Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology最新文献

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Morphological identification of selected spices by starches, calciphytoliths, and phytoliths

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105269

Zhongzhe Gao , Jianping Zhang , Zehao Zhang , Houyuan Lu

Spices have played a crucial role in shaping human culture and facilitating trade across civilizations. Despite their significance, identifying spices in archaeological contexts remains challenging due to the poor preservation of plant remains. This limitation has hindered our understanding of their historical use and distribution. Here, we used a polarizing microscope to analyze the presence and morphological characteristics of starches, calciphytoliths (calcium oxalate crystals), and phytoliths in 23 different spices. Our analysis revealed that all samples contained at least one type of microfossil, with 11 spices identifiable by starches, 10 by calciphytoliths, and 2 by phytoliths. Notably, Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans), Amomum Fruit (Amomum tsaoko), Kencur (Kaempferia galanga), and Ginger (Zingiber officinale) were identified with higher confidence due to the presence of two or more diagnostic microfossils. This study establishes identification criteria for 18 spices and provides a valuable tool for reconstructing the history of spice use and trade, particularly in regions with poor plant preservation, contributing to a deeper understanding of prehistoric cultural and trade networks.

{"title":"Morphological identification of selected spices by starches, calciphytoliths, and phytoliths","authors":"Zhongzhe Gao , Jianping Zhang , Zehao Zhang , Houyuan Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spices have played a crucial role in shaping human culture and facilitating trade across civilizations. Despite their significance, identifying spices in archaeological contexts remains challenging due to the poor preservation of plant remains. This limitation has hindered our understanding of their historical use and distribution. Here, we used a polarizing microscope to analyze the presence and morphological characteristics of starches, calciphytoliths (calcium oxalate crystals), and phytoliths in 23 different spices. Our analysis revealed that all samples contained at least one type of microfossil, with 11 spices identifiable by starches, 10 by calciphytoliths, and 2 by phytoliths. Notably, Nutmeg (<em>Myristica fragrans</em>), Amomum Fruit (<em>Amomum tsaoko</em>), Kencur (<em>Kaempferia galanga</em>), and Ginger (<em>Zingiber officinale</em>) were identified with higher confidence due to the presence of two or more diagnostic microfossils. This study establishes identification criteria for 18 spices and provides a valuable tool for reconstructing the history of spice use and trade, particularly in regions with poor plant preservation, contributing to a deeper understanding of prehistoric cultural and trade networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"334 ","pages":"Article 105269"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143157811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

New palynological data and U–Pb dating from the Jiufotang Formation: Implications for the late Jehol Biota

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105270

Qiaoer Ying , Shouliang Sun , Duojia Zhang , Fei Liang , Yuhui Feng , Guodong Wang , Shiying Wang , Eugenia Bugdaeva , Valentina Markevich , Mihai Emilian Popa

The Lower Cretaceous terrestrial strata of northeast China are predominantly located in northern Hebei, western Liaoning, Jilin, and eastern Inner Mongolia Provinces. Among these, the Jiufotang Formation in western Liaoning has garnered significant global attention due to its rich fossil record, particularly in relation to Jehol Biota. The age of the Jiufotang Formation has long been debated primarily due to the absence of biostratigraphic fossil evidence. In this study, we analyzed the palynological content collected from the Jiufotang Formation in the Pijiagou section of the Fuxin Basin. A total of 41 species in 24 palynomorph genera were recognized as belonging to the Appendicisporites-Pinuspollenites-Jiaohepollis assemblage. We documented the new occurrence of Appendicisporites imperfectus in the Jiufotang Formation, which has been recognized as a valid biostratigraphic indicator for Aptian palynological assemblages, thereby providing crucial new palynological evidence for dating this formation. Furthermore, LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb dating for a rhyolitic tuff yielded a new age of 118.07 ± 0.98 Ma, suggesting that the Pijiagou section was dated to the middle Aptian. Based on the palynological data, the Lower Cretaceous Jiufotang flora was represented by coniferous forests. Considering the associated biota, the palaeoenvironment during the middle Aptian was characterized by a sub-humid warm temperate climate with seasonal changes.

