Coyolxauhqui Figueroa, Laura J. Prieto, Sheila De La Torre, Teresa Terrazas
Mammillaria lasiacantha is a small cactus that inhabits at Sierra of Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico. Their populations have been affected by habitat destruction, illegal extraction, and uncontrolled tourism in the region that steps on the seedlings; therefore, knowing its reproductive biology is necessary for its conservation. Our main questions were: What is the floral morphology and anatomy like? What type of sexual and mating system do M. lasiacantha present? Do the seeds produced by the crosses germinate, how and in what percentage? Sixty individuals from a population of 120 plants were studied at Sierra of Juárez, Juárez Chihuahua from January to August 2021. The study of the floral morpho-anatomy was carried out. Four treatments were applied: natural selfing, forced selfing, geitonogamy and forced outcrossing plus a control. Pollinated flowers, fruits, number of seeds and germination percentage were recorded. Flowers have naked pericarp, funnel-type nectary, nectarostomata, closed style and collateral vascular bundles. The anatomical characteristics of M. lasiacantha agree with those reported for other species of Mammillaria. The flowers of M. lasiacantha present herkogamy, with an obligate outcrossing system. The seeds produced from the outcrossing and control group germinated in 32 and 76%, respectively. The herkogamy and strict outcrossing system of M. lasiacantha should be confirmed in other populations. The seeds are positive photoblastic, without dormancy, but the study of the seed bank and seedling survival in the field would be pertinent. The ex-situ conservation of M. lasiacantha in the site will be feasible, since species high percentage of germination may contribute to produce plants for restoration programs.
{"title":"Floral morpho-anatomy and reproductive biology of Mammillaria lasiacantha Engelm. (Cactaceae) at Sierra of Juárez, Chihuahua","authors":"Coyolxauhqui Figueroa, Laura J. Prieto, Sheila De La Torre, Teresa Terrazas","doi":"10.56890/jpacd.v26i.526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56890/jpacd.v26i.526","url":null,"abstract":"Mammillaria lasiacantha is a small cactus that inhabits at Sierra of Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico. Their populations have been affected by habitat destruction, illegal extraction, and uncontrolled tourism in the region that steps on the seedlings; therefore, knowing its reproductive biology is necessary for its conservation. Our main questions were: What is the floral morphology and anatomy like? What type of sexual and mating system do M. lasiacantha present? Do the seeds produced by the crosses germinate, how and in what percentage? Sixty individuals from a population of 120 plants were studied at Sierra of Juárez, Juárez Chihuahua from January to August 2021. The study of the floral morpho-anatomy was carried out. Four treatments were applied: natural selfing, forced selfing, geitonogamy and forced outcrossing plus a control. Pollinated flowers, fruits, number of seeds and germination percentage were recorded. Flowers have naked pericarp, funnel-type nectary, nectarostomata, closed style and collateral vascular bundles. The anatomical characteristics of M. lasiacantha agree with those reported for other species of Mammillaria. The flowers of M. lasiacantha present herkogamy, with an obligate outcrossing system. The seeds produced from the outcrossing and control group germinated in 32 and 76%, respectively. The herkogamy and strict outcrossing system of M. lasiacantha should be confirmed in other populations. The seeds are positive photoblastic, without dormancy, but the study of the seed bank and seedling survival in the field would be pertinent. The ex-situ conservation of M. lasiacantha in the site will be feasible, since species high percentage of germination may contribute to produce plants for restoration programs.","PeriodicalId":54361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Professional Association for Cactus Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140697221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pablo Ramon Costa, Emerson Moreira de Aguiar, Antonio Leandro Chaves Gurgel, Patrick Bezerra Fernandes, João Virgínio, Emerenciano Neto, Murilo, Santos Ferreira, Williana da, Silva Melo, Gelson dos, Santos Difante, Luís Carlos, Vinhas Ítavo, Tairon Pannunzio, Dias-Silva, Marcos Jácome de Araújo, Larissa de Oliveira Fontes, Maíra Vieira Ataíde, José Henrique da, Silva Taveira
The use of cactus pear has shown poor performance in some areas of semi-arid climate regions, as the species needs a wide gradient between temperatures during the day and night to develop, which does not occur in such zones. To lessen this negative occurrence, moisture availability provides better performance for the species, such as using hydrogel instead of irrigation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of using hydrogel polymers on the production of cactus pear (Opuntia stricta cv. Mexican Elephant Ear). Three treatments with six replications were used, totalling 18 experimental units. The treatments were, (1) Conventional fertilization using fertilizer in granulated format; (2) Foliar fertilization with polymer using a dilution dose of 6 grams of polymer L-1 of water associated with the fertilizer in liquid form through the foliar route; (3) Foliar fertilization without polymer using only foliar fertilization in the same formulation as the treatment with polymer. There was no effect of fertilization strategy on plant height, cladode length, cladode width, cladode thickness, cladode area, and biomass. There was an effect of the fertilization strategy on dry matter, in which higher estimates were measured for conventional fertilization and foliar fertilization without polymer. On the other hand, foliar fertilization with polymer promoted increases of 13% in mineral matter and 42% in crude protein in relation to conventional fertilization. The fertilization strategy did not change the other chemical attributes of cactus pear. The use of the hydrogel did not influence the morphometric development of the Mexican Elephant Ear cultivar but promoted increments in the chemical composition.
