Pub Date : 2025-09-17DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105450
Zbyněk Šimůnek , Christopher J. Cleal
The stomatal structure of the medullosalean frond species Odontopteris schlotheimii is documented for the first time. This supports the view that it is taxonomically distinct from the morphologically similar but rather older frond-species Odontopteris cantabrica. Evidence is also presented that supports the view that the types of Neuropteris pseudoblissii are conspecific with O. schlotheimii.
{"title":"New data on medullosalean foliage Odontopteris schlotheimii from the uppermost Carboniferous–lowermost Permian of central and eastern Europe","authors":"Zbyněk Šimůnek , Christopher J. Cleal","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105450","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105450","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The stomatal structure of the medullosalean frond species <em>Odontopteris schlotheimii</em> is documented for the first time. This supports the view that it is taxonomically distinct from the morphologically similar but rather older frond-species <em>Odontopteris cantabrica.</em> Evidence is also presented that supports the view that the types of <em>Neuropteris pseudoblissii</em> are conspecific with <em>O. schlotheimii</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"344 ","pages":"Article 105450"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145265929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-15DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105448
Michael H. Stephenson , Shuzhong Shen , Junxuan Fan , Linshu Hu , Jin Qi
Palaeoclimate modelling of two time slices, Serpukhovian to Bashkirian (Carboniferous), and Gzhelian to early Sakmarian (latest Carboniferous to Early Permian), indicates marked changes in palynological assemblages from 30°S and 50°S across the Gondwana and Tethys margin. Both time slices indicate a distinct cold climate assemblage dominated by cheilocardioid spores, while a warmer climate with mean annual temperature above 19 °C appears to encourage the growth of plants that produced Euramerican coal belt spores such as Vestispora fenestrata and Reticulatisporites polygonalis. It is possible that the parent plants of cingulicamerate spores such as Lundbladispora spp., though tolerant of cold conditions, were not tolerant of the coldest conditions (for example below 0 °C).
{"title":"Effect of steep climate gradient on palynological assemblages on the Arabian part of the Tethys shore in two Carboniferous-Permian ice age time slices","authors":"Michael H. Stephenson , Shuzhong Shen , Junxuan Fan , Linshu Hu , Jin Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105448","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105448","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Palaeoclimate modelling of two time slices, Serpukhovian to Bashkirian (Carboniferous), and Gzhelian to early Sakmarian (latest Carboniferous to Early Permian), indicates marked changes in palynological assemblages from 30°S and 50°S across the Gondwana and Tethys margin. Both time slices indicate a distinct cold climate assemblage dominated by cheilocardioid spores, while a warmer climate with mean annual temperature above 19 °C appears to encourage the growth of plants that produced Euramerican coal belt spores such as <em>Vestispora fenestrata</em> and <em>Reticulatisporites polygonalis</em>. It is possible that the parent plants of cingulicamerate spores such as <em>Lundbladispora</em> spp., though tolerant of cold conditions, were not tolerant of the coldest conditions (for example below 0 °C).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"344 ","pages":"Article 105448"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145095657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-11DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105447
Gonzalo Rodriguez Rizk, Bárbara Cariglino
Marattialean ferns were key components of Paleozoic wetland ecosystems, yet their biogeographic history in Gondwana remains poorly resolved. While Cyathocarpus is well documented from Euramerica and Cathaysia, no species had been recognized in Gondwana—until now. We describe Cyathocarpus polinensis sp. nov. from the Guadalupian La Golondrina Formation of Patagonia, Argentina, representing the first Gondwanan record of the genus. The species exhibits a distinctive arrangement of synangial rows that do not contact the midvein or pinnule margins and are consistently absent from the apical and basal regions of the pinnules. The midvein is conspicuous, straight, and divides fanwise near the apex; lateral veins bifurcate once, close to the midvein. This discovery extends the paleogeographic range of Cyathocarpus and supports a dispersal scenario from Euramerica into southern Gondwana during the Cisuralian. These findings call for a critical reassessment of comparable Gondwanan taxa and underscore the role of southwestern Gondwana as a refugium and center of marattialean diversification during postglacial climatic recovery.
