Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology最新文献_第3页

Pollen wall development in Lupinus polyphyllus: Looking for underlying mechanisms, with in vitro simulation of exine 多叶lupinus polyphyllus花粉壁发育：寻找潜在机制，并进行体外模拟

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105482

Nina I. Gabarayeva , Valentina V. Grigorjeva

It was suggested that physicochemical processes, self-assembly and phase separation, are the hidden side of pollen wall formation. A new look at the developmental palynology as to “work-in-tandem” of well-known gene expression and underappreciated physical regularities allows a deeper understanding of exine development. The sequence of the developmental stages in Lupinus exine has been analyzed based on the above idea. To check the above idea, a modeling of exine-like pattern was carried out in vitro with colloidal mixtures of surfactants, analogous to those in natural anther. Flower buds of different size were collected from the Garden of the Komarov Botanical Institute, St. Petersburg, for several seasons. After fixation of the Lupinus material, sections were prepared and examined with TEM and SEM. For modeling exine development in vitro, our own method was used to obtain simulations. The successive developmental structures observed within the microspore periplasmic space have occurred to be the same as in the typical micellar self-assembly sequence in colloidal system of surfactants. Simultaneously, signs of phase separation in the fluid of the periplasmic space were evident. As was expected, several exine-like simulations of the Lupinus exine structures were obtained in our experiments. Pure physicochemical processes are capable to build exine-like patterns. Hence, physical processes share influence on exine development with genome. This confirms a value of interdisciplinary approach in the field of developmental biology.

认为自组装和相分离等物理化学过程是花粉壁形成的隐藏面。发育孢粉学作为众所周知的基因表达和未被充分认识的物理规律的“串联工作”的新视角，可以更深入地理解外稃的发育。在此基础上，对狼的发育阶段顺序进行了分析。为了验证上述观点，我们在体外用类似于天然花药的表面活性剂的胶体混合物建立了一个类似花药的模型。不同大小的花蕾被从圣彼得堡科马罗夫植物研究所的花园里收集了几个季节。Lupinus材料固定后，制作切片并用TEM和SEM检查。为了模拟体外发育，我们采用自己的方法进行了模拟。在小孢子质周空间内观察到的连续发育结构与表面活性剂胶体体系中典型的胶束自组装序列相同。同时，质周间隙流体中相分离的迹象也很明显。正如预期的那样，在我们的实验中获得了几个类似狼蛛外腔结构的模拟。纯粹的物理化学过程能够制造出类似太阳的图案。因此，物理过程与基因组共同影响外部发育。这证实了跨学科方法在发育生物学领域的价值。

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引用次数: 0

Modern pollen and NPP assemblages across an abrupt woodland/heathland transition in upland north east England: Implications for taphonomy and palaeoecological interpretation 英格兰东北部高地林地/石南地过渡的现代花粉和NPP组合：对地层学和古生态学解释的影响

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105479

J.B. Innes , J.J. Blackford , V. Standen , C. Orton

The paper assesses contemporary pollen and non-pollen palynomorph (NPP) distribution along a woodland to heathland transect, and tests the ecological preferences of the recorded NPP taxa, providing modern analogue information to assist in the interpretation of palaeoecological data. Pollen, microcharcoal, fungal spores and other NPPs are analysed from surface sediment samples collected from Quercus-dominated woodland and mixed heathland (Calluna, Vaccinium, Poaceae, Juncus, Pteridium) from an upland area in North East England and the microfossil assemblage data are compared with the actual vegetation cover at the sampling points. The microfossil data clearly indicate the position of the woodland-heathland boundary to within 2–10 m. The transitional zone is shown to be narrow, but of distinctive palynological character. The ecological meaning of several NPPs is either confirmed or suggested. NPP and pollen assemblages vary considerable over distances of only 2–5 m across the transitional samples, whereas very similar microfossil assemblages occur within the two main woodland and heathland vegetation units, even where plant species change in relative abundance. Woodland, heathland and transitional assemblages are clearly differentiated. NPP deposition occurs close to their source, and many types have well defined ecological affinities and are sensitive environmental indicators, while others are more cosmopolitan.

