Plant propagules are crucial flora memory materials in restoration practice. Awakening flora memory from plant propagules (i.e. seeds, root fragments, rhizomes, corms, and tubers) in the translocated topsoil from a donor site is a rapid method for forest restoration on degraded sites globally. However, it remains unclear to what extent manageable measures, such as light reduction and watering, affect flora memory awakening. We employed a quadratic saturation D‐optimal design in a forest topsoil translocation experiment to quantify the effects of light reduction and watering on flora memory awakening. We used the cumulative number and richness of plantlets emerging from plant propagules to represent the extent of flora memory awakening. Our results show that any combinations of light reduction and watering significantly increased both the cumulative number and richness of plantlets across different life forms. Light reduction had a significantly more positive effect on flora memory awakening than watering. Different life forms exhibited different parabolic or positive linear relationships in responses to light reduction and watering. Light reduction of about 60% of the degraded site and watering of about 80% of the donor site resulted in the highest number and richness of plantlets. We concluded that light reduction and watering combinations were effective in kick‐starting the flora memory awakening in a semiarid subtropical forest after topsoil translocation.
{"title":"Light reduction and watering enhance flora memory awakening after forest topsoil translocation","authors":"Chuang Yuan, Gaojuan Zhao, Youxin Shen, Fajun Chen, Xiaoying Xu, Xun Fu, Ya Lan, Zhengjun Hou, Yibo Guo, Xiai Zhu","doi":"10.1111/rec.14244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.14244","url":null,"abstract":"Plant propagules are crucial flora memory materials in restoration practice. Awakening flora memory from plant propagules (i.e. seeds, root fragments, rhizomes, corms, and tubers) in the translocated topsoil from a donor site is a rapid method for forest restoration on degraded sites globally. However, it remains unclear to what extent manageable measures, such as light reduction and watering, affect flora memory awakening. We employed a quadratic saturation D‐optimal design in a forest topsoil translocation experiment to quantify the effects of light reduction and watering on flora memory awakening. We used the cumulative number and richness of plantlets emerging from plant propagules to represent the extent of flora memory awakening. Our results show that any combinations of light reduction and watering significantly increased both the cumulative number and richness of plantlets across different life forms. Light reduction had a significantly more positive effect on flora memory awakening than watering. Different life forms exhibited different parabolic or positive linear relationships in responses to light reduction and watering. Light reduction of about 60% of the degraded site and watering of about 80% of the donor site resulted in the highest number and richness of plantlets. We concluded that light reduction and watering combinations were effective in kick‐starting the flora memory awakening in a semiarid subtropical forest after topsoil translocation.","PeriodicalId":54487,"journal":{"name":"Restoration Ecology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141930462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Clara Milano, Daniel Roberto Pérez, María Cecilia Scarfó, Dana Aylen Rodríguez, Selva Yanet Cuppari, Alejandro Loydi
For ecological restoration of degraded grasslands, species selection and knowledge of the species biology are essential. Seed germination and seedling establishment, as well as seed regenerative traits, can partially determine direct seeding success in this context. The objectives of this study are (1) to characterize the seeds of 29 native forage species of the Pampa Austral grasslands, (2) to evaluate their germination and emergence, and (3) to evaluate the relationship between germination and emergence and seed traits (mass, length, width, and length/width ratio), to test the usefulness of these traits for rapid species selection. We studied the germination percentage of untreated (UG) and treated (TG) seeds under laboratory conditions of 29 native forage species (four legumes, nine cool season, and 16 warm‐season grasses) and the percentage of field emergence (FE) for 17 of those species, selected based on their UG. Additionally, all species were characterized, including thousand‐seed mass, length, width, and length/width ratio. Average UG was 53.30 ± 3.17% for Poaceae and 25.63 ± 5.73% for Fabaceae. Four cool season and eight warm‐season grasses had UG greater than 60%. Mean FE was 35.18 ± 0.66% 2 months after sowing. FE has a direct relationship with seed mass (r2 = 0.69; p < 0.001), while this relationship was not observed for UG under laboratory conditions (r2 = 0.15; p = 0.7174). In Pampa Austral grasslands, seed mass proved to be a relevant trait for species selection given its strong relationship with FE.
