Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology最新文献_第5页

Palaeotorreya, a new genus of extinct Taxaceae from the Early Cretaceous of Northeast China 东北早白垩世已灭绝的红豆杉科一新属古榧树

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2025-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105461

Ting Wang , Chong Dong , Jianguo Hui , Xueqiong Wei , Gongle Shi

Taxaceae (the yew family) are a relict family of conifers, with most species having a highly restricted or fragmentary distribution in the northern hemisphere and New Caledonia. Fossil data indicate that the family had diverged by the earliest Jurassic in southern Sweden, and extant taxaceous genera might had appeared since the Jurassic. In this article, we describe a new genus and species of extinct Taxaceae, Palaeotorreya shenghuii gen. et sp. nov., based on lignified leaves from the Lower Cretaceous Huolinhe Formation in West Ujimqin Banner, eastern Inner Mongolia, Northeast China. The leaves of Palaeotorreya shenghuii are linear to linear-lanceolate and hypostomatic. Epidermal cells of adaxial epidermis and non-stomatal zones of abaxial epidermis are strongly elongated. Two lateral stomatal bands on the abaxial leaf surface are narrow and sunken, each is flanked and concealed by two folding edges bearing dense and prominent papillae. Stomata are longitudinally oriented and arranged in short longitudinal files. Stomata are haplocheilic, stomatal complexes are monocyclic, with a complete and solid stomatal ring surrounding the stomatal pit on the outer cuticle surface. Palaeotorreya shenghuii is most comparable with Torreya within extant conifers, but also bears resemblance in stomatal structure to other genera of extant Taxaceae. The new fossils add to our knowledge of the diversity of the yew family during the Early Cretaceous.

红豆杉科（红豆杉科）是针叶树的一个遗存科，大多数物种在北半球和新喀里多尼亚的分布非常有限或零碎。化石资料表明，该科在瑞典南部最早的侏罗纪时期就已经分化，而现存的红杉属可能在侏罗纪以后就出现了。本文以内蒙古东部乌金沁旗西部下白垩统霍林河组木质素化叶片为研究对象，描述了已灭绝的红豆杉科植物Palaeotorreya shenghuii gen. et sp. nov.一个新属和新种。生辉古香榧叶线状至线状披针形，叶片低气孔。正面表皮的表皮细胞和背面表皮的非气孔区明显伸长。叶背面的两条侧生气孔带狭窄而凹陷，每条气孔带被两条折叠的边缘所包围，边缘上有密集而突出的乳突。气孔纵向定向，排列成短的纵锉状。气孔为单倍体，气孔复合体为单环，在外角质层表面的气孔坑周围有一个完整而坚固的气孔环。生辉古香榧与现存针叶树中香榧最具可比性，但其气孔结构也与现存红豆杉科其他属的香榧相似。这些新化石增加了我们对早白垩纪紫杉科多样性的认识。

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引用次数: 0

New fossil evidence from southwestern China sheds light on the formation of modern distribution of Toddalia (Rutaceae) 中国西南地区新发现的化石证据揭示了龙牙亚（龙牙科）现代分布的形成

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105460

Jiang-Min Chen , Xue-Ping Ji , Chun-Xia Zhang , Yu Ji , Jun Yang , Huan-Chong Wang , Yun-Heng Ji , Yong-Jiang Huang

Toddalia Juss. is a genus in Rutaceae, with a modern geographical range that extends from West and East Africa to South, East and Southeast Asia. The genus has a good fossil record in Europe, where it has become extinct, but is poorly represented in the geological record of Asia, where it flourishes today. This study reports the second fossil record of Toddalia in Asia, based on three-dimensional seed remains recovered from the latest Miocene Baoshan Basin in western Yunnan, southwestern China. The fossil seeds are characterized by their reniform shape, smooth surface, large hilar scar, unique raphe excrescence and layered seed coat. Following morphological and anatomical comparisons with both extant and other fossil species, the fossil seeds were assigned to T. nanlinensis, a species first reported from the Early-Middle Miocene Longchuan Basin in southwestern Yunnan. This new fossil finding suggests that the Baoshan Basin probably had forest vegetation in a warm, humid climate at some time during the latest Miocene. This is in line with previous suggestions based on other fossils, such as hominoids (Lufengpithecus sp.) and other mammals, found from the same sedimentary layer of the basin. Together with the previous record, our fossil discovery mirrors continuous presence of Toddalia in southwestern China since at least the Early-Middle Miocene. This provides insight into how the modern distribution range of the genus formed in this region and even in Asia.

