Pub Date : 2021-09-03DOI: 10.1080/09349847.2021.1985669
W. Fan, Haotian Zhang
ABSTRACT Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates are extensively used in aviation due to their excellent material properties. Damages resulted from manufacturing or usage seriously undermine the safety of aircraft structures. Therefore, the efficient detection of the damage in CFRP laminates is important. In this paper, three kinds of common damages including impact damage, crack damage and delamination damage are detected based on pulsed eddy current (PEC) with rectangular differential sensors. Firstly, to overcome shortcomings of traditional PEC sensors, an optimized rectangular differential sensor is proposed in the study. Then, a normalization method is introduced to process the differential signal obtained with the sensor. Finally, the relationship between the size of the damage and the normalized differential signal is investigated. The investigation results show that the rectangular differential sensor can detect the three types of damages. When a new damage object is detected, the measurement step of a reference signal is omitted. The peak value of the normalized differential signal increases with the increase in damage size. The new PEC method has been proved in the study.
{"title":"Damage Detection of Cross-Plied CFRP Laminates Based on Rectangular Differential Pulse Eddy Current Sensors","authors":"W. Fan, Haotian Zhang","doi":"10.1080/09349847.2021.1985669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09349847.2021.1985669","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates are extensively used in aviation due to their excellent material properties. Damages resulted from manufacturing or usage seriously undermine the safety of aircraft structures. Therefore, the efficient detection of the damage in CFRP laminates is important. In this paper, three kinds of common damages including impact damage, crack damage and delamination damage are detected based on pulsed eddy current (PEC) with rectangular differential sensors. Firstly, to overcome shortcomings of traditional PEC sensors, an optimized rectangular differential sensor is proposed in the study. Then, a normalization method is introduced to process the differential signal obtained with the sensor. Finally, the relationship between the size of the damage and the normalized differential signal is investigated. The investigation results show that the rectangular differential sensor can detect the three types of damages. When a new damage object is detected, the measurement step of a reference signal is omitted. The peak value of the normalized differential signal increases with the increase in damage size. The new PEC method has been proved in the study.","PeriodicalId":54493,"journal":{"name":"Research in Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"13 4 1","pages":"223 - 237"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77623965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-03DOI: 10.1080/09349847.2021.1999544
C. J. Schroeder, R. Connor, B. Crowley, G. Washer
ABSTRACT Ultrasonic testing (UT) is typically conducted to locate and classify (or rate) defects in welds during bridge fabrication. Variations in acoustic properties such as attenuation and velocity can have an impact on the UT results. Defects in welds may be missed, incorrectly rated, or incorrectly located, and false calls may occur that require unnecessary repairs. The objective of the research was to assess the impact of variations in acoustic properties on the ultrasonic testing of bridge steel. This paper describes the results of acoustic property measurements of 14 different material heats representing various grades of steel plate used in bridges. The attenuation of various bridge base materials was evaluated using 2.25 MHz and 5 MHz transducers. Shear wave velocities and acoustic anisotropy ratios were also determined for some of these steels using normal incidence shear wave and electromagnetic acoustic (EMAT) transducers. The experimental results as well as CIVA-UT simulation software were used to develop recommended changes to the AWS D1.5 Bridge Welding Code in order to limit the amplitude and location measurement errors for weld flaws.
{"title":"Acoustic Properties of Steel Bridge Base Metals","authors":"C. J. Schroeder, R. Connor, B. Crowley, G. Washer","doi":"10.1080/09349847.2021.1999544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09349847.2021.1999544","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Ultrasonic testing (UT) is typically conducted to locate and classify (or rate) defects in welds during bridge fabrication. Variations in acoustic properties such as attenuation and velocity can have an impact on the UT results. Defects in welds may be missed, incorrectly rated, or incorrectly located, and false calls may occur that require unnecessary repairs. The objective of the research was to assess the impact of variations in acoustic properties on the ultrasonic testing of bridge steel. This paper describes the results of acoustic property measurements of 14 different material heats representing various grades of steel plate used in bridges. The attenuation of various bridge base materials was evaluated using 2.25 MHz and 5 MHz transducers. Shear wave velocities and acoustic anisotropy ratios were also determined for some of these steels using normal incidence shear wave and electromagnetic acoustic (EMAT) transducers. The experimental results as well as CIVA-UT simulation software were used to develop recommended changes to the AWS D1.5 Bridge Welding Code in order to limit the amplitude and location measurement errors for weld flaws.","PeriodicalId":54493,"journal":{"name":"Research in Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"85 1","pages":"238 - 262"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73095510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-24DOI: 10.1080/09349847.2021.1961041
(2021). Editor’s Letter. Research in Nondestructive Evaluation: Vol. 32, No. 5, pp. 191-191.
(2021)。编辑的信。无损评价研究，第32卷，第5期，第191-191页。
{"title":"Editor’s Letter","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/09349847.2021.1961041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09349847.2021.1961041","url":null,"abstract":"(2021). Editor’s Letter. Research in Nondestructive Evaluation: Vol. 32, No. 5, pp. 191-191.","PeriodicalId":54493,"journal":{"name":"Research in Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138542898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-19DOI: 10.1080/09349847.2021.1959692
J. Rose
ABSTRACT Fundamental elements of wave mechanics are covered with respect to Acoustic Emission (AE) analysis in Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) and Structural Health monitoring (SHM). Emphasis is placed on aspects of Ultrasonic Guided Waves that travel in a structure due to elastic wave emissions from a defect source as defects continue to grow. The AE Method is based on the emission of elastic waves from a particular source as failure is initiated – crack, corrosion, leak, and so on. The AE signal received is a function of the source orientation and location as well as wave velocities in the structure, sensor types and positions, arrival time differences, thicknesses of the structure, and specimen structural variations. Such topics as Guided wave physical and theoretical considerations, Ultrasonic Guided wave accomplishments, and enhanced AE by considering various guided wave concepts are discussed. The topic of Acousto-Ultrasonics and its impact on guided wave understanding is also reviewed. This paper illustrates how principles in Ultrasonic Guided waves can be applied to Acoustic Emission. Besides basic issues, Acoustic Emission enhancement possibilities are based on recent studies of Ultrasonic Guided Waves and the use of Shear Horizontal guided waves in Acoustic Emission along with an omni-directional shear horizontal wave transducer. Editor’s note: Joseph L. Rose, PhD, is the recipient of the 2021 ASNT Research Recognition for Sustained Excellence. Rose presented on “Guided Wave Studies for Enhanced Acoustic Emission Inspection” during the ASNT Research Symposium which was held 27–29 April 2021.
