Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology最新文献_第4页

Late Holocene palsa formation in northern Fennoscandia: Fossil pollen indication and climatic trigger

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2024-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105253

Vlasta Jankovská , Milena Kociánová , Lydie Dudová

Palsa is a peat mound with a permanently frozen core, occurring in the (sub)polar zone. So far, the history of European palsa mires has been investigated mainly by means of analysis of plant macroremains. To better understand how the formation of palsa is reflected in pollen records, we investigated fossil pollen of two sites in northern Fennoscandia: a conical palsa close to Abisko National Park (NW Sweden) and low palsa mire close to Nikel, Kola Peninsula (NW Russia).

At both sites, the formation of palsa is demonstrated by the same pattern in pollen record: decrease of Cyperaceae pollen and Pteridophyta and Lycopodiophyta spores, and the associated increase of ericoid dwarf shrubs and Rubus chamaemorus pollen. This pattern represents the change from a wet fen to a dry bog plant community after the uplift of the palsa mound above the surrounding terrain.

The age of both palsas formation around 2370 cal BP (Abisko) and 2270 cal BP (Nikel) falls in the two main periods of palsa initiation in Europe and thus represents further evidence of significant cooling in the period 2600–2100 cal BP. At both investigated sites, this cooling is also reflected by the decline of pine and the expansion of birch tundra.

Besides new original data, we provide an overview of so-far dated palsa formation in northern Fennoscandia and an interpretative key for identifying palsa in the palaeoecological record, based on plant species typical of the different stages of palsa development.

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引用次数: 0

Intraspecific pollen morphological variations and their importance to characterize species boundaries: A review. 种内花粉形态变异及其对确定物种界线的重要性：综述。

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105248

Gamal E.B. El Ghazali

Intraspecific structural variations in pollen grains are widespread in angiosperms. The aims of the present review are to track down intraspecific variability in various pollen morphological features, and to evaluate their taxonomic significance in defining species boundaries. Shape of pollen grains, sculptures, aperture types and numbers, muri textures, presence/absence of opercula, folded ectexines and pollen corpus (in bisaccate pollen grains) were encountered to exhibit intraspecific variations in the various taxa examined. These structural characteristics were recognized to be associated with variations of evolutionary effects, in the spatial arrangements and structural diversity of the styles (heterostyly, enantiostyly, stigma-height dimorphism, inverostyly), anthers (heteranthery), stigma textures, and the reproductive (breeding) systems (androdioecy, dioecy, andromonoecy) of the flowers. Other internal (polyploidy) and external factors (environmental) linked with structural intraspecific pollen variations were also considered. In order to characterize intraspecific boundaries and to test the credibility of these characters, various statistical tools were surveyed to identify characters of diagnostic taxonomic values.

在被子植物中，花粉粒的种内结构变异非常普遍。本综述旨在追踪各种花粉形态特征的种内变异，并评估其在确定物种界限方面的分类学意义。在所研究的不同类群中，花粉粒的形状、雕刻、孔的类型和数量、花粉纹理、厣的存在/不存在、折叠的外稃和花粉体（在双囊花粉粒中）均表现出种内差异。这些结构特征被认为与花柱（异柄、对柄、柱头高度二形、倒柄）、花药（异花药）、柱头纹理和生殖（繁殖）系统（雄花、雌花、雄花）的空间排列和结构多样性的进化效应有关。此外，还考虑了与种内花粉结构变异有关的其他内部（多倍体）和外部（环境）因素。为了确定种内界限并检验这些特征的可信度，研究人员使用了各种统计工具，以确定具有分类学诊断价值的特征。

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引用次数: 0

Oldest menispermaceous endocarp fossil from the Deccan Intertrappean Beds of Central India and its biogeographic implications