摘要蕨类植物是古生代湿地生态系统的重要组成部分，但其在冈瓦纳的生物地理历史仍未得到很好的解决。虽然Cyathocarpus在欧洲和华夏都有很好的记录，但直到现在，冈瓦纳还没有发现任何物种。我们描述了来自阿根廷巴塔哥尼亚Guadalupian La Golondrina组的Cyathocarpus polinensis sp. 11 .，代表了该属的第一个冈瓦纳记录。该种表现出一种独特的排列，不接触中脉或小穗边缘的同质行，并且始终不存在于小穗的顶端和基部区域。中脉明显，直，并在先端附近扇形分开；侧脉分叉一次，靠近中脉。这一发现扩大了Cyathocarpus的古地理范围，并支持了一种从欧洲到冈瓦纳南部的分布情况。这些发现要求对冈瓦纳的类群进行批判性的重新评估，并强调冈瓦纳西南部在冰川后气候恢复期间作为避难所和物种多样化中心的作用。
{"title":"First record of Cyathocarpus (Marattiales) in Gondwana: A new species from the Permian of Patagonia, Argentina","authors":"Gonzalo Rodriguez Rizk, Bárbara Cariglino","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105447","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Marattialean ferns were key components of Paleozoic wetland ecosystems, yet their biogeographic history in Gondwana remains poorly resolved. While <em>Cyathocarpus</em> is well documented from Euramerica and Cathaysia, no species had been recognized in Gondwana—until now. We describe <em>Cyathocarpus polinensis</em> sp. nov. from the Guadalupian La Golondrina Formation of Patagonia, Argentina, representing the first Gondwanan record of the genus. The species exhibits a distinctive arrangement of synangial rows that do not contact the midvein or pinnule margins and are consistently absent from the apical and basal regions of the pinnules. The midvein is conspicuous, straight, and divides fanwise near the apex; lateral veins bifurcate once, close to the midvein. This discovery extends the paleogeographic range of <em>Cyathocarpus</em> and supports a dispersal scenario from Euramerica into southern Gondwana during the Cisuralian. These findings call for a critical reassessment of comparable Gondwanan taxa and underscore the role of southwestern Gondwana as a refugium and center of marattialean diversification during postglacial climatic recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"344 ","pages":"Article 105447"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145095656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-11DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105449
Tomas Ezequiel Pedernera , Cecilia Andrea Benavente
The Santa Clara Arriba Formation is an Anisian unit representing a lacustrine deltaic depositional setting that forms part of the El Peñasco Group Santa Clara sub-basin (Cuyana Basin, Mendoza, Argentina). The objective of this contribution is to present new plant fossil findings and a preliminary taphonomic evaluation of the Santa Clara Arriba Formation. It also includes a comparison and analysis of the paleobotanical record of the Santa Clara Arriba Formation with other units of the El Peñasco Group and Anisian units in Argentina. The plant fossil assemblage of the Santa Clara Arriba Formation comprises Equisetales (Equisetales indet.), Osmundales (Cladophlebis spp.), Marattiales (Danaeopsis sp.), Umkomasiales (Fanerotheca cf. papilioformis), Peltaspermales (Peltaspermum spp.), Coniferales (Pagiophyllum sp.), and gymnosperms of uncertain affinity (undeterminated leaves, ?Cordaicarpus sp., ovules/seeds, and strobili). Remains were recorded in delta-plain facies, and their preservation is attributed to rapid sedimentation and a persistent high-water table. The plant paleocommunities are interpreted as forests dominated by gymnosperms, and an understory comprising Osmundales, and Marattiales, while Equisetales formed riparian communities along water margins. The taxonomic composition of the assemblage is consistent with other Triassic floras from the region. The Santa Clara Arriba Formation provides a valuable opportunity to elucidate the relationship between Anisian vegetation and climate in Gondwana, owing to its paleogeographic setting, well-preserved fossil record, and robust geochronological framework.