要恢复退化草地的生态，物种选择和物种生物学知识至关重要。在这种情况下，种子的萌发和幼苗的建立以及种子的再生特性可以部分地决定直接播种的成功与否。本研究的目的是：(1) 分析澳大利亚潘帕草原 29 种原生牧草种子的特征；(2) 评估其发芽率和出苗率；(3) 评估发芽率和出苗率与种子性状（质量、长度、宽度和长宽比）之间的关系，以检验这些性状是否有助于快速选择物种。我们研究了 29 种本地牧草（4 种豆科植物、9 种冷季型牧草和 16 种暖季型牧草）在实验室条件下未经处理（UG）和经处理（TG）种子的萌发率，以及根据其 UG 挑选出的其中 17 种牧草的田间萌发率（FE）。此外，还对所有物种进行了特征描述，包括千粒重、长度、宽度和长宽比。草本植物的平均 UG 为 53.30 ± 3.17%，豆科植物的平均 UG 为 25.63 ± 5.73%。4 种冷季型和 8 种暖季型禾本科植物的 UG 大于 60%。播种 2 个月后，平均 FE 为 35.18 ± 0.66%。FE与种子质量有直接关系（r2 = 0.69; p <0.001），而在实验室条件下，UG没有观察到这种关系（r2 = 0.15; p = 0.7174）。在南潘帕草原，种子质量被证明是物种选择的一个相关性状，因为它与FE有密切关系。
{"title":"Seed mass affects emergence but not germination in native grassland forage species","authors":"Clara Milano, Daniel Roberto Pérez, María Cecilia Scarfó, Dana Aylen Rodríguez, Selva Yanet Cuppari, Alejandro Loydi","doi":"10.1111/rec.14248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.14248","url":null,"abstract":"For ecological restoration of degraded grasslands, species selection and knowledge of the species biology are essential. Seed germination and seedling establishment, as well as seed regenerative traits, can partially determine direct seeding success in this context. The objectives of this study are (1) to characterize the seeds of 29 native forage species of the Pampa Austral grasslands, (2) to evaluate their germination and emergence, and (3) to evaluate the relationship between germination and emergence and seed traits (mass, length, width, and length/width ratio), to test the usefulness of these traits for rapid species selection. We studied the germination percentage of untreated (UG) and treated (TG) seeds under laboratory conditions of 29 native forage species (four legumes, nine cool season, and 16 warm‐season grasses) and the percentage of field emergence (FE) for 17 of those species, selected based on their UG. Additionally, all species were characterized, including thousand‐seed mass, length, width, and length/width ratio. Average UG was 53.30 ± 3.17% for Poaceae and 25.63 ± 5.73% for Fabaceae. Four cool season and eight warm‐season grasses had UG greater than 60%. Mean FE was 35.18 ± 0.66% 2 months after sowing. FE has a direct relationship with seed mass (<jats:italic>r</jats:italic><jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 0.69; <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.001), while this relationship was not observed for UG under laboratory conditions (<jats:italic>r</jats:italic><jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 0.15; <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.7174). In Pampa Austral grasslands, seed mass proved to be a relevant trait for species selection given its strong relationship with FE.","PeriodicalId":54487,"journal":{"name":"Restoration Ecology","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141930465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lauren E. Wiesebron, Chui H. Cheng, P. Lodewijk M. de Vet, Brenda Walles, Susanne van Donk, Jeroen van Dalen, Wietse van de Lageweg, Tom Ysebaert, Tjeerd J. Bouma
Restoration engineering measures, such as managed realignments or building groins, modify the environmental characteristics of coastal intertidal ecosystems. Creating physical modifications that are beneficial to an intertidal system's ecology necessitates an in‐depth understanding of the relationships between the abiotic and biotic components of a given intertidal habitat. In this study, we evaluate how hydrodynamics and sediment characteristics drive the development of the benthic macrofauna community during the first 5 years following engineering measures to enhance benthic macrofauna diversity at three locations. The creation of low‐energy habitats through groins (Knuitershoek and Baalhoek) and a managed realignment dike breach (Perkpolder) led to the accumulation of fine sediments in all three impact sites. Biomass of benthic macrofauna quickly increased between 2016 and 2020, with successional processes being more important in Perkpolder, where the habitat was started completely from scratch due to a managed realignment, than at Knuitershoek or Baalhoek, where habitat conditions were improved by adding groins. In addition, the density of benthos‐eating birds, especially oystercatchers, increased at some of the modified sites. While a low‐energy habitat may harbor more diverse assemblages of benthic macrofauna than a highly dynamic one, the extremely high silt content, which is typical for low‐energy habitats, may slow benthic community development. The observed increase of biomass at our impact sites highlights the value of the interventions, while the delays in the response of the benthic macrofauna community emphasizes the need for extensive monitoring both in time and space and the identification of underlying abiotic–biotic mechanisms.
