Pub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105217
Liming Xu , Zhipeng Li , Pai Yue , Weijie Tang , Yiren Liu , Wei Chen , Min Xu , Jinglian Ge
Understanding past terrestrial ecosystem responses to climate changes is vital for future predictions, but research in densely populated plains is limited due to insufficient materials. This study focuses on vegetation and environmental changes in the Northeast China Plain since Marine Isotopic Stage (MIS) 3 using pollen analysis from core WCZK03. The findings reveal significant shifts in vegetation that correspond to climatic events. During MIS 3 (52–29 cal ka BP), the region was predominantly a lake environment with vegetation transitioning from grassland dominated by Poaceae, Chenopodiaceae and Artemisia to conifer-broadleaf mixed forests as the climate ameliorated. The Last Glacial Maximum (29–17 cal ka BP) was characterized by loess deposits, followed by drought-tolerant grassland (17.0–11.3 cal ka BP) dominated by Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae in the plain. The onset of the Holocene witnessed the expansion of conifer and broad-leaved deciduous forests in hilly areas and the retreat of grassland in the plain. The sedimentary sequence shows transitions from fluvial-lacustrine deposits to loess-like and black soil deposits, showing significant environmental changes. This study suggests that changes in vegetation on the Northeast China Plain were closely related to regional climate patterns and were more responsive to climate changes than the surrounding mountainous areas.
了解过去陆地生态系统对气候变化的响应对预测未来至关重要，但由于材料不足，在人口稠密的平原地区开展的研究十分有限。本研究利用 WCZK03 核心区的花粉分析，重点研究了自海洋同位素阶段（MIS）3 以来中国东北平原的植被和环境变化。研究结果显示，植被发生了与气候事件相对应的重大变化。在 MIS 3（52-29 cal ka BP）期间，该地区主要是湖泊环境，随着气候的改善，植被从以禾本科、藜科和蒿科植物为主的草原过渡到针叶阔叶混交林。末次冰川极盛时期（29-17 卡 ka BP）的特征是黄土沉积，随后是平原地区以蒿草和藜科植物为主的耐旱草原（17.0-11.3 卡 ka BP）。全新世开始后，针叶林和落叶阔叶林在丘陵地区扩展，草原在平原地区退缩。沉积序列显示了从河流-湖泊沉积到黄土状沉积和黑土沉积的过渡，显示了显著的环境变化。这项研究表明，中国东北平原植被的变化与区域气候模式密切相关，对气候变化的反应比周边山区更为灵敏。
{"title":"Vegetation and environmental changes on the Northeast China Plain during warm periods since MIS 3","authors":"Liming Xu , Zhipeng Li , Pai Yue , Weijie Tang , Yiren Liu , Wei Chen , Min Xu , Jinglian Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding past terrestrial ecosystem responses to climate changes is vital for future predictions, but research in densely populated plains is limited due to insufficient materials. This study focuses on vegetation and environmental changes in the Northeast China Plain since Marine Isotopic Stage (MIS) 3 using pollen analysis from core WCZK03. The findings reveal significant shifts in vegetation that correspond to climatic events. During MIS 3 (52–29 cal ka BP), the region was predominantly a lake environment with vegetation transitioning from grassland dominated by Poaceae, Chenopodiaceae and <em>Artemisia</em> to conifer-broadleaf mixed forests as the climate ameliorated. The Last Glacial Maximum (29–17 cal ka BP) was characterized by loess deposits, followed by drought-tolerant grassland (17.0–11.3 cal ka BP) dominated by <em>Artemisia</em> and Chenopodiaceae in the plain. The onset of the Holocene witnessed the expansion of conifer and broad-leaved deciduous forests in hilly areas and the retreat of grassland in the plain. The sedimentary sequence shows transitions from fluvial-lacustrine deposits to loess-like and black soil deposits, showing significant environmental changes. This study suggests that changes in vegetation on the Northeast China Plain were closely related to regional climate patterns and were more responsive to climate changes than the surrounding mountainous areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 105217"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142434182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105215
Sumana Mahato , Sandip More , Suchana Taral , Tapan Chakrabarty , Mahasin Ali Khan
