Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology最新文献

Late Aptian spore-producing plant records in the South Atlantic: Distribution, botanical affinities, ecological and climatic implications 南大西洋晚Aptian产孢子植物记录：分布、植物类群、生态和气候意义

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2026.105531

Marcelo de A. Carvalho, Michelle C.S. Giannerini, Gabriel C. Correia, Cecília C. Lana, Natália de P. Sá, Gustavo Santiago, Viviane S.F. Trindade, Maria Eduarda C. Coelho

The late Aptian record of spore-producing plants along the South Atlantic margin provides a robust proxy for reconstructing paleogeographic, ecological, and climatic conditions during the early stages of the South Atlantic opening. A total of 567 samples from eight Brazilian sedimentary basins (Bragança-Viseu, São Luís, Parnaíba, Ceará, Potiguar, Sergipe, Araripe, and Espírito Santo) were analyzed for spore-producing plant families. Eighteen families were identified, including bryophytes (e.g., liverworts, Anthocerotaceae), lycophytes (e.g., Lycopodiaceae, Selaginellaceae), and ferns (e.g., Anemiaceae, Cyatheaceae, Dicksoniaceae, Marsileaceae, Schizaeaceae). Quantitative analyses reveal that Anemiaceae is the most abundant and geographically widespread family, representing over 40% of the total spore-producing plant count. Its dominance, coupled with high Consistency Index (CI) values, indicates strong ecological tolerance and stability under fluctuating climatic regimes. The Pearson correlation matrix shows positive associations among major fern and lycophyte families and negative correlations with xerophytic taxa, reinforcing their link to humid or mesic paleoenvironments. Variations in the ratio of spore-producing plants to xerophytes (SPP/X) delineate three main paleoclimatic phases: pre-evaporitic, evaporitic, and post-evaporitic, each marked by alternating arid and humid intervals. Integration with previous studies suggests that the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and the early configuration of the South Atlantic Ocean played key roles in modulating regional humidity. The observed floral composition highlights the resilience and adaptability of spore-producing plants, particularly Anemiaceae, under transitional climatic regimes of the late Aptian.

南大西洋边缘产孢子植物的阿普提晚期记录为重建南大西洋开放早期的古地理、生态和气候条件提供了有力的依据。对来自巴西8个沉积盆地（bragana - viseu、s o Luís、Parnaíba、ceear、Potiguar、Sergipe、Araripe和Espírito Santo）的567份样品进行了产孢子植物科分析。共鉴定出苔藓类植物18科，包括苔藓类植物（如苔类、花苔科）、石松类植物（如石松科、卷柏科）和蕨类植物（如锦葵科、Cyatheaceae、Dicksoniaceae、Marsileaceae、Schizaeaceae）。定量分析表明，锦葵科是最丰富和地理分布最广的科，占总产孢子植物数量的40%以上。它的优势，加上高一致性指数（CI）值，表明在波动的气候条件下具有很强的生态耐受性和稳定性。Pearson相关矩阵表明，蕨类和石松类的主要科与湿生植物类群呈正相关，而与旱生植物类群呈负相关，强化了它们与湿润或湿润古环境的联系。产孢子植物与旱生植物之比的变化（SPP/X）描绘了三个主要的古气候阶段：前蒸期、蒸期和后蒸期，每一个阶段都以干旱和湿润交替为特征。综合以往研究表明，热带辐合带（ITCZ）和南大西洋的早期配置对区域湿度的调节起关键作用。观察到的花卉组成突出了产孢子植物，特别是锦葵科，在Aptian晚期的过渡气候制度下的恢复力和适应性。

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引用次数: 0

A seed of Allicospermum angrenicum Nosova from the Middle Jurassic of Uzbekistan with a trapped pollen grain 来自乌兹别克斯坦中侏罗世的大蒜属种子，花粉粒被困住