{"title":"How restoration engineering measures can enhance the ecological value of intertidal flats","authors":"Lauren E. Wiesebron, Chui H. Cheng, P. Lodewijk M. de Vet, Brenda Walles, Susanne van Donk, Jeroen van Dalen, Wietse van de Lageweg, Tom Ysebaert, Tjeerd J. Bouma","doi":"10.1111/rec.14247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.14247","url":null,"abstract":"Restoration engineering measures, such as managed realignments or building groins, modify the environmental characteristics of coastal intertidal ecosystems. Creating physical modifications that are beneficial to an intertidal system's ecology necessitates an in‐depth understanding of the relationships between the abiotic and biotic components of a given intertidal habitat. In this study, we evaluate how hydrodynamics and sediment characteristics drive the development of the benthic macrofauna community during the first 5 years following engineering measures to enhance benthic macrofauna diversity at three locations. The creation of low‐energy habitats through groins (Knuitershoek and Baalhoek) and a managed realignment dike breach (Perkpolder) led to the accumulation of fine sediments in all three impact sites. Biomass of benthic macrofauna quickly increased between 2016 and 2020, with successional processes being more important in Perkpolder, where the habitat was started completely from scratch due to a managed realignment, than at Knuitershoek or Baalhoek, where habitat conditions were improved by adding groins. In addition, the density of benthos‐eating birds, especially oystercatchers, increased at some of the modified sites. While a low‐energy habitat may harbor more diverse assemblages of benthic macrofauna than a highly dynamic one, the extremely high silt content, which is typical for low‐energy habitats, may slow benthic community development. The observed increase of biomass at our impact sites highlights the value of the interventions, while the delays in the response of the benthic macrofauna community emphasizes the need for extensive monitoring both in time and space and the identification of underlying abiotic–biotic mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":54487,"journal":{"name":"Restoration Ecology","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141930460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A major factor hindering ecological restoration is uncertainty about which plant species will best establish. We account for this uncertainty in the design of seed mixes, though our developments are relevant to other planting mixes (e.g. root stock). We view seed mixes as being comprised of one or more species groups (e.g. shrubs, grasses, and nitrogen fixers). We mathematically establish that chances of relatively low densities decline as a species group's seeding rate (e.g. 100 seeds/m2) is divided more evenly among more species. This decline is sharpest if survival probabilities vary widely among species. To determine how much survival probabilities typically vary, we studied grasses commonly seeded in Great Plains grasslands and Mediterranean annual grasslands in the western United States. Survival probabilities varied extensively, so the chances of low densities declined markedly with increasing seeded species numbers. In the Great Plains, the chances of establishment failures (0 plants/m2) were 50% when the seeding rate was allocated to one species versus 0% when the seeding rate was divided evenly among five or more species. Similarly, in Mediterranean annual grasslands, the chances of very low densities (≤1.0 plants/m2) declined from 24% when one species was seeded to 0% when three or more species were seeded. The seeding rate for each plant group should be divided as evenly as possible among as many species as practical. Compared to increasing seeding rates to provide greater densities, dividing fixed rates more evenly among more species could prove less expensive.
