Pub Date : 2022-12-16DOI: 10.24818/cts/4/2022/2.01
Daria-Roxana Theodoru, A. Schiopu
How did hospitality customers perceive the experience of going out during the global COVID-19 pandemic? What concerns did they have about hospitality providers? The purpose of this paper was to clarify how consumers perceived the pandemic and whether or not people feared infection when dining out. The first purpose was to determine how many people went out during the pandemic, and the second aim was to determine how they perceived the performance of the hospitality industry. To measure their perceptions, we proposed several variables: psychological well-being, expected positive emotions, expected negative emotions, desire to avoid, and customer satisfaction. The main objective was to investigate the correlation between the selected variables. For the study, a questionnaire was distributed to different target groups: Adolescents, adults, and middle-aged people. It was found that the population of Bucharest felt a need to socialize and go out during the pandemic rather than a reluctance to do so. This study highlights the importance of anticipated perceptions and how they influence consumers' final perceptions.
{"title":"CUSTOMER PERCEPTIONS ABOUT THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY\u0000DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC","authors":"Daria-Roxana Theodoru, A. Schiopu","doi":"10.24818/cts/4/2022/2.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24818/cts/4/2022/2.01","url":null,"abstract":"How did hospitality customers perceive the experience of going out during the global COVID-19 pandemic?\u0000What concerns did they have about hospitality providers? The purpose of this paper was to clarify how\u0000consumers perceived the pandemic and whether or not people feared infection when dining out. The first\u0000purpose was to determine how many people went out during the pandemic, and the second aim was to determine\u0000how they perceived the performance of the hospitality industry. To measure their perceptions, we proposed\u0000several variables: psychological well-being, expected positive emotions, expected negative emotions, desire to\u0000avoid, and customer satisfaction. The main objective was to investigate the correlation between the selected\u0000variables. For the study, a questionnaire was distributed to different target groups: Adolescents, adults, and\u0000middle-aged people. It was found that the population of Bucharest felt a need to socialize and go out during the\u0000pandemic rather than a reluctance to do so. This study highlights the importance of anticipated perceptions and\u0000how they influence consumers' final perceptions.","PeriodicalId":54361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Professional Association for Cactus Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82003765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-16DOI: 10.24818/cts/4/2022/2.05
Emilia Bățroș
The decision to start a business can be influenced by a wide range of factors. Several studies show the characteristics of full-time and part-time entrepreneurship, but few show the actual comparison of the two concepts. The aim of this research is to analyze the differences between the two forms of entrepreneurship from two perspectives: the current entrepreneurs' perspective and the students' perspective, in order to help people decide which form of entrepreneurship is the best. Based on qualitative and quantitative research, the results showed that the most important factors that influence the final decision to start a business are work experience, education, financial factor, work and time flexibility, and lifestyle. The SPSS results and t-tests on the students' character traits show that there are no significant differences among four of them, except for the trait "autonomy".
{"title":"ENTREPRENEURSHIP: A FULL TIME OR A PART TIME JOB?","authors":"Emilia Bățroș","doi":"10.24818/cts/4/2022/2.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24818/cts/4/2022/2.05","url":null,"abstract":"The decision to start a business can be influenced by a wide range of factors. Several studies show the\u0000characteristics of full-time and part-time entrepreneurship, but few show the actual comparison of the two\u0000concepts. The aim of this research is to analyze the differences between the two forms of entrepreneurship from\u0000two perspectives: the current entrepreneurs' perspective and the students' perspective, in order to help people\u0000decide which form of entrepreneurship is the best. Based on qualitative and quantitative research, the results\u0000showed that the most important factors that influence the final decision to start a business are work experience,\u0000education, financial factor, work and time flexibility, and lifestyle. The SPSS results and t-tests on the students'\u0000character traits show that there are no significant differences among four of them, except for the trait\u0000\"autonomy\".","PeriodicalId":54361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Professional Association for Cactus Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81429889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-16DOI: 10.24818/cts/4/2022/2.02
Shahriar Jeddy, Mohammad Reza Mashayekh, A. Rostami
In Iran, there has been a quantitative and qualitative increase in online businesses in recent years. However, despite the daily growth of virtual business networks, Iranian consumers regrettably do not have the confidence in such businesses that should be expected, but are still willing to buy products in person through traditional channels; financial transaction values, as well as the number of Internet users, were reported to be very low compared to developed countries. Therefore, the objective of the study was to investigate and verify what factors affect trust in buying online products. Considering the objective, the study was an applied descriptive research method with an analytical approach. The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) model was used to analyse the data using Partial Least Squares (PLS) Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The sample size for the study was 71 individuals who were screened through an online survey of PNU (Payame Noor University) students. The reliability of the questionnaire was examined using Cronbach's alpha. The results showed that there was a statistically positive significance between lack of integrity, lack of benevolence, lack of competence, and intention to trust. Meanwhile, the intention to trust was statistically significant with purchase intention. Consequently, it was suggested that e-tailers should try to improve the dimensions of their trustworthiness for ecustomers.