{"title":"New palynological data and U–Pb dating from the Jiufotang Formation: Implications for the late Jehol Biota","authors":"Qiaoer Ying , Shouliang Sun , Duojia Zhang , Fei Liang , Yuhui Feng , Guodong Wang , Shiying Wang , Eugenia Bugdaeva , Valentina Markevich , Mihai Emilian Popa","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Lower Cretaceous terrestrial strata of northeast China are predominantly located in northern Hebei, western Liaoning, Jilin, and eastern Inner Mongolia Provinces. Among these, the Jiufotang Formation in western Liaoning has garnered significant global attention due to its rich fossil record, particularly in relation to Jehol Biota. The age of the Jiufotang Formation has long been debated primarily due to the absence of biostratigraphic fossil evidence. In this study, we analyzed the palynological content collected from the Jiufotang Formation in the Pijiagou section of the Fuxin Basin. A total of 41 species in 24 palynomorph genera were recognized as belonging to the <em>Appendicisporites</em>-<em>Pinuspollenites</em>-<em>Jiaohepollis</em> assemblage. We documented the new occurrence of <em>Appendicisporites imperfectus</em> in the Jiufotang Formation, which has been recognized as a valid biostratigraphic indicator for Aptian palynological assemblages, thereby providing crucial new palynological evidence for dating this formation. Furthermore, LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb dating for a rhyolitic tuff yielded a new age of 118.07 ± 0.98 Ma, suggesting that the Pijiagou section was dated to the middle Aptian. Based on the palynological data, the Lower Cretaceous Jiufotang flora was represented by coniferous forests. Considering the associated biota, the palaeoenvironment during the middle Aptian was characterized by a sub-humid warm temperate climate with seasonal changes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"334 ","pages":"Article 105270"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143157812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bisigillariostrobus prolificus gen. et sp. nov., new sigillarian bisporangiate strobili from the early Permian of Wuda coalfield, Inner Mongolia, China

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2024-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105259

Muhammad Imran Asghar , Shan Wan , Jiři Bek , Jun Wang

A new genus of bisporangiate sigillarian strobili Bisigillariostrobus with the only species Bisigillariostrobus prolificus is proposed. A large number of strobili originates from the Wuda area in Inner Mongolia, China, fossilized during the early Permian period. The specimens are preserved in volcanic tuff, allowing for the study of both morphology and anatomy. The strobili are pedunculate, cylindrical with helically arranged sporophylls. The megasporophylls are on the basal part and microsporophylls on the apical part with each retaining single adaxial sporangium. The sporophylls have a long pedicel and lateral alations, and abaxial heel on the transitional part and a long distal lamina. In situ megaspores are of the Sublagenicula nuda type and microspores are assigned to the dispersed miospore species Crassispora kosankei. Some ontogenetic stages of strobili and megaspores are described. Sublagenicula and Crassispora-producing sigillarians are given and compared with the current species.

{"title":"Bisigillariostrobus prolificus gen. et sp. nov., new sigillarian bisporangiate strobili from the early Permian of Wuda coalfield, Inner Mongolia, China","authors":"Muhammad Imran Asghar , Shan Wan , Jiři Bek , Jun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105259","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105259","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new genus of bisporangiate sigillarian strobili <em>Bisigillariostrobus</em> with the only species <em>Bisigillariostrobus prolificus</em> is proposed. A large number of strobili originates from the Wuda area in Inner Mongolia, China, fossilized during the early Permian period. The specimens are preserved in volcanic tuff, allowing for the study of both morphology and anatomy. The strobili are pedunculate, cylindrical with helically arranged sporophylls. The megasporophylls are on the basal part and microsporophylls on the apical part with each retaining single adaxial sporangium. The sporophylls have a long pedicel and lateral alations, and abaxial heel on the transitional part and a long distal lamina. <em>In situ</em> megaspores are of the <em>Sublagenicula nuda</em> type and microspores are assigned to the dispersed miospore species <em>Crassispora kosankei</em>. Some ontogenetic stages of strobili and megaspores are described. <em>Sublagenicula</em> and <em>Crassispora</em>-producing sigillarians are given and compared with the current species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"334 ","pages":"Article 105259"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143157810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Paleocene occurrence of cornelian cherries Cornus subg. Cornus in the land-mammal site of Berru (Paris Basin, France)

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2024-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105257