{"title":"Theory of seed mix design with applications to ecological restoration","authors":"Matthew J. Rinella, Jeremy J. James","doi":"10.1111/rec.14234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.14234","url":null,"abstract":"A major factor hindering ecological restoration is uncertainty about which plant species will best establish. We account for this uncertainty in the design of seed mixes, though our developments are relevant to other planting mixes (e.g. root stock). We view seed mixes as being comprised of one or more species groups (e.g. shrubs, grasses, and nitrogen fixers). We mathematically establish that chances of relatively low densities decline as a species group's seeding rate (e.g. 100 seeds/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>) is divided more evenly among more species. This decline is sharpest if survival probabilities vary widely among species. To determine how much survival probabilities typically vary, we studied grasses commonly seeded in Great Plains grasslands and Mediterranean annual grasslands in the western United States. Survival probabilities varied extensively, so the chances of low densities declined markedly with increasing seeded species numbers. In the Great Plains, the chances of establishment failures (0 plants/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>) were 50% when the seeding rate was allocated to one species versus 0% when the seeding rate was divided evenly among five or more species. Similarly, in Mediterranean annual grasslands, the chances of very low densities (≤1.0 plants/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>) declined from 24% when one species was seeded to 0% when three or more species were seeded. The seeding rate for each plant group should be divided as evenly as possible among as many species as practical. Compared to increasing seeding rates to provide greater densities, dividing fixed rates more evenly among more species could prove less expensive.","PeriodicalId":54487,"journal":{"name":"Restoration Ecology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141883041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Richard H. Bulmer, Phoebe J. Stewart‐Sinclair, Orlando Lam‐Gordillo, Stephanie Mangan, Luitgard Schwendenmann, Carolyn J. Lundquist
Coastal marine habitats (i.e. mangroves, saltmarshes, and seagrasses) have a high capacity for carbon sequestration (termed “blue carbon”) and the potential to reduce the effects of greenhouse gas emissions. However, blue carbon habitats have historically decreased as a consequence of land conversion, coastal development, and pollution and are under threat in many locations. Restoration of these habitats can reverse historic losses and generate carbon credits through increased carbon sequestration. With a long coastline, we hypothesized that there would be significant opportunities for coastal blue carbon in Aotearoa New Zealand. Results revealed Aotearoa estuaries and coastal areas contain approximately 20,932 ha of saltmarsh, 30,533 ha of mangrove, and 61,340 ha of seagrass, estimated to sequester a total of approximately 57,800 tC/year. A further 87,861 ha of land was estimated to be potentially suitable for blue carbon projects via tidal restoration, of which 44,149 ha was suitable for saltmarsh restoration (equivalent to 47,239 tC/year if restored), 17,291 ha was suitable for mangroves (26,455 tC/year), and 14,087 ha was suitable for seagrass (4790 tC/year). Both existing extent and restoration opportunity varied throughout the country, with greater opportunity in some regions than others. Nationwide, the total sequestration potential for blue carbon restoration was estimated at 91,680 tC yr−1 if all potential areas were restored. Carbon credits generated by blue carbon projects could be traded on a carbon market in Aotearoa, generate revenue for landowners, provide an additional pathway to meet domestic and international climate change targets, and result in a diversity of other ecological, social, and cultural co‐benefits from coastal restoration.