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105249

Sanchita Kumar , Steven R. Manchester , Mahasin Ali Khan

Palaeosinomenium Chandler, a fossil genus of the Menispermaceae, has a characteristic endocarp morphology that is easily identified in the fossil floras. Palaeosinomenium was widely distributed in the Paleogene, based on reports from North America, Europe, and East Asia, but was not known from South Asia. Here, we recognize a new fossil-species, Palaeosinomenium indicum sp. nov., based on an endocarp mold and locule cast from the latest Maastrichtian (late Cretaceous)-earliest Danian (early Paleocene) sediments (c. 66–65 Ma old) of the Deccan Intertrappean beds of the Umariya site in Madhya Pradesh, Central India. This new species is characterized by a horseshoe-shaped endocarp with a broad-rounded dorsal margin, almost equal limbs, and a nearly straight ventral margin. It has one dorsal ridge, shallowly concave lateral faces, and a pair of c-shaped lateral ridges one on each side of the plane of bisymmetry, and about 19 radially aligned dorsal ribs. This new finding is the earliest fossil fruit evidence of Menispermaceae indicating an early occurrence of the family in Gondwana.

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引用次数: 0

Morphology, epidermal features and δ13C signature of Lopingian (late Permian) conifers 罗平期（二叠纪晚期）针叶树的形态、表皮特征和δ13C特征

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105239

Giuseppa Forte , Roberta Branz , Nereo Preto , Evelyn Kustatscher

Conifers, the most successful group of Permian gymnosperms, dominate the famous Bletterbach (Dolomites, NE-Italy) plant fossil assemblage, a highly diverse and well-documented late Permian (Lopingian) flora. An integrated analysis of morphology, cuticles and isotope geochemistry was carried out on approximately 50 conifer shoots across five genera (Ortiseia, Majonica, Dolomitia, Pseudovoltzia and Quadrocladus) and eight species, including three (Pseudovoltzia sjerpii, Quadrocladus solmsii, Quadrocladus cf. orobiformis) described for the first time from Bletterbach. Taxon-specific carbon isotope analyses reveal intra-specific and/or intra-generic variability, identifying a unique geochemical composition for Majonica alpina, which may reflect a possible species-specific geochemical signature or adaptation to particular environmental conditions. The isotopic differences observed between leaves and axes indicate the preservation of distinct isotopic ratios in photosynthetic versus heterotrophic tissues, underscoring the importance of sampling multiple plant parts to accurately capture individual and taxonomic isotopic variability. The study of stable isotopes of organic carbon on well-preserved plant remains is enhanced the paleoenvironmental reconstruction of the Bletterbach flora.

针叶树是二叠纪最成功的裸子植物群，在著名的 Bletterbach（意大利东北部多洛米蒂山）植物化石群中占主导地位，该化石群是一个高度多样化且有据可查的二叠纪晚期（侏罗纪）植物群。对大约 50 株针叶树嫩枝的形态、角质层和同位素地球化学进行了综合分析，涉及 5 个属（Ortiseia、Majonica、Dolomitia、Pseudovoltzia 和 Quadrocladus）和 8 个种，其中包括首次在 Bletterbach 发现的 3 个种（Pseudovoltzia sjerpii、Quadrocladus solmsii、Quadrocladus cf. orobiformis）。分类群的碳同位素分析表明，Majonica alpina具有种内和/或属内变异性，确定了其独特的地球化学组成，这可能反映了物种特有的地球化学特征或对特定环境条件的适应。在叶片和轴之间观察到的同位素差异表明，光合组织和异养组织中保存了不同的同位素比率，这突出了对植物多个部位取样以准确捕捉个体和分类同位素变异的重要性。对保存完好的植物遗骸进行有机碳稳定同位素研究，有助于重建 Bletterbach 植物区系的古环境。

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引用次数: 0

Multiporate Poaceae pollen grains observed in the recent fossil record from the Greater Serengeti Ecosystem and Lake Victoria region 在大塞伦盖蒂生态系统和维多利亚湖地区最近的化石记录中观察到的多种植物花粉粒

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105240

Colin J. Courtney Mustaphi , Sandra O. Camara-Brugger , Anneli Ekblom , Linus Munishi , Rebecca Kariuki , Anna Shoemaker , Paul Lane , Rob Marchant