Cédric Del Rio , Brian A. Atkinson , Thierry Smith

Cornus subgenus Cornus, also called cornelian cherries, is a relatively ancient clade of dogwoods with a complex biogeographic history. Their fossil record attests to a distribution in North America during the Late Cretaceous and Paleocene, whereas the earliest fossil record in Europe is dated as early as the Eocene. Here, we describe a new occurrence of cornelian cherries based on permineralized endocarps from the late Paleocene (ca. 58 Ma) land-mammal locality of Berru, in Northwest France. The 48 studied specimens possess characteristic cornelian cherry endocarp morphology with locules associated with a dorsal germination valve, no central vascularization, and the presence of numerous secretory cavities in the endocarp wall. In addition, the presence of (three)-four locules and a large apical depression strongly suggest affinities with the early Eocene species Cornus multilocularis from the London Clay Formation. This new occurrence expands the stratigraphic range of the species by approximately four to six million years and is the first unequivocal evidence of cornelian cherries in Europe during the Paleocene. The biogeographical history of cornelian cherries remains complex to explore because of its ancient distribution in the Cretaceous and a geographically and stratigraphically patchy Cenozoic record.

{"title":"A Paleocene occurrence of cornelian cherries Cornus subg. Cornus in the land-mammal site of Berru (Paris Basin, France)","authors":"Cédric Del Rio , Brian A. Atkinson , Thierry Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105257","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105257","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Cornus</em> subgenus <em>Cornus</em>, also called cornelian cherries, is a relatively ancient clade of dogwoods with a complex biogeographic history. Their fossil record attests to a distribution in North America during the Late Cretaceous and Paleocene, whereas the earliest fossil record in Europe is dated as early as the Eocene. Here, we describe a new occurrence of cornelian cherries based on permineralized endocarps from the late Paleocene (ca. 58 Ma) land-mammal locality of Berru, in Northwest France. The 48 studied specimens possess characteristic cornelian cherry endocarp morphology with locules associated with a dorsal germination valve, no central vascularization, and the presence of numerous secretory cavities in the endocarp wall. In addition, the presence of (three)-four locules and a large apical depression strongly suggest affinities with the early Eocene species <em>Cornus multilocularis</em> from the London Clay Formation. This new occurrence expands the stratigraphic range of the species by approximately four to six million years and is the first unequivocal evidence of cornelian cherries in Europe during the Paleocene. The biogeographical history of cornelian cherries remains complex to explore because of its ancient distribution in the Cretaceous and a geographically and stratigraphically patchy Cenozoic record.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"334 ","pages":"Article 105257"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143157766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spores constraining age of the Middle Devonian paleosol from Voronezh, Russia and their paleopedological and evolutionary significances

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2024-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105258

Kai Wang , Tatiana Alekseeva , Hong-He Xu

As a tangible record that formed on ancient landscape, paleosols provide unique evidence for the evolutionary, paleoecological, and paleoenvironmental understandings to land organisms. However, not all paleosols have a good potential for fossil preservation. Plant preservation of paleosols is highly dependent on Eh-Ph conditions of the past and usually favor reducing paleosols. In this study, we carry on palynological analysis for an acid sulfate paleosol from Voronezh, Russia. Abundant and well-preserved spores are recognized from the middle part of this paleosol and its overlying shale. The Ancyrospora tichonovitschi–Retispora archaeolepidophyta–Rhabdosporites langii (TAL) assemblage from the paleosol, including spores of 45 genera and 101 species, indicates a late Eifelian?–early Givetian age. This new age constraint on the paleosol is entrenched by another spore assemblage from the lowermost part of the overlying shale, namely Cristatisporites conannulatus–Geminospora decora–Membrabaculisporis comans (CDC) assemblage. This assemblage includes spores of 38 genera and 89 species, and can be well correlated with the early Givetian Cymbosporites magnificus–Hymenozonotriletes tichonovitschi (MT) Subzone in eastern Europe. Both the assemblages are characteristic for the humid subtropical flora. Assessments of sporopollenin degradation within the paleosol lead to the suggestion that low pH value probably plays a significant role in spore preservation and can explain the surprising diversity and abundance of spores. New palynological results indicate a flourishing land flora in the Kačák interval of Voronezh High, where terrestrial vegetation might have suffered from a collapse coincident with the Taghanic event.