{"title":"Paleobotanical insights from the Santa Clara Arriba Formation (Anisian, Middle Triassic, Cuyana Basin, West Gondwana)","authors":"Tomas Ezequiel Pedernera , Cecilia Andrea Benavente","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105449","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105449","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Santa Clara Arriba Formation is an Anisian unit representing a lacustrine deltaic depositional setting that forms part of the El Peñasco Group Santa Clara sub-basin (Cuyana Basin, Mendoza, Argentina). The objective of this contribution is to present new plant fossil findings and a preliminary taphonomic evaluation of the Santa Clara Arriba Formation. It also includes a comparison and analysis of the paleobotanical record of the Santa Clara Arriba Formation with other units of the El Peñasco Group and Anisian units in Argentina. The plant fossil assemblage of the Santa Clara Arriba Formation comprises Equisetales (<em>Equisetales</em> indet.), Osmundales (<em>Cladophlebis</em> spp.), Marattiales (<em>Danaeopsis</em> sp.), Umkomasiales (<em>Fanerotheca</em> cf. <em>papilioformis</em>), Peltaspermales (<em>Peltaspermum</em> spp.), Coniferales (<em>Pagiophyllum</em> sp.), and gymnosperms of uncertain affinity (undeterminated leaves, ?<em>Cordaicarpus</em> sp., ovules/seeds, and strobili). Remains were recorded in delta-plain facies, and their preservation is attributed to rapid sedimentation and a persistent high-water table. The plant paleocommunities are interpreted as forests dominated by gymnosperms, and an understory comprising Osmundales, and Marattiales, while Equisetales formed riparian communities along water margins. The taxonomic composition of the assemblage is consistent with other Triassic floras from the region. The Santa Clara Arriba Formation provides a valuable opportunity to elucidate the relationship between Anisian vegetation and climate in Gondwana, owing to its paleogeographic setting, well-preserved fossil record, and robust geochronological framework.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"344 ","pages":"Article 105449"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145095655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-10DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105430
Alyne Daniele Alves Pimentel , Cristiane Krug , Vanessa Holanda Righetti De Abreu , Marcos Gonçalves Ferreira
This study aimed to identify the botanical origin of Melipona interrupta honey produced in agroforestry backyards (AB) by traditional communities near the confluences of the Amazon and Tapajós Rivers. For comparison purposes, stingless beehives were installed in a secondary forest (SF) environment as well. In all, forty-four honey samples were analyzed from four meliponaries in two areas (AB1 and AB2; SF1 and SF2) between July 2021 and June 2022 in Arapixuna. In AB1, 25 pollen types were found in the honey samples and, in AB2, 22 were found. More than 50% of the pollen types found in the honey samples in the ABs were related to plants present only in the SF, indicating that the bees left the ABs and collected pollen in the SF. The main resources collected by M. interrupta for honey composition were Protium heptaphyllum present in 70% of the samples, followed by Triplaris type (68%), Psidium guajava (52%), Bellucia imperialis and Eugenia biflora (38%) and Tapirira guianensis (34%). The survey of botanical species in the ABs indicated that most plant species were fruit trees; however, the bees visited a low percentage of these plants. When analyzing the SF samples, a behavioral pattern of foraging was observed which was similar to those of the ABs. These data indicate that the two environments studied have melliferous characteristics that favor beekeeping. Moreover, ABs also have advantageous characteristics in relation to the SF, such as improved protection of colonies against invaders/theft of honey and the ease of maintenance of the colonies.