{"title":"Blue carbon habitats in Aotearoa New Zealand—opportunities for conservation, restoration, and carbon sequestration","authors":"Richard H. Bulmer, Phoebe J. Stewart‐Sinclair, Orlando Lam‐Gordillo, Stephanie Mangan, Luitgard Schwendenmann, Carolyn J. Lundquist","doi":"10.1111/rec.14225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.14225","url":null,"abstract":"Coastal marine habitats (i.e. mangroves, saltmarshes, and seagrasses) have a high capacity for carbon sequestration (termed “blue carbon”) and the potential to reduce the effects of greenhouse gas emissions. However, blue carbon habitats have historically decreased as a consequence of land conversion, coastal development, and pollution and are under threat in many locations. Restoration of these habitats can reverse historic losses and generate carbon credits through increased carbon sequestration. With a long coastline, we hypothesized that there would be significant opportunities for coastal blue carbon in Aotearoa New Zealand. Results revealed Aotearoa estuaries and coastal areas contain approximately 20,932 ha of saltmarsh, 30,533 ha of mangrove, and 61,340 ha of seagrass, estimated to sequester a total of approximately 57,800 tC/year. A further 87,861 ha of land was estimated to be potentially suitable for blue carbon projects via tidal restoration, of which 44,149 ha was suitable for saltmarsh restoration (equivalent to 47,239 tC/year if restored), 17,291 ha was suitable for mangroves (26,455 tC/year), and 14,087 ha was suitable for seagrass (4790 tC/year). Both existing extent and restoration opportunity varied throughout the country, with greater opportunity in some regions than others. Nationwide, the total sequestration potential for blue carbon restoration was estimated at 91,680 tC yr<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> if all potential areas were restored. Carbon credits generated by blue carbon projects could be traded on a carbon market in Aotearoa, generate revenue for landowners, provide an additional pathway to meet domestic and international climate change targets, and result in a diversity of other ecological, social, and cultural co‐benefits from coastal restoration.","PeriodicalId":54487,"journal":{"name":"Restoration Ecology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141871265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael Bogan, Hamdhani Hamdhani, Drew Eppehimer, Kelsey Hollien, Brian Gill
Freshwater species face numerous threats across the globe, including urbanization. Within cities in regions with drier climates, dewatering and channelization of rivers commonly occur and reduce or eliminate freshwater biodiversity. The discharge of effluent (treated wastewater) has been used to restore flow in some of these rivers, but our knowledge is negligible about how ecological communities develop and change in these unique but increasingly common ecosystems. In this study, we quantified aquatic macroinvertebrate community development in the Santa Cruz River (Arizona, U.S.A.), where effluent‐restored flow more than 100 years after the river dried up. We tracked community development over a 2‐year period in reaches where flow had been restored and compared those findings with data from a reference reach. Our study period also encompassed a massive disturbance where effluent releases temporarily ceased and sediment was dredged from the channel, allowing us to quantify the impacts of urban channel maintenance activities on recovering communities. Macroinvertebrate colonization was rapid following the initial flow restoration and channel dredging, with density and species richness values reaching or exceeding those of the reference reach within a few months, but community composition remained quite distinct after 2 years. Flow duration and the number of dry days in the month prior to sampling were the most influential factors in macroinvertebrate metrics. Simply adding effluent to dewatered urban rivers has the potential to restore diverse aquatic fauna, but targeted reintroductions may be needed for sensitive or dispersal‐limited taxa.