Calophyllum vegetative (leaves and woods) fossil remains have been widely reported from the Cenozoic sedimentary strata across the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. However, until now, no reproductive megafossil remains have been discovered. Here, we report and describe Calophyllum fossil fruits from the Siwalik (middle Miocene–Pliocene) sediments of Darjeeling foothills, eastern Himalaya for the first time. In addition, we also provide fossil materials of isolated leaves in appreciable numbers recovered from the same stratigraphic level. Our Siwalik fossils and extant members of Calophyllum are closely related morphologically by stalked, ball-shaped (spherical to ovoid) drupe with a thin, dark brown, smooth surfaced outer layer and a hard endocarp; and symmetrical, oblong-elliptic shaped entire margined lamina with numerous close parallel secondary veins, and obscure tertiary veins. Based upon morphology and epidermal anatomy, the fossil fruits are recognized as a new fossil-species Calophyllum ramthiene sp. nov. The present Calophyllum leaf and fruit fossils, along with previous reports suggest that Calophyllum was an important forest element throughout the eastern Himalaya during the period of Siwalik sedimentation (Mio-Pleistocene time). We briefly discuss the fossil history of Calophyllum and palaeobiogeography in India and palaeoclimatic implications regarding the distribution and habitat of fossil and modern members of Calophyllum.
{"title":"Calophyllum L.: An important tropical element in the monsoon-influenced ancient Siwalik Forest of eastern Himalaya","authors":"Sumana Mahato , Sandip More , Suchana Taral , Tapan Chakrabarty , Mahasin Ali Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105215","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105215","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Calophyllum</em> vegetative (leaves and woods) fossil remains have been widely reported from the Cenozoic sedimentary strata across the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. However, until now, no reproductive megafossil remains have been discovered. Here, we report and describe <em>Calophyllum</em> fossil fruits from the Siwalik (middle Miocene–Pliocene) sediments of Darjeeling foothills, eastern Himalaya for the first time. In addition, we also provide fossil materials of isolated leaves in appreciable numbers recovered from the same stratigraphic level. Our Siwalik fossils and extant members of <em>Calophyllum</em> are closely related morphologically by stalked, ball-shaped (spherical to ovoid) drupe with a thin, dark brown, smooth surfaced outer layer and a hard endocarp; and symmetrical, oblong-elliptic shaped entire margined lamina with numerous close parallel secondary veins, and obscure tertiary veins. Based upon morphology and epidermal anatomy, the fossil fruits are recognized as a new fossil-species <em>Calophyllum ramthiene</em> sp. nov. The present <em>Calophyllum</em> leaf and fruit fossils, along with previous reports suggest that <em>Calophyllum</em> was an important forest element throughout the eastern Himalaya during the period of Siwalik sedimentation (Mio-Pleistocene time). We briefly discuss the fossil history of <em>Calophyllum</em> and palaeobiogeography in India and palaeoclimatic implications regarding the distribution and habitat of fossil and modern members of <em>Calophyllum</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 105215"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142530311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105216
Myong-Sim Kim, Jong-Jun Ko, Kwang-Il An, Hyon-Jong Kim, Yong-Sik Jong, Song-Chol Hong
The Hamjin flora was discovered from the Miocene Hamjin Formation of Hamjin-ri, Myonggan County, North Hamgyong Province. Taxodiaceae, Fagaceae, Betulaceae and Aceraceae are dominated and there are also plant fossils that are extinct in our country, such as dozens of extant species, and Liriodendron, Cercidiphyllum, Saysfras, Nyssa and so on. The Hamjin flora show that the climate at that time was warm and temperate. The plant fossils found in Hamjin area are of great importance for studying the evolution of flora and climate change from the Middle Miocene to the present.