{"title":"The role of agroforestry yards in the diet of Melipona (Melikerria) interrupta Latreille, 1811 (Hymenoptera, Apidae) in a terra-firme environment near the confluence of the Amazon and Tapajós Rivers","authors":"Alyne Daniele Alves Pimentel , Cristiane Krug , Vanessa Holanda Righetti De Abreu , Marcos Gonçalves Ferreira","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105430","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105430","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to identify the botanical origin of <em>Melipona interrupta</em> honey produced in agroforestry backyards (AB) by traditional communities near the confluences of the Amazon and Tapajós Rivers. For comparison purposes, stingless beehives were installed in a secondary forest (SF) environment as well. In all, forty-four honey samples were analyzed from four meliponaries in two areas (AB1 and AB2; SF1 and SF2) between July 2021 and June 2022 in Arapixuna. In AB1, 25 pollen types were found in the honey samples and, in AB2, 22 were found. More than 50% of the pollen types found in the honey samples in the ABs were related to plants present only in the SF, indicating that the bees left the ABs and collected pollen in the SF. The main resources collected by <em>M. interrupta</em> for honey composition were <em>Protium heptaphyllum</em> present in 70% of the samples, followed by <em>Triplaris</em> type (68%), <em>Psidium guajava</em> (52%), <em>Bellucia imperialis</em> and <em>Eugenia biflora</em> (38%) and <em>Tapirira guianensis</em> (34%). The survey of botanical species in the ABs indicated that most plant species were fruit trees; however, the bees visited a low percentage of these plants. When analyzing the SF samples, a behavioral pattern of foraging was observed which was similar to those of the ABs. These data indicate that the two environments studied have melliferous characteristics that favor beekeeping. Moreover, ABs also have advantageous characteristics in relation to the SF, such as improved protection of colonies against invaders/theft of honey and the ease of maintenance of the colonies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"344 ","pages":"Article 105430"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145046184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-05DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105445
Xueqin Wang , Yuewu Sun , Xiao Shi
The end-Permian mass extinction and the end-Guadalupian crisis are the most remarkable events in the Permian terrestrial ecosystem. To better understand the end-Guadalupian event in mid-latitude of Pangea in the Northern Hemisphere, palynological investigations are conducted on the terrestrial Permian deposits in the Dalongkou profile of Jimsar, northern Xinjiang, China. Two palynological assemblages are recognized in stratigraphic ascending order, the Cordaitina subrotata–Striatoabieites lipidus–Protowelwitschiapollis exolescus assemblage from the uppermost Lucaogou, Hongyanchi and the lower Quanzijie formations, and the Kraeuselisporites spinulosus–Tuberculatosporites homotubercularis–Potonieisporites turpanensis assemblage from the upper Quanzijie and lowermost Wutonggou formations. Based on the palynological data, the uppermost Lucaogou and Hongyanchi formations are assigned to the Roadian stage, and the lower Quanzijie Formation to the Capitanian stage, and the upper Quanzijie and lowermost Wutonggou formations to the Wuchiapingian stage. Thus, a Wordian-age hiatus is confirmed between the lower Quanzijie Formation and the Hongyanchi Formation on the basis of palynological evidence. The palynofloral succession shows a smooth transition between the Guadalupian and Lopingian palynofloras in the Dalongkou profile of Jimsar, in the Junggar Basin. The end-Guadalupian crisis resulted in a 17% loss of pollen species, indicating that the extinction was on the background level.
{"title":"Terrestrial end-Guadalupian crisis constrained by mid-latitude Permian palynological data from Jimsar, Junggar Basin, China","authors":"Xueqin Wang , Yuewu Sun , Xiao Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105445","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105445","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The end-Permian mass extinction and the end-Guadalupian crisis are the most remarkable events in the Permian terrestrial ecosystem. To better understand the end-Guadalupian event in mid-latitude of Pangea in the Northern Hemisphere, palynological investigations are conducted on the terrestrial Permian deposits in the Dalongkou profile of Jimsar, northern Xinjiang, China. Two palynological assemblages are recognized in stratigraphic ascending order, the <em>Cordaitina subrotata</em>–<em>Striatoabieites lipidus</em>–<em>Protowelwitschiapollis exolescus</em> assemblage