{"title":"THE PURCHASE OF ONLINE PRODUCTS: A REVIEW\u0000OF BARRIER EFFECTS ON TRUST INTENTIONS","authors":"Shahriar Jeddy, Mohammad Reza Mashayekh, A. Rostami","doi":"10.24818/cts/4/2022/2.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24818/cts/4/2022/2.02","url":null,"abstract":"In Iran, there has been a quantitative and qualitative increase in online businesses in recent years. However,\u0000despite the daily growth of virtual business networks, Iranian consumers regrettably do not have the confidence\u0000in such businesses that should be expected, but are still willing to buy products in person through traditional\u0000channels; financial transaction values, as well as the number of Internet users, were reported to be very low\u0000compared to developed countries. Therefore, the objective of the study was to investigate and verify what factors\u0000affect trust in buying online products. Considering the objective, the study was an applied descriptive research\u0000method with an analytical approach. The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) model was used to analyse the\u0000data using Partial Least Squares (PLS) Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The sample size for the study was\u000071 individuals who were screened through an online survey of PNU (Payame Noor University) students. The\u0000reliability of the questionnaire was examined using Cronbach's alpha. The results showed that there was a\u0000statistically positive significance between lack of integrity, lack of benevolence, lack of competence, and\u0000intention to trust. Meanwhile, the intention to trust was statistically significant with purchase intention.\u0000Consequently, it was suggested that e-tailers should try to improve the dimensions of their trustworthiness for ecustomers.","PeriodicalId":54361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Professional Association for Cactus Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80661800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. K. M. N. Alves, Alexandre Maniçoba da Rosa Ferraz Jardim, L. S. Souza, G. D. N. Araújo Júnior, C. P. Alves, G. G. Araújo, A. J. Steidle Neto, Kaique Renan da Silva Salvador, A. G. Pinheiro, T. G. F. Silva
Forage cactus cropping systems that include a combination of agricultural practices (cloning, irrigation, mulching and/or intercropping) can increase forage production and economic return in semi-arid environments. This study evaluated the effect on productivity, biological efficiency and economic return of combining different practices with forage cactus cropping systems in the semi-arid region of Brazil. The research was conducted in four experimental areas, in a randomised block design with four replications, and included the following practices: 1) clones – irrigation - cover, 2) different irrigation depths, 3) intercropping - mulching, and 4) different levels of mulch. The treatments in experiment I consisted of three cactus clones (‘Orelha de Elefante Mexicana’—OEM; ‘Miúda’—MIU and ‘IPA-Sertânia’—IPA), two water regimes (rainfed and irrigated), and two levels of mulch (with and without mulch). Experiment II comprised four irrigation depths (0, 40, 80 and 120% of the crop evapotranspiration) and three cactus clones. In experiment III, three crop arrangements (single cactus, cactus intercropped with millet, and single millet) were evaluated under two levels of mulching (with and without mulching). In experiment IV, four levels of mulch were used (0, 5, 10 and 15 Mg ha-1). The total number of cladodes per plant, fresh matter yield (YFM), dry matter yield (YDM), and final plant density were obtained when harvesting. Economic viability was assessed using the profitability index (PI). The rainfed systems showed greater yield. The use of mulch afforded greater productivity. The OEM clone (YFM = 310.76 Mg ha-1 and YDM = 29.87 Mg ha-1) obtained a higher yield than did the IPA and MIU clones. The highest PI values were achieved under the rainfed systems. The MIU and IPA clones exhibited lower PI values. The cactus-millet intercrop achieved the best performance with the use of mulch. Cactus systems of 15.0 Mg ha-1 showed a greater PI value. It was concluded that the integrated management of such practices as intercropping, mulching and the adoption of the OEM clone can increase the supply of forage. These practices can promote the sustainable intensification of forage input in Livestock Production Systems in semi-arid environments.