Toddalia汁液。是芸香科的一个属，其现代地理分布范围从西非和东非延伸到南亚、东亚和东南亚。该属在欧洲有很好的化石记录，在那里它已经灭绝了，但在亚洲的地质记录中却很少有代表，在那里它今天很繁荣。本研究报告了在滇西宝山盆地中新世晚期发现的三维种子化石，这是亚洲第二次对幼童龙的化石记录。化石种子具有肾形、表面光滑、门瓣瘢痕大、独特的中缝赘肉和层状种皮等特点。通过与现存和其他化石种的形态和解剖比较，化石种子归属于滇西南龙川盆地早中新世-中中新世首次报道的一种T. nanlinensis。这一新的化石发现表明，在中新世晚期的某个时候，在温暖潮湿的气候下，宝山盆地可能有森林植被。这与先前在盆地同一沉积层中发现的其他化石（如人猿（陆丰猿人）和其他哺乳动物）的建议一致。与之前的记录相结合，我们的化石发现反映了至少从中新世早期到中中新世以来，中国西南部就一直存在着托德利亚。这为了解该属的现代分布范围如何在该地区甚至在亚洲形成提供了见解。

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引用次数: 0

Three new exquisitely preserved haplolepideous mosses from the mid-Cretaceous of Kachin, Myanmar 缅甸克钦邦白垩纪中期三种保存完好的单层藓类植物

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105459

Ya Li , Yong-Dong Wang , Peng-Cheng Wu , Lwin Mar Saing , Chun-Xiang Li , Qiang Wang

Dicranidae (haplolepideous mosses) are the second-largest group of mosses with about 4000 species, and thus the radiation of Dicranidae is considered to be a major event in the evolutionary process of mosses. However, the present fossil record of Dicranidae is rather limited for understanding the early diversification of this successful and speciose lineage. Here, we describe three new exquisitely preserved haplolepideous mosses as Calymperites heinrichsianus, Calymperites marginatus and Calymperites striatus based on 32 whole gametophytes and 10 gametophyte fragments embedded in 16 pieces of Kachin amber from the mid-Cretaceous of northern Myanmar. The three fossil species all exhibit a combination of characters, including lanceolate leaves with a simple costa, clasping leaf bases with large rectangular hyaline cells (cancellinae), and subquadrate to short rectangular, smooth to slightly bulging upper lamina cells. These characters are indicative of Calymperaceae, a monophyletic family that is placed in the core Dicranales. Considering the mid-Cretaceous age and morphological differences to extant species, the present three species of Calymperites probably represent stem group members of Calymperaceae. They, along with previously reported three species of Calymperites (Calymperaceae) and Ditrichites aristatus (Ditrichaceae or Dicranaceae), provide palaeobotanical evidence for the early diversification of Dicranidae in the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber forest of northern Myanmar. Palaeoecological habitat reconstruction indicates that Calymperites from Kachin amber has obviously ecological niche differentiation.

单枝藓科（Dicranidae）是第二大藓类，约有4000种，因此Dicranidae的辐射被认为是苔藓进化过程中的一个重大事件。然而，目前的化石记录对于了解这种成功的物种谱系的早期多样化是相当有限的。本文基于缅甸北部中白垩世克钦琥珀的16块配子体和32个完整配子体和10个配子体碎片，描述了3种新保存完好的单层藓类，分别为heinrichsianus Calymperites、marginatus Calymperites和striatus Calymperites。这三个化石种都表现出以下特征的组合：披针形叶，有一个简单的边缘；紧扣叶基，有大的矩形透明细胞（cancellinae）；近方形到短矩形，光滑到略鼓的上层细胞。这些特征表明萼花科，一个单系的家庭，被放置在核心的Dicranales。考虑到中白垩世时代和与现存物种的形态差异，这3种萼花可能代表萼花科茎群成员。它们与先前报道的三种Calymperites （Calymperaceae）和dirichites aristatus （dirichaceae或Dicranaceae）一起，为缅甸北部克钦琥珀森林中白垩纪中期Dicranidae的早期多样化提供了古植物学证据。古生态生境重建表明，克钦琥珀的钙辉石具有明显的生态位分化。