from the uppermost Lucaogou, Hongyanchi and the lower Quanzijie formations, and the <em>Kraeuselisporites spinulosus</em>–<em>Tuberculatosporites homotubercularis</em>–<em>Potonieisporites turpanensis</em> assemblage from the upper Quanzijie and lowermost Wutonggou formations. Based on the palynological data, the uppermost Lucaogou and Hongyanchi formations are assigned to the Roadian stage, and the lower Quanzijie Formation to the Capitanian stage, and the upper Quanzijie and lowermost Wutonggou formations to the Wuchiapingian stage. Thus, a Wordian-age hiatus is confirmed between the lower Quanzijie Formation and the Hongyanchi Formation on the basis of palynological evidence. The palynofloral succession shows a smooth transition between the Guadalupian and Lopingian palynofloras in the Dalongkou profile of Jimsar, in the Junggar Basin. The end-Guadalupian crisis resulted in a 17% loss of pollen species, indicating that the extinction was on the background level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"344 ","pages":"Article 105445"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145060579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The evolution of broadleaved forests and their responses to climate changes in subtropical Southeast China remain largely unclear, partly because of the controversies regarding the history of climate (i.e., temperature and monsoonal precipitation) changes during the Holocene. In this study, we integrated pollen and other proxies (including loss on ignition, humification degree, and stable carbon isotope) from a subalpine peatland in the Luoxiao Mountains, to reveal the predominant patterns of vegetation and climate dynamics in mountainous Southeast China. Vegetation at the study site was dominated by Quercus-evergreen and Fagus with relatively flourishing herbs during the early Holocene. A transformation from mixed evergreen–deciduous broadleaved forests to evergreen broadleaved forests occurred between 8200 and 1850 cal. yr BP. The lag of the transformation in response to monsoonal rainfall changes in mountainous regions during the early Holocene can be attributed to thermal limitation. Since 1850 cal. yr BP, broadleaved pollen substantially declined with the expansion of Poaceae and pines, likely reflecting the impact of intensive anthropogenic activities. The expansion of evergreen broadleaved forests from different sites revealed a gradual warming in Southeast China during the Holocene. Additionally, monsoon precipitation in the study area underwent substantial changes, showing a pattern of wetting, sustained humid conditions, subsequent drying, and wetting. Overall, temperature and precipitation during the Holocene were decoupled at the study site, as supported by widely distributed records in mountainous subtropical Southeast China. This may be attributed to the influence of different driving factors on temperature and precipitation.
中国亚热带东南部阔叶林的演变及其对气候变化的响应在很大程度上是不清楚的，部分原因是对全新世气候（即温度和季风降水）变化的历史存在争议。通过对罗霄山亚高山泥炭地的花粉和其他指标（包括着火损失、腐殖化程度和稳定碳同位素）的综合分析，揭示了东南山区植被和气候动态的主要模式。全新世早期植被以常绿栎树和蕨类植物为主，草本植物相对丰富。8200 ~ 1850 cal. yr BP之间发生了常绿落叶混交林向常绿阔叶林的转变。全新世早期山区对季风降水变化响应的滞后可归因于热限制。自1850 cal. yr BP以来，阔叶花粉随着禾科和松科的扩张而大幅下降，可能反映了强烈的人类活动的影响。不同地点常绿阔叶林的扩张揭示了全新世以来中国东南部气候逐渐变暖的趋势。此外，研究区的季风降水经历了实质性的变化，呈现出湿润、持续湿润、随后干燥和湿润的模式。总体而言，全新世温度与降水在研究点呈解耦关系，华南副热带山区分布广泛。这可能与不同驱动因素对温度和降水的影响有关。
{"title":"An 11,000-year vegetation and climate record from a subalpine peatland in the Luoxiao Mountains, subtropical Southeast China","authors":"Xin Zhong , Caifeng Cen , Cong Chen , Aiyan Han , Yongjie Tang , Kangyou Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105442","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105442","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The evolution of broadleaved forests and their responses to climate changes in subtropical Southeast China remain largely unclear, partly because of the controversies regarding the history of climate (i.e., temperature and monsoonal precipitation) changes during the Holocene. In this study, we integrated pollen and other proxies (including loss on ignition, humification degree, and stable carbon isotope) from a subalpine peatland in the Luoxiao Mountains, to reveal the predominant patterns of vegetation and climate dynamics in mountainous Southeast China. Vegetation at the study site was dominated by <em>Quercus</em>-evergreen and <em>Fagus</em> with relatively flourishing herbs during the early Holocene. A transformation from mixed evergreen–deciduous broadleaved forests to evergreen broadleaved forests occurred between 8200 and 1850 cal. yr BP. The lag of the transformation in response to monsoonal rainfall changes in mountainous regions during the early Holocene can be attributed to thermal limitation. Since 1850 cal. yr BP, broadleaved pollen