{"title":"Spores constraining age of the Middle Devonian paleosol from Voronezh, Russia and their paleopedological and evolutionary significances","authors":"Kai Wang , Tatiana Alekseeva , Hong-He Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105258","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105258","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a tangible record that formed on ancient landscape, paleosols provide unique evidence for the evolutionary, paleoecological, and paleoenvironmental understandings to land organisms. However, not all paleosols have a good potential for fossil preservation. Plant preservation of paleosols is highly dependent on Eh-Ph conditions of the past and usually favor reducing paleosols. In this study, we carry on palynological analysis for an acid sulfate paleosol from Voronezh, Russia. Abundant and well-preserved spores are recognized from the middle part of this paleosol and its overlying shale. The <em>Ancyrospora tichonovitschi</em>–<em>Retispora archaeolepidophyta</em>–<em>Rhabdosporites langii</em> (TAL) assemblage from the paleosol, including spores of 45 genera and 101 species, indicates a late Eifelian?–early Givetian age. This new age constraint on the paleosol is entrenched by another spore assemblage from the lowermost part of the overlying shale, namely <em>Cristatisporites conannulatus</em>–<em>Geminospora decora</em>–<em>Membrabaculisporis comans</em> (CDC) assemblage. This assemblage includes spores of 38 genera and 89 species, and can be well correlated with the early Givetian <em>Cymbosporites magnificus</em>–<em>Hymenozonotriletes tichonovitschi</em> (MT) Subzone in eastern Europe. Both the assemblages are characteristic for the humid subtropical flora. Assessments of sporopollenin degradation within the paleosol lead to the suggestion that low pH value probably plays a significant role in spore preservation and can explain the surprising diversity and abundance of spores. New palynological results indicate a flourishing land flora in the Kačák interval of Voronezh High, where terrestrial vegetation might have suffered from a collapse coincident with the Taghanic event.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"334 ","pages":"Article 105258"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143157808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tibetan Plateau palm fossils prove the Kohistan-Ladakh Island Arc is a floristic steppingstone between Gondwana and Laurasia

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2024-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105255

Yi Gao , Ai Song , Wen-Jian Cai , Robert A. Spicer , Rui Zhang , Jia Liu , Gaurav Srivastava , Xuan-Rong Yao , Xing-Yuan Qin , Hao Tang , Shu-Feng Li , Tao Su

Palms are mainly distributed in the pantropical regions and although the fossil records are rich globally, their evolutionary and biogeographic histories remain unresolved largely due to the uneven spatial distribution of fossil records. Here, we report late Paleocene palm leaf fossils from Lazi County, southern Tibetan Plateau. These fossil leaves, characterized by induplicate fan-shaped costapalmate laminae with unarmed petioles, suggest an affiliation with the subfamily Coryphoideae. With morphological comparisons to other palm leaf fossil records, we place these palm leaf fossils within the fossil genus Sabalites, specifically Sabalites striatipetiolaphyllum Y. Gao et T. Su sp. nov. Together with previous palm fossil records, we propose that the Kohistan-Ladakh Island Arc served as a steppingstone for the dispersal of palms from India to southern Tibet by the late Paleocene, and palms spread into central Tibetan region by the late Eocene. Overall, palm fossils in this study provide crucial evidence for floristic interchange between India and Asia during the Paleogene, as well as a warm climate in southern Tibet at that time.

{"title":"Tibetan Plateau palm fossils prove the Kohistan-Ladakh Island Arc is a floristic steppingstone between Gondwana and Laurasia","authors":"Yi Gao , Ai Song , Wen-Jian Cai , Robert A. Spicer , Rui Zhang , Jia Liu , Gaurav Srivastava , Xuan-Rong Yao , Xing-Yuan Qin , Hao Tang , Shu-Feng Li , Tao Su","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105255","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Palms are mainly distributed in the pantropical regions and although the fossil records are rich globally, their evolutionary and biogeographic histories remain unresolved largely due to the uneven spatial distribution of fossil records. Here, we report late Paleocene palm leaf fossils from Lazi County, southern Tibetan Plateau. These fossil leaves, characterized by induplicate fan-shaped costapalmate laminae with unarmed petioles, suggest an affiliation with the subfamily Coryphoideae. With morphological comparisons to other palm leaf fossil records, we place these palm leaf fossils within the fossil genus <em>Sabalites</em>, specifically <em>Sabalites striatipetiolaphyllum</em> Y. Gao et T. Su sp. nov. Together with previous palm fossil records, we propose that the Kohistan-Ladakh Island Arc served as a steppingstone for the dispersal of palms from India to southern Tibet by the late Paleocene, and palms spread into central Tibetan region by the late Eocene. Overall, palm fossils in this study provide crucial evidence for floristic interchange between India and Asia during the Paleogene, as well as a warm climate in southern Tibet at that time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"334 ","pages":"Article 105255"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143157805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Two plant-fossil assemblages of early Permian age from north-central Texas and their comparison with other Permian deposits of the region

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2024-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105238