{"title":"Integrated management of agronomic practices in the forage cactus: maximising productivity, biological efficiency and economic profitability","authors":"H. K. M. N. Alves, Alexandre Maniçoba da Rosa Ferraz Jardim, L. S. Souza, G. D. N. Araújo Júnior, C. P. Alves, G. G. Araújo, A. J. Steidle Neto, Kaique Renan da Silva Salvador, A. G. Pinheiro, T. G. F. Silva","doi":"10.56890/jpacd.v24i.514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56890/jpacd.v24i.514","url":null,"abstract":"Forage cactus cropping systems that include a combination of agricultural practices (cloning, irrigation, mulching and/or intercropping) can increase forage production and economic return in semi-arid environments. This study evaluated the effect on productivity, biological efficiency and economic return of combining different practices with forage cactus cropping systems in the semi-arid region of Brazil. The research was conducted in four experimental areas, in a randomised block design with four replications, and included the following practices: 1) clones – irrigation - cover, 2) different irrigation depths, 3) intercropping - mulching, and 4) different levels of mulch. The treatments in experiment I consisted of three cactus clones (‘Orelha de Elefante Mexicana’—OEM; ‘Miúda’—MIU and ‘IPA-Sertânia’—IPA), two water regimes (rainfed and irrigated), and two levels of mulch (with and without mulch). Experiment II comprised four irrigation depths (0, 40, 80 and 120% of the crop evapotranspiration) and three cactus clones. In experiment III, three crop arrangements (single cactus, cactus intercropped with millet, and single millet) were evaluated under two levels of mulching (with and without mulching). In experiment IV, four levels of mulch were used (0, 5, 10 and 15 Mg ha-1). The total number of cladodes per plant, fresh matter yield (YFM), dry matter yield (YDM), and final plant density were obtained when harvesting. Economic viability was assessed using the profitability index (PI). The rainfed systems showed greater yield. The use of mulch afforded greater productivity. The OEM clone (YFM = 310.76 Mg ha-1 and YDM = 29.87 Mg ha-1) obtained a higher yield than did the IPA and MIU clones. The highest PI values were achieved under the rainfed systems. The MIU and IPA clones exhibited lower PI values. The cactus-millet intercrop achieved the best performance with the use of mulch. Cactus systems of 15.0 Mg ha-1 showed a greater PI value. It was concluded that the integrated management of such practices as intercropping, mulching and the adoption of the OEM clone can increase the supply of forage. These practices can promote the sustainable intensification of forage input in Livestock Production Systems in semi-arid environments.","PeriodicalId":54361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Professional Association for Cactus Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44327332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.), is called "beles" in the Tigray region of Ethiopia, where it is used for multiple purposes, such as food, fodder, and fences; however, in recent years the introduction of the cochineal (Dactylopius coccus Costa) to this region has caused it to become a plague that has affected thousands of hectares, causing an economic and social problem. Six cultivars: three from Opuntia ficus-indica (‘Atlixco’, ‘Chicomostoc’, and ‘Rojo Pelón’) and three others O. cochenillifera (‘Nopalea’ and ‘Bioplástico’) and O. robusta (‘Robusta’) were tested for resistance to D. coccus in completely randomized design (CRD) experiment with six replications under greenhouse conditions, for two seasons (cycles). Matured cladodes were infested by attaching a paper bag with ten ovipositing female D. coccus. The number of insects at different stages and yields were recorded, log transformed (insect count data), and subjected to statistical analysis. The number of nymphs (stages I and II) was significantly different in both cycles (P=0.0000). The insects died at the nymph I stage at ‘Rojo Pelón’ and ‘Robusta’, in contrast, they completed their life cycle at ‘Atlixco’, ‘Chicomostoc’, and ‘Nopalea’ cultivars. Insects at ‘Bioplástico’ cultivar remained in the nymph I stage the whole experimental period; the molting was hampered. Although some crawlers started settling (nymph I) at ‘Rojo Pelón’, they couldn’t survive and developed, and this confirms that this O. ficus-indica cultivar is resistant to D. coccus.