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引用次数: 0

Ecological response of organic walled microplankton associations to the final stages of the Late Paleozoic Ice Age (LPIA) in Paraná Basin, southwestern Gondwana 冈瓦纳西南部帕拉纳<e:1>盆地晚古生代冰期末期有机壁面浮游生物群落的生态响应

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105456

Rafael R. Bender , Cristina M. Félix , Paulo A. Souza , Tainara Caroline de Aguiar Medeiros , Daiana R. Boardman , Ana Karina Scomazzon

The stratigraphic distribution of organic walled microphytoplanktonic taxa throughout different climatic phases from the Upper Paleozoic of Paraná Basin is evaluated herein. Newly analyzed palynological samples reveal the presence of the genera Botryococcus, Tasmanites, Leiosphaeridia and Deusilites along the interval encompassed by the Pennsylvanian Crucisaccites monoletus Zone (CmZ) and the Gzhelian-Artinskian Vittatina costabilis Zone (VcZ), corresponding to the upper Itararé Group and the final stages of the Late Paleozoic Ice Age (LPIA). Numeric data and general composition of the palynomorph associations are consistent with a proximal deltaic-marine environment under glacial influence with great influx of continental organic particles. A detailed review of the available literature shows that some organisms such as prasinophytes and certain acritarch groups (genera Deusilites and Navifusa) are more abundant within the glacial and terminal glacial stages of the basin, becoming less prominent in the post-glacial phase and finally disappearing almost completely in the subsequent strata. Contrastingly, most records of algae related to Zygnemaphyceae and Chlorococcales originate from the post-glacial stage, suggesting closer affinity for coastal environments of fresh/brackish waters, whereas the acritarch genera Micrhystridium and Veryhachium proliferate from the base of the Palermo Formation, in units interpreted as epicontinental seas. The available information indicates that the presence of algal elements in palynological successions from this interval is mainly controlled by paleogeography, climate, onshore-offshore trends, salinity and paleoenvironmental conditions. As a consequence, it is inferred that lithostratigraphic units from the Upper Paleozoic of Paraná Basin and other chronocorrelated units across Gondwana are characterized by particular microphytoplanktonic signatures.

本文评价了塔里木盆地上古生界不同气候期有机壁浮游微植物类群的地层分布。新分析的孢粉样品显示，在宾夕法尼亚十字带（CmZ）和Gzhelian-Artinskian Vittatina costabilis带（VcZ）所包围的间隙中，存在Botryococcus， Tasmanites， Leiosphaeridia和Deusilites属，对应于晚古生代冰期（LPIA）的上部itarar群和最后阶段。地貌组合的数值数据和一般组成与冰川影响下的近三角洲-海洋环境相一致，大陆有机颗粒大量涌入。对现有文献的详细回顾表明，在盆地的冰期和末冰期，一些生物如湿生植物和某些关键性类群（Deusilites属和Navifusa属）更为丰富，在冰期后变得不那么突出，最终在随后的地层中几乎完全消失。相比之下，大多数与Zygnemaphyceae和Chlorococcales相关的藻类记录来自冰川后阶段，表明它们与淡水/咸淡水的沿海环境更接近，而微纹藻属和Veryhachium则从巴勒莫组的底部繁殖，其单位被解释为陆表海洋。现有资料表明，该层位孢粉演替中藻类元素的存在主要受古地理、气候、近岸趋势、盐度和古环境条件的控制。据此推断，来自帕拉南盆地上古生界的岩石地层单元和冈瓦纳其他与时间相关的单元具有特定的微浮游植物特征。

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引用次数: 0

New palynological data from the Devonian of southern Poland (Siewierz area, Podleśna quarry) 波兰南部（siwierz地区，Podleśna采石场）泥盆纪孢粉新资料

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2025-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105457

Marcelina Kondas, Paweł Filipiak

The sedimentary succession exposed in the Podleśna quarry near Siewierz (southern Poland) yielded the first confirmed occurrence of Devonian palynomorphs from this locality. Based on the composition of the miospore assemblages—the most abundant palynomorph group—the deposits have been assigned to the EX2 to possibly EX3 subzones of the EX Miospore Zone, corresponding to the rhenanus/varcus to latifossatus/semialternans conodont zones (Givetian). Preliminary palynofacies analysis suggests deposition in a proximal shelf setting.

