Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.1080/09349847.2018.1459989
Jiangtao Sun, A. Chong, S. Tavakoli, Guojin Feng, J. Kanfoud, C. Selcuk, T. Gan
ABSTRACT An enhanced technique using image processing has been developed for automated ultrasonic inspection of composite materials, such as glass/carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP or CFRP), to ascertain their structural healthiness. The proposed technique is capable of identifying the abnormality features buried in the composite by image filtering and segmentation applied to ultrasonic C-Scan images. This work presents results performed on two composite samples with simulated delamination defects. A local gating scheme is applied to raw A-Scan data for improved contrast between defective and healthy regions in the produced C-Scan image. In this test campaign, different filtering and thresholding algorithms are evaluated and compared in terms of their effectiveness on defect identification. The accuracies of less than 3 mm and 1.11 mm were attained for the defect size and depth, respectively. The results demonstrates the applicability of the proposed technique for accurate defect localization and characterization of composite materials.
{"title":"Automated Quality Characterization for Composites Using Hybrid Ultrasonic Imaging Techniques","authors":"Jiangtao Sun, A. Chong, S. Tavakoli, Guojin Feng, J. Kanfoud, C. Selcuk, T. Gan","doi":"10.1080/09349847.2018.1459989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09349847.2018.1459989","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT An enhanced technique using image processing has been developed for automated ultrasonic inspection of composite materials, such as glass/carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP or CFRP), to ascertain their structural healthiness. The proposed technique is capable of identifying the abnormality features buried in the composite by image filtering and segmentation applied to ultrasonic C-Scan images. This work presents results performed on two composite samples with simulated delamination defects. A local gating scheme is applied to raw A-Scan data for improved contrast between defective and healthy regions in the produced C-Scan image. In this test campaign, different filtering and thresholding algorithms are evaluated and compared in terms of their effectiveness on defect identification. The accuracies of less than 3 mm and 1.11 mm were attained for the defect size and depth, respectively. The results demonstrates the applicability of the proposed technique for accurate defect localization and characterization of composite materials.","PeriodicalId":54493,"journal":{"name":"Research in Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"111 1","pages":"205 - 230"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90758978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.1080/09349847.2018.1427819
Mohammad R. Rawashdeh, A. Rosell, L. Udpa, S. R. H. Hoole, Yiming Deng
ABSTRACT Eddy Current Testing (ECT) plays a key role in detecting cracks and defects in conductors. The present study examines for the first time how the subregion method as an effective mathematical and computational technique can be admixed with Finite Element Method (FEM) to study multiple defects parameters for ECT issues. Separating a defect region from the entire domain in any computational technique will save both time and storage space. Examples of different types of defects are presented in this article . A tangible result of processing time reduction by 90% has been achieved which has led us to consider the subregion FEM method as an effective method in solving different Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) problems. An agreement between our results and others using classical FEM has been achieved which could lead to using this technique in online and field testing problems. The presented subregion FEM algorithm was verified experimentally with good agreement by testing Aluminum (T6061-T6) samples with defects. A Tunneling Magnetoresistive (TMR) sensor was used to measure the component of the magnetic field from normal to the sample top surface. A major component of minimizing processing time was achieved, which could lead to using this technique in online and field testing problems.