{"title":"Effect of using hydrogel polymers on morphometric, forage production, and nutritional characteristics of cactus pear","authors":"Pablo Ramon Costa, Emerson Moreira de Aguiar, Antonio Leandro Chaves Gurgel, Patrick Bezerra Fernandes, João Virgínio, Emerenciano Neto, Murilo, Santos Ferreira, Williana da, Silva Melo, Gelson dos, Santos Difante, Luís Carlos, Vinhas Ítavo, Tairon Pannunzio, Dias-Silva, Marcos Jácome de Araújo, Larissa de Oliveira Fontes, Maíra Vieira Ataíde, José Henrique da, Silva Taveira","doi":"10.56890/jpacd.v26i.535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56890/jpacd.v26i.535","url":null,"abstract":"The use of cactus pear has shown poor performance in some areas of semi-arid climate regions, as the species needs a wide gradient between temperatures during the day and night to develop, which does not occur in such zones. To lessen this negative occurrence, moisture availability provides better performance for the species, such as using hydrogel instead of irrigation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of using hydrogel polymers on the production of cactus pear (Opuntia stricta cv. Mexican Elephant Ear). Three treatments with six replications were used, totalling 18 experimental units. The treatments were, (1) Conventional fertilization using fertilizer in granulated format; (2) Foliar fertilization with polymer using a dilution dose of 6 grams of polymer L-1 of water associated with the fertilizer in liquid form through the foliar route; (3) Foliar fertilization without polymer using only foliar fertilization in the same formulation as the treatment with polymer. There was no effect of fertilization strategy on plant height, cladode length, cladode width, cladode thickness, cladode area, and biomass. There was an effect of the fertilization strategy on dry matter, in which higher estimates were measured for conventional fertilization and foliar fertilization without polymer. On the other hand, foliar fertilization with polymer promoted increases of 13% in mineral matter and 42% in crude protein in relation to conventional fertilization. The fertilization strategy did not change the other chemical attributes of cactus pear. The use of the hydrogel did not influence the morphometric development of the Mexican Elephant Ear cultivar but promoted increments in the chemical composition.","PeriodicalId":54361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Professional Association for Cactus Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140435480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Edén A. LUNA-ZAPIÉN, J. Zegbe-Domínguez, J. A. Meza-Velázquez
The avocado is a highly perishable fruit, leading to significant potential waste and loss in some links of the agri-food chain, with negative environmental and economic impacts. This study explored the influence of an alginate and mucilage-based edible coating on some physical attributes, cold storage, and consumer acceptance of avocado halves coated at the ready-to-eat stage. Two lots of avocado halves were formed. One was treated with an edible coating formulated from alginate and mucilage; the other was uncoated. Uncoated and coated avocado halves were cold-stored at 4 ± 1 °C and 95% relative humidity for 12 d. The fruit mass loss (FML), fresh firmness (FF), and some color parameters were measured every other day. The experiment was conducted in a completely random design with three replicates at each sampling date. On the sixth day, a sensory study was performed with 30 untrained panelists who were frequent avocado eaters. The coated avocado halves were brighter, redder, and yellower during the experimental period than uncoated avocado halves. A significant color differences (?E*) were found between coated and uncoated avocado halves. At the end of the experiment, the coated samples had the lowest FML and FF and the greatest consumer acceptance. Therefore, the edible coating presented here is a feasible technology for minimally-processed avocado halves and for high-latitude markets, where this fruit is scarce.