在siwierz（波兰南部）附近的Podleśna采石场中发现的沉积序列首次证实了该地区的泥盆纪岩形。根据最丰富的微孢子组合组成，矿床被划分为EX2至EX3亚带，对应于小孔/静脉状到纬窝状/半互生牙形带（Givetian）。初步的孢粉相分析表明沉积在近陆架环境中。

引用次数: 0

Characteristics of modern pollen assemblages in surface sediments of central Tibetan Plateau lakes and their implications for paleoenvironmental reconstruction

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2025-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105454

Jue Sun , Wei Chen , Min Xu , Chuanfang Jin , Lingyu Tang , Weiming Wang

The central Tibetan Plateau, situated in the transition zone between Indian monsoon and westerlies, serves as an ideal area for studying the interactions between these two major climate systems. However, only limited research on modern pollen processes in small-scale catchment within this region has constrained the interpretation accuracy of stratigraphic pollen records and the reliability of paleovegetation and paleoclimate reconstructions. This study systematically analyzed the response relationships between modern pollen assemblages and vegetation/climate using 23 surface sediment samples from Lake Cuona and Lake Zigetang, located in the alpine meadow-steppe ecotone of the central plateau. It demonstrates that Cyperaceae (Cy), Poaceae (P), Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae (C), and Artemisia (A) are the dominant components of the regional vegetation, whose pollen assemblage characteristics can effectively distinguish between alpine steppe and meadow. The variations in pollen assemblages across different vegetation types reflect a gradual moisture gradient from meadow-dominated to steppe-dominated areas. Principal component analysis (PCA) reveals that the distribution of Cyperaceae, Poaceae, Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae, and Artemisia pollen is primarily controlled by humidity, leading to the establishment of the Cy/(P + A + C) as a robust pollen-based humidity proxy. Application of this proxy to reconstruct regional humidity variations shows: (1) During the early Holocene, relatively humid conditions prevailed in the Lake Zigetang and Ahung Co areas, likely attributable to moisture transport by the Indian monsoon; (2) The middle Holocene witnessed complex dry-wet fluctuations in records from Lake Zigetang, Ngion Co, and Ahung Co, indicating combined influences of monsoon instability and westerly adjustments; (3) The late Holocene was characterized by generally humid conditions, likely resulting from enhanced moisture transport associated with the deepening of westerly circulation into the plateau interior.

然而，由于对该地区小尺度流域现代花粉过程的研究有限，限制了地层花粉记录的解释精度和古植被古气候重建的可靠性。本研究利用位于高原中部高寒草甸-草原交错带的措那湖和子塘湖的23个表层沉积物样本，系统分析了现代花粉组合与植被/气候的响应关系。结果表明：Cyperaceae （Cy）、Poaceae (P)、Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae (C)和Artemisia (A)是区域植被的优势成分，其花粉组合特征可以有效区分高寒草原和草甸。不同植被类型花粉组合的差异反映了从草甸为主到草原为主的湿度梯度。主成分分析（PCA）表明，苏科、禾科、藜科/苋科和蒿属花粉的分布主要受湿度控制，从而建立了Cy/(P + A + C)作为花粉湿度指标的可靠指标。应用该模型重建区域湿度变化表明：(1)全新世早期，子塘湖和阿洪错地区相对湿润，可能与印度季风的水汽输送有关；(2)全新世中期子塘湖、恩京、阿洪等地干湿波动复杂，表明季风不稳定和西风调整的综合影响；(3)晚全新世以整体湿润环境为特征，可能是西风环流向高原内部深入，水汽输送增强所致。

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引用次数: 0

Late Holocene vegetation dynamics and Indian Summer Monsoon evolution from the Core Monsoon Zone, India 印度核心季风带的晚全新世植被动态与印度夏季风演化

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105455

Nagendra Prasad , Mohammad Firoze Quamar , Paulramasamy Morthekai , Maneesha Muraleedharan ET , Pooja Tiwari , Biswajeet Thakur , Anupam Sharma