{"title":"A computational investigation and smooth-shaped defect synthesis for eddy current testing problems using the subregion finite element method","authors":"Mohammad R. Rawashdeh, A. Rosell, L. Udpa, S. R. H. Hoole, Yiming Deng","doi":"10.1080/09349847.2018.1427819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09349847.2018.1427819","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Eddy Current Testing (ECT) plays a key role in detecting cracks and defects in conductors. The present study examines for the first time how the subregion method as an effective mathematical and computational technique can be admixed with Finite Element Method (FEM) to study multiple defects parameters for ECT issues. Separating a defect region from the entire domain in any computational technique will save both time and storage space. Examples of different types of defects are presented in this article . A tangible result of processing time reduction by 90% has been achieved which has led us to consider the subregion FEM method as an effective method in solving different Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) problems. An agreement between our results and others using classical FEM has been achieved which could lead to using this technique in online and field testing problems. The presented subregion FEM algorithm was verified experimentally with good agreement by testing Aluminum (T6061-T6) samples with defects. A Tunneling Magnetoresistive (TMR) sensor was used to measure the component of the magnetic field from normal to the sample top surface. A major component of minimizing processing time was achieved, which could lead to using this technique in online and field testing problems.","PeriodicalId":54493,"journal":{"name":"Research in Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"46 1","pages":"149 - 178"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84929394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.1080/09349847.2018.1426800
M. Abdelrahman, M. ElBatanouny, J. Rose, P. Ziehl
ABSTRACT The current state of infrastructure in the United States and worldwide has raised the need for reliable structural health monitoring techniques. Piezoelectric sensing, such as acoustic emission, has recently gained attention due to its high sensitivity and associated capability for early detection of damage. The high sensitivity of this method, however, results in the collection of data not directly related to damage growth. Current filtering procedures focus primarily on parametric analysis of the collected signals. This study focuses on developing more robust filtering techniques for acoustic emission data collected from a prestressed concrete specimen. Simulated data was generated to enable proper identification of the source of the collected signals. Filtering criteria were developed through characterization of the energy content using a wavelet transform. The developed filters were capable of separating the induced target signals from other signals with reasonable accuracy, and the results were verified through source location. The developed filters were validated using acoustic emission data collected during a load test.
{"title":"Signal processing techniques for filtering acoustic emission data in prestressed concrete","authors":"M. Abdelrahman, M. ElBatanouny, J. Rose, P. Ziehl","doi":"10.1080/09349847.2018.1426800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09349847.2018.1426800","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The current state of infrastructure in the United States and worldwide has raised the need for reliable structural health monitoring techniques. Piezoelectric sensing, such as acoustic emission, has recently gained attention due to its high sensitivity and associated capability for early detection of damage. The high sensitivity of this method, however, results in the collection of data not directly related to damage growth. Current filtering procedures focus primarily on parametric analysis of the collected signals. This study focuses on developing more robust filtering techniques for acoustic emission data collected from a prestressed concrete specimen. Simulated data was generated to enable proper identification of the source of the collected signals. Filtering criteria were developed through characterization of the energy content using a wavelet transform. The developed filters were capable of separating the induced target signals from other signals with reasonable accuracy, and the results were verified through source location. The developed filters were validated using acoustic emission data collected during a load test.","PeriodicalId":54493,"journal":{"name":"Research in Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"16 1","pages":"127 - 148"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85668644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-02DOI: 10.1080/09349847.2019.1593567
Maria Violeta Montiel-Zafra, F. Canadas-Quesada, P. Vera-Candeas, N. Ruiz-Reyes, J. R. Arrans, J. M. López
ABSTRACT In this work, a novel migration method is applied to Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) data to detect the internal flaws of ornamental stone blocks. To detect and classify fractures in accordance with their spatial orientation, a Shift-Invariant Probabilistic Latent Component Analysis (SI-PLCA) is proposed. GPR simulations are conducted using modeling software to test several types of fractures (with different positions, thicknesses, and lengths) in rock blocks and to train several patterns as inputs for the SI-PLCA method. An 800 MHz antenna is used to assess both simulated and real data. The accuracy rate of the proposed approach is evaluated and compared with that of classical migration methods for detection and is compared to a Template Matching approach for classification; promising results are obtained. In addition, GPR is applied to two blocks of a rock type known commercially as Crema Marfil. The 3D fracture maps obtained from the proposed approach are compared with the stone slabs from the cutting process. The results show that the proposed approach applied to GPR radargrams is an effective method for determining the internal structure of stone materials, particularly for detecting and classifying fractures.