{"title":"Applying an alginate and mucilage-based edible coating to avocado halves favors some physical attributes and consumer acceptance","authors":"Edén A. LUNA-ZAPIÉN, J. Zegbe-Domínguez, J. A. Meza-Velázquez","doi":"10.56890/jpacd.v25i.530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56890/jpacd.v25i.530","url":null,"abstract":"The avocado is a highly perishable fruit, leading to significant potential waste and loss in some links of the agri-food chain, with negative environmental and economic impacts. This study explored the influence of an alginate and mucilage-based edible coating on some physical attributes, cold storage, and consumer acceptance of avocado halves coated at the ready-to-eat stage. Two lots of avocado halves were formed. One was treated with an edible coating formulated from alginate and mucilage; the other was uncoated. Uncoated and coated avocado halves were cold-stored at 4 ± 1 °C and 95% relative humidity for 12 d. The fruit mass loss (FML), fresh firmness (FF), and some color parameters were measured every other day. The experiment was conducted in a completely random design with three replicates at each sampling date. On the sixth day, a sensory study was performed with 30 untrained panelists who were frequent avocado eaters. The coated avocado halves were brighter, redder, and yellower during the experimental period than uncoated avocado halves. A significant color differences (?E*) were found between coated and uncoated avocado halves. At the end of the experiment, the coated samples had the lowest FML and FF and the greatest consumer acceptance. Therefore, the edible coating presented here is a feasible technology for minimally-processed avocado halves and for high-latitude markets, where this fruit is scarce.","PeriodicalId":54361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Professional Association for Cactus Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138994124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Israel Cruz-Jiménez, J. A. de-Nova, M. L. Guerrero-González, Joel Flores, Pablo Delgado Sánchez
Cacti have a wide distribution in the arid and semi-arid ecosystems of Mexico, with environmental variations affecting both physical and physiological seed traits. Herein, the physical and ecophysiological traits of Opuntia streptacantha seeds were evaluated to determine whether they are affected by sites. The seeds from eight sites of O. streptacantha from six Mexican states were studied, Sain Alto, Villa de Guadalupe, Villa González Ortega (Zacatecas), Zaragoza (San Luis Potosí), Lagos de Moreno (Jalisco), San Luis de La Paz (Guanajuato), Cardonal (Hidalgo) and Santiago Tepetitlán (Estado de México); being Lagos de Moreno and Santiago Tepetitlán the less dry sites and Villa González Ortega and Cardonal the drier ones. The longest seeds were from Zaragoza (3.81 mm), Villa González Ortega (3.72 mm) and Villa Guadalupe (3.70 mm); the widest and thickest seeds were from San Luis de La Paz (3.44 and 2.16 mm, respectively). The highest volumetric weight was found in seeds from Villa Guadalupe (9.92 kg hL-1), Lagos de Moreno (9.90 kg hL-1) and Santiago Tepetitlán (9.67 kg hL-1). The site San Luis de La Paz (1.31 g) had the highest weight of 1000 seeds and Cardonal (8874 seeds) the highest number of seeds per kilogram. The seeds with the highest moisture content were those from Villa González Ortega (9.81%), and the seeds with the lowest hardness were those from Santiago Tepetitlán (17.95 lbf), and Lagos de Moreno (16.55 lbf). The seeds from the western region of the country (Lagos de Moreno), where the species is less abundant and the environment is moister, showed the highest germination (26%). The seed hardness was negatively correlated with seed germination, with soft seeds having the highest germination. No correlation between seed weight and germination was found. The seed traits are related to environmental factors that influence the seed quality. The physical seed traits and seed germination from different sites for ecological restoration plans need to be considered.
仙人掌广泛分布于墨西哥的干旱和半干旱生态系统中，环境变化会影响种子的物理和生理特征。在此，我们对Opuntia streptacantha种子的物理和生态生理特征进行了评估，以确定它们是否受地点的影响。来自墨西哥六个地区八个地点的 O.研究了墨西哥六个州的八个地点的 Opuntia streptacantha 种子，分别是 Sain Alto、Villa de Guadalupe、Villa González Ortega（萨卡特卡斯州）、Zaragoza（圣路易斯波托西州）、Lagos de Moreno（哈利斯科州）、San Luis de La Paz（瓜纳华托州）、Cardonal（伊达尔戈州）和 Santiago Tepetitlán（墨西哥州）；拉戈斯-德莫雷诺和圣地亚哥-特佩蒂特兰是不太干燥的地方，而冈萨雷斯-奥尔特加别墅和卡多纳尔是较干燥的地方。最长的种子产自萨拉戈萨（3.81 毫米）、冈萨雷斯-奥尔特加别墅（3.72 毫米）和瓜达卢佩别墅（3.70 毫米）；最宽和最厚的种子产自圣路易斯-德拉巴斯（分别为 3.44 毫米和 2.16 毫米）。瓜达卢佩别墅（9.92 千克/小时-1）、拉各斯德莫雷诺（9.90 千克/小时-1）和圣地亚哥特佩蒂特兰（9.67 千克/小时-1）的种子体积重量最大。San Luis de La Paz（1.31 克）的每千克种子重量最高，Cardonal（8874 粒）的每千克种子数量最高。含水量最高的种子产自 Villa González Ortega（9.81%），硬度最低的种子产自 Santiago Tepetitlán（17.95 磅）和 Lagos de Moreno（16.55 磅）。来自该国西部地区（拉各斯德莫雷诺）的种子发芽率最高（26%），因为该物种在西部地区的数量较少且环境较为湿润。种子硬度与种子发芽率呈负相关，软种子的发芽率最高。种子重量与发芽率之间没有相关性。种子性状与影响种子质量的环境因素有关。在制定生态恢复计划时，需要考虑不同地点的种子物理性状和种子发芽率。