The analysis of fossil pollen from sediments is used to understand past vegetation and land cover variability. The observations of multiporate Poaceae pollen from sediments have received little attention in the literature and causes and rates of occurrence have few estimates, and the rates observed in the sediments are much lower than estimates observed from modern plants in Asia. Pollen analysis of the uppermost sediments from Speke Gulf, Lake Victoria, eastern Africa, showed relative abundances of Poaceae between 65 and 75% during the past centuries. A total of 19 of the ∼ 11,000 Poaceae pollen grains observed had conspicuous morphological variations and were documented. More consistent presence of abnormal grains occurred since the mid twentieth century, at the same time of increased anthropogenic environmental stressors. Multiporate pollen grains of Poaceae have been previously observed in Asia, South America, and northern Africa, predominantly in the Panicoideae subfamily. Morphological variations may present an added challenge for automated pollen identification techniques and descriptions of fossil pollen.

分析沉积物中的化石花粉可用于了解过去植被和土地覆盖的变化。从沉积物中观察到的多生禾本科花粉在文献中很少受到关注，对其发生的原因和发生率也很少有估计，沉积物中观察到的发生率远远低于从亚洲现代植物中观察到的估计值。对非洲东部维多利亚湖斯皮克湾最上层沉积物的花粉分析表明，在过去几个世纪中，禾本科植物的相对丰度在 65% 到 75% 之间。在观察到的∼11,000个Poaceae花粉粒中，共有19个存在明显的形态变化并被记录在案。自二十世纪中叶以来，在人为环境压力增加的同时，异常颗粒的出现更为一致。以前曾在亚洲、南美洲和非洲北部观察到过 Poaceae 的多型花粉粒，主要是在 Panicoideae 亚科中。形态变异可能会给花粉自动识别技术和花粉化石描述带来更多挑战。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of the Younger Dryas dry event on equatorial forest ecosystems: Insight from Lake Child, Manengouba crater, Cameroon 小干纪干旱事件对赤道森林生态系统的影响：来自喀麦隆马嫩古巴火山口柴尔德湖的启示

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105237

A.-M. Lézine , B. Turcq , T. Desjardins , M. Mandeng-Yogo , F. Cetin , B. Tchiengué , G. Achoundong

This paper presents the pollen, microcharcoal and geochemical data generated by a sediment core extracted from Lake Child in the Manengouba massif of Cameroon (MAN-01: 5.02996 N, 9.822910E; 1948 m asl) covering the time interval between 15.4 and 9.6 ka. With an exceptional sedimentation rate of up to 13 cm per year, this record represents the highest resolution of the environmental changes that took place in the highlands of equatorial Atlantic Africa during the last deglaciation. Our study shows (1) that the Younger Dryas (YD) dry event consisted of two distinct phases: a dry phase between 12.8 and 11.7 ka followed by a wetter and colder phase between 11.7 and 11.3 ka; (2) that the Afromontane forest elements that were present during the last glacial period were replaced by sub-montane forest elements during the Holocene; (3) that vegetation and the hydrological environment have not always evolved in parallel: this was particularly the case at the YD/Holocene transition when the abrupt shift in hydrological conditions contrasted with the gradual spread of forests.

本文介绍了从喀麦隆马嫩古巴山丘（MAN-01：北纬 5.02996，东经 9.822910；海拔 1948 米）的 Child 湖提取的沉积岩芯所产生的花粉、微炭和地球化学数据，时间跨度为 15.4 ka 至 9.6 ka。该记录以每年高达 13 厘米的超常沉积速率，代表了最后一次脱冰期非洲赤道大西洋高地环境变化的最高分辨率。我们的研究表明：（1）年轻干旱期（YD）的干旱事件由两个不同的阶段组成：在 12.8 ka 到 11.7 ka 之间的干旱阶段，随后是 11.7 ka 到 11.3 ka 之间的湿润和寒冷阶段；（2）在 11.7 ka 到 11.3 ka 之间的湿润和寒冷阶段。(3) 植被与水文环境并不总是同步演化的：在 YD 与全新世过渡时期，水文条件的突然转变与森林的逐渐扩展形成鲜明对比，情况尤其如此。

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引用次数: 0

Mid-Pleistocene pollen types of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Colônia, São Paulo, Brazil)