本文评估了当代花粉和非花粉孢粉形态（NPP）沿林地到石楠地样带的分布，并测试了记录的NPP类群的生态偏好，为古生态数据的解释提供了现代模拟信息。本文分析了英格兰东北部高地栎树林地和混合石南（Calluna, Vaccinium, Poaceae, Juncus, Pteridium）地表沉积物样品的花粉、微炭、真菌孢子和其他NPPs，并将微化石组合数据与采样点的实际植被覆盖进行了比较。微化石资料清楚地表明，林地-石楠地界线的位置在2 ~ 10 m之间。过渡带狭窄，但孢粉学特征明显。几个核电站的生态意义要么得到确认，要么得到建议。在过渡性样品中，NPP和花粉组合仅在2-5 m的距离内变化很大，而在两个主要的林地和石南植被单元中，即使在植物物种相对丰富度变化的地方，微化石组合也非常相似。林地、石楠地和过渡性组合有明显的分化。NPP沉积发生在其源头附近，许多类型具有明确的生态亲和性，是敏感的环境指标，而其他类型则更具世界性。

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引用次数: 0

Vegetation changes and human activities since the Bronze Age (late Holocene) in a coastal doline of the Kvarner archipelago (Croatia) 克罗地亚Kvarner群岛沿岸岸线青铜时代（全新世晚期）以来植被变化与人类活动

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105483

Marine Rousseau , Philippe Sorrel , Benjamin Diètre , Morana Čaušević-Bully , Hervé Richard

We present the first high-resolution palynological and multiproxy reconstruction from a coastal doline in the Kvarner Archipelago (northeastern Adriatic). A continuous sediment core from Osor Lake documents more than three millennia of vegetation change, human impact, and hydrological shifts since the Bronze Age. The record reveals three major phases of landscape transformation: (i) dense deciduous forests (3400–2550 cal BP) with initial signs of clearance; (ii) a progressive landscape opening from 2550 cal BP, marked by expanding grasslands and cultivated fields; and (iii) intensified deforestation and arboriculture after ∼ 800 cal BP. The introduction of Juglans and Castanea sativa between 2200 and 1200 cal BP, together with increasing Olea europaea, reflects evolving Mediterranean agricultural strategies. Charcoal peaks coincide with forest decline, indicating recurrent fire use for land management. This study establishes Osor Lake as a benchmark record for late Holocene land-use history in the northeastern Adriatic and demonstrates how human activities progressively reshaped Mediterranean karst landscapes.

我们提出了第一个高分辨率的孢粉和多代理重建，从Kvarner群岛（亚得里亚海东北部）的海岸线。奥索尔湖的连续沉积物岩心记录了自青铜时代以来3000多年的植被变化、人类影响和水文变化。该记录揭示了景观转变的三个主要阶段：(i)茂密的落叶林（3400-2550 cal BP）有最初的砍伐迹象；（ii）从2550 cal BP开始，以扩大草地和耕地为标志的递进景观；（iii）约800 cal BP之后森林砍伐和树木栽培加剧。在2200至1200 cal BP之间，核桃和番栗的引入，以及欧洲油橄榄的增加，反映了地中海农业战略的演变。木炭峰值与森林衰退相吻合，表明土地管理经常使用火。本研究确立了Osor湖作为亚得里亚海东北部晚全新世土地利用历史的基准记录，并展示了人类活动如何逐步重塑地中海喀斯特景观。

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引用次数: 0

Middle Eocene dinoflagellate cyst biostratigraphy from the southwestern Tethyan margin: Revised age assessments of sediments near Larache Province, northwestern Morocco 特提斯西南边缘中始新世鞭毛藻囊生物地层：摩洛哥西北部Larache省附近沉积物的修订年龄评估

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105481

Salma Aboutofail , Hamid Slimani , Henk Brinkhuis , Ali Soliman , Daniel Ţabără , Imad Tmimne , Hassan Jbari , Amine Talih , Imane Mahboub