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2026.105513

Natalya Nosova , Natalia Zavialova

We present new data on the anatomy and the first data on the ultrastructure of all cuticles and the megaspore membrane of a seed of Allicospermum angrenicum from the Middle Jurassic Angren Formation of the Angren locality in Uzbekistan. A transmission electron microscope study reveals the outer and inner cuticles of the integument, the cuticle of the nucellus, and the megaspore membrane. The cuticular membrane of the outer integument is composed of a cuticle homogeneous proper and a cuticular fibrillar layer. The megaspore membrane is made up of a patterned layer and a homogeneous foot layer. The patterned layer is composed of crowded bacula arranged vertically or rarely obliquely to the foot layer that is why some of them look as rounded or oval bodies on transverse or oblique sections. Several homogeneous orbicule-like bodies were observed in the upper part of the megaspore membrane. A pollen grain was found entrapped in the seed. The monosulcate pollen has an ectexine with a solid prominent tectum, a prominent infratectum that shows alternation of alveoli with rounded outlines and transversely elongated alveoli, and a thin insignificant foot layer, and a more electron dense endexine. The information on the seed anatomy and ultrastructure does not exclude both cycadalean and ginkgoalean affinities of the find, whereas the pollen characters definitely point to the cycadalean affinity.

本文报道了乌兹别克斯坦安格伦地区中侏罗统安格伦组Allicospermum angrenicum种子的所有表皮和大孢子膜的超微结构。透射电子显微镜显示了被膜的外、内角质层、珠心角质层和大孢子膜。外被的角质膜由角质层均质层和角质层纤维层组成。大孢子膜由图案层和均匀足层组成。有图案的层由密集的线状体组成，线状体垂直或很少倾斜地排列在足层上，这就是为什么它们中的一些在横向或斜切面上看起来是圆形或椭圆形的体。在大孢子膜上部可见几个均匀的圆形小体。在种子中发现了一粒花粉。单槽花粉的外稃有实心的突出顶盖，突出的下顶盖有圆形轮廓和横向拉长的肺泡交替，有一薄而不明显的足部层，和一个电子密度更大的外稃。种子解剖和超微结构的信息不排除该发现的苏铁类和银杏类的亲缘关系，而花粉特征则明确指向苏铁类亲缘关系。

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引用次数: 0

The pulse of ancient fires: Reconstructing Toarcian wildfire regimes from fossil charcoals in northwest China 古代火种的脉动：从中国西北地区的化石木炭中重建托尔西亚野火制度

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2026.105519

Yuling Na , Xiao Shi , Chi Tian , Wenpei Pei , Qianqian Song , Shaoting Tian , Bing Wang , Yan Liu , Leon Nahuel Torres , Jianxin Yu

Understanding the occurrence and ecological impacts of paleo-wildfires is essential for reconstructing paleoclimate conditions and ecosystem evolution. This study focuses on fossil charcoals from the Sangonghe Formation in the HD1 well of the Hoxtolgay Basin, northern Xinjiang, China. According to the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) microscopic characteristics, the charcoal assemblage from the Sangonghe Formation comprises Agathoxylon, Protocupressinoxylon, Protophyllocladoxylon, Protosciadopityoxylon, and gymnosperms incertae sedis. Macro-charcoals are primarily in situ or near in situ, indicating frequent low-intensity local surface fires with temperatures ranging from 282.91 °C to 591.37 °C, mostly concentrated between 300 and 500 °C. The abundance of charcoals and paleo-wildfire temperatures show significant vertical variations, with more active, higher-temperature wildfire activities, and more obvious fire temperature fluctuations in the 523.8–673.6 m interval, possibly related to global surge in wildfires and climatic aridification during the initiation of the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (T-OAE). The charcoal records from the Sangonghe Formation constrain the atmospheric oxygen concentration to no less than 15% during the late Early Jurassic. Based on the paleo-wildfires reflected by charcoals and palynological characteristics, the climate in the Hoxtolgay Basin during the late Early Jurassic was predominantly warm and humid, probably with intermittent aridity. The sedimentary process of the Sangonghe Formation may have experienced a transition from arid to humid conditions. The present study reports the first systematic taxonomic analysis of the late Early Jurassic charcoals in northern Xinjiang, providing crucial evidence for reconstructing paleo-wildfire dynamics and exploring the coupling mechanisms of wildfires, climate, and ecosystems in geological history.