Kristopher J. Purens, William A. DiMichele, Dan S. Chaney

North-Central Texas preserves an early Permian record of floristic change from the Asselian through the Kungurian. The regional floras that occur during that time interval vary compositionally in systematic ways and indicate major periods of environmental change. Here we describe two such floras from the late Artinskian, found in close geographic and stratigraphic proximity, the latter collection (1991) initially was thought to be from the same site as an earlier collection (1974), but proved to be from a different layer in the same area. The two floras, “Farmer's Tank” and “Cattle Tank” were analyzed quantitatively. They are composed of the same basic mixture of taxa but with strikingly different dominance-diversity profiles; Farmer's Tank is dominated by walchian conifers with subdominant marattialean tree ferns and gigantopterids, and Cattle Tank by marattialean tree ferns with subdominant noeggerathialeans and callipterids with conifers fourth in rank. These floras are from the early phases of a change in regional floras from heavily dominated by conifers and other xeromorphic, drought-tolerant elements, to “mixed” floras rich in, even dominated by marattialean tree ferns, but retaining a major component of drought-tolerant elements. These quantitative differences may reflect differences in the environment of deposition, but also possibly in season of the year - the Farmer's Tank collection is rich in seeds of considerable variety (13 morphotypes), whereas the Cattle Tank collection contains few seeds. These floristic features strongly suggest a landscape under seasonal climatic conditions with a period of moisture deficit.

{"title":"Two plant-fossil assemblages of early Permian age from north-central Texas and their comparison with other Permian deposits of the region","authors":"Kristopher J. Purens, William A. DiMichele, Dan S. Chaney","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>North-Central Texas preserves an early Permian record of floristic change from the Asselian through the Kungurian. The regional floras that occur during that time interval vary compositionally in systematic ways and indicate major periods of environmental change. Here we describe two such floras from the late Artinskian, found in close geographic and stratigraphic proximity, the latter collection (1991) initially was thought to be from the same site as an earlier collection (1974), but proved to be from a different layer in the same area. The two floras, “Farmer's Tank” and “Cattle Tank” were analyzed quantitatively. They are composed of the same basic mixture of taxa but with strikingly different dominance-diversity profiles; Farmer's Tank is dominated by walchian conifers with subdominant marattialean tree ferns and gigantopterids, and Cattle Tank by marattialean tree ferns with subdominant noeggerathialeans and callipterids with conifers fourth in rank. These floras are from the early phases of a change in regional floras from heavily dominated by conifers and other xeromorphic, drought-tolerant elements, to “mixed” floras rich in, even dominated by marattialean tree ferns, but retaining a major component of drought-tolerant elements. These quantitative differences may reflect differences in the environment of deposition, but also possibly in season of the year - the Farmer's Tank collection is rich in seeds of considerable variety (13 morphotypes), whereas the Cattle Tank collection contains few seeds. These floristic features strongly suggest a landscape under seasonal climatic conditions with a period of moisture deficit.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"334 ","pages":"Article 105238"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143157765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

They were… …the grass on the housetops and blasted before it be grown up

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2024-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105252

Shahal Abbo , Simcha Lev-Yadun , Avi Gopher

Archaeobotanical finds of plant parts, especially of wild taxa that were domesticated and their derived domesticated forms, unearthed from archeological sites assume an important role in plant domestication research. Those finds are used in modelling plant domestication under the explicit or implicit assumptions that they represent past genetic, ecological, and cultural situations and dynamics and may illuminate the mechanisms that underly plant domestication. This ‘representability assumption’ is discussed herein by considering the potential contribution to the archaeobotanical finds of a source that was not investigated in depth in the past – that is, ‘housetop plants’. The match between the lists from four botanically surveyed ruins in Israel, taxa mentioned in the archaeobotanical literature, and lists of segetal taxa in recent traditional argo-ecologies in Israel, shows that flora of housetop and ruins of built complexes should be considered as an important origin of archaeobotanical finds identified in archaeological sites. These results are further considered on the backdrop of the suggested protracted model of plant domestication in the Levant focusing on pre-domestication cultivation and arguments concerning weeds of cultivation.