{"title":"The middle Miocene Hamjin flora and preliminary palaeoclimatic analysis of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea","authors":"Myong-Sim Kim, Jong-Jun Ko, Kwang-Il An, Hyon-Jong Kim, Yong-Sik Jong, Song-Chol Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Hamjin flora was discovered from the Miocene Hamjin Formation of Hamjin-ri, Myonggan County, North Hamgyong Province. Taxodiaceae<em>,</em> Fagaceae<em>,</em> Betulaceae and Aceraceae are dominated and there are also plant fossils that are extinct in our country, such as dozens of extant species, and <em>Liriodendron</em>, <em>Cercidiphyllum</em>, <em>Saysfras, Nyssa</em> and so on. The Hamjin flora show that the climate at that time was warm and temperate. The plant fossils found in Hamjin area are of great importance for studying the evolution of flora and climate change from the Middle Miocene to the present.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 105216"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142530312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study deals with the palynological analysis of natural “Himalayan cerana” honey collected from the tropical to sub-tropical forests of the eastern Himalaya (West Sikkim, Ziro valley of Arunachal Pradesh and sub-Himalayan region of West Bengal). A total of 12 honey samples were analysed. Among the six samples from Sikkim, one is found unifloral and remaining five samples are found to be multifloral. Similarly, the Kolakham (West Bengal) sample is found multifloral, whereas both the honey samples of Alipurduar (West Bengal) are found to be unifloral. All the three Arunachal Pradesh samples are found multifloral. Absolute pollen count (APC) reveals that the unifloral winter honeys are poor in APC compared to the multifloral ones. Significant occurrence of anemophilous pollen grains in honey samples points towards theirr entrapment either during long distance flight of the bees or on the sticky hive surfaces. The nectar calendars show that winter season is the honey dearth period in the study areas of the eastern Himalaya. Finally, the diversity and richness of the pollen grains in the honey samples also reflect the bee plant diversity of the surroundings. The study may further be useful to assess the potentiality for establishing a moderate to large-scale bee-keeping industry which may provide an alternate source of livelihood to improve the socio-economic set up of the local economically backward ethnic communities.
{"title":"Nectar and pollen source of natural honey produced by Apis cerana skorikovi Engel (= himalaya): Palynological analysis from tropical to sub-tropical forests of eastern Himalaya","authors":"Shreyasi Basak , Oindrila Biswas , Bijoy Chhetri , Sonali Rai , Dipak Kumar Paruya , Dulal Chandra Patra , Subir Bera","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study deals with the palynological analysis of natural “Himalayan <em>cerana</em>” honey collected from the tropical to sub-tropical forests of the eastern Himalaya (West Sikkim, Ziro valley of Arunachal Pradesh and sub-Himalayan region of West Bengal). A total of 12 honey samples were analysed. Among the six samples from Sikkim, one is found unifloral and remaining five samples are found to be multifloral. Similarly, the Kolakham (West Bengal) sample is found multifloral, whereas both the honey samples of Alipurduar (West Bengal) are found to be unifloral. All the three Arunachal Pradesh samples are found multifloral. Absolute pollen count (APC) reveals that the unifloral winter honeys are poor in APC compared to the multifloral ones. Significant occurrence of anemophilous pollen grains in honey samples points towards theirr entrapment either during long distance flight of the bees or on the sticky hive surfaces. The nectar calendars show that winter season is the honey dearth period in the study areas of the eastern Himalaya. Finally, the diversity and richness of the pollen grains in the honey samples also reflect the bee plant diversity of the surroundings. The study may further be useful to assess the potentiality for establishing a moderate to large-scale bee-keeping industry which may provide an alternate source of livelihood to improve the socio-economic set up of the local economically backward ethnic communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 105210"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142537202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-05DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105213
Faezeh Nourmohammad , Elias Ramezani , Hermann Behling
High-altitude mires are sensitive to environmental change and may provide useful insights into past climate change and human impact. Here we present the results of a palynological study on a mire close to the boundary of a forest-steppe ecotone in western Hyrcanian area of northern Iran. Two major phases of anthropogenic deforestation were detected: one during the period 600–500 cal yr BP and the other over the last decades of the twentieth century. The cold episode of the Little Ice Age was possibly responsible for the abandonment of the original village and expansion of sparse stands of Quercus macranthera-Carpinus orientalis in association with Fagus orientalis, Ulmus carpinifolia/U. glabra, Acer campestre and Vitis vinifera. Our data are crucial for choosing suitable species in reforestation programmes in the highlands of western Alborz Mountains.