了解古山火的发生和生态影响对重建古气候条件和生态系统演化具有重要意义。以新疆北部霍克斯托勒盖盆地HD1井三工河组为研究对象。扫描电镜（SEM）特征表明，三工河组木炭组合由Agathoxylon、Protocupressinoxylon、Protophyllocladoxylon、Protosciadopityoxylon和裸子植物incertae sedis组成。宏观木炭主要在原位或近原位，表明频繁发生低强度的局部地表火灾，温度范围为282.91 ~ 591.37℃，主要集中在300 ~ 500℃之间。在523.8 ~ 673.6 m区间，野火活动更加活跃、温度更高，火灾温度波动更为明显，这可能与Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event （T-OAE）启动期间全球野火激增和气候干旱化有关。早侏罗世晚期三工河组的木炭记录限制了大气氧浓度不低于15%。根据炭素和孢粉特征反映的古野火特征，早侏罗世晚期霍克斯托尔盖盆地气候以温暖湿润为主，可能存在间歇性干旱。三工河组的沉积过程可能经历了从干旱到湿润的过渡过程。本文首次对新疆北部早侏罗世晚期木炭进行了系统的分类分析，为重建古野火动态，探索地质历史上野火与气候、生态系统的耦合机制提供了重要依据。

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引用次数: 0

Pollen morphology and ultrastructure of extant Castanoideae (Fagaceae): 1. Castanopsis. 现存木栗科花粉形态与超微结构：1。摘要。

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2026.105532

Natalia Naryshkina , Maria Tekleva

The pollen morphology and ultrastructure of 15 species of Castanopsis (Fagaceae) was studied using transmitted light and electron microscopes. Pollen grains are small, prolate, tricolporate, rugulate. The ectexine consists of a relatively thick tectum, columellate infratectum and distinct foot layer. At the apertural region, the ect- and endexine form specific structures appearing like rollers flanking the apertural region. The principal pollen characters for distinguishing Castanopsis species or group of species are rugula length and width and rugula distribution on the exine surface. Four groups of Castanopsis species were established based on the exine sculpturing. Additional pollen characters for distinguishing are thickness of the ectexine layers and their ratio, and columella width. Obtained information allows making identification of fossil Castanoideae pollen more accurate. Our data partly correspond to the existing systematics of the genus; the systematics of the genus should be improved and palynological data are an important part to be included.

利用透射光和电子显微镜对15种栲属植物的花粉形态和超微结构进行了研究。花粉粒小，长，三聚体，有规则。外阴由较厚的顶盖、小柱状的下顶盖和明显的足部层组成。在孔洞区域，背面和下端形成特定的结构，看起来像孔洞区域两侧的滚子。区分栲种或种群的主要花粉特征是条纹的长度和宽度以及条纹在外表面的分布。根据外缘雕刻，建立了4个栲属类群。花粉的外胚层厚度、比例和小柱宽度是鉴别花粉的附加特征。所获得的信息使得对壳壳科花粉化石的鉴定更加准确。我们的资料部分符合该属现有的系统分类；该属的系统分类有待进一步完善，孢粉学资料是一个重要的组成部分。

引用次数: 0

Evidence for Early Middle Jurassic wildfires: New macro-charcoal records from the Xishanyao Formation, Junggar Basin, Northern Xinjiang, China 早中侏罗统野火的证据：新疆北部准噶尔盆地西山窑组宏观炭新记录

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2026.105518

Bing Yang , Yuling Na , Xiao Shi , Yi Wei , Xinzhi Zhang , Bing Wang , Siyuan Sun , Weitong Li

