Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2026.103950
Lara Keller , Leon D. Lotter , Claudia R. Eickhoff , Simon B. Eickhoff , Katharina Otten , Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann , Jochen Seitz
Substantial brain volume loss is well-documented during acute anorexia nervosa (AN); however, longitudinal outcomes are unclear. Our comprehensive meta-analysis investigated global and regional structural brain alterations in adult and adolescent individuals with AN by extracting reported brain volume scores and neuroimaging coordinates from the literature. Results showed significant global brain volume reductions in gray matter (GM), white matter (WM), and increases in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in acute AN (N = 1130 patients; N = 40 papers), gradually improving upon weight rehabilitation. However, even after 1.5 years of recovery, significantly lower global GM volume compared to healthy controls was found (N = 232 patients; N = 12 papers). Regarding potential regional changes, our search identified 35 eligible papers with neuroimaging coordinates for 412 foci as input for our anatomical likelihood estimation (ALE) analyses. The results revealed widespread reductions of GM volume and cortical thickness, but notably also identified consistently affected brain regions including the cingulate gyrus, precentral gyrus, and precuneus. Spatial colocalization analyses using the Neurosynth data base indicated brain areas associated with eating, food, threat, and reinforcement to be relatively preserved. The findings of our meta-analysis contribute to a better understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of AN, the time course and residuals of brain structural alterations during recovery and clinical implications potentially relevant for more-targeted treatment options.
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Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2026.103944
Tuulia Malén , Jouni Tuisku , Marco Bucci , Severi Santavirta , Valtteri Kaasinen , Sakari Kaasalainen , Janne Isojärvi , Jarmo Hietala , Juha Rinne , Lauri Nummenmaa
Background
Positron emission tomography (PET) using radioligand [18F]fluorodopa detects reduced striatal dopamine synthesis capacity in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. Demographic factors such as sex and BMI are also associated with dopamine synthesis capacity. The combined contribution of demographic and clinical effects however remains elusive.
Material, aims, and methods
For this retrospective register-based study, we used baseline [18F]fluorodopa PET data acquired at the Turku PET Centre between the years 1988–2016 with three scanners (Ecat 931, GE Advance, HRRT). The data involved 350 adult human subjects, including 132 healthy controls, and 218 PD patients. The primary aim was to simultaneously investigate the effects of PD, age, sex and BMI on regional dopamine synthesis capacity (influx rate constant Kiref quantified with Patlak in atlas-based regions of interest) using Bayesian linear regression. Secondary aims were to assess (1) interregional correlations of dopamine synthesis capacity, (2) association between regional presynaptic dopamine synthesis and postsynaptic dopamine type 2 receptor (D2R) availability in subjects who also had a proximal [11C]raclopride PET scan, and (3) scanner effects and atlas- versus MRI-based quantification approaches. We provide the mean dopamine synthesis brain maps of healthy controls and PD patients in NeuroVault.
Results
Dopamine synthesis capacity was drastically reduced in PD patients, decreased with age, increased with BMI, and higher in females versus males. Across regions, the capacity was positively correlated in both patients and controls. We observed support for positive correlation between the dopamine synthesis capacity and the D2R in caudate nucleus. Scanner had a substantial influence on Kiref estimates. Atlas- and MRI-based normalization methods provide largely comparable Kiref estimates for most subjects.
Conclusions
Dopamine synthesis capacity is independently affected by PD and demographic factors and correlated between the striatal and thalamic regions in both controls and PD patients. Adjusting for scanner effects in multi-scanner datasets is recommended. When subject-specific MRI is unavailable, atlas-based normalization may be used with caution to prevent major data loss.
{"title":"Striatal dopamine synthesis capacity in Parkinson’s disease: Effects of age, sex, and body mass index in a large [18F]fluorodopa PET cohort","authors":"Tuulia Malén , Jouni Tuisku , Marco Bucci , Severi Santavirta , Valtteri Kaasinen , Sakari Kaasalainen , Janne Isojärvi , Jarmo Hietala , Juha Rinne , Lauri Nummenmaa","doi":"10.1016/j.nicl.2026.103944","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nicl.2026.103944","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Positron emission tomography (PET) using radioligand [<sup>18</sup>F]fluorodopa detects reduced striatal dopamine synthesis capacity in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. Demographic factors such as sex and BMI are also associated with dopamine synthesis capacity. The combined contribution of demographic and clinical effects however remains elusive.</div></div><div><h3>Material, aims, and methods</h3><div>For this retrospective register-based study, we used baseline [<sup>18</sup>F]fluorodopa PET data acquired at the Turku PET Centre between the years 1988–2016 with three scanners (Ecat 931, GE Advance, HRRT). The data involved 350 adult human subjects, including 132 healthy controls, and 218 PD patients. The primary aim was to simultaneously investigate the effects of PD, age, sex and BMI on regional dopamine synthesis capacity (influx rate constant Ki<sup>ref</sup> quantified with Patlak in atlas-based regions of interest) using Bayesian linear regression. Secondary aims were to assess (1) interregional correlations of dopamine synthesis capacity, (2) association between regional presynaptic dopamine synthesis and postsynaptic dopamine type 2 receptor (D<sub>2</sub>R) availability in subjects who also had a proximal [<sup>11</sup>C]raclopride PET scan, and (3) scanner effects and atlas- versus MRI-based quantification approaches. We provide the mean dopamine synthesis brain maps of healthy controls and PD patients in NeuroVault.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Dopamine synthesis capacity was drastically reduced in PD patients, decreased with age, increased with BMI, and higher in females versus males. Across regions, the capacity was positively correlated in both patients and controls. We observed support for positive correlation between the dopamine synthesis capacity and the D<sub>2</sub>R in caudate nucleus. Scanner had a substantial influence on Ki<sup>ref</sup> estimates. Atlas- and MRI-based normalization methods provide largely comparable Ki<sup>ref</sup> estimates for most subjects.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Dopamine synthesis capacity is independently affected by PD and demographic factors and correlated between the striatal and thalamic regions in both controls and PD patients. Adjusting for scanner effects in multi-scanner datasets is recommended. When subject-specific MRI is unavailable, atlas-based normalization may be used with caution to prevent major data loss.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54359,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage-Clinical","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 103944"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145968088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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