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105234

Olga Aquino Alfonso, Marie-Pierre Ledru

We present 146 types of fossil palynomorphs deposited in Mid-Pleistocene sediment in the basin of Colônia, SE Brazil, with the aim of improving our knowledge of past plant diversity of the Atlantic Forest. Morphological description, photographs and ecological information are given for Algae (one type), Bryophyta (one type), Pteridophyte (nine identified and four non-identified types), Gymnosperms (three types), Nymphaeales (one type), Magnoliids (two types), Monocots (nine types) and Eudicots clade (116 types). The most represented botanical families in number of types are Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Malvaceae, Rubiaceae and Sapotaceae. Our inventory highlights palynomorphs associated with ombrophilous forest physiognomy during the Mid-Pleistocene. We identify key palynomorphs related to modern distribution, such as Araucaria and Podocarpus, both rare in the current vegetation of the Colônia region, while Acaena, Caryocar, and Ephedra are absent. Additionally, moisture-affinity taxa, like Isoetes spores, indicate a lacustrine environment. This catalog will serve as a valuable tool for research extending beyond the Colônia basin to Atlantic Forest palynology broadly.

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引用次数: 0

Seeds Alapaja (Cupressaceae) from the Cretaceous of Western Siberia and their paleo-DNA 西西伯利亚西部白垩纪的Alapaja（濯缨草科）种子及其古DNA

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105236

A.A. Torshilova, I.A. Ozerov, N.A. Zhinkina, A.V. Rodionov

The article presents the results of cytoembryological research of the structure of fossil seeds in coniferous plants Alapaja cf. uralensis (Cupressaceae) from the Cenomanian–Turonian deposits of Western Siberia (age about 91.5 ± 8.5 Mya), and the results of the Feulgen test for the preservation of their structures' paleo-DNA in the nuclei. The study revealed the presence of fragments of embryo, megagametophyte and nucellus in the seed. The presence of megaspore membrane was also identified in the seed. The seed coat is 2–3-layered, the upper layer is very thin and presents just partially, and the middle layer of testa is represented by sclerotesta, the lower layer cells are fused into a single mass. It was established that nuclei are present in the cells of the embryo, megagametophyte and nucellus, however, in most cases, the DNA-deoxyribose skeleton, serving as a target for the Schiff reagent during the Feulgen reaction, is not cytologically detected in the nuclear chromatin. Only in two cases: in fragments of presumably embryonic tissue and megagametophyte, nuclei with a positive reaction according to Felgen were found, which indicates the preservation of aldehyde groups of deoxyribose in the nuclei of its individual parts.

文章介绍了对西西伯利亚西冕-土伦沉积（年龄约 91.5 ± 8.5 Mya）中针叶植物 Alapaja cf. uralensis（冲天香科）化石种子结构进行细胞胚胎学研究的结果，以及对种子核中保存的古 DNA 结构进行费尔根检验的结果。研究发现，种子中存在胚、巨孢子体和核仁的碎片。种子中还发现了巨孢子膜。种皮有 2-3 层，上层很薄，只呈现出一部分，种皮的中层由硬核代表，下层细胞融合成一个整体。已确定胚、巨型叶和核细胞中都有细胞核，但在大多数情况下，核染色质中并不能从细胞学角度检测到作为费尔根反应中希夫试剂靶标的脱氧核糖骨架。只有在两种情况下：在推测为胚胎组织的碎片和巨型植物体中，发现了根据费尔根反应呈阳性反应的细胞核，这表明脱氧核糖的醛基团保留在其各个部分的细胞核中。

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引用次数: 0

Phytolith spectra of the monotypic grass Danthonidium gammiei (Bhide) Hubb. in Hook. (Danthonioideae) from Northern Western Ghats, India: Taxonomic and environmental significance of its distinctive Bilobates 印度北部西高止山单型草 Danthonidium gammiei (Bhide) Hubb. in Hook.(Danthonioideae)：其独特双叶植物的分类和环境意义

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105235

Ranita Biswas , Manjuree Karmakar , Madhab Naskar , Oindrila Biswas , K. Althaf Ahamed Kabeer , Subir Bera