{"title":"The last millennium vegetation and environmental history of the Hyrcanian highland region, a pollen record from Shekardasht mire, northern Iran","authors":"Faezeh Nourmohammad , Elias Ramezani , Hermann Behling","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-altitude mires are sensitive to environmental change and may provide useful insights into past climate change and human impact. Here we present the results of a palynological study on a mire close to the boundary of a forest-steppe ecotone in western Hyrcanian area of northern Iran. Two major phases of anthropogenic deforestation were detected: one during the period 600–500 cal yr BP and the other over the last decades of the twentieth century. The cold episode of the Little Ice Age was possibly responsible for the abandonment of the original village and expansion of sparse stands of <em>Quercus macranthera-Carpinus orientalis</em> in association with <em>Fagus orientalis</em>, <em>Ulmus carpinifolia</em>/<em>U. glabra</em>, <em>Acer campestre</em> and <em>Vitis vinifera</em>. Our data are crucial for choosing suitable species in reforestation programmes in the highlands of western Alborz Mountains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 105213"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-28DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105204
Julia Unkelbach, Antonia Lena Reinhardt
A precise and consistent fossil pollen identification is crucial for the reconstruction of (long-term) vegetation and climate dynamics. The inspection of local reference material serves as the best basis for meaningful results. Digital pollen reference collections, especially for the hyper arid regions of North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula are still sparse. Therefore, we want to contribute a descriptive and illustrated atlas of pollen from plants of the Sultanate of Oman. The atlas comprises around 400 pollen taxa on 43 plates from various habitats (e.g., mountains, wadis, deserts, coastal areas, and places shaped by human activities) characteristic for the arid environments of the Arabian Peninsula. It covers approximately 45% of all plant genera found in Oman. We provide high-resolution images of 402 taxa of 70 families as well as useful information on habitus, pollination, and habitat for each plant species as a useful guide for environmental reconstructions and interpretations from palynological investigations as well as the identification of pollen in honey.
{"title":"Atlas of the Oman pollen flora – Pollen morphology of the arid Arabian Peninsula vegetation","authors":"Julia Unkelbach, Antonia Lena Reinhardt","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A precise and consistent fossil pollen identification is crucial for the reconstruction of (long-term) vegetation and climate dynamics. The inspection of local reference material serves as the best basis for meaningful results. Digital pollen reference collections, especially for the hyper arid regions of North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula are still sparse. Therefore, we want to contribute a descriptive and illustrated atlas of pollen from plants of the Sultanate of Oman. The atlas comprises around 400 pollen taxa on 43 plates from various habitats (e.g., mountains, wadis, deserts, coastal areas, and places shaped by human activities) characteristic for the arid environments of the Arabian Peninsula. It covers approximately 45% of all plant genera found in Oman. We provide high-resolution images of 402 taxa of 70 families as well as useful information on habitus, pollination, and habitat for each plant species as a useful guide for environmental reconstructions and interpretations from palynological investigations as well as the identification of pollen in honey.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 105204"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study focusses on the structural diversity of pollen dispersal units and pollen wall ultrastructures within Orchidoideae, the second largest of the five orchid subfamilies. Orchidoideae are monandrous, i.e. they have only one fertile anther producing predominantly sectile pollinia. Using a variety of methods, including combined light and electron microscopy and various staining and contrasting media, this research aims to expand playnological knowledge of orchidoid pollen. The study provides new insights into pollen morphology and ultrastructure of six Orchidoideae species and compares them with previously studied epidendroid species to identify shared and/or distinctive characteristics within these subfamilies. Our findings revealed not only deviations from the classic angiosperm pollen wall depending on the pollen package type but also differences in pollen wall structures both within the Orchidoideae and compared to the Epidendroideae. Detection reactions and contrasting methods provide further insights into the chemical composition of elastoviscin, essential for pollinia/pollinaria formation, and suggest, that the term elastoviscin encompasses a range of chemically distinct substances.