substantially declined with the expansion of Poaceae and pines, likely reflecting the impact of intensive anthropogenic activities. The expansion of evergreen broadleaved forests from different sites revealed a gradual warming in Southeast China during the Holocene. Additionally, monsoon precipitation in the study area underwent substantial changes, showing a pattern of wetting, sustained humid conditions, subsequent drying, and wetting. Overall, temperature and precipitation during the Holocene were decoupled at the study site, as supported by widely distributed records in mountainous subtropical Southeast China. This may be attributed to the influence of different driving factors on temperature and precipitation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"344 ","pages":"Article 105442"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145019472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105444
Bingshan Niu , Qijia Li , Hui Jia , Jianhua Jin , Cheng Quan
The holly family (Aquifoliaceae) is a monogeneric taxon comprising highly diverse species of Ilex (> 600 species), predominantly distributed in warm, humid regions. However, the phylogeny of Ilex and the evolutionary differentiation of its subgenera, i.e., Ilex subg. Ilex, I. subg. Prinos, and I. subg. Byronia, remain challenging partly due to limited fossil constraints of each subgenus. Previous phylogenetic study was only anchored by the of Ilex subg. Ilex, which is not sufficient to calibrate the differentiation of all subgenera. Here, we report the fossil leaves of Ilex subg. Prinos from the late Miocene Foluo Formation of Beihai, Guangxi, low-latitude China. The fossils are characterized by elliptic leaf in shape with slight serrations on the leaf margin except for the leaf base. The venation is pinnate with secondary veins of 7–8 pairs, while the tertiaries are mixed percurrent. Anatomically, the leaves are hypostomatic with wart-like structures and cyclocytic stomata. Importantly, the anticlinal walls are straight in both upper and lower epidermises. This is the earliest known fossil Ilex subg. Prinos so far, providing a new insight for molecular clock analyses.
冬青科是冬青属的一个单属分类单元，由高度多样化的冬青种组成（约600种），主要分布在温暖潮湿的地区。然而，对冬青的系统发育及其亚属（即冬青亚属）的进化分化进行了研究。Ilex, i, subg。普林诺斯和我。由于每个亚属的化石限制有限，拜伦亚属仍然具有挑战性。以往的系统发育研究仅以冬青亚群为基础。这不足以校准所有亚属的分化。本文报道了冬青属植物的叶化石。中国低纬度广西北海晚中新世洛罗组中的巨象。叶形椭圆形，除叶基外叶缘有轻微锯齿。脉脉为羽状，次生脉7 ~ 8对，三级脉为混流脉。解剖上，叶下气孔，有疣状结构和环状气孔。重要的是，背斜壁在上下表皮上都是直的。这是已知最早的冬青亚属化石。到目前为止，为分子钟分析提供了新的见解。
{"title":"Ilex subg. Prinos (Aquifoliaceae) from the upper Miocene of Beihai, low-latitude China: New insights for phylogeny","authors":"Bingshan Niu , Qijia Li , Hui Jia , Jianhua Jin , Cheng Quan","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105444","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The holly family (Aquifoliaceae) is a monogeneric taxon comprising highly diverse species of <em>Ilex</em> (><!--> <!-->600 species), predominantly distributed in warm, humid regions. However, the phylogeny of <em>Ilex</em> and the evolutionary differentiation of its subgenera, i.e., <em>Ilex</em> subg<em>. Ilex, I.</em> subg<em>. Prinos, and I.</em> subg<em>. Byronia</em>, remain challenging partly due to limited fossil constraints of each subgenus. Previous phylogenetic study was only anchored by the of <em>Ilex</em> subg. <em>Ilex</em>, which is not sufficient to calibrate the differentiation of all subgenera. Here, we report the fossil leaves of <em>Ilex</em> subg. <em>Prinos</em> from the late Miocene Foluo Formation of Beihai, Guangxi, low-latitude China. The fossils are characterized by elliptic leaf in shape with slight serrations on the leaf margin except for the leaf base. The venation is pinnate with secondary veins of 7–8 pairs, while the tertiaries are mixed percurrent. Anatomically, the leaves are hypostomatic with wart-like structures and cyclocytic stomata. Importantly, the anticlinal walls are straight in both upper and lower epidermises. This is the earliest known fossil <em>Ilex</em> subg. <em>Prinos</em> so far, providing a new insight for molecular clock analyses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"344 ","pages":"Article 105444"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144996828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-28DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105443
Crystal N.H. McMichael , Daniel Guerra , Nina H. Witteveen , Britte M. Heijink , Annabel Zwarts , Gabriela Zuquim , Henrik Balslev , Kalle Ruokolainen , Hanna Tuomisto