Wildfires, as an integral part of the Earth system, profoundly influence climate, vegetation, and biogeochemical cycles, shaping global ecological and climatic dynamics. In this study, we systematically analyzed charcoal fossils from the Middle Jurassic Xishanyao Formation in the Junggar Basin using taxonomic classification and reflectance measurements. Our analysis suggests frequent, low-temperature (318–493 °C) and low-intensity surface fires, with the preserved charcoal indicating contributions from Protophyllocaldoxylon-like gymnosperm wood as well as other taxonomically indeterminate gymnosperm fragments. The presence of abundant, large macro-charcoal fragments provides high-fidelity evidence of local wildfire activity, indicating a warm and humid subtropical climate conducive to biomass accumulation that was probably punctuated by intermittent dry intervals. High atmospheric oxygen levels (> 15%, potentially up to 28.3%) and lightning strikes are considered the primary drivers that facilitated combustion. This research provides important new evidence from the Xishanyao Formation to further refine the reconstruction of paleo-climate and wildfire activity during the Middle Jurassic and offers key insights into the terrestrial ecosystem evolution of Northwest China during this period.

野火作为地球系统的组成部分，深刻影响着气候、植被和生物地球化学循环，塑造着全球生态和气候动态。本文对准噶尔盆地中侏罗统西山窑组木炭化石进行了系统的分类和反射率测量。我们的分析表明，频繁的低温（318-493°C）和低强度的地表火灾，保存的木炭表明来自protophyllocaldoxylon样裸子植物木材以及其他分类上不确定的裸子植物碎片。大量大型木炭碎片的存在为当地野火活动提供了高保真度的证据，表明温暖湿润的亚热带气候有利于生物质积累，可能被间歇性干燥间隔打断。高大气含氧量（15%，可能高达28.3%）和雷击被认为是促进燃烧的主要驱动因素。该研究为进一步完善中侏罗统古气候和野火活动的重建提供了重要的新证据，并为该时期中国西北陆地生态系统的演化提供了重要的认识。

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引用次数: 0

A contribution to the palynology and its taxonomic significance in Acanthophyllum (Caryophyllaceae) from Iran 伊朗棘叶植物孢粉学研究及其分类意义

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2026.105520

Mehdi Dehghani , Alireza Dolatyari

Pollen morphology of 76 populations representing 26 species and five sections of Acanthophyllum was investigated using both light and electron microscopy to assess the largely unexplored potential of pollen traits for infrageneric classification within the genus. Extracted from herbarium specimens, the pollen grains were acetolyzed for light microscopy (LM) analysis, while intact grains were used for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A range of pollen traits was investigated, including pollen and pore diameters, exine thickness, interporal distance (chord), pore diameter/pollen diameter ratio as well as pore number and density. In addition, SEM observations focused on spinule morphology, measuring spinule length and width, as well as the density of spinules and perforations on the exine surface. Pollen grains of Acanthophyllum species are monads, spheroidal to subspheroidal, tectate, pantopolyporate. Both tectum and operculum are ornamented with spinules. Pollen size is medium, ranging from 24.29 to 38.07 μm in diameter, with the average number of pores varying between 31 and 51 among the examined species. While pollen characters showed limited utility for distinguishing species, they provided strong evidence for sectional delimitation, albeit with some overlaps and outliers. Overall, pollen traits were conserved at the generic level but showed sectional differences, with the observed variation aligning with phylogenetic relationships within the genus. Pollen evolution in Acanthophyllum reflects the pressures of polyploidy, morphological plasticity, and adaptation to arid environments, exhibiting general homogeneity but variation in size, aperture number, and spinule density.