{"title":"Pollen dispersal units of selected Orchidoideae and their morphological, ultrastructural, and chemical features","authors":"Carola Purgina , Friðgeir Grímsson , Martina Weber , Silvia Ulrich","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focusses on the structural diversity of pollen dispersal units and pollen wall ultrastructures within Orchidoideae, the second largest of the five orchid subfamilies. Orchidoideae are monandrous, i.e. they have only one fertile anther producing predominantly sectile pollinia. Using a variety of methods, including combined light and electron microscopy and various staining and contrasting media, this research aims to expand playnological knowledge of orchidoid pollen. The study provides new insights into pollen morphology and ultrastructure of six Orchidoideae species and compares them with previously studied epidendroid species to identify shared and/or distinctive characteristics within these subfamilies. Our findings revealed not only deviations from the classic angiosperm pollen wall depending on the pollen package type but also differences in pollen wall structures both within the Orchidoideae and compared to the Epidendroideae. Detection reactions and contrasting methods provide further insights into the chemical composition of elastoviscin, essential for pollinia/pollinaria formation, and suggest, that the term elastoviscin encompasses a range of chemically distinct substances.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 105211"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-24DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105208
Valentí Rull , Javier Sigro , Teresa Vegas-Vilarrúbia
Meta-analyses of past pollen records have provided insights into the historical biogeography of Cannabis across the Iberian Peninsula (IP), with the southern Pyrenean flank being key to understanding cannabis cultivation and use during the Middle and Modern ages. However, studies on more recent times are rare. This paper offers a high-resolution comparison of the last century, particularly the significant Cannabis pollen peak observed in the mid-elevation Lake Montcortès between 1980 and 2000 CE, which was absent in the nearby highland Lake Sant Maurici. The Montcortès peak is linked to a phase of extensive hemp cultivation (1972–2006 CE) in the southeastern lowlands. The absence of a similar peak in Sant Maurici, despite the presence of other lowland pollen taxa, notably Olea and Quercus, suggests regional differences in pollen origin and dispersal likely influenced by wind patterns and rainfall. Studies on Cannabis pollen sources and dispersal are comparatively scarce and insufficient to provide a regional picture across the IP, similar to Olea or Quercus. However, the available data suggest that cannabis pollen is abundant mostly locally, in the vicinity of cannabis crops. The persistent presence of Cannabis pollen in Montcortès after 2000 CE likely reflects ongoing illegal cultivation. The study recommends combining paleoecological and aerobiological surveys to better understand pollen dynamics in the Iberian Pyrenees, with suggestions for future research based on these findings.