{"title":"Resistance of Opuntia ficus-indica cv ‘Rojo Pelon’ to Dactylopius coccus (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae) under greenhouse condition","authors":"Y. Berhe, L. Portillo, A. L. Vigueras-Guzmán","doi":"10.56890/jpacd.v24i.509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56890/jpacd.v24i.509","url":null,"abstract":"Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.), is called \"beles\" in the Tigray region of Ethiopia, where it is used for multiple purposes, such as food, fodder, and fences; however, in recent years the introduction of the cochineal (Dactylopius coccus Costa) to this region has caused it to become a plague that has affected thousands of hectares, causing an economic and social problem. Six cultivars: three from Opuntia ficus-indica (‘Atlixco’, ‘Chicomostoc’, and ‘Rojo Pelón’) and three others O. cochenillifera (‘Nopalea’ and ‘Bioplástico’) and O. robusta (‘Robusta’) were tested for resistance to D. coccus in completely randomized design (CRD) experiment with six replications under greenhouse conditions, for two seasons (cycles). Matured cladodes were infested by attaching a paper bag with ten ovipositing female D. coccus. The number of insects at different stages and yields were recorded, log transformed (insect count data), and subjected to statistical analysis. The number of nymphs (stages I and II) was significantly different in both cycles (P=0.0000). The insects died at the nymph I stage at ‘Rojo Pelón’ and ‘Robusta’, in contrast, they completed their life cycle at ‘Atlixco’, ‘Chicomostoc’, and ‘Nopalea’ cultivars. Insects at ‘Bioplástico’ cultivar remained in the nymph I stage the whole experimental period; the molting was hampered. Although some crawlers started settling (nymph I) at ‘Rojo Pelón’, they couldn’t survive and developed, and this confirms that this O. ficus-indica cultivar is resistant to D. coccus.","PeriodicalId":54361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Professional Association for Cactus Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46602747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Blanco-Macías, Jesús Salvador Rodríguez-Barrientos, M. Márquez-Madrid, A. Lara-Herrera, José Hernández-Martínez, Ricardo David Valdez Cepeda
The current state of knowledge on Opuntia ficus-indica nutrient requirements has important limitations. Macro-nutrient mean concentrations proposed as standards do not consider balances between (or among) elements, and the available compositional nutrient diagnosis norms are not supported by orthogonal references easy to estimate. We hypothesize that O. ficus-indica plants pose macro-nutrient requirements in terms of balanced compositions for producing fruits. The isometric log-ratios allowed us to test that O. ficus-indica variety ‘Rojo Pelón’ plants maximize fruit yield under the basis of true-negative (T-N) or macro-nutrient-balanced compositions in their 1-year-old cladodes. These T-N compositions can be estimated in a straightforward manner using two optimal delimiters, that is, the Mahalanobis distance across the involved isometric log-ratios linked with the highest value of Class Sum of Squares, and a target yield previously defined. When used as a target, these balanced compositions allowed us to identify that true-positive compositions were characterized by P deficiencies and N luxurious consumptions. Novel techniques to perform suitable recommendations based on correct diagnosis interpretation should be developed to address objectively the needed change to enhance the nutrient status of true-positive imbalanced compositions.