{"title":"Macroinvertebrate community development and resilience to channel dredging following flow restoration using effluent in an urban desert river","authors":"Michael Bogan, Hamdhani Hamdhani, Drew Eppehimer, Kelsey Hollien, Brian Gill","doi":"10.1111/rec.14250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.14250","url":null,"abstract":"Freshwater species face numerous threats across the globe, including urbanization. Within cities in regions with drier climates, dewatering and channelization of rivers commonly occur and reduce or eliminate freshwater biodiversity. The discharge of effluent (treated wastewater) has been used to restore flow in some of these rivers, but our knowledge is negligible about how ecological communities develop and change in these unique but increasingly common ecosystems. In this study, we quantified aquatic macroinvertebrate community development in the Santa Cruz River (Arizona, U.S.A.), where effluent‐restored flow more than 100 years after the river dried up. We tracked community development over a 2‐year period in reaches where flow had been restored and compared those findings with data from a reference reach. Our study period also encompassed a massive disturbance where effluent releases temporarily ceased and sediment was dredged from the channel, allowing us to quantify the impacts of urban channel maintenance activities on recovering communities. Macroinvertebrate colonization was rapid following the initial flow restoration and channel dredging, with density and species richness values reaching or exceeding those of the reference reach within a few months, but community composition remained quite distinct after 2 years. Flow duration and the number of dry days in the month prior to sampling were the most influential factors in macroinvertebrate metrics. Simply adding effluent to dewatered urban rivers has the potential to restore diverse aquatic fauna, but targeted reintroductions may be needed for sensitive or dispersal‐limited taxa.","PeriodicalId":54487,"journal":{"name":"Restoration Ecology","volume":"362 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141871267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An increasing number of countries are adopting net‐zero‐emissions targets requiring large‐scale removal of CO2‐e through ecological restoration. Are these plans feasible, and will they transform the realm of restoration ecology? We use Australia's plan for net‐zero emissions as a test case. Widespread degradation across Australia's ecoregions, from savannas to seagrasses, provide opportunities for restoration, producing “negative emissions.” The basic science on carbon stocks and flows is available. However, large gaps in the existing measurement methods obscures failure, or fails to incentivize action and the potential for emissions reductions is unknown. Other countries intentions for emissions coverage is currently unknown and extensive use of land for carbon abatement could cause leakage of Australia's agricultural emissions offshore. A key risk is the permanence of ecosystem carbon under a changing climate. Considering its heavy reliance on ecological restoration, these risks and unknowns suggest that Australia's plan is not, or at least not yet, feasible.
{"title":"Australia's zero emissions target requires ecological restoration at the continental scale, but there are two big unknowns and one major risk","authors":"Greg Barber, Andrew Edwards, Kerstin K. Zander","doi":"10.1111/rec.14243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.14243","url":null,"abstract":"An increasing number of countries are adopting net‐zero‐emissions targets requiring large‐scale removal of CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>‐e through ecological restoration. Are these plans feasible, and will they transform the realm of restoration ecology? We use Australia's plan for net‐zero emissions as a test case. Widespread degradation across Australia's ecoregions, from savannas to seagrasses, provide opportunities for restoration, producing “negative emissions.” The basic science on carbon stocks and flows is available. However, large gaps in the existing measurement methods obscures failure, or fails to incentivize action and the potential for emissions reductions is unknown. Other countries intentions for emissions coverage is currently unknown and extensive use of land for carbon abatement could cause leakage of Australia's agricultural emissions offshore. A key risk is the permanence of ecosystem carbon under a changing climate. Considering its heavy reliance on ecological restoration, these risks and unknowns suggest that Australia's plan is not, or at least not yet, feasible.","PeriodicalId":54487,"journal":{"name":"Restoration Ecology","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141873389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tessa D. Toumbourou, Sri Lestari, Tri W. Yuwati, Sarah Treby, Bondan Winarno, Dony Rachmanadi, Nafila I. Idrus, Niken Sakuntaladewi, Kushartati Budiningsih, Samantha P. P. Grover, Andrea Rawluk
Indonesia's tropical peatlands are crucial global carbon stores but have been heavily degraded in recent decades. We present seven principles for equitable and resilient tropical peatland restoration in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, host to 19% of Indonesia's tropical peatland area, where local livelihoods, cultural practices, and indigenous social relations remain closely connected. Our collaborative methods employed a Delphi survey and focus group discussions with researchers from various disciplines to develop a shared vision for restoration. This vision served as a boundary object during interviews with diverse stakeholders involved in peatland restoration in Central Kalimantan, allowing for refinement and adaptation of the vision and the development of principles to achieve it. The principles emphasize inclusive and collaborative decision‐making, planning, and implementation; site‐specific approaches adapted to local social and ecological conditions; and ensuring the informed consent of and fair benefit distribution to all local social groups. They also emphasize a holistic, integrated, and long‐term approach to restoration that considers multiple aspects, including hydrological function, vegetation regeneration, fire prevention, locally appropriate livelihood benefits, inclusive governance, and adaptive management practices. These principles serve as a starting point for resilience‐oriented social‐ecological restoration practice and policy formulation, aiming to facilitate equitable, effective, and resilient tropical peatland restoration outcomes.