{"title":"Cannabis pollen sources and dispersal in the Iberian Pyrenees during the last century: Preliminary results and proposals for future studies","authors":"Valentí Rull , Javier Sigro , Teresa Vegas-Vilarrúbia","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Meta-analyses of past pollen records have provided insights into the historical biogeography of <em>Cannabis</em> across the Iberian Peninsula (IP), with the southern Pyrenean flank being key to understanding cannabis cultivation and use during the Middle and Modern ages. However, studies on more recent times are rare. This paper offers a high-resolution comparison of the last century, particularly the significant <em>Cannabis</em> pollen peak observed in the mid-elevation Lake Montcortès between 1980 and 2000 CE, which was absent in the nearby highland Lake Sant Maurici. The Montcortès peak is linked to a phase of extensive hemp cultivation (1972–2006 CE) in the southeastern lowlands. The absence of a similar peak in Sant Maurici, despite the presence of other lowland pollen taxa, notably <em>Olea</em> and <em>Quercus</em>, suggests regional differences in pollen origin and dispersal likely influenced by wind patterns and rainfall. Studies on <em>Cannabis</em> pollen sources and dispersal are comparatively scarce and insufficient to provide a regional picture across the IP, similar to <em>Olea</em> or <em>Quercus</em>. However, the available data suggest that cannabis pollen is abundant mostly locally, in the vicinity of cannabis crops. The persistent presence of <em>Cannabis</em> pollen in Montcortès after 2000 CE likely reflects ongoing illegal cultivation. The study recommends combining paleoecological and aerobiological surveys to better understand pollen dynamics in the Iberian Pyrenees, with suggestions for future research based on these findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 105208"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-24DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105209
Shunjie Zhang , Limi Mao , Yangjun Lai
Altingiaceae, a family of woody plants, comprising evergreen Altingia and deciduous Liquidambar groups, exhibits distinct leaf morphology, yet both groups overlap in geographical range and climatic conditions. While some tropical Altingia species are confined to Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia and India without Liquidambar, and some temperate Liquidambar species to northern China without Altingia. Their fossil pollen have significant implications in reconstructing palaeoclimate and historical biogeography, based on classification of Altingia-type and Liquidambar-type. However, the results of previous studies to differentiate pollen types of evergreen Altingia and deciduous Liquidambar were based on limited pollen specimens. Therefore pollen morphology of Altingiaceae and differentiation of above mentioned types needs reevaluation using more specimens from wider geographical range.
In this study, we present new findings on Altingiaceae pollen morphology from extensive collection of specimens and reassess the diagnostic features to distinguish evergreen and deciduous types. To improve the credibility of palaeoecological and palaeoclimatic interpretations, we applied multivariate statistical analyses to pollen size, number of pores, pollen wall thickness, and size and density of ornamental elements from light microscopy (LM) and Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM) images. Additionally, random forest classification models were applied to test the accuracy of differentiating Altingiaceae pollen types. Our results reveal significant morphological overlap between the pollen of evergreen Altingia and deciduous Liquidambar, with classification models showing limited accuracy and explainability. Thus, fossil pollen of Altingiaceae cannot be confidently classified into evergreen or deciduous types, highlighting challenges in using their pollen morphology for taxonomic classification in palaeoecological research.