摘要利用光镜和电镜对棘叶属26种、5个类群的76个居群的花粉形态进行了研究，探讨了棘叶属花粉特征对棘叶属矮属分类的潜力。从植物标本馆标本中提取花粉，将花粉粒乙酰化用于光镜（LM）分析，完整的花粉粒用于扫描电镜（SEM）分析。研究了花粉的一系列性状，包括花粉和孔径、外壁厚度、间隔距离（弦）、孔径/花粉直径比、孔数和密度。此外，扫描电镜观察的重点是小针尖的形态，测量小针尖的长度和宽度，以及小针尖的密度和外表面穿孔。棘叶属植物的花粉粒为单元体、球形至近球形、盾形、泛多孔。顶盖和被盖都具小刺。花粉大小中等，直径为24.29 ~ 38.07 μm，平均气孔数为31 ~ 51个。虽然花粉特征对物种区分的效用有限，但它们为剖面划界提供了强有力的证据，尽管存在一些重叠和异常值。总体而言，花粉性状在属水平上较为保守，但存在截面差异，其变异与属内的系统发育关系一致。棘叶花粉的进化反映了多倍体、形态可塑性和对干旱环境的适应压力，表现出大体上的同质性，但在大小、孔数和小针尖密度上存在差异。

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引用次数: 0

Cuticular evidence and taxonomic reassessment of Miocene Albizia fossils in southwest China: Implications for the biogeography of A. julibrissin 中国西南地区中新世Albizia化石的表皮证据和分类重新评估：对A. juliissin的生物地理学意义

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2026.105517

Ping Lu, Jin-Bo Gao, De-Liang Li, Xiao-Qing Liang

Albizia julibrissin, native to Asia, has been widely introduced to and cultivated in both America and Europe. Well-preserved fossil leaflets recovered from late Miocene deposits in Huaning, southwest China, exhibit distinctive characteristics consistent with those of extant A. julibrissin. These include: (1) falcate or oblong leaflets with the midvein positioned adjacent to the upper margin, (2) distinctive trichome bases on the lower epidermis, (3) straight to moderately undulate anticlinal cell walls, and (4) anomocytic stomatal complexes. However, because of the smaller size of the epidermal cells observed in the fossil leaflets, these specimens have been reclassified as Albizia cf. julibrissin Durazz. These fossils show that ancestors of A. julibrissin were already present in southwest China during or before the warm late Miocene. During the late Neogene, A. julibrissin spread widely despite prevailing global cooling trends. In contrast, contemporary climate projections suggest that a warming of 1.5 °C by 2100 could lead to a substantial contraction of the suitable range for this warm-adapted Miocene species in the coming decades. This reduction is expected to occur despite efforts in artificial cultivation and human-assisted dispersal.

合欢，原产于亚洲，已被广泛引进和栽培在美洲和欧洲。在中国西南华宁晚中新世沉积物中发现的保存完好的化石小叶，显示出与现存A. juliissin一致的独特特征。这些特征包括：(1)镰状或长圆形小叶，中脉位于靠近上缘的位置；(2)独特的毛状基部位于下表皮；(3)直至中等起伏的背斜细胞壁；(4)不规则的气孔复合体。然而，由于在化石小叶中观察到的表皮细胞较小，这些标本已被重新分类为Albizia cf. julibrissin Durazz。这些化石表明，在温暖的晚中新世或之前，金合欢的祖先已经出现在中国西南部。在新第三纪晚期，尽管全球普遍降温趋势，合欢草仍广泛传播。相比之下，当代气候预测表明，到2100年升温1.5°C可能导致未来几十年这种适应温暖的中新世物种的适宜范围大幅缩小。尽管进行了人工养殖和人类辅助扩散的努力，预计仍会出现这种减少。

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引用次数: 0

Re-investigation of Pterophyllum crassinervum (Bennettitales) from the Rhaetian of South China and its palaeoecological implications 中国南方雷提亚地区蕨类植物（terophyllum crassinervum）的再调查及其古生态学意义