Understanding the vegetation response to the Late Holocene Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) variability from the Core Monsoon Zone (CMZ), India, during the Late Holocene, is the principal aim of the present study. Pollen analysis of a lacustrine sediment core from the Korba District of Chhattisgarh State (CMZ) demonstrated that between ca. 3560 and 2860 cal yr BP, savannah vegetation dominated the landscape in a cool-dry climate, suggesting reduced ISM rainfall. A shift in the vegetation from savannah to wooded savannah during ca. 2860 to 1960 cal yr BP was observed in a moderately strengthened ISM rainfall regime. From ca. 1960 to 890 cal yr BP, the region experienced a transformation from the wooded savannah vegetation to mixed tropical deciduous forests in a warm-humid climate, reflecting a comparatively increased ISM rainfall. From ca. 890 to 225 cal yr BP (CE1060–1725), dense mixed tropical deciduous forests came into being in a warm and relatively more humid climate, indicating intensified ISM rainfall. The initial part (CE 1060–1400) of this phase corresponds with the global Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA; CE 700–1400). Agricultural practices and other human activities were suggested, based on the presence of Cerealia pollen, and other cultural pollen taxa, respectively.

了解印度核心季风带（CMZ）晚全新世期间植被对印度夏季风（ISM）变率的响应是本研究的主要目的。对Chhattisgarh邦Korba地区湖泊沉积物岩心的花粉分析表明，在约3560 - 2860 calyr BP之间，热带稀树草原植被在干冷气候中占主导地位，表明ISM降雨量减少。在中等强度的ISM降雨条件下，在约2860 ~ 1960 cal yr BP期间，植被从草原向森林草原转变。约1960 ~ 890 calyr BP，该地区经历了由树木繁茂的草原植被向热带落叶混交林的转变，气候温暖湿润，ISM降水相对增加。约890 ~ 225 cal yr BP (CE1060-1725)，在温暖且相对湿润的气候中形成了茂密的热带混交林，表明ISM降水加剧。这一阶段的初始部分（CE 1060-1400）与全球中世纪气候异常（MCA; CE 700-1400）相对应。根据谷类花粉和其他文化花粉分类群的存在，分别提出了农业实践和其他人类活动的建议。

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引用次数: 0

Indicative and discriminative potential of soil-surface phytolith assemblages for land-use types on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2025-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105453

Dongxu Li , Lina Song , Dehui Li , Nannan Wang , Xianyong Cao

Clarifying the relationship between soil-surface phytolith assemblages and land-use types in valley agricultural areas is essential for reconstructing the origins and spread of agriculture on the Tibetan Plateau. However, research on modern phytoliths related to wheat (Triticum sativa L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivation at high elevations remain limited. In this study, we analysed 40 farmland and 17 natural vegetation soil-surface samples from the Hehuang Valley, a typical valley agricultural area. The results show that phytolith assemblages generally reflect the cold, arid climate of the region but also vary across land-use types. Wheat farmland can be distinguished from natural vegetation, with ELONGATE DENDRITIC ≥ 1.0% as a diagnostic indicator for wheat and CRENATE < 3.8% for natural vegetation. These findings highlight the potential of phytolith analysis for land-use reconstruction and establish an operational framework and threshold standards for identifying wheat farmland in the Hehuang Valley.

然而，有关小麦（Triticum sativa L.）和大麦（Hordeum vulgare L.）在高海拔地区栽培的现代植物岩的研究仍然有限。本研究对典型河谷农业区河湟流域40个农田和17个自然植被土壤表层样本进行了分析。结果表明，植物岩组合总体上反映了该地区寒冷、干旱的气候，但在不同的土地利用类型中也存在差异。小麦农田可与天然植被区分开，小麦农田的诊断指标为ELONGATE DENDRITIC≥1.0%，天然植被的诊断指标为CRENATE <； 3.8%。这些发现突出了植物岩分析在土地利用重建中的潜力，并为河黄河谷小麦农田识别建立了操作框架和阈值标准。

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引用次数: 0

Chemosystematic studies of Devonian coal-forming plants: Barzas Orestovia-like plants compressions 泥盆纪造煤植物的化学系统研究：Barzas orestovia样植物压缩

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105452

Lyudmila Kocheva , Anatoly Karmanov , Olga Telnova , Alexey Gomankov , Vladimir Lutoev

Orestovia-like plants are of great scientific and practical interest for various fields of natural science, forming the most ancient unique Devonian Barzas coals in the Kuznetsk Basin, Russia. However their natural affinity (higher plants or algae) remains disputable. This work studies Barzas compressions of Orestovia-like plants from the standpoint of chemosystematics. We proposed to use the aromatic biopolymer lignin, which is included in all higher terrestrial plants, as a marker of organic matter. To prove the presence of lignin and establish its structure, a complex of physical and chemical methods was used: FTIR and EPR spectroscopy, pyrolytic gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence and X-ray phase analysis. Based on the obtained results, we found the presence of transformation products of compositionally homogeneous p-coumaric protolignin in the substance of plant remains. The obtained data do not exclude the validity of the hypothesis that the Devonian Orestovia-like plants belong to higher plants.