{"title":"Interpopulation variation in seed germination and seed traits of Opuntia streptacantha","authors":"Israel Cruz-Jiménez, J. A. de-Nova, M. L. Guerrero-González, Joel Flores, Pablo Delgado Sánchez","doi":"10.56890/jpacd.v25i.528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56890/jpacd.v25i.528","url":null,"abstract":"Cacti have a wide distribution in the arid and semi-arid ecosystems of Mexico, with environmental variations affecting both physical and physiological seed traits. Herein, the physical and ecophysiological traits of Opuntia streptacantha seeds were evaluated to determine whether they are affected by sites. The seeds from eight sites of O. streptacantha from six Mexican states were studied, Sain Alto, Villa de Guadalupe, Villa González Ortega (Zacatecas), Zaragoza (San Luis Potosí), Lagos de Moreno (Jalisco), San Luis de La Paz (Guanajuato), Cardonal (Hidalgo) and Santiago Tepetitlán (Estado de México); being Lagos de Moreno and Santiago Tepetitlán the less dry sites and Villa González Ortega and Cardonal the drier ones. The longest seeds were from Zaragoza (3.81 mm), Villa González Ortega (3.72 mm) and Villa Guadalupe (3.70 mm); the widest and thickest seeds were from San Luis de La Paz (3.44 and 2.16 mm, respectively). The highest volumetric weight was found in seeds from Villa Guadalupe (9.92 kg hL-1), Lagos de Moreno (9.90 kg hL-1) and Santiago Tepetitlán (9.67 kg hL-1). The site San Luis de La Paz (1.31 g) had the highest weight of 1000 seeds and Cardonal (8874 seeds) the highest number of seeds per kilogram. The seeds with the highest moisture content were those from Villa González Ortega (9.81%), and the seeds with the lowest hardness were those from Santiago Tepetitlán (17.95 lbf), and Lagos de Moreno (16.55 lbf). The seeds from the western region of the country (Lagos de Moreno), where the species is less abundant and the environment is moister, showed the highest germination (26%). The seed hardness was negatively correlated with seed germination, with soft seeds having the highest germination. No correlation between seed weight and germination was found. The seed traits are related to environmental factors that influence the seed quality. The physical seed traits and seed germination from different sites for ecological restoration plans need to be considered.","PeriodicalId":54361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Professional Association for Cactus Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138967305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David Bravo-Avilez, Alejandra Nieto-Garibay, Beatriz Rendón-Aguilar
The use of several columnar cacti stretches back several thousand years and is still going at the present. In many of them, their populations within their range of distribution, are subject to three forms of management, including wild, in situ, and cultivated, each of one exposed to different types of damage, biological or physical. This study attempted to characterize the types of damage affecting pitayas (Stenocereus pruinosus and S. stellatus) in central and southern Mexico, and to analyze the relationship between some types of damage under different forms of management, and its effect on reproductive success. The two species were sampled in three populations with different forms of management. The branches (167-180) were selected and measured the amount of damage, characterized the types of damage, and a percentage of the total damage together with the number of fruits that were produced throughout their annual fruiting season were estimated. A x2 test was used to determine the variations in the characterized damage, and the effects of the damage on fruit production in populations with different forms of management was assessed using linear regressions. The eight different types of damage were listed, its frequency, and the effect of damage on fruit production varies in populations. Depending on human management, populations managed demonstrate acceptance of some types of damage by pitaya farmers: bird nests and external black scar, which do not affect the production of fruits; and reduction of others, branch rot and ant herbivory, the latter of which does affect the production of fruits. The fisheye disease, anthropogenic, gray scab and sooty mold and branch rot damage should be addressed in plant health activities in all populations, and the exchange of knowledge with pitaya farmers should be developed to propose measures to attend to these damages. This will support the sustainable use of the species.