{"title":"Detection and classification of internal defects in limestone blocks based on a deconvolution technique with SI-PLCA applied to GPR signals","authors":"Maria Violeta Montiel-Zafra, F. Canadas-Quesada, P. Vera-Candeas, N. Ruiz-Reyes, J. R. Arrans, J. M. López","doi":"10.1080/09349847.2019.1593567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09349847.2019.1593567","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this work, a novel migration method is applied to Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) data to detect the internal flaws of ornamental stone blocks. To detect and classify fractures in accordance with their spatial orientation, a Shift-Invariant Probabilistic Latent Component Analysis (SI-PLCA) is proposed. GPR simulations are conducted using modeling software to test several types of fractures (with different positions, thicknesses, and lengths) in rock blocks and to train several patterns as inputs for the SI-PLCA method. An 800 MHz antenna is used to assess both simulated and real data. The accuracy rate of the proposed approach is evaluated and compared with that of classical migration methods for detection and is compared to a Template Matching approach for classification; promising results are obtained. In addition, GPR is applied to two blocks of a rock type known commercially as Crema Marfil. The 3D fracture maps obtained from the proposed approach are compared with the stone slabs from the cutting process. The results show that the proposed approach applied to GPR radargrams is an effective method for determining the internal structure of stone materials, particularly for detecting and classifying fractures.","PeriodicalId":54493,"journal":{"name":"Research in Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"48 1","pages":"350 - 379"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2019-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76184379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.1080/09349847.2017.1361492
Khalid Muzaffar, D. Roy, S. Tuli, S. Koul
ABSTRACT In this article, Frequency Modulated Thermal Wave Imaging (FMTWI) [1–6] is introduced for the first time for determining power distribution of electromagnetic waves on plane surfaces. The advantage with this technique is that we can extract multiple amplitude and phase images from a single run of experiment. The applied excitation signal in this technique is a frequency modulated chirp signal instead of a single frequency signal used in conventional lock-in infrared (IR) thermography [7–11]. The thermal images obtained using FMTWI can be used qualitatively, e.g., to detect field leakage near electromagnetic junctions and microstrip feed lines. As a practical demonstration of this technique, an example of 2 × 2 patch antenna array at 8 GHz is considered. First, amplitude images at various modulation frequencies are obtained. Next, signal to noise ratio (SNR) values at each frequency are calculated. It is seen that SNR is lower at higher frequencies. It is observed that at higher modulation frequencies, micro-strip lines feeding the individual patch antennas of the array, are not visible in amplitude images, while at lower frequencies they are clearly visible Mathematical modeling of the microwave absorption screen has also been carried out to show variations of incident, reflected, and transmitted powers as a function of screen surface impedance. It is also observed that the screen minimally perturbs the electromagnetic fields.
{"title":"Frequency modulated thermal wave imaging for visualizing power density of electromagnetic waves on plane surfaces","authors":"Khalid Muzaffar, D. Roy, S. Tuli, S. Koul","doi":"10.1080/09349847.2017.1361492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09349847.2017.1361492","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this article, Frequency Modulated Thermal Wave Imaging (FMTWI) [1–6] is introduced for the first time for determining power distribution of electromagnetic waves on plane surfaces. The advantage with this technique is that we can extract multiple amplitude and phase images from a single run of experiment. The applied excitation signal in this technique is a frequency modulated chirp signal instead of a single frequency signal used in conventional lock-in infrared (IR) thermography [7–11]. The thermal images obtained using FMTWI can be used qualitatively, e.g., to detect field leakage near electromagnetic junctions and microstrip feed lines. As a practical demonstration of this technique, an example of 2 × 2 patch antenna array at 8 GHz is considered. First, amplitude images at various modulation frequencies are obtained. Next, signal to noise ratio (SNR) values at each frequency are calculated. It is seen that SNR is lower at higher frequencies. It is observed that at higher modulation frequencies, micro-strip lines feeding the individual patch antennas of the array, are not visible in amplitude images, while at lower frequencies they are clearly visible Mathematical modeling of the microwave absorption screen has also been carried out to show variations of incident, reflected, and transmitted powers as a function of screen surface impedance. It is also observed that the screen minimally perturbs the electromagnetic fields.","PeriodicalId":54493,"journal":{"name":"Research in Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"37 1","pages":"65 - 79"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83110482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.1080/09349847.2017.1374493