Palynological analyses are performed on the imprecisely dated ‘Upper Cretaceous–lower Eocene’ marly and marly limestones succession from the Thare section at Arbaa Ayacha, western External Rif (northwestern Morocco) to reassess the previous calcareous microplankton-based age determination of the sediments. The succession yields well to moderately preserved palynological associations that are mainly composed of organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts, suitable for biostratigraphic analysis. The sediments are here reassessed as being of middle Bartonian age using the recently well-calibrated distribution patterns of several index taxa like Glaphyrocysta semitecta, and Rhombodinium perforatum. These, taken together with the composition of the background assemblages allow quite precise designation of the section to the interval corresponding to magnetochrons C18n.1r to C18n.1n following correlation to the Bartonian/Priabonian Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) section at Alano di Piave, NE Italy. Our results further underline the potential of marine palynological analysis emphasizing organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts in biostratigraphic and paleoenvironmental analyses of the Mediterranean Paleogene.

孢粉学分析对来自Arbaa Ayacha西部外裂谷（摩洛哥西北部）Thare剖面的“上白垩世-下始新世”泥灰岩和泥灰岩演替进行了不精确的年代分析，以重新评估之前基于钙质微浮游生物的沉积物年龄测定。该演替产生了保存良好至中等程度的孢粉组合，主要由有机壁鞭毛藻包囊组成，适合生物地层分析。在这里，沉积物被重新评估为中巴尔顿时代，使用了最近校准好的几个指数分类群，如半葡萄球菌和穿孔菱形虫的分布模式。结合背景组合的组成，可以相当精确地指定该剖面对应于磁时线C18n的间隔。1r到C18n。与意大利东北部Alano di Piave的Bartonian/Priabonian全球层型剖面和点（GSSP）剖面相关。我们的研究结果进一步强调了以有机壁鞭毛藻囊为重点的海洋孢粉学分析在地中海古近系生物地层和古环境分析中的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Quantitative reconstruction of Holocene vegetation dynamics and their drivers in the Yanshan region, northern China 燕山地区全新世植被动态的定量重建及其驱动因素

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105480

Xiaoyi Shen , Yanbin Hao , Yanfen Wang , Xiyue Luo , Junxing Du , Aizhi Sun , Jianqing Du

Accurately reconstructing Holocene vegetation dynamics in ecologically sensitive regions is critical for understanding past climate–vegetation interactions and predicting future ecosystem responses. The Yanshan region, a key climatic and ecological transition zone in northern China, has experienced significant vegetation changes during the Holocene, yet previous reconstructions have largely relied on qualitative or semi-quantitative approaches, with limited spatial coverage and temporal reconstruction. In this study, we applied biomization of 33 high-quality fossil pollen records to quantitatively reconstruct the spatiotemporal vegetation succession of the Yanshan region over the past 12,000 years. Our results showed a general trend of steppe–forest–steppe transitions, primarily driven by variations in East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) precipitation. Spatially, vegetation characteristics and succession differ significantly across topographic units. A significant increase in forest cover occurred in the plain after ∼ 5 ka BP, which contrasted with the similar Holocene pattern in the plateau and mountain. This difference may be attributed to transgression of the Bohai Sea into the plain before ∼ 6 ka BP. Notably, a reversal of forest decline occurred after 3 ka BP, particularly in the plain and mountain areas, which is attributed to intensified human activities, including economic tree cultivation and secondary forest expansion. These findings highlight the dominant role of precipitation in regulating regional vegetation, while underscoring the increasing influence of anthropogenic factors in the late Holocene landscape transformation. This study provides a robust quantitative framework for understanding long-term vegetation dynamics and offers critical insights for ecological restoration and climate adaptation strategies in northern China.