{"title":"Principles for equitable and resilient tropical peatland restoration in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia","authors":"Tessa D. Toumbourou, Sri Lestari, Tri W. Yuwati, Sarah Treby, Bondan Winarno, Dony Rachmanadi, Nafila I. Idrus, Niken Sakuntaladewi, Kushartati Budiningsih, Samantha P. P. Grover, Andrea Rawluk","doi":"10.1111/rec.14221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.14221","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesia's tropical peatlands are crucial global carbon stores but have been heavily degraded in recent decades. We present seven principles for equitable and resilient tropical peatland restoration in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, host to 19% of Indonesia's tropical peatland area, where local livelihoods, cultural practices, and indigenous social relations remain closely connected. Our collaborative methods employed a Delphi survey and focus group discussions with researchers from various disciplines to develop a shared vision for restoration. This vision served as a boundary object during interviews with diverse stakeholders involved in peatland restoration in Central Kalimantan, allowing for refinement and adaptation of the vision and the development of principles to achieve it. The principles emphasize inclusive and collaborative decision‐making, planning, and implementation; site‐specific approaches adapted to local social and ecological conditions; and ensuring the informed consent of and fair benefit distribution to all local social groups. They also emphasize a holistic, integrated, and long‐term approach to restoration that considers multiple aspects, including hydrological function, vegetation regeneration, fire prevention, locally appropriate livelihood benefits, inclusive governance, and adaptive management practices. These principles serve as a starting point for resilience‐oriented social‐ecological restoration practice and policy formulation, aiming to facilitate equitable, effective, and resilient tropical peatland restoration outcomes.","PeriodicalId":54487,"journal":{"name":"Restoration Ecology","volume":"427 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141781200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brock M. Huntsman, Marissa L. Wulff, Noah Knowles, Ted Sommer, Frederick V. Feyrer, Larry R. Brown
Many river systems within the Central Valley of California have been disconnected from their floodplains, hypothesized to be partially responsible for declining Chinook salmon populations (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). The primary floodplain of the system, Yolo By‐Pass (known regionally as “Yolo Bypass”), offered an opportunity to examine whether improved connectivity between the floodplain and river could limit negative climate change effects on salmon populations. Specifically, the top of the floodplain (Fremont Weir) is being modified to provide Sacramento River Chinook salmon better access to floodplain rearing habitat. We estimated restoration effects on the Yolo By‐Pass flood regime now and under future climate scenarios using flow rating curves. Additionally, we used temperature and flow‐specific effects on Chinook salmon population dynamics within the Yolo By‐Pass and Sacramento River complex to describe how the restoration project and climate change may interact to affect juvenile Chinook salmon biomass production. Our results indicate that the Fremont Weir restoration project will extend the frequency, timing, and duration of Yolo By‐Pass flooding. Our production model indicates that the modification will result in greater salmon entrainment rates into the Yolo By‐Pass, where salmon growth rates, survival rates, and biomass production were higher when compared to the Sacramento River main stem. The project appears to benefit all regional runs of Chinook salmon, which should help support life history diversity. Our results suggest that the weir modification should benefit native fish from the Central Valley that use floodplain habitat and that these benefits may be resilient to challenges created by a changing climate.