{"title":"Do macro-nutrient balanced compositions in a subspace of the ionome of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Miller maximize fruiting?","authors":"F. Blanco-Macías, Jesús Salvador Rodríguez-Barrientos, M. Márquez-Madrid, A. Lara-Herrera, José Hernández-Martínez, Ricardo David Valdez Cepeda","doi":"10.56890/jpacd.v24i.512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56890/jpacd.v24i.512","url":null,"abstract":"The current state of knowledge on Opuntia ficus-indica nutrient requirements has important limitations. Macro-nutrient mean concentrations proposed as standards do not consider balances between (or among) elements, and the available compositional nutrient diagnosis norms are not supported by orthogonal references easy to estimate. We hypothesize that O. ficus-indica plants pose macro-nutrient requirements in terms of balanced compositions for producing fruits. The isometric log-ratios allowed us to test that O. ficus-indica variety ‘Rojo Pelón’ plants maximize fruit yield under the basis of true-negative (T-N) or macro-nutrient-balanced compositions in their 1-year-old cladodes. These T-N compositions can be estimated in a straightforward manner using two optimal delimiters, that is, the Mahalanobis distance across the involved isometric log-ratios linked with the highest value of Class Sum of Squares, and a target yield previously defined. When used as a target, these balanced compositions allowed us to identify that true-positive compositions were characterized by P deficiencies and N luxurious consumptions. Novel techniques to perform suitable recommendations based on correct diagnosis interpretation should be developed to address objectively the needed change to enhance the nutrient status of true-positive imbalanced compositions.","PeriodicalId":54361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Professional Association for Cactus Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46102984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Valeria Itzel Reyes-Corral, R. González-Fernández, Miroslava Quiñónez-Martínez, J. Rodrigo-García, Gerardo Iván-Garza, José Valero Galvan
Cylindropuntia is a genus of cylindrical cacti found in northern Mexico. This study aimed to describe the fruit and seed morphometry, characterize the germination process, as well as determine the seed phytochemicals in three species of the genus Cylindropuntia from the state of Chihuahua in México: C. imbricata, C. spinosior, and C. leptocaulis. To measure the morphometric parameters, 20 fruits and 20 seeds from each fruit were used for each specie. For the characterization of the germination process, two scarification treatments were applied, and the germination was allowed for 42 days. Different parameters of the germination process were calculated as the germination percentage, mean germination time, germination speed, and mean germination speed. The concentration of reducing sugars, total phenols, tannins, flavonoids, antioxidant activity (DPPH and FRAP), and protein content were determined from seeds under basal conditions. Results revealed significant differences (p ? 0.05) for morphometric parameters in the fruit and seed of the three species examined, showing C. imbricata the highest values in both tissues, followed by those obtained for C. spinosior and C. leptocaulis, respectively. The germination percentage was higher in C. leptocaulis (13.3%), although achieved in a longer mean germination time (27.7 days), facing C. spinosior that presented the lowest values for the germination percentage (3.3%), mean germination time (4.6 days), and germination speed index (0.024 days). Seeds from C. leptocaulis showed the highest values for reducing sugar content (31.82 mg glucose·g?1 of dry weight) and the antioxidant activity determined by DPPH (26.37 mg CE·g?1of dry weight), whereas C. spinosior seeds showed the highest ones for the total phenols content (3.08 mg GAE·g?1 of dry weight) and the antioxidant activity determined by FRAP (11.7 mmol TE·g?1 dry weight). Besides, C. imbricata showed the highest value in the protein content (5.6 mg protein·g?1). This study provides the first data on seed phytochemicals and information on the germination process of these three species of Cylindropuntia, showing differences among them in the diverse parameters measured.