准确重建生态敏感区全新世植被动态对于理解过去气候-植被相互作用和预测未来生态系统响应至关重要。燕山地区是中国北方重要的气候生态过渡带，在全新世期间经历了显著的植被变化，但以往的重建主要依赖于定性或半定量方法，空间覆盖和时间重建有限。通过对33份高质量花粉化石记录的生物化处理，对燕山地区近12000年来的植被演替进行了定量重建。研究结果表明，东亚夏季风（EASM）降水变化主要驱动了草原-森林-草原过渡的总体趋势。在空间上，不同地形单元的植被特征和演替存在显著差异。在~ 5 ka BP之后，平原的森林覆盖出现了显著的增加，这与高原和山地的类似全新世格局形成了对比。这种差异可能与渤海在~ 6ka BP之前的海侵有关。值得注意的是，在3 ka BP之后，森林衰退发生逆转，特别是在平原和山区，这归因于人类活动的加剧，包括经济树木的种植和次生林的扩张。这些发现强调了降水在区域植被调节中的主导作用，同时也强调了人类活动对晚全新世景观转变的影响越来越大。该研究为了解中国北方植被的长期动态提供了一个强有力的定量框架，并为中国北方生态恢复和气候适应策略提供了重要见解。

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引用次数: 0

Comparative pollen morphology of the genera Axyris L., Ceratocarpus L., Grayia Hook. & Arn. and Krascheninnikovia Gueldenst. (Amaranthaceae) 鸢尾属、角鼻花属、凤尾花属花粉形态比较。和攻击。和Krascheninnikovia Gueldenst。(苋科)

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105477

Zoya M. Tsymbalyuk , Daniella Ivanova , Lyudmila M. Nitsenko

Based on morphological, morphometric and molecular data, Axyris, Ceratocarpus and Krascheninnikovia, were classified to the subtribe Axyridinae, and later this group was elevated to tribe Axyrideae (Chenopodiaceae / Amaranthaceae). Previously, the representatives of these three genera, together with Grayia, have been included in the subtribe Eurotiinae. Their relationships are poorly understood; the position of Grayia still remains unclear. Considering that palynomorphological traits can be useful for angiosperm taxonomy, the aim of this research was to provide detailed data on the Axyrideae and Grayia pollen characters and to evaluate their taxonomic significance. Pollen morphology of 13 specimens belonging to seven species of the genera Axyris, Ceratocarpus, Grayia (including Zuckia), and Krascheninnikovia was studied using light and scanning electron microscopy. Pollen grains are pantoporate, spheroidal, mainly circular in outline, small or medium-sized. Exine sculpture and pore membranes are nanoechinate, tectum is psilate-perforate. The data obtained showed that species and genera can be identified based on palynomorphological features, especially the pollen diameter, pore number, pore diameter, distance between pores and between pore centres, nanoechini density, number of nanoechini on pore membranes, exine thickness, and structure of columellae. Exine structure (columellae) of pollen grains of all species was analysed for the first time in the present study. UPGMA dendrogram, based on quantitative pollen traits (nanoechini height, width at the base, number per 4 μm², and number on pore membrane), supported the differentiation of genera. The data obtained confirm the close relationships between tribe Axyrideae (Axyris, Ceratocarpus, Krascheninnikovia) and Grayia (including Zuckia). This study highlights the importance of palynomorphological characters for the taxonomy.