Yew-Meng Koh, W. Meeker
ABSTRACT Probability of detection (POD) is commonly used to measure a nondestructive evaluation (NDE) inspection procedure’s performance. Due to inherent variability in the inspection procedure caused by variability in factors such as crack morphology and operators, it is important, for some purposes, to model POD as a random function. Traditionally, inspection variabilities are pooled and an estimate of the mean POD (averaged over all sources of variability) is reported. In some applications it is important to know how poor typical inspections might be, and this question is answered by estimating a quantile of the POD distribution. This article shows how to fit and compare different models to repeated-measures hit--miss data with multiple inspections with different operators for each crack and shows how to estimate the mean POD as well as quantiles of the POD distribution for binary (hit--miss) NDE data. We also show how to compute credible intervals (quantifying uncertainty due to limited data) for these quantities using a Bayesian estimation approach. We use NDE for the detection of fatigue cracks as the motivating example, but the concepts apply more generally to other NDE applications areas.
{"title":"Quantile POD for nondestructive evaluation with hit--miss data","authors":"Yew-Meng Koh, W. Meeker","doi":"10.1080/09349847.2017.1374493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09349847.2017.1374493","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Probability of detection (POD) is commonly used to measure a nondestructive evaluation (NDE) inspection procedure’s performance. Due to inherent variability in the inspection procedure caused by variability in factors such as crack morphology and operators, it is important, for some purposes, to model POD as a random function. Traditionally, inspection variabilities are pooled and an estimate of the mean POD (averaged over all sources of variability) is reported. In some applications it is important to know how poor typical inspections might be, and this question is answered by estimating a quantile of the POD distribution. This article shows how to fit and compare different models to repeated-measures hit--miss data with multiple inspections with different operators for each crack and shows how to estimate the mean POD as well as quantiles of the POD distribution for binary (hit--miss) NDE data. We also show how to compute credible intervals (quantifying uncertainty due to limited data) for these quantities using a Bayesian estimation approach. We use NDE for the detection of fatigue cracks as the motivating example, but the concepts apply more generally to other NDE applications areas.","PeriodicalId":54493,"journal":{"name":"Research in Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"44 1","pages":"111 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89311036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.1080/09349847.2017.1375170
Bin Liu, Wenbing Miao, S. Dong, P. He
ABSTRACT In this, a method to measure welding residual stress in butt-welded joints of carbon steel plates using longitudinal critically refracted wave (Lcr wave) is proposed. Cross-correlation was employed to calculate the difference in time of flight between Lcr wave, and the optimal step length for the measurements is discussed. To determine Lcr wave acoustoelastic coefficient of the heat affected zone (HAZ), the relationship between the Lcr wave acoustoelastic coefficient and the grain size is established. The results show that one cycle is the optimal step length for the difference in the time-of-flight calculation, and with increasing grain size increase, Lcr wave acoustoelastic coefficient decreases in the form of a power function. In addition, grain size can be determined by using amplitude of the Lcr wave, so that the measured value of welding residual stress in HAZ can be corrected. The welding residual stress in melted zone (MZ) is corrected by calibrating acoustoelastic coefficient of the MZ. The acoustoelastic coefficient of the MZ is larger than that of parent material (PM). At last, welding residual stress in the butt-weld joint is measured and corrected with the Lcr wave technique. The results are verified by the hole drilling method.