几种柱状仙人掌的使用可以追溯到几千年前，现在仍在继续。其中许多仙人掌的种群在其分布范围内受到三种形式的管理，包括野生、原地和栽培，每种形式都受到不同类型的生物或物理损害。本研究试图描述影响墨西哥中部和南部皮特兰（Stenocereus pruinosus 和 S. stellatus）的损害类型，并分析不同管理形式下某些损害类型之间的关系及其对繁殖成功率的影响。这两个物种在三个不同管理形式的种群中取样。选取的枝条（167-180 个）测量了受害量，确定了受害类型，并估算了总受害量的百分比和整个结果期的果实数量。采用 x2 检验来确定损害特征的变化，并利用线性回归评估损害对不同管理形式种群果实产量的影响。列出了八种不同类型的损害、其发生频率以及损害对果实产量的影响。根据人为管理的不同，管理的种群表现出了番荔枝种植者对某些损害类型的接受程度：鸟巢和外部黑疤，它们不会影响果实的产量；而减少其他损害类型，如枝干腐烂和蚂蚁食草，后者会影响果实的产量。鱼眼病、人为病害、灰痂病、煤烟霉和枝干腐烂病的危害应在所有种群的植物健康活动中加以解决，并应与番木瓜种植者开展知识交流，以提出应对这些危害的措施。这将有助于该物种的可持续利用。
{"title":"Characterization of the damage and its effect on the production of pitayas Stenocereus pruinosus and S. stellatus under different forms of management in Central Mexico","authors":"David Bravo-Avilez, Alejandra Nieto-Garibay, Beatriz Rendón-Aguilar","doi":"10.56890/jpacd.v25i.527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56890/jpacd.v25i.527","url":null,"abstract":"The use of several columnar cacti stretches back several thousand years and is still going at the present. In many of them, their populations within their range of distribution, are subject to three forms of management, including wild, in situ, and cultivated, each of one exposed to different types of damage, biological or physical. This study attempted to characterize the types of damage affecting pitayas (Stenocereus pruinosus and S. stellatus) in central and southern Mexico, and to analyze the relationship between some types of damage under different forms of management, and its effect on reproductive success. The two species were sampled in three populations with different forms of management. The branches (167-180) were selected and measured the amount of damage, characterized the types of damage, and a percentage of the total damage together with the number of fruits that were produced throughout their annual fruiting season were estimated. A x2 test was used to determine the variations in the characterized damage, and the effects of the damage on fruit production in populations with different forms of management was assessed using linear regressions. The eight different types of damage were listed, its frequency, and the effect of damage on fruit production varies in populations. Depending on human management, populations managed demonstrate acceptance of some types of damage by pitaya farmers: bird nests and external black scar, which do not affect the production of fruits; and reduction of others, branch rot and ant herbivory, the latter of which does affect the production of fruits. The fisheye disease, anthropogenic, gray scab and sooty mold and branch rot damage should be addressed in plant health activities in all populations, and the exchange of knowledge with pitaya farmers should be developed to propose measures to attend to these damages. This will support the sustainable use of the species.","PeriodicalId":54361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Professional Association for Cactus Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139198642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ériton Eriberto Martins Dantas, Ricardo Loiola Edvan, Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira, Pedro Henrique Soares Mazza, José Morais Pereira Filho, Edson Cavalcanti da Silva Filho, Marcos Jácome de Araújo, Rafael Souza Miranda, Edson Mauro Santos, Leilson Rocha Bezerra, Romilda Rodrigues do Nascimento, Keuven Dos Santos Nascimento
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of different proportions of cactus pear mucilage as a moistening additive on chemical composition, ammonia nitrogen, volatile fatty acids, microbial dynamics, fermentation losses, pH, and aerobic stability of corn grains in the form of silage throughout storage periods. The study was carried out in a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement (5×2), with four replications. The factors corresponded to five forms of moistening for corn grain silage, 0, 5, 10, 20, and 40% of cactus pear mucilage (MA) associated or not with urea (U) in the level of 1.5% of DM. The lowest DM content was found in the silage moistened with 40% of cactus pear mucilage, and the greatest CP content was found in the same treatment but when urea was added. Lower contents of propionic and butyric acids were observed in the silages moistened with 5 and 10% of cactus pear without and with the addition of urea. Dry matter recovery was higher in the treatments with water and 10% of cactus pear. The use of urea affected the LAB population only at 15 d of silo opening, providing a bigger population (6.58 logs CFU g-1) when compared to silages without urea (6.27 logs CFU g-1). The lower concentrations of propionic and butyric acids observed in the silage moistened with 5 and 10% of cactus pear mucilage, regardless of the addition of urea. However, it is recommended to use 10% of cactus pear mucilage without the addition of urea, as it provides better indicators of good-quality silage.