{"title":"Estimating the benefits of floodplain restoration to juvenile Chinook salmon in the upper San Francisco Estuary, United States, under future climate scenarios","authors":"Brock M. Huntsman, Marissa L. Wulff, Noah Knowles, Ted Sommer, Frederick V. Feyrer, Larry R. Brown","doi":"10.1111/rec.14238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.14238","url":null,"abstract":"Many river systems within the Central Valley of California have been disconnected from their floodplains, hypothesized to be partially responsible for declining Chinook salmon populations (<jats:italic>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</jats:italic>). The primary floodplain of the system, Yolo By‐Pass (known regionally as “Yolo Bypass”), offered an opportunity to examine whether improved connectivity between the floodplain and river could limit negative climate change effects on salmon populations. Specifically, the top of the floodplain (Fremont Weir) is being modified to provide Sacramento River Chinook salmon better access to floodplain rearing habitat. We estimated restoration effects on the Yolo By‐Pass flood regime now and under future climate scenarios using flow rating curves. Additionally, we used temperature and flow‐specific effects on Chinook salmon population dynamics within the Yolo By‐Pass and Sacramento River complex to describe how the restoration project and climate change may interact to affect juvenile Chinook salmon biomass production. Our results indicate that the Fremont Weir restoration project will extend the frequency, timing, and duration of Yolo By‐Pass flooding. Our production model indicates that the modification will result in greater salmon entrainment rates into the Yolo By‐Pass, where salmon growth rates, survival rates, and biomass production were higher when compared to the Sacramento River main stem. The project appears to benefit all regional runs of Chinook salmon, which should help support life history diversity. Our results suggest that the weir modification should benefit native fish from the Central Valley that use floodplain habitat and that these benefits may be resilient to challenges created by a changing climate.","PeriodicalId":54487,"journal":{"name":"Restoration Ecology","volume":"144 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141781204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sofia Koutzoukis, Will Munger, Lindsay Capito, Darren Parry, Brad Parry, Sarah C. Klain, Mark W. Brunson, Nancy Huntly, Travis Taylor
The restoration of culturally significant landscapes poses formidable challenges given more than 160 years of settler‐colonial land use change and a rapidly changing climate. A novel approach to these challenges braids Indigenous and western scientific knowledge. This case study braids Indigenous plant knowledge, species distribution models (SDMs), and climate models to inform restoration of the Bear River Massacre site in Idaho, now stewarded by the Northwestern Band of the Shoshone Nation. MaxEnt SDMs were used to project the future spatial distribution of culturally significant plant species under medium (SSP2‐4.5) and high (SSP5‐8.5) emissions scenarios. These results support Tribal revegetation priorities and approaches, identified by tradeoffs between each species' current and future suitability. This research contributes to a knowledge‐braiding approach to the analysis of climate risks, vulnerabilities, and restoration possibilities for Indigenous‐led restoration projects by using the Wuda Ogwa ecological restoration site as a case study.
{"title":"Collaborative knowledge braiding for restoration: assessing climate change risks and adaptation options at Wuda Ogwa in southeastern Idaho, United States","authors":"Sofia Koutzoukis, Will Munger, Lindsay Capito, Darren Parry, Brad Parry, Sarah C. Klain, Mark W. Brunson, Nancy Huntly, Travis Taylor","doi":"10.1111/rec.14230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.14230","url":null,"abstract":"The restoration of culturally significant landscapes poses formidable challenges given more than 160 years of settler‐colonial land use change and a rapidly changing climate. A novel approach to these challenges braids Indigenous and western scientific knowledge. This case study braids Indigenous plant knowledge, species distribution models (SDMs), and climate models to inform restoration of the Bear River Massacre site in Idaho, now stewarded by the Northwestern Band of the Shoshone Nation. MaxEnt SDMs were used to project the future spatial distribution of culturally significant plant species under medium (SSP2‐4.5) and high (SSP5‐8.5) emissions scenarios. These results support Tribal revegetation priorities and approaches, identified by tradeoffs between each species' current and future suitability. This research contributes to a knowledge‐braiding approach to the analysis of climate risks, vulnerabilities, and restoration possibilities for Indigenous‐led restoration projects by using the Wuda Ogwa ecological restoration site as a case study.","PeriodicalId":54487,"journal":{"name":"Restoration Ecology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141745840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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