{"title":"Grain size correction of welding residual stress measurement in a carbon steel plate using the critical refraction of longitudinal waves","authors":"Bin Liu, Wenbing Miao, S. Dong, P. He","doi":"10.1080/09349847.2017.1375170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09349847.2017.1375170","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this, a method to measure welding residual stress in butt-welded joints of carbon steel plates using longitudinal critically refracted wave (Lcr wave) is proposed. Cross-correlation was employed to calculate the difference in time of flight between Lcr wave, and the optimal step length for the measurements is discussed. To determine Lcr wave acoustoelastic coefficient of the heat affected zone (HAZ), the relationship between the Lcr wave acoustoelastic coefficient and the grain size is established. The results show that one cycle is the optimal step length for the difference in the time-of-flight calculation, and with increasing grain size increase, Lcr wave acoustoelastic coefficient decreases in the form of a power function. In addition, grain size can be determined by using amplitude of the Lcr wave, so that the measured value of welding residual stress in HAZ can be corrected. The welding residual stress in melted zone (MZ) is corrected by calibrating acoustoelastic coefficient of the MZ. The acoustoelastic coefficient of the MZ is larger than that of parent material (PM). At last, welding residual stress in the butt-weld joint is measured and corrected with the Lcr wave technique. The results are verified by the hole drilling method.","PeriodicalId":54493,"journal":{"name":"Research in Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"11 1","pages":"112 - 126"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78361983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-05DOI: 10.1080/09349847.2019.1574942
S. Kahrobaee, Hossein Norouzi Sahraei, Iman Ahadi Akhlaghi
ABSTRACT The aim in this article is to evaluate microstructural changes, hardness variations, and wear behavior of H13 hot work tool steel as a function of austenitizing and tempering temperature using nondestructive magnetic hysteresis loop method. To obtain different microstructural characteristics in the H13 specimens, austenitizing and tempering temperatures were varied in the range of 1,050–1,100°C and 200–650°C, respectively. The microstructural features, hardness, and wear loss were characterized using X-ray diffraction/metallographic examinations, hardness measurements, and a pin-on-disk wear tester, respectively. The relations between features obtained from the conventional methods and parameters extracted from the magnetic hysteresis loops were established. Results demonstrate that the proposed nondestructive method is able to assess the wear behavior of the heat treated H13 tool steels. Besides, a standard Generalized Regression Neural Network (GRNN) was trained with a training dataset and then used to estimate the hardness of a given sample with its measured values of magnetic parameters. Experimental results indicate that, if the training dataset has sufficient samples, the proposed method will have a very high accuracy to estimate hardness of the sample, nondestructively.
{"title":"Nondestructive Characterization of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Heat Treated H13 Tool Steel Using Magnetic Hysteresis Loop Methodology","authors":"S. Kahrobaee, Hossein Norouzi Sahraei, Iman Ahadi Akhlaghi","doi":"10.1080/09349847.2019.1574942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09349847.2019.1574942","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The aim in this article is to evaluate microstructural changes, hardness variations, and wear behavior of H13 hot work tool steel as a function of austenitizing and tempering temperature using nondestructive magnetic hysteresis loop method. To obtain different microstructural characteristics in the H13 specimens, austenitizing and tempering temperatures were varied in the range of 1,050–1,100°C and 200–650°C, respectively. The microstructural features, hardness, and wear loss were characterized using X-ray diffraction/metallographic examinations, hardness measurements, and a pin-on-disk wear tester, respectively. The relations between features obtained from the conventional methods and parameters extracted from the magnetic hysteresis loops were established. Results demonstrate that the proposed nondestructive method is able to assess the wear behavior of the heat treated H13 tool steels. Besides, a standard Generalized Regression Neural Network (GRNN) was trained with a training dataset and then used to estimate the hardness of a given sample with its measured values of magnetic parameters. Experimental results indicate that, if the training dataset has sufficient samples, the proposed method will have a very high accuracy to estimate hardness of the sample, nondestructively.","PeriodicalId":54493,"journal":{"name":"Research in Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"1 1","pages":"303 - 315"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2019-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89877496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09349847.2017.1375585
K. Ono
ABSTRACT This study systematically determined the transmission and receiving sensitivities of over twenty transducers. Four types of sensitivities were evaluated for both transmission and receiving sensitivities. These are found to be different from each other and the reversibility or reciprocity conditions exist only in exceptional cases. Using their observed behavior as the basis, we critically examined the calibration methods developed to characterize them, including those based on laser interferometry and the acoustic reciprocity principle. Serious flaws in some of the reciprocity methods are uncovered, which can be rectified by using the Hill--Adams method. Four procedures emerged as workable calibration methods for contact ultrasonic and acoustic emission transducers. However, current experimental uncertainties limit the upper frequency to 2 MHz.