orestova类植物在自然科学的各个领域具有重要的科学和实用价值，在俄罗斯库兹涅茨克盆地形成了最古老独特的泥盆纪Barzas煤。然而，它们的天然亲和力（高等植物或藻类）仍有争议。本文从化学系统学的角度研究了orestovia类植物的Barzas压缩。我们建议使用所有高等陆生植物中都含有的芳香族生物聚合物木质素作为有机质的标记物。为了证明木质素的存在并确定其结构，采用了一系列物理和化学方法：FTIR和EPR光谱、热解气相色谱-质谱、扫描电镜、x射线荧光和x射线相分析。在此基础上，我们发现在植物残体物质中存在组成均质的对香豆素原木质素转化产物。获得的数据并不排除泥盆纪orestovia类植物属于高等植物的假设的有效性。

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引用次数: 0

Cupule-bearing cones of Jarudia (Doyleales) and associated leaves from the Early Cretaceous of the New Siberian Islands, Arctic Russia 俄罗斯北极地区新西伯利亚群岛早白垩世的刺叶属植物的带对偶的球果及其伴生叶

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105451

Natalya Nosova , Peter R. Crane , Gongle Shi , Ksenia Domogatskaya

A new species of cupule-bearing seed cone assigned to Jarudia (Doyleales) is described from the Lower Cretaceous (Aptian–Albian) Balyktakh Formation of Kotelnyi Island in the New Siberian Islands. The new species, Jarudia borealis sp. nov. is an elongated, cylindrical seed cone consisting of a main axis with helically arranged, densely spaced bract-cupule axis complexes, each of which terminates in a single incurved cupule. Cupule-bearing stalks are thin proximally where they are fused with a narrow, elongated bract. Above, they are free from the bract, gradually widen toward the tip and are curved adaxially relative to the main axis. Each cupule is formed by the wide flattened distal part of the cupule stalk, one median and two lateral flaps, and is quadrangular in transverse section. The flattened cupule stalk and three flaps are fused at the apex of the cupule but are free toward the base. Micro-CT scans reveal that most cupules are empty, but maceration of remaining carbonaceous material produced pieces of the cupule cuticle, as well as fragments of the nucellar cuticle and megaspore membrane. Stomata, occasionally present in the outer epidermis of the cupules, are haplocheilic, with 5–8 subsidiary cells. The megaspore membrane is two layered comprising a foot layer and branched, interconnected bacula. The cupule-bearing cones of Jarudia borealis sp. nov. occur closely associated with numerous remains of linear leaves described as Phoenicopsis arcticus sp. nov., as well as rare leaf fragments of Pityophyllum sp. and Ginkgoites sp.

描述了新西伯利亚群岛Kotelnyi岛下白垩世（Aptian-Albian） Balyktakh组Jarudia （Doyleales）的一新种。这个新种，Jarudia borealis sp. nov.是一个细长的圆柱形种子球果，由一个主轴和螺旋状排列的密距苞片-偶联轴组成，每个轴在单个弯曲的偶联中终止。具羽对的茎薄的近端在那里它们与一狭窄的，拉长的苞片融合。在上面，它们脱离苞片，逐渐向尖端加宽，并且相对于主轴向正面弯曲。每一羽节由羽节柄的宽而扁平的远端部、一个中瓣和两个侧瓣组成，横切面呈四角形。扁平的羽对柄和三个瓣在羽对顶端融合，但向基部自由。微ct扫描显示，大多数小泡是空的，但剩余的碳质物质浸渍产生了小泡角质层的碎片，以及珠心角质层和大孢子膜的碎片。偶有气孔，偶有于茎梗的外表皮，单倍体，有5-8个附属细胞。大孢子膜是两层的，包括一个足层和分枝的、相互连接的杆状体。北方Jarudia borealis sp. 11 .的有双苞的球果与许多被称为Phoenicopsis arcticus sp. nov.的线状叶片的遗迹以及Pityophyllum sp.和Ginkgoites sp.的罕见叶片碎片密切相关。

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引用次数: 0