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引用次数: 0

In situ volcanically baked killarney fern fossils (Hymenophyllaceae) from the late Holocene of the Azores archipelago (Portugal)

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105254

C.A. Góis-Marques , F. Rumsey , J. Madeira , M. Menezes de Sequeira

Among the most delicate native vascular plants present in the Azores archipelago (central Atlantic Ocean, Portugal) are the Hymenophyllaceae, known as the filmy ferns, due to their characteristic translucent one-cell thick lamina lacking stomata. Importantly, these characters impose a restriction to shaded and high humidity habitats, promoting rapid decay, leading to a low fossilization potential, as revealed by a worldwide scant macrofossil record of this family. Here we describe the first macrofossils of Hymenophyllaceae from Macaronesia, found on Faial Island, Azores archipelago. The fossils were preserved in situ within a 1000–1200 yr. BP vesicular ash-fall tuff overlain by an ignimbrite deposit. The specimens are three-dimensionally incorporated within the matrix, presenting overlapping, and are preserved as impressions with exceptional cuticular preservation. Morphological and anatomical characters match the sterile fronds of Vandenboschia speciosa, a native fern of the Azores Islands. Taphonomically, these fossils reveal that ash-fall released by sub-Plinian eruptions in oceanic islands can promote the burial and preservation of delicate plants, even when overlaid by hot pyroclastic density currents. Given the medieval age of the fossils, the associated autochthonous palaeoflora (Laurisilva), and their finding in a currently highly anthropically disturbed area, are especially important to reconstruct the palaeoecosystem baseline and inform possible future ecosystem restoration.

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引用次数: 0

Callixylon seamrogia sp. nov., a new species from the uppermost Famennian (Upper Devonian) of Ireland

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105256

Thibault Durieux , Anne-Laure Decombeix , Carla J. Harper , Merlin Ramel , Chris Mays , Cyrille Prestianni

The fossil record of the Devonian tree Archaeopteris/Callixylon is extensive worldwide, however, the underground parts of these plants remain scarcely known. To date, there are only three studies that provide detailed anatomical descriptions of their roots. This study describes new anatomically preserved roots and stems of Callixylon from uppermost Famennian (Upper Devonian) deposits of Sandeel Bay, County Wexford, Ireland. The wood is characterized by tracheids with the pitting pattern typical of Callixylon (i.e., radial pits forming groups separated by non-pitted areas), and the presence of numerous ray tracheids that are smaller than the parenchyma ray cells in tangential section and unevenly arranged inside the rays. The roots are characterized by a three-lobed actinostele with multiple exarch protoxylem strands, an unusual organization reported for the first time in Callixylon roots. The stems are eustelic, with a heterocellular pith composed of thin and some thick-walled cells. Based on their unique combination of characters, the specimens are assigned to a new species, Callixylon seamrogia, the first species of Callixylon reported from Ireland. Based on comparisons with previous architectural studies of Callixylon, the stems are hypothesized to correspond to main axes of the new species, one of them bearing an apically emitted non-persistent branch. These new specimens from Ireland provide new information on the rooting system of Archaeopteris/Callixylon and improve our understanding of the anatomical and systematic diversity within the genus.

{"title":"Callixylon seamrogia sp. nov., a new species from the uppermost Famennian (Upper Devonian) of Ireland","authors":"Thibault Durieux , Anne-Laure Decombeix , Carla J. Harper , Merlin Ramel , Chris Mays , Cyrille Prestianni","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105256","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105256","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fossil record of the Devonian tree <em>Archaeopteris</em>/<em>Callixylon</em> is extensive worldwide, however, the underground parts of these plants remain scarcely known. To date, there are only three studies that provide detailed anatomical descriptions of their roots. This study describes new anatomically preserved roots and stems of <em>Callixylon</em> from uppermost Famennian (Upper Devonian) deposits of Sandeel Bay, County Wexford, Ireland. The wood is characterized by tracheids with the pitting pattern typical of <em>Callixylon</em> (i.e., radial pits forming groups separated by non-pitted areas), and the presence of numerous ray tracheids that are smaller than the parenchyma ray cells in tangential section and unevenly arranged inside the rays. The roots are characterized by a three-lobed actinostele with multiple exarch protoxylem strands, an unusual organization reported for the first time in <em>Callixylon</em> roots. The stems are eustelic, with a heterocellular pith composed of thin and some thick-walled cells. Based on their unique combination of characters, the specimens are assigned to a new species, <em>Callixylon seamrogia</em>, the first species of <em>Callixylon</em> reported from Ireland. Based on comparisons with previous architectural studies of <em>Callixylon,</em> the stems are hypothesized to correspond to main axes of the new species, one of them bearing an apically emitted non-persistent branch. These new specimens from Ireland provide new information on the rooting system of <em>Archaeopteris/Callixylon</em> and improve our understanding of the anatomical and systematic diversity within the genus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"334 ","pages":"Article 105256"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143157809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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