{"title":"Critical examination of ultrasonic transducer characteristics and calibration methods","authors":"K. Ono","doi":"10.1080/09349847.2017.1375585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09349847.2017.1375585","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study systematically determined the transmission and receiving sensitivities of over twenty transducers. Four types of sensitivities were evaluated for both transmission and receiving sensitivities. These are found to be different from each other and the reversibility or reciprocity conditions exist only in exceptional cases. Using their observed behavior as the basis, we critically examined the calibration methods developed to characterize them, including those based on laser interferometry and the acoustic reciprocity principle. Serious flaws in some of the reciprocity methods are uncovered, which can be rectified by using the Hill--Adams method. Four procedures emerged as workable calibration methods for contact ultrasonic and acoustic emission transducers. However, current experimental uncertainties limit the upper frequency to 2 MHz.","PeriodicalId":54493,"journal":{"name":"Research in Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"29 1","pages":"19 - 64"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84059986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-25DOI: 10.1080/09349847.2018.1557770
Faith R. Beck, R. Lind, J. Smith
ABSTRACT Novel fuels are part of the nationwide effort to reduce the enrichment of Uranium for energy production. Fuel performance is determined by irradiating tfuel plates. The plate checker used in this experiment at Idaho National Lab (INL) performs nondestructive testing on fuel rod and plate geometries with two different types of sensors: eddy current and digital thickness gauges. The sensors measure oxide growth and sample thickness on research fuels, respectively. Sensor measurement accuracy is crucial because even microns of error is significant when determining the viability of an experimental fuel. One parameter known to affect the eddy current and digital gauge sensors is temperature. Since both sensor accuracies depend on the ambient temperature of the system, the plate checker has been characterized for these sensitivities. Additionally, the manufacturer of the digital gauge probes has noted a rather large coefficient of thermal expansion for their linear scale. In this work, the effect of temperature on the eddy current and digital gauge probes is evaluated, and thickness measurements are provided as empirical functions of temperature. Additionally, an experimental coefficient of thermal expansion for the probe material has been reported and compared with the manufacturer’s specifications.
{"title":"Temperature Sensitivity Study of Eddy Current and Digital Gauge Probes for Oxide Measurement","authors":"Faith R. Beck, R. Lind, J. Smith","doi":"10.1080/09349847.2018.1557770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09349847.2018.1557770","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Novel fuels are part of the nationwide effort to reduce the enrichment of Uranium for energy production. Fuel performance is determined by irradiating tfuel plates. The plate checker used in this experiment at Idaho National Lab (INL) performs nondestructive testing on fuel rod and plate geometries with two different types of sensors: eddy current and digital thickness gauges. The sensors measure oxide growth and sample thickness on research fuels, respectively. Sensor measurement accuracy is crucial because even microns of error is significant when determining the viability of an experimental fuel. One parameter known to affect the eddy current and digital gauge sensors is temperature. Since both sensor accuracies depend on the ambient temperature of the system, the plate checker has been characterized for these sensitivities. Additionally, the manufacturer of the digital gauge probes has noted a rather large coefficient of thermal expansion for their linear scale. In this work, the effect of temperature on the eddy current and digital gauge probes is evaluated, and thickness measurements are provided as empirical functions of temperature. Additionally, an experimental coefficient of thermal expansion for the probe material has been reported and compared with the manufacturer’s specifications.","PeriodicalId":54493,"journal":{"name":"Research in Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"9 1","pages":"334 - 349"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87734000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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