{"title":"Characterization of the morphometry, germination process, phytochemicals, and antioxidant capacity of seeds of three species of the genus Cylindropuntia (Cactacea) of Chihuahua state","authors":"Valeria Itzel Reyes-Corral, R. González-Fernández, Miroslava Quiñónez-Martínez, J. Rodrigo-García, Gerardo Iván-Garza, José Valero Galvan","doi":"10.56890/jpacd.v24i.506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56890/jpacd.v24i.506","url":null,"abstract":"Cylindropuntia is a genus of cylindrical cacti found in northern Mexico. This study aimed to describe the fruit and seed morphometry, characterize the germination process, as well as determine the seed phytochemicals in three species of the genus Cylindropuntia from the state of Chihuahua in México: C. imbricata, C. spinosior, and C. leptocaulis. To measure the morphometric parameters, 20 fruits and 20 seeds from each fruit were used for each specie. For the characterization of the germination process, two scarification treatments were applied, and the germination was allowed for 42 days. Different parameters of the germination process were calculated as the germination percentage, mean germination time, germination speed, and mean germination speed. The concentration of reducing sugars, total phenols, tannins, flavonoids, antioxidant activity (DPPH and FRAP), and protein content were determined from seeds under basal conditions. Results revealed significant differences (p ? 0.05) for morphometric parameters in the fruit and seed of the three species examined, showing C. imbricata the highest values in both tissues, followed by those obtained for C. spinosior and C. leptocaulis, respectively. The germination percentage was higher in C. leptocaulis (13.3%), although achieved in a longer mean germination time (27.7 days), facing C. spinosior that presented the lowest values for the germination percentage (3.3%), mean germination time (4.6 days), and germination speed index (0.024 days). Seeds from C. leptocaulis showed the highest values for reducing sugar content (31.82 mg glucose·g?1 of dry weight) and the antioxidant activity determined by DPPH (26.37 mg CE·g?1of dry weight), whereas C. spinosior seeds showed the highest ones for the total phenols content (3.08 mg GAE·g?1 of dry weight) and the antioxidant activity determined by FRAP (11.7 mmol TE·g?1 dry weight). Besides, C. imbricata showed the highest value in the protein content (5.6 mg protein·g?1). This study provides the first data on seed phytochemicals and information on the germination process of these three species of Cylindropuntia, showing differences among them in the diverse parameters measured.","PeriodicalId":54361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Professional Association for Cactus Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47194020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ruy Ortiz-Rodríguez, Jessica Tamara Ahumada-Garcini, Rosa Elena Pérez‐Sánchez, P. García-Saucedo, H. Martínez‐Flores, D. Val-Arreola
The objective was to evaluate and schematically characterize the physicochemical changes of nopal (Opuntia ficus-indica) due to steam cooking at different times. Cladodes were cut into pieces (25 x 30 x 15 mm) and mixed to obtain four samples of 1250 g each on a fresh basis and randomly assigned to each treatment: T1 or Control; T2, cooking for 4 min; T3, for 7 min; and T4, for 10 min. After cooking, samples were dehydrated, and then a proximal chemical analysis was performed. The data were analyzed through a fixed-effect model, and the differences between treatments were obtained by least-squares means. Correlation analysis of chemical components was conducted. T2, T3, and T4 showed higher values of protein (?16.0/ 100 g DM), lipids (?1.3 g/100 g DM), and nitrogen-free extract (?20.2 g/100 g DM) than T1; whereas dietary fiber (? 33.6 g/100 g DM) and insoluble fiber (? 22.0 g/100 g DM) in these were lower than T1. Soluble fiber decreased in T3 and T4 (5.9 and 5.5 g/100 g DM, respectively) but increased in T2 (14.5 g/100 g DM). In this study, steam cooking at 100 °C modified the chemical composition of nopal (O. ficus-indica) suggesting that cooking for 4 min might help to preserve cladode components.
目的是评估和示意性地表征不同时间蒸汽烹饪引起的仙人掌（Opuntia ficus indica）的理化变化。将包层切成块（25 x 30 x 15 mm）并混合以获得四个样品，每个样品1250 g，并随机分配到每个处理：T1或对照；T2，烹饪4分钟；T3，持续7分钟；和T4，持续10分钟。烹饪后，将样品脱水，然后进行近端化学分析。通过固定效应模型对数据进行分析，并通过最小二乘法获得处理之间的差异。进行了化学成分的相关性分析。T2、T3和T4的蛋白质（？16.0/100 g DM）、脂质（？1.3 g/100 g DM）和无氮提取物（？20.2 g/100 g DM）的值高于T1；而膳食纤维（？33.6 g/100 g DM）和不溶性纤维（？22.0 g/100 g DM）均低于T1。可溶性纤维在T3和T4下降（分别为5.9和5.5 g/100 g DM），但在T2增加（14.5 g/100 g DM）。在这项研究中，100°C下的蒸汽烹饪改变了番荔枝的化学成分，这表明烹饪4分钟可能有助于保存枝节成分。
{"title":"Evaluation of physicochemical changes of Nopal (Opuntia ficus-indica) at different steam cooking times","authors":"Ruy Ortiz-Rodríguez, Jessica Tamara Ahumada-Garcini, Rosa Elena Pérez‐Sánchez, P. García-Saucedo, H. Martínez‐Flores, D. Val-Arreola","doi":"10.56890/jpacd.v24i.436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56890/jpacd.v24i.436","url":null,"abstract":"The objective was to evaluate and schematically characterize the physicochemical changes of nopal (Opuntia ficus-indica) due to steam cooking at different times. Cladodes were cut into pieces (25 x 30 x 15 mm) and mixed to obtain four samples of 1250 g each on a fresh basis and randomly assigned to each treatment: T1 or Control; T2, cooking for 4 min; T3, for 7 min; and T4, for 10 min. After cooking, samples were dehydrated, and then a proximal chemical analysis was performed. The data were analyzed through a fixed-effect model, and the differences between treatments were obtained by least-squares means. Correlation analysis of chemical components was conducted. T2, T3, and T4 showed higher values of protein (?16.0/ 100 g DM), lipids (?1.3 g/100 g DM), and nitrogen-free extract (?20.2 g/100 g DM) than T1; whereas dietary fiber (? 