根据形态学、形态测量学和分子测量学资料，将Axyris、Ceratocarpus和Krascheninnikovia划分为Axyridinae亚族，后将其提升为axyridae族（Chenopodiaceae / amaranaceae）。在此之前，这三个属的代表，连同格雷亚，被包括在欧洲亚族。人们对它们之间的关系知之甚少；格雷娅的位置仍不明朗。考虑到花粉形态特征对被子植物的分类有重要意义，本研究的目的是为被子植物的花粉特征提供详细的资料，并评价其分类意义。本文采用光镜和扫描电镜技术研究了石竹属（Axyris）、Ceratocarpus、Grayia（包括Zuckia）和Krascheninnikovia 7种13个标本的花粉形态。花粉粒为宽孔状，球形，轮廓以圆形为主，小或中等。外叶雕刻和孔膜呈纳米针状，顶盖呈具囊孔状。根据孢粉形态特征，特别是花粉直径、孔数、孔直径、孔间和孔中心之间的距离、纳米针孔密度、孔膜上纳米针孔数、外壁厚度和小柱结构，可以进行种属鉴定。本研究首次对所有树种花粉粒的外叶结构（小柱）进行了分析。UPGMA树状图显示花粉的数量特征（纳米针尖高度、基部宽度、每4 μm2数量和孔膜数量）支持属的分化。所获得的资料证实了axyridae部落（Axyris, Ceratocarpus, Krascheninnikovia）和Grayia（包括Zuckia）之间的密切关系。本研究强调了形态学特征对植物分类学的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Palynological analysis of the La Anita and Cerro Fortaleza formations (Campanian), southern margin of the Viedma Lake, Santa Cruz Province, Argentina 阿根廷圣克鲁斯省Viedma湖南缘La Anita和Cerro Fortaleza组（Campanian）的孢粉学分析

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2025-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105475

P.E. Santamarina , V.D. Barreda , M.S. González Estebenet , V. Guler , E.S. Bellosi , F. Novas

We present the palynological assemblages recovered from the upper part of the La Anita and Cerro Fortaleza formations (Campanian) from SW Patagonia, Argentina. A total of 73 continental species and 11 dinoflagellate cysts species were identified in this study. Continental species comprise 17 bryophytes and lycophytes, 20 ferns, 14 gymnosperms, 21 angiosperms, and 1 of uncertain affinity. The palynofloras are strongly dominated by gymnosperms, with angiosperms and ferns as secondary components. Cluster analysis employed to explore floristic similarities with Campanian–Maastrichtian palynofloras reveals two main groups: one grouping the palynofloras presented here and another grouping Campanian–Maastrichtian palynofloras from southern South America and the Antarctic Peninsula. The occurrence of spores attributable to Salviniales and Anemiaceae, along with pollen grains referable to Symplocaceae, Aquifoliaceae, and Arecaceae suggests a humid and temperate climate. The presence of Odontochitina porifera and Nelsoniella aceras suggests a late Santonian–early Maastrichtian age of deposition. In addition, continental palynological assemblages are consistent with the Campanian age established by radiometric dating. A comparative assessment of angiosperm diversity and abundance within these assemblages and published records indicates that angiosperms had not yet become the dominant floral component in southern Patagonia during the Late Cretaceous, in contrast to coeval floras at similar paleolatitudes in the Northern Hemisphere. However, further high-resolution palynological analyses are needed to refine our understanding of floristic composition, biogeographic patterns, and the time and mode of angiosperm diversification in southern Patagonia during the late Cretaceous.

本文报道了阿根廷巴塔哥尼亚西南部La Anita组和Cerro Fortaleza组（Campanian）上部的孢粉组合。本研究共鉴定了73种大陆种和11种鞭毛囊类。陆生植物包括苔藓和石松植物17种，蕨类植物20种，裸子植物14种，被子植物21种，亲缘性不确定的植物1种。孢粉植物以裸子植物为主，被子植物和蕨类植物次之。通过聚类分析，揭示了其与坎帕尼亚-马斯特里希特孢粉植物区系的相似性，并将其划分为两大类群：一类是本文所展示的孢粉植物区系，另一类是来自南美洲南部和南极半岛的坎帕尼亚-马斯特里希特孢粉植物区系。孢子属于saliniales和Anemiaceae，花粉粒属于Symplocaceae， Aquifoliaceae和arerecaceae，表明气候湿润温和。Odontochitina porifera和Nelsoniella aceras的存在表明沉积时代为圣安东尼奥晚期-马斯特里赫特早期。此外，大陆孢粉组合与辐射测年确定的坎帕尼亚年龄一致。对这些植物组合中的被子植物多样性和丰度的比较评估和已发表的记录表明，被子植物在晚白垩世尚未成为南巴塔哥尼亚的主要植物成分，与北半球类似古纬度的同期植物区系形成对比。然而，需要进一步的高分辨率孢粉学分析来完善我们对晚白垩世巴塔哥尼亚南部植物区系组成、生物地理格局以及被子植物多样化的时间和模式的理解。