Humans have domesticated and used palms in tropical forests for millennia. The extent to which past human palm use affects modern tropical systems remains relatively unexplored due to lack of a good fossil record. However, palms produce an array of phytoliths, which are siliceous cell structures that preserve well in the soil even after the organic plant material has decayed. Phytoliths vary in morphology and can be identified to group level and sometimes even to species. We analyzed if palm phytolith assemblages sampled from the soil reflect palm species compositions and abundances in 63 western Amazonian transects. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and Mantel tests showed that palm communities and phytolith assemblages had similar turnover patterns. Negative binomial generalized linear models indicated that the abundances of nine of the 13 common palm genera were significantly related to a combination of soil cation concentrations, grass phytolith percentages, and palm phytolith PCoA axis scores. These results suggest that phytoliths have potential as quantitative indicators of changes in palm abundances in paleoecological and archaeological reconstructions.
{"title":"Soil phytolith assemblages reflect palm community composition in western Amazonia","authors":"Crystal N.H. McMichael , Daniel Guerra , Nina H. Witteveen , Britte M. Heijink , Annabel Zwarts , Gabriela Zuquim , Henrik Balslev , Kalle Ruokolainen , Hanna Tuomisto","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105443","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105443","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Humans have domesticated and used palms in tropical forests for millennia. The extent to which past human palm use affects modern tropical systems remains relatively unexplored due to lack of a good fossil record. However, palms produce an array of phytoliths, which are siliceous cell structures that preserve well in the soil even after the organic plant material has decayed. Phytoliths vary in morphology and can be identified to group level and sometimes even to species. We analyzed if palm phytolith assemblages sampled from the soil reflect palm species compositions and abundances in 63 western Amazonian transects. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and Mantel tests showed that palm communities and phytolith assemblages had similar turnover patterns. Negative binomial generalized linear models indicated that the abundances of nine of the 13 common palm genera were significantly related to a combination of soil cation concentrations, grass phytolith percentages, and palm phytolith PCoA axis scores. These results suggest that phytoliths have potential as quantitative indicators of changes in palm abundances in paleoecological and archaeological reconstructions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"344 ","pages":"Article 105443"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145060580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-25DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105439
Morten Smelror
Carbon cenospheres comparable to those derived from incomplete combustion of coal or fuel-oil droplets appear to be present in Neoproterozoic post-impact sediments in the Gardnos meteorite crater in central Norway and in possible time-equivalent strata in East Finnmark, northern Norway. The Neoproterozoic cenospheres resemble carbon cenospheres found in K-Pg boundary sediments around the world linked to the Chicxulub meteorite impact on Yucatan and in sediments from the Early Cretaceous Mjølnir impact in the Barents Sea. A likely source of the Late Neoproterozoic carbonized cenospheres is hydrocarbons combusted from organic-rich sediments when the bolide hit the shallow marine impact site of the Gardnos meteorite crater.
{"title":"Searching for Neoproterozoic meteorite impact combusted carbon cenospheres in palynological records","authors":"Morten Smelror","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105439","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105439","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon cenospheres comparable to those derived from incomplete combustion of coal or fuel-oil droplets appear to be present in Neoproterozoic post-impact sediments in the Gardnos meteorite crater in central Norway and in possible time-equivalent strata in East Finnmark, northern Norway. The Neoproterozoic cenospheres resemble carbon cenospheres found in K-Pg boundary sediments around the world linked to the Chicxulub meteorite impact on Yucatan and in sediments from the Early Cretaceous Mjølnir impact in the Barents Sea. A likely source of the Late Neoproterozoic carbonized cenospheres is hydrocarbons combusted from organic-rich sediments when the bolide hit the shallow marine impact site of the Gardnos meteorite crater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"344 ","pages":"Article 105439"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144902864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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