33.6 g/100 g DM) and insoluble fiber (? 22.0 g/100 g DM) in these were lower than T1. Soluble fiber decreased in T3 and T4 (5.9 and 5.5 g/100 g DM, respectively) but increased in T2 (14.5 g/100 g DM). In this study, steam cooking at 100 °C modified the chemical composition of nopal (O. ficus-indica) suggesting that cooking for 4 min might help to preserve cladode components.","PeriodicalId":54361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Professional Association for Cactus Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48213310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lady Daiane Costa de-Souza, Kelem Silva-Fonseca, Andréa Silva-Brrito, Yara Panta-de Araújo, Jheizon Feitoza Do Nascimento-Souza, Lucas Vínicius Pierre-de Andrada, Adriano N. Simões
The objective was to carry out a physicochemical characterization of the mucilage obtained from different sizes of cladodes harvested at different times. Nopalea cochenillifera Salm Dyck cladodes were collected in two sizes (100 to 230 and 240 to 300 mm), at two different times (6 am and 8 pm), and processed for mucilage extraction. This was dried in an oven, and then hydrated and kept at 5 °C for 12 days. The mucilage yield after harvest was quantified, in addition to the characterization of the main bands in the infrared region. In the mucilage, the following physicochemical analyzes were performed: K+ and Na+ content, electrical conductivity, titratable acidity, pH, total phenolic compounds, vitamin C, total soluble solids, total soluble carbohydrates, total soluble proteins after harvest (day 0), and to the 12 days of storage at 5 ºC. Correlation between the variables was determined through principal component analysis (PCA). The highest mucilage yield was obtained in cladodes harvested at 6 am, regardless of size. The 6 am harvest showed higher acidity and protein content and lower concentrations of soluble solids, EC, Na+, K+, vitamin C, carbohydrates, and phenolic compounds. In conservation, the mucilage of the cladodes with sizes between 100 and 230 mm and the harvest at 6 am showed greater stability. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed a tendency of formed groups between different sizes, harvest times, and conservation days, indicating that different conditions for obtaining the cladodes result in differences in the composition and stability of the mucilage. Thus, the results show that, in addition to the climatic conditions, as proposed by other authors, the harvest time and the size of the cladode modulate the physicochemical and important ion composition and stability, which can change the technological and industrial applications of mucilage.
{"title":"Size and harvest time of cladodes modulate the composition and physicochemical stability of prickly pear cactus mucilage","authors":"Lady Daiane Costa de-Souza, Kelem Silva-Fonseca, Andréa Silva-Brrito, Yara Panta-de Araújo, Jheizon Feitoza Do Nascimento-Souza, Lucas Vínicius Pierre-de Andrada, Adriano N. Simões","doi":"10.56890/jpacd.v24i.508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56890/jpacd.v24i.508","url":null,"abstract":"The objective was to carry out a physicochemical characterization of the mucilage obtained from different sizes of cladodes harvested at different times. Nopalea cochenillifera Salm Dyck cladodes were collected in two sizes (100 to 230 and 240 to 300 mm), at two different times (6 am and 8 pm), and processed for mucilage extraction. This was dried in an oven, and then hydrated and kept at 5 °C for 12 days. The mucilage yield after harvest was quantified, in addition to the characterization of the main bands in the infrared region. In the mucilage, the following physicochemical analyzes were performed: K+ and Na+ content, electrical conductivity, titratable acidity, pH, total phenolic compounds, vitamin C, total soluble solids, total soluble carbohydrates, total soluble proteins after harvest (day 0), and to the 12 days of storage at 5 ºC. Correlation between the variables was determined through principal component analysis (PCA). The highest mucilage yield was obtained in cladodes harvested at 6 am, regardless of size. The 6 am harvest showed higher acidity and protein content and lower concentrations of soluble solids, EC, Na+, K+, vitamin C, carbohydrates, and phenolic compounds. In conservation, the mucilage of the cladodes with sizes between 100 and 230 mm and the harvest at 6 am showed greater stability. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed a tendency of formed groups between different sizes, harvest times, and conservation days, indicating that different conditions for obtaining the cladodes result in differences in the composition and stability of the mucilage. Thus, the results show that, in addition to the climatic conditions, as proposed by other authors, the harvest time and the size of the cladode modulate the physicochemical and important ion composition and stability, which can change the technological and industrial applications of mucilage.","PeriodicalId":54361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Professional Association for Cactus Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45724946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. R. Morales-Maldonado, M. Gutiérrez-Rojas, R. Holguín-Peña, Daniel Ruiz-Juárez, Jorge Luis Vega-Chávez, Ana Cristina Reyes-Godoy