{"title":"Effect of cactus pear mucilage as a moistening additive for corn grain silage","authors":"Ériton Eriberto Martins Dantas, Ricardo Loiola Edvan, Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira, Pedro Henrique Soares Mazza, José Morais Pereira Filho, Edson Cavalcanti da Silva Filho, Marcos Jácome de Araújo, Rafael Souza Miranda, Edson Mauro Santos, Leilson Rocha Bezerra, Romilda Rodrigues do Nascimento, Keuven Dos Santos Nascimento","doi":"10.56890/jpacd.v25i.515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56890/jpacd.v25i.515","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of different proportions of cactus pear mucilage as a moistening additive on chemical composition, ammonia nitrogen, volatile fatty acids, microbial dynamics, fermentation losses, pH, and aerobic stability of corn grains in the form of silage throughout storage periods. The study was carried out in a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement (5×2), with four replications. The factors corresponded to five forms of moistening for corn grain silage, 0, 5, 10, 20, and 40% of cactus pear mucilage (MA) associated or not with urea (U) in the level of 1.5% of DM. The lowest DM content was found in the silage moistened with 40% of cactus pear mucilage, and the greatest CP content was found in the same treatment but when urea was added. Lower contents of propionic and butyric acids were observed in the silages moistened with 5 and 10% of cactus pear without and with the addition of urea. Dry matter recovery was higher in the treatments with water and 10% of cactus pear. The use of urea affected the LAB population only at 15 d of silo opening, providing a bigger population (6.58 logs CFU g-1) when compared to silages without urea (6.27 logs CFU g-1). The lower concentrations of propionic and butyric acids observed in the silage moistened with 5 and 10% of cactus pear mucilage, regardless of the addition of urea. However, it is recommended to use 10% of cactus pear mucilage without the addition of urea, as it provides better indicators of good-quality silage.","PeriodicalId":54361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Professional Association for Cactus Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135679165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Edson Hernández-Espíndola, Laura D. Ortega-Arenas, Esteban Rodríguez-Leyva, J. Refugio Lomeli-Flores, Lauro Soto-Rojas, Alfredo López-Jiménez
Dactylopius opuntiae (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae) is a pest of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Miller (Caryophyllales: Cactaceae) in many regions around the world, and there are no formal insecticide toxicity assays. This study aimed to evaluate the lethal toxicity of malathion, lambda-cyhalothrin, spirotetramat, and potassium salts on D. opuntiae in laboratory and greenhouse assays. In the laboratory, using a potter tower, lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC90) were determined on adult females. Under greenhouse conditions, on O. ficus-indica infested plants, the LC90 of those three conventional insecticides were evaluated, as well as the LC50 of potassium salts; mortality was evaluated 48 and 144 h after application in laboratory and greenhouse assays, respectively. D. opuntiae was susceptible to all insecticides; malathion was the most toxic product, LC50 120.4 mg L-1, lambda-cyhalothrin (159.8 mg L-1) and spirotetramat (756.3 mg L-1) followed. Using potassium salts, 8,970.1 mg L-1 were needed to achieve 50% mortality. The highest percentage of mortality (88.3%) in the greenhouse was obtained using the LC50 (8,970.1 mg L-1) of potassium salts and the LC90 of spirotetramat (11,567 mg L-1). Mortality caused by the LC90 of spirotetramat (77.3%) and malathion (66.8%) did not differ statistically; while the LC90 of lambda-cyhalothrin (11,427 mg L-1) caused 45.4% mortality, and it was the least toxic insecticide in the greenhouse assay. In this work, the toxicity of insecticides to improve their use against D. opuntiae is discussed.