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2026.105516

Yuanyuan Xu , Ning Lu , Liqin Li , Yongdong Wang

Pterophyllum Brongniart 1825 is one of the most abundant morphogenus of bennettitalean foliage with at least 157 species documented in China. Among the numerous Pterophyllum species, P. crassinervum Huang et Chow was originally established solely based on insufficiently macromorphological features with limited fossil records. Here, we re-investigate this species for detailed descriptions and interspecific comparisons, and firstly show its epidermal structure based on new fossil collections from the Rhaetian of Upper Triassic strata in the northeastern Sichuan Basin, South China. The thoroughly re-examination of Pterophyllum crassinervum confirms its taxonomic validity and define the standard criteria for distinctive segregation of this species from its analogues. A neotype and an emended specific diagnosis with supplementary microstructures of Pterophyllum crassinervum are formally proposed. Based on a comprehensive interspecific comparison of Pterophyllum species, we confirm that the occurrence of mucronate teeth on pinnae apices is a rare character among this plant group. Considering the predominant position of Bennettitales (especially Pterophyllum) and active herbivories (especially marginal/apical feeding) during the latest Triassic in northeastern Sichuan Basin, the appearance of mucronate teeth may represents the plant-insect co-evolutionary results.

蕨类植物（Pterophyllum Brongniart 1825）是中国有记录的蕨类植物中最丰富的形态属之一，至少有157种。在众多的蕨类植物中，P. crassinervum Huang et Chow最初仅仅是基于不充分的大形态特征和有限的化石记录而建立的。本文基于四川盆地东北部上三叠统雷提亚地层的新化石，对该物种进行了详细的描述和种间比较，并首次揭示了其表皮结构。对蕨类植物的重新研究证实了其分类学的有效性，并确定了该物种与同类植物分离的标准标准。本文正式提出了一种新类型和一种带有补充显微结构的修正特异诊断。在对蕨类植物种间比较的基础上，我们证实在蕨类植物中，羽尖上出现短尖齿是一种罕见的特征。考虑到川东北地区晚三叠纪贝类（尤其是蕨类）和活跃的食草类（尤其是边缘/顶端摄食）的优势地位，短齿齿的出现可能代表了植物-昆虫共同进化的结果。

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引用次数: 0

A new Late Pleistocene Trapa (Lythraceae) species from the Nepal Himalaya and its implications for biogeography and paleoenvironment 尼泊尔-喜马拉雅地区晚更新世一新种及其生物地理和古环境意义

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2026.105521

Dhan Bahadur Khatri , Weilin Zhang , Maodu Yan , Cuirong Yu , Xiaomin Fang , Purushottam Adhikari , Gaurav Srivastava , Fuli Wu , Jinbo Zan , Khum Narayan Paudayal

The genus Trapa L. (Lythraceae) encompasses annual, free-floating plants, predominantly distributed across tropical to warm temperate regions. Despite its extensive modern biogeographic range, the Himalayan fossil record of Trapa remains exceedingly sparse, with previously documented occurrences restricted to the Pliocene-Pleistocene deposits in the western Himalayas. Herein, we describe a newly discovered fossil fruit of Trapa from the Late Pleistocene of the northeastern Kathmandu Basin, Nepal, designated Trapa gokarnansis D.B. Khatri sp. nov. The specimen displays diagnostic morphological characteristics, including a woody pericarp, obovate shape, wider upper two horns, a conspicuously swollen and broadly cylindrical neck region, an obtriangular basal structure, and the absence of both a corona and a basal residual stalk. Its strong morphological affinities to the extant Trapa natans provide evidence for substantial post-Miocene evolutionary modification and divergence between European and Asian lineages, primarily influenced by regional environmental changes following the India-Asia collision. The fossil indicates that hydrologically closed basins served as refugia for Trapa colonization in the shallow littoral zones of freshwater lacustrine ecosystems. We infer that its proliferation was synchronous with a phase of lacustrine expansion, likely driven by enhanced Indian summer monsoon precipitation and riverine inputs into the basin. The presence of T. gokarnansis further indicates its survival through a climatic transition to cooler (mean temperature depression of 6–7 °C) and wetter conditions than at present. Consequently, this finding extends the documented paleobiogeographic range of Trapa into the eastern Himalayas and provides critical new constraints on Quaternary paleoenvironments and lacustrine ecosystem dynamics influenced by orographic uplift.