{"title":"Reevaluation of pollen differentiation in Altingiaceae: Challenges in distinguishing deciduous (Liquidambar) and evergreen (Altingia) types using multivariate statistics and machine learning","authors":"Shunjie Zhang , Limi Mao , Yangjun Lai","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Altingiaceae, a family of woody plants, comprising evergreen <em>Altingia</em> and deciduous <em>Liquidambar</em> groups, exhibits distinct leaf morphology, yet both groups overlap in geographical range and climatic conditions. While some tropical <em>Altingia</em> species are confined to Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia and India without <em>Liquidambar</em>, and some temperate <em>Liquidambar</em> species to northern China without <em>Altingia</em>. Their fossil pollen have significant implications in reconstructing palaeoclimate and historical biogeography, based on classification of <em>Altingia</em>-type and <em>Liquidambar</em>-type. However, the results of previous studies to differentiate pollen types of evergreen <em>Altingia</em> and deciduous <em>Liquidambar</em> were based on limited pollen specimens. Therefore pollen morphology of Altingiaceae and differentiation of above mentioned types needs reevaluation using more specimens from wider geographical range.</div><div>In this study, we present new findings on Altingiaceae pollen morphology from extensive collection of specimens and reassess the diagnostic features to distinguish evergreen and deciduous types. To improve the credibility of palaeoecological and palaeoclimatic interpretations, we applied multivariate statistical analyses to pollen size, number of pores, pollen wall thickness, and size and density of ornamental elements from light microscopy (LM) and Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM) images. Additionally, random forest classification models were applied to test the accuracy of differentiating Altingiaceae pollen types. Our results reveal significant morphological overlap between the pollen of evergreen <em>Altingia</em> and deciduous <em>Liquidambar</em>, with classification models showing limited accuracy and explainability. Thus, fossil pollen of Altingiaceae cannot be confidently classified into evergreen or deciduous types, highlighting challenges in using their pollen morphology for taxonomic classification in palaeoecological research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 105209"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142356867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-15DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105206
Saraswati Neupane , Khum Narayan Paudayal , Lina Song , Sima Humagain , Binija Kaphle , Jharana Nepal , Atta Ullah , Wenlei Li , Xianyong Cao
Modern pollen distribution and its relationship to environmental variables in tropical to alpine vegetation zones are investigated to provide a reference for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions and to improve the understanding of pollen dispersal patterns in Central Nepal. A total of 100 samples (from soil and moss) were collected from along an elevational gradient ranging from 173 to 4615 m above sea level. Results show that the alpine zone is dominated by arboreal pollen (AP) and the sub-alpine zone also shows good representation of coniferous taxa pollen such as Pinus, Abies, Tsuga, and Picea along with Ericaceae. The temperate zone has a good representation of Quercus (Evergreen) and Pinus pollen, whereas the sub-tropical zone is characterized by Alnus pollen and agricultural taxa such as Cerealia (planted Poaceae) and Brassicaceae. In the tropical zone, non-arboreal pollen (NAP), mainly Cerealia dominate, reflecting intensive agricultural practices. Shorea is completely silent in pollen representation. A redundancy analysis indicates that elevation is the primary factor influencing pollen distribution in this region. Overall, the pollen data reflect the vegetation distribution but Pinus is over-represented and Shorea is unrepresented, which should be taken into consideration when interpreting fossil pollen in Central Nepal.
{"title":"Modern pollen distribution along a Himalayan elevation gradient in Central Nepal","authors":"Saraswati Neupane , Khum Narayan Paudayal , Lina Song , Sima Humagain , Binija Kaphle , Jharana Nepal , Atta Ullah , Wenlei Li , Xianyong Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Modern pollen distribution and its relationship to environmental variables in tropical to alpine vegetation zones are investigated to provide a reference for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions and to improve the understanding of pollen dispersal patterns in Central Nepal. A total of 100 samples (from soil and moss) were collected from along an elevational gradient ranging from 173 to 4615 m above sea level. Results show that the alpine zone is dominated by arboreal pollen (AP) and the sub-alpine zone also shows good representation of coniferous taxa pollen such as <em>Pinus</em>, <em>Abies</em>, <em>Tsuga</em>, and <em>Picea</em> along with Ericaceae. The temperate zone has a good representation of <em>Quercus</em> (Evergreen) and <em>Pinus</em> pollen, whereas the sub-tropical zone is characterized by <em>Alnus</em> pollen and agricultural taxa such as Cerealia (planted Poaceae) and Brassicaceae. In the tropical zone, non-arboreal pollen (NAP), mainly Cerealia dominate, reflecting intensive agricultural practices. <em>Shorea</em> is completely silent in pollen representation. A redundancy analysis indicates that elevation is the primary factor influencing pollen distribution in this region. Overall, the pollen data reflect the vegetation distribution but <em>Pinus</em> is over-represented and <em>Shorea</em> is unrepresented, which should be taken into consideration when interpreting fossil pollen in Central Nepal.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 105206"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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