{"title":"Toxicity of four commercial insecticides on Dactylopius opuntiae (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae)","authors":"Edson Hernández-Espíndola, Laura D. Ortega-Arenas, Esteban Rodríguez-Leyva, J. Refugio Lomeli-Flores, Lauro Soto-Rojas, Alfredo López-Jiménez","doi":"10.56890/jpacd.v25i.481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56890/jpacd.v25i.481","url":null,"abstract":"Dactylopius opuntiae (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae) is a pest of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Miller (Caryophyllales: Cactaceae) in many regions around the world, and there are no formal insecticide toxicity assays. This study aimed to evaluate the lethal toxicity of malathion, lambda-cyhalothrin, spirotetramat, and potassium salts on D. opuntiae in laboratory and greenhouse assays. In the laboratory, using a potter tower, lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC90) were determined on adult females. Under greenhouse conditions, on O. ficus-indica infested plants, the LC90 of those three conventional insecticides were evaluated, as well as the LC50 of potassium salts; mortality was evaluated 48 and 144 h after application in laboratory and greenhouse assays, respectively. D. opuntiae was susceptible to all insecticides; malathion was the most toxic product, LC50 120.4 mg L-1, lambda-cyhalothrin (159.8 mg L-1) and spirotetramat (756.3 mg L-1) followed. Using potassium salts, 8,970.1 mg L-1 were needed to achieve 50% mortality. The highest percentage of mortality (88.3%) in the greenhouse was obtained using the LC50 (8,970.1 mg L-1) of potassium salts and the LC90 of spirotetramat (11,567 mg L-1). Mortality caused by the LC90 of spirotetramat (77.3%) and malathion (66.8%) did not differ statistically; while the LC90 of lambda-cyhalothrin (11,427 mg L-1) caused 45.4% mortality, and it was the least toxic insecticide in the greenhouse assay. In this work, the toxicity of insecticides to improve their use against D. opuntiae is discussed.","PeriodicalId":54361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Professional Association for Cactus Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135666892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. García-Cruz, D. Guerra-Ramírez, S. Valle-Guadarrama
The fruit of Stenocereus pruinosus is a source of betalains that can be used to provide tonalities ranging from red-violet to yellow, but the partitioning into betacyanins and betaxanthins must be addressed, in addition to the reduction of sugars. The objective was to evaluate the use of extracts of betalains from Stenocereus pruinosus fruits with different tones and low sugar content in the pigmentation of food matrices. Aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) based on 1-propanol and sodium citrate were applied in multiple stages to obtain fractions rich in betaxanthins and betacyanins. Subsequently, an ABS based on polyethylene glycol 4000 and sodium citrate was used to reduce the sugar content. The extracts were used to pigment milk and to evaluate the color stability during a storage of 39 d at 4 °C. Four fractions, Eyellow, Eorange, Epink, and Ered, were obtained with betacyanins concentration of 9.23, 22.37, 76.54, and 61.0 mg L-1 and betaxanthins concentration of 49.3, 77.5, 35.2, and 53.32 mg L-1, respectively. The hue angle of the pigmented milk with Eyellow, Eorange, Epink, and Ered was 81.9, 60.6, 9.6, and 13.0°, respectively, at the beginning. The color remained without apparent change during 24 d, which allowed extracts of betacyanins and betaxanthins to be qualified as adequate to provide reddish and yellow hue in milk beverages. Although the multistage operation was required, four fractions with different tones were obtained from only one sample, which constitutes an innovative feature. In conclusion, it is feasible the use of betalains obtained with ABS from fruits of S. pruinosus as pigmenting agents of foods.
{"title":"Pigmenting potential of betacyanins and betaxanthins separated from fruits of Stenocereus pruinosus with aqueous biphasic systems","authors":"L. García-Cruz, D. Guerra-Ramírez, S. Valle-Guadarrama","doi":"10.56890/jpacd.v25i.522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56890/jpacd.v25i.522","url":null,"abstract":"The fruit of Stenocereus pruinosus is a source of betalains that can be used to provide tonalities ranging from red-violet to yellow, but the partitioning into betacyanins and betaxanthins must be addressed, in addition to the reduction of sugars. The objective was to evaluate the use of extracts of betalains from Stenocereus pruinosus fruits with different tones and low sugar content in the pigmentation of food matrices. Aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) based on 1-propanol and sodium citrate were applied in multiple stages to obtain fractions rich in betaxanthins and betacyanins. Subsequently, an ABS based on polyethylene glycol 4000 and sodium citrate was used to reduce the sugar content. The extracts were used to pigment milk and to evaluate the color stability during a storage of 39 d at 4 °C. Four fractions, Eyellow, Eorange, Epink, and Ered, were obtained with betacyanins concentration of 9.23, 22.37, 76.54, and 61.0 mg L-1 and betaxanthins concentration of 49.3, 77.5, 35.2, and 53.32 mg L-1, respectively. The hue angle of the pigmented milk with Eyellow, Eorange, Epink, and Ered was 81.9, 60.6, 9.6, and 13.0°, respectively, at the beginning. The color remained without apparent change during 24 d, which allowed extracts of betacyanins and betaxanthins to be qualified as adequate to provide reddish and yellow hue in milk beverages. Although the multistage operation was required, four fractions with different tones were obtained from only one sample, which constitutes an innovative feature. In conclusion, it is feasible the use of betalains obtained with ABS from fruits of S. pruinosus as pigmenting agents of foods.","PeriodicalId":54361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Professional