赤藓属（Lythraceae）包括一年生，自由漂浮的植物，主要分布在热带到暖温带地区。尽管特拉帕的现代生物地理范围很广，但喜马拉雅地区的化石记录仍然非常稀少，以前记录的事件仅限于喜马拉雅山西部的上新世-更新世沉积物。本文描述了尼泊尔加德满都盆地东北部晚更新世新发现的Trapa果化石，命名为Trapa gokarnansis D.B. Khatri sp. 11 .该标本具有诊断性的形态学特征，包括木质果皮，倒卵形，上两个角较宽，颈部明显肿胀且呈宽柱状，基底结构为倒三角形，没有日冠和基部残余茎。它在形态上与现存的特拉帕纳塔人有很强的相似性，这为中新世以后欧洲和亚洲谱系的进化改变和分化提供了证据，这主要是受印度-亚洲碰撞后区域环境变化的影响。该化石表明，在淡水湖泊生态系统的浅海岸带，水文封闭的盆地是特拉帕生物殖民的避难所。我们推断，它的扩散与湖泊扩张的一个阶段是同步的，可能是由印度夏季风降水增加和河流输入盆地驱动的。T. gokarnansis的存在进一步表明，它在气候过渡到比现在更冷（平均温度下降6-7°C）和更潮湿的条件下存活。因此，这一发现将特拉帕的古生物地理范围扩展到喜马拉雅东部，并为第四纪古环境和受地形隆升影响的湖泊生态系统动力学提供了重要的新约束。

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引用次数: 0

Systematic revision of the non-pollen palynomorph Palambages Wetzel, 1961 非花粉型孢粉形态植物的系统订正[j]

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2026.105501

Facundo De Benedetti , María C. Zamaloa , María A. Gandolfo , Néstor R. Cúneo

The fossil non-pollen palynomorph genus Palambages Wetzel comprises spheroidal bodies, composed of many oval, membranous cells. The original generic diagnosis was imprecise and overly broad. Herein, its diagnosis is emended through three main modifications: 1) the number of constituent cells per cluster follows a 2ⁿ pattern; 2) clusters are exclusively hollow and comprise a single peripheral layer of thin-walled cells; and 3) each cell possesses a central operculate aperture on the outer face. The new revised description minimizes overlapping with other morphologically similar cell clusters. The type species, Palambages morulosa, is also emended. All six species previously attributed to Palambages are reassessed to evaluate their taxonomic placement. P. morulosa and P. trilicius are retained within Palambages. Three species are transferred to the fungal spore genera Papulosporonites (i.e., Papulosporonites canadensis comb. nov., and Papulosporonites polycellularis comb. nov.) and Polyadosporites (i.e., Polyadosporites colonicus comb. nov.). The species P. pariunta probably represents a new genus and species pending direct examination of its type material. Notably, the two species retained in the genus have been recovered from marine to brackish deposits, suggesting an affinity with marine phytoplankton—a hypothesis further supported by sedimentological and paleontological proxies.

非花粉孢粉孢属古孢粉孢属的化石由许多卵圆形膜细胞组成的球状体组成。最初的通用诊断是不精确和过于宽泛的。在此，其诊断通过三个主要修改进行修正：1)每簇组成细胞的数量遵循2n模式；2)团簇完全中空并且包含薄壁细胞的单个外围层；以及3)每个细胞在其外表面具有一个中央多孔孔。新修订的描述最大限度地减少了与其他形态相似的细胞簇的重叠。模式种Palambages morulosa也进行了修订。所有6种以前归属于Palambages重新评估，以评估其分类位置。P. morulosa和P. trilicius被保留在Palambages中。三个种被转移到真菌孢子属巴布亚孢子虫（即，巴布亚孢子虫加拿大梳）。和多胞孢子虫梳状体。11月)和Polyadosporites（即Polyadosporites colonicus comb）。11月)。P. pariunta可能代表了一个新的属和种，有待于对其模式材料的直接检验。值得注意的是，该属中保留的两个物种都是从海洋到半咸淡水沉积物中发现的，这表明它们与海洋浮游植物有亲缘关系——这一假设得到了沉积学和古生物学指标的进一步支持。

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