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引用次数: 0

Barrealoxylon nelsonii gen. et sp. nov., a new Pennsylvanian (Carboniferous) fossil stem from Gondwana: Botanical affinity and paleoclimatic implications Barrealoxylon nelsonii gen. et sp. nov.，冈瓦纳石炭纪宾夕法尼亚新化石：植物亲和性及其古气候意义

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105476

Osvaldo A. Conde , Roberto R. Pujana , Gustavo A. Correa , M. Lucía Balarino

This contribution describes a new gymnospermous fossil stem from western Gondwana. Barrealoxylon nelsonii nov. gen. et sp. was recovered from the Pituil Formation (Early Pennsylvanian), Calingasta-Uspallata Basin in San Juan Province, Argentina. The new species is characterized by a septate pith and mesarch primary xylem. The secondary xylem shows distinct growth ring boundaries, tracheids with uniseriate to triseriate araucarian pits in radial walls, pits in tangential walls, and cross-fields with 1–2, rarely 3, “window-like” (= fenestriform) pits. The combination of a septate pith and the primary and secondary xylem characteristics supports its assignment to the Cordaitales, providing further evidence for the presence of this group in southwestern Gondwana. The secondary xylem of the new stem has D-type growth rings, indicative of uniform growth conditions followed by a final stage of reduced vascular cambium activity. This type of growth ring is consistent with the high-humidity climatic conditions that prevailed during the Terminal Glacial Stage in western Gondwana.

这一贡献描述了来自冈瓦纳西部的一种新的裸子植物化石。在阿根廷圣胡安省Calingasta-Uspallata盆地的垂体地层（宾夕法尼亚早期）中发现了梭梭猴。新种的特征是具有隔髓和mesarch初生木质部。次生木质部有明显的生长环边界，管胞在径向壁上有单胚轴到三胚轴的小坑，在切向壁上有小坑，交叉区域有1-2个，很少有3个“窗状”（=窗状）小坑。分离髓和初生和次生木质部特征的结合支持了其归属于cordaitale，为冈瓦纳西南部存在这一类群提供了进一步的证据。新茎的次生木质部具有d型生长环，表明生长条件均匀，随后是维管形成层活性降低的最后阶段。这种类型的生长环与冈瓦纳西部冰川末期盛行的高湿度气候条件相一致。

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引用次数: 0

A new Coniopteris (Dicksoniaceae) from the Middle Jurassic of the Baojishan Basin, Gansu, China, with discussion on its heteromorphic pinnule characteristics 甘肃宝鸡山盆地中侏罗统一新种针蕨属（针蕨科）及其异型花序特征探讨

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2025-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105467

Lan-Xing Wei, Cun-Lin Xin, Zhi -Peng Jiao, Fang-Fang Zhang, Hong Li

Coniopteris (Dicksoniaceae) is a species-rich and diverse Mesozoic fern genus. Based on well-preserved material from the Middle Jurassic Yaojie Formation in the Baojishan Basin, Gansu, China, we combine macromorphology with microstructural characters to describe a new species—Coniopteris baojishanensis Wei et Xin, sp. nov. The frond is lanceolate and at least bipinnate; the ultimate pinnae bear a basal pair of heteromorphic pinnules; the rachis bears a conspicuous longitudinal ridge. Sterile pinnules are elongate-ovate; fertile pinnules are slightly contracted, ovate. A preliminary analysis of the evolutionary distribution of heteromorphic pinnules in Coniopteris indicates first appearance in the Early Jurassic, a peak in the Middle Jurassic, and marked decline by the Cretaceous. We interpret heteromorphic pinnules as an adaptation to moist, low-light understory conditions: by enlarging area or increasing the degree of dissection, they increase light capture and enhance photosynthetic efficiency, thereby improving competitive ability within the community. This study enriches the Chinese fossil record of Coniopteris and provides new clues to the formation of its heteromorphic pinnules.