Grass Silica Short Cell Phytoliths (GSSCPs) are regarded as a potential adjunctive tool for grass subfamily identification owing to their definite morphology and affinity towards certain grass subfamilies. In the present study phytolith spectra of the monotypic genus Danthonidium gammiei (Bhide) Hubb. in Hook., collected from northern Western Ghats, Maharashtra is studied in detail for the first time. This grass profusely produces Bilobates along with other GSSCPs and Elongate types. A thorough study is undertaken to find out potential of the Danthonidium gammiei Bilobates in distinguishing this grass from other major Bilobate producing grass sub-families like Panicoideae and Aristidoideae. The possible relationship between Bilobates specific for Danthonidium gammiei and the intensity of rainfall in northern Western Ghats is also discussed here. Statistical analyses (PCA, CA, and CCA) also establish the potential of Bilobate phytoliths in identifying Danthonioideae subfamily and discriminating different rainfall zones of the region.

草硅质短细胞植物岩石（GSSCPs）因其明确的形态和与某些草亚科的亲缘关系，被视为鉴定草亚科的潜在辅助工具。本研究首次详细研究了从马哈拉施特拉邦西高止山北部采集的单型属 Danthonidium gammiei (Bhide) Hubb. in Hook.这种草大量生产双叶草以及其他 GSSCPs 和细长型草。通过深入研究，发现 Danthonidium gammiei Bilobates 有可能将这种草与其他主要产 Bilobates 的禾本科亚科（如 Panicoideae 和 Aristidoideae）区分开来。本文还讨论了 Danthonidium gammiei 的特异双叶草与西高止山北部降雨强度之间可能存在的关系。统计分析（PCA、CA 和 CCA）也证实了 Bilobate 植物岩石在识别 Danthonioideae 亚科和区分该地区不同降雨区方面的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Organic walled dinoflagellate cyst biostratigraphy of the Bartonian/Priabonian GSSP Alano di Piave section, NE Italy 意大利东北部巴顿纪/普里阿本纪 GSSP Alano di Piave 断面的有机壁甲藻囊生物地层学

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105233

Alina I. Iakovleva

The present paper augments the multidisciplinary stratigraphic analysis of the Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) Bartonian-Priabonian boundary Alano di Piave section (NE Italy). Twenty-seven stratigraphically signficant organic walled dinoflagellate cyst events, calibrated against the magnetostratigraphic polarity timescale, and earlier established zonations based on calcareous microfossils are recognized. Among these events the first occurrence (FO) of Oligokolpoma agniniae sp. nov. (∼ 8 m below the GSSP boundary), and the FO of Reticulatosphaera actinocoronata (∼ 8 m above the GSSP boundary) may be considered as additional stratigraphic indicators for the Bartonian-Priabonian boundary. Six new potentially stratigraphically significant species Heteraulacacysta alanoensis sp. nov., Heteraulacacysta reticulata sp. nov., Impagidinium bellunoensis sp. nov., Impagidinium veneziaense sp. nov., Lophocysta domenicorioi sp. nov., and Oligokolpoma agniniae sp. nov. are formally described.

本文扩充了对全球地层剖面和点（GSSP）巴尔特期-普里亚布期边界 Alano di Piave 断面（意大利东北部）的多学科地层分析。根据磁极地层极性时间尺度和早期根据钙质微化石建立的分区，确认了 27 个具有地层意义的有机壁甲藻囊事件。在这些事件中，Oligokolpoma agniniae sp.nov.的首次出现（FO）（GSSP 边界下 8 米）和 Reticulatosphaera actinocoronata 的 FO（GSSP 边界上 8 米）可被视为巴顿期-前海盆期边界的额外地层指标。正式描述了六个可能具有重要地层意义的新物种：Heteraulacacysta alanoensis sp.nov.、Heteraulacacysta reticulata sp.nov.、Impagidinium bellunoensis sp.nov.、Impagidinium veneziaense sp.nov.、Lophocysta domenicorioi sp.nov.和 Oligokolpoma agniniae sp.nov.。

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引用次数: 0