Association for Cactus Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45532389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, Opuntia cactus cultivation has been seriously threatened by the appearance of Dactylopius opuntiae (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae) in Morocco, and four species with eight cactus pear varieties have been identified by research as resistant to this cochineal, these varieties are already registered in the official catalog of species and varieties in Morocco. A morphological and phenological characterization using twenty morphological attributes of these eight varieties: Karama, Ghalia, Belara, Marjana, Cherratia, Angad, and Melk Zhar were performed. The principal component analysis allowed distinguishing five groups according to the studied characteristics. Aakria with the smallest bright red fruit and very small cladodes (15.8/7.7 cm), Belara with the highest number of cladodes per plant (101.2), large cladodes (36.4/25.8 cm) and very sweet large yellow-green fruit, Marjana with very thick cladodes (2.3 cm) and large and very sweet fruit. The group of varieties (Melk Zhar, Angad and Cherratia) is characterized by wide and thorny cladodes, the longest thorns and fruits of large size (202.5- 276.7 g). The group containing the varieties (Karama and Ghalia) is characterized by large cladodes (33.4-36.0/16.4-25.6 cm) and medium size fruits (98.5-115.6 g). Also, the periods of vegetative and floral budding, and flowering were the longest for Aakria and the shortest for Marjana. The period of fruit development was the longest for Aakria and the shortest for Marjana. In conclusion, these morphological and phenological variations among the eight cactus pear varieties identified as resistant to D. opuntiae in Morocco could be the subject of breeding programs.
{"title":"Morphological and phenological characterization of Moroccan Opuntia cactus varieties (Karama, Ghalia, Belara, Marjana, Cherratia, Angad, and Melk Zhar) resistant to the cactus cochineal Dactylopius opuntiae (Cockerell)","authors":"E. Mohamed, M. Sbaghi","doi":"10.56890/jpacd.v25i.519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56890/jpacd.v25i.519","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, Opuntia cactus cultivation has been seriously threatened by the appearance of Dactylopius opuntiae (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae) in Morocco, and four species with eight cactus pear varieties have been identified by research as resistant to this cochineal, these varieties are already registered in the official catalog of species and varieties in Morocco. A morphological and phenological characterization using twenty morphological attributes of these eight varieties: Karama, Ghalia, Belara, Marjana, Cherratia, Angad, and Melk Zhar were performed. The principal component analysis allowed distinguishing five groups according to the studied characteristics. Aakria with the smallest bright red fruit and very small cladodes (15.8/7.7 cm), Belara with the highest number of cladodes per plant (101.2), large cladodes (36.4/25.8 cm) and very sweet large yellow-green fruit, Marjana with very thick cladodes (2.3 cm) and large and very sweet fruit. The group of varieties (Melk Zhar, Angad and Cherratia) is characterized by wide and thorny cladodes, the longest thorns and fruits of large size (202.5- 276.7 g). The group containing the varieties (Karama and Ghalia) is characterized by large cladodes (33.4-36.0/16.4-25.6 cm) and medium size fruits (98.5-115.6 g). Also, the periods of vegetative and floral budding, and flowering were the longest for Aakria and the shortest for Marjana. The period of fruit development was the longest for Aakria and the shortest for Marjana. In conclusion, these morphological and phenological variations among the eight cactus pear varieties identified as resistant to D. opuntiae in Morocco could be the subject of breeding programs.","PeriodicalId":54361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Professional Association for Cactus Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47587213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I am a herpetologist specializing on exotic animals and exotic plants psychology and behavior. I was travelling around Japan and through my travels I was lucky to spot an interesting history and use of a specific type of cactus. The city called Cactus City in Japan were the community celebrating and promoting the health benefits and to eat cactus and, they managed to pass a bill to introduce cactus as a food in schools. This unusual devotion towards to xerophytes, coming from a natural disaster which has put part of Japan in a position where they had to explore the unknown. I found not only an interesting story but a unique approach to life through nature and community.
{"title":"Cactus City, Kasugai","authors":"David I. Bacsek","doi":"10.56890/jpacd.v25i.531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56890/jpacd.v25i.531","url":null,"abstract":"I am a herpetologist specializing on exotic animals and exotic plants psychology and behavior. I was travelling around Japan and through my travels I was lucky to spot an interesting history and use of a specific type of cactus. The city called Cactus City in Japan were the community celebrating and promoting the health benefits and to eat cactus and, they managed to pass a bill to introduce cactus as a food in schools. This unusual devotion towards to xerophytes, coming from a natural disaster which has put part of Japan in a position where they had to explore the unknown. I found not only an interesting story but a unique approach to life through nature and community.","PeriodicalId":54361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Professional Association for Cactus Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43632886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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