刺蕨属（刺蕨科）是中生代蕨类植物中种类丰富、种类多样的一个属。根据甘肃宝鸡山盆地中侏罗统姚界组保存完好的材料，结合宏观形态和微观结构特征，描述了一个新种——coniopteris baojishanensis Wei et Xin， sp. 11。末级羽片生一对异型小羽片；轴有明显的纵脊。不育小穗状花序拉长卵形；可育小叶稍收缩，卵形。对锥翼兽异型小尖的演化分布进行初步分析，表明锥翼兽的异型小尖最早出现于早侏罗世，在中侏罗世达到顶峰，在白垩纪显著下降。我们将异型小叶解释为对潮湿、低光照林下条件的适应：它们通过扩大面积或增加解剖程度，增加光捕获和提高光合效率，从而提高群落内的竞争能力。本研究丰富了刺蕨属的中国化石记录，为其异型小尖的形成提供了新的线索。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of herbivore densities using Sporormiella as a palynological proxy: Indian context and the way forward 用孢杆菌作为孢粉代用物的草食动物密度评估：印度背景和前进方向

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105466

Mohammad Firoze Quamar , Nagendra Prasad , Biswajeet Thakur , Maneesha Muraleedharan ET

Herbivory plays a crucial role as a long-term driver of ecosystem changes. Understanding the interactions between herbivores and ecosystems is particularly important for shaping conservation policies, especially those focused on re-wilding. Additionally, understanding changes in the abundance of large herbivores over time and assessing the role of key animal species in disturbance regimes, biodiversity dynamics, and ecosystem resilience remains a significant challenge in long-term ecological studies. Spores specific to herbivore dung offer a valuable source of information on past herbivore populations. Sporormiella, a coprophilous fungal spore that grows on herbivore dung, serves as an important proxy for reconstructing the presence and/or abundance of megaherbivores, livestock density, grazing activity (pastoralism), human impact, extinction events, and the effects of husbandry practices on the natural environment over time and across regions. In India, the application of Sporormiella as a proxy for herbivore presence and abundance remains at an early stage and requires further systematic testing. This review article aims to evaluate the potential of Sporormiella in reconstructing herbivore presence and abundance across different temporal and spatial scales in India. The synthesis of Sporormiella records from both modern and the Holocene sediment samples provides insights into past herbivore densities. Additionally, this study discusses various factors influencing the composition of the spores of coprophilous fungi, and the abundance of Sporormiella, potential constraints on their preservation in certain settings, and the limitations of current research. This research review article also outlines broader implications and directions for the future research.

草食在生态系统变化的长期驱动中起着至关重要的作用。了解食草动物和生态系统之间的相互作用对于制定保护政策尤其重要，特别是那些专注于重新野生化的政策。此外，了解大型食草动物丰度随时间的变化，评估关键动物物种在干扰制度、生物多样性动态和生态系统恢复力中的作用，仍然是长期生态学研究的重大挑战。草食动物粪便特有的孢子为过去的草食动物种群提供了宝贵的信息来源。孢子菌（Sporormiella）是一种生长在食草动物粪便上的嗜粪真菌孢子，可作为重建大型食草动物存在和/或丰度、牲畜密度、放牧活动（畜牧）、人类影响、灭绝事件以及畜牧业对自然环境的影响的重要指标。在印度，Sporormiella作为草食动物存在和丰度的代表的应用仍处于早期阶段，需要进一步的系统测试。本文旨在评估孢子菌在印度不同时空尺度上重建草食动物存在和丰度的潜力。从现代和全新世沉积物样本中合成的孢子菌记录提供了对过去食草动物密度的见解。此外，本研究还讨论了影响粪亲真菌孢子组成的各种因素、孢子菌的丰度、在某些环境下保存孢子菌的潜在限制以及当前研究的局限性。这篇研究综述文章还概述了更广泛的意义和未来的研究方向。

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