Mexico has 159 species of Agave spp. In the agri-food industry stand out are Agave tequilana, A. angustifolia, and A. salmiana. A limitation to producing maguey seedlings is the low availability of organic substrates that favor plant adaptation in the field. The objective was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) found in substrates in response to vegetative and root growth of A. salmiana in agricultural areas of Huichapan, Hidalgo, Mexico. The treatment consisted of earthworm humus (EH) and leaf compost (LC) substrates with materials from the region with different percentages of EH (100, 75, 50%), LC (5, 10%), and sand (20, 40%). The treatments were applied with 14 random replications in two phases in seeds and 40-day-seedlings. The variables evaluated were NPK amount and pH in substrates. The physiological variables measured were plant height, leaf number, stem diameter, root length, and volume. Significant differences (P?0.05) were observed in seedling physiology due to the effect of the treatment. The best agronomic responses (plant growth and root length/weight) of Agave seedlings were T5 (75% earthworm humus + 20% sand + 5% leaf-soil) and T6 (50% earthworm humus + 40% sand + 10% leaf-soil); in both treatments, the NPK percentages were different from the control (Haplic Phaeozem soil) group. The final concentration of NPK in T6 was N = 0.04%, P = 398.13 mg Kg-1 and K = 11.88 meq 100g-1. The results infer that NPK availability in soil and progressive acidification (initial pH = 8.6, final pH = 7.4) of the substrate can favorably influence the plant response. The interactions between NPK availability in the substrate and their use for a better response in maguey seedling adaptability open up new lines of research on the productive systems in the region of Huichapan, Hidalgo, Mexico.
{"title":"Effect of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium on regional organic substrates in Agave salmiana production in Huichapan, Hidalgo, Mexico","authors":"E. R. Morales-Maldonado, M. Gutiérrez-Rojas, R. Holguín-Peña, Daniel Ruiz-Juárez, Jorge Luis Vega-Chávez, Ana Cristina Reyes-Godoy","doi":"10.56890/jpacd.v24i.511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56890/jpacd.v24i.511","url":null,"abstract":"Mexico has 159 species of Agave spp. In the agri-food industry stand out are Agave tequilana, A. angustifolia, and A. salmiana. A limitation to producing maguey seedlings is the low availability of organic substrates that favor plant adaptation in the field. The objective was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) found in substrates in response to vegetative and root growth of A. salmiana in agricultural areas of Huichapan, Hidalgo, Mexico. The treatment consisted of earthworm humus (EH) and leaf compost (LC) substrates with materials from the region with different percentages of EH (100, 75, 50%), LC (5, 10%), and sand (20, 40%). The treatments were applied with 14 random replications in two phases in seeds and 40-day-seedlings. The variables evaluated were NPK amount and pH in substrates. The physiological variables measured were plant height, leaf number, stem diameter, root length, and volume. Significant differences (P?0.05) were observed in seedling physiology due to the effect of the treatment. The best agronomic responses (plant growth and root length/weight) of Agave seedlings were T5 (75% earthworm humus + 20% sand + 5% leaf-soil) and T6 (50% earthworm humus + 40% sand + 10% leaf-soil); in both treatments, the NPK percentages were different from the control (Haplic Phaeozem soil) group. The final concentration of NPK in T6 was N = 0.04%, P = 398.13 mg Kg-1 and K = 11.88 meq 100g-1. The results infer that NPK availability in soil and progressive acidification (initial pH = 8.6, final pH = 7.4) of the substrate can favorably influence the plant response. The interactions between NPK availability in the substrate and their use for a better response in maguey seedling adaptability open up new lines of research on the productive systems in the region of Huichapan, Hidalgo, Mexico.","PeriodicalId":54361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Professional Association for Cactus Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45764808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：