波力学的基本原理涵盖了无损评价(NDE)和结构健康监测(SHM)中的声发射(AE)分析。重点放在超声导波的各个方面，由于缺陷源的弹性波发射，当缺陷继续增长时，超声波导波在结构中传播。声发射方法是基于在破坏开始时从特定源发射的弹性波-裂纹，腐蚀，泄漏等。接收到的声发射信号与震源方向和位置、结构中的波速、传感器类型和位置、到达时间差异、结构厚度和试样结构变化有关。讨论了导波的物理和理论考虑、超声导波的成就以及通过考虑各种导波概念来增强声发射等主题。本文还综述了声超声学及其对导波理解的影响。本文阐述了超声导波原理在声发射中的应用。除了基本问题之外，声发射增强的可能性基于超声导波的最新研究和剪切水平导波在声发射中的应用以及全方位剪切水平波换能器。编者按:Joseph L. Rose博士获得了2021年ASNT持续卓越研究认可。Rose在2021年4月27日至29日举行的ASNT研究研讨会上发表了“增强声发射检测的导波研究”。
{"title":"Guided Wave Studies for Enhanced Acoustic Emission Inspection","authors":"J. Rose","doi":"10.1080/09349847.2021.1959692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09349847.2021.1959692","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Fundamental elements of wave mechanics are covered with respect to Acoustic Emission (AE) analysis in Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) and Structural Health monitoring (SHM). Emphasis is placed on aspects of Ultrasonic Guided Waves that travel in a structure due to elastic wave emissions from a defect source as defects continue to grow. The AE Method is based on the emission of elastic waves from a particular source as failure is initiated – crack, corrosion, leak, and so on. The AE signal received is a function of the source orientation and location as well as wave velocities in the structure, sensor types and positions, arrival time differences, thicknesses of the structure, and specimen structural variations. Such topics as Guided wave physical and theoretical considerations, Ultrasonic Guided wave accomplishments, and enhanced AE by considering various guided wave concepts are discussed. The topic of Acousto-Ultrasonics and its impact on guided wave understanding is also reviewed. This paper illustrates how principles in Ultrasonic Guided waves can be applied to Acoustic Emission. Besides basic issues, Acoustic Emission enhancement possibilities are based on recent studies of Ultrasonic Guided Waves and the use of Shear Horizontal guided waves in Acoustic Emission along with an omni-directional shear horizontal wave transducer. Editor’s note: Joseph L. Rose, PhD, is the recipient of the 2021 ASNT Research Recognition for Sustained Excellence. Rose presented on “Guided Wave Studies for Enhanced Acoustic Emission Inspection” during the ASNT Research Symposium which was held 27–29 April 2021.","PeriodicalId":54493,"journal":{"name":"Research in Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"13 1","pages":"192 - 209"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82982551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-07DOI: 10.1080/09349847.2021.1963022
S. Bao, Qiang Luo, Zhengye Zhao, Yibin Gu
ABSTRACT The goal of this research is to correlate the piezomagnetic field with the stress and the stress concentration degree of ferromagnetic steels. Specimens of X80 steels were machined into smooth plates with circular holes in the center and tensile tests were carried out to detect the online piezomagnetic field on the surface of defective specimens. The relationship between the distribution of the stress and the distribution of the piezomagnetic field components was systematically investigated. Compared with the normal component and its gradient, the tangential component showed a better correlation with the distribution of the stress. A piezomagnetic parameter was defined to characterize the abnormal changes of the tangential component around the defect. Quantitative algorithms were established to evaluate the stress concentration degree on the basis of piezomagnetic parameters. This research will be a supplement of stress evaluation methods based on magnetic measurement technologies.
{"title":"Evaluation of Stress and Stress Concentration Degree Based on the Online Piezomagnetic Measurement","authors":"S. Bao, Qiang Luo, Zhengye Zhao, Yibin Gu","doi":"10.1080/09349847.2021.1963022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09349847.2021.1963022","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The goal of this research is to correlate the piezomagnetic field with the stress and the stress concentration degree of ferromagnetic steels. Specimens of X80 steels were machined into smooth plates with circular holes in the center and tensile tests were carried out to detect the online piezomagnetic field on the surface of defective specimens. The relationship between the distribution of the stress and the distribution of the piezomagnetic field components was systematically investigated. Compared with the normal component and its gradient, the tangential component showed a better correlation with the distribution of the stress. A piezomagnetic parameter was defined to characterize the abnormal changes of the tangential component around the defect. Quantitative algorithms were established to evaluate the stress concentration degree on the basis of piezomagnetic parameters. This research will be a supplement of stress evaluation methods based on magnetic measurement technologies.","PeriodicalId":54493,"journal":{"name":"Research in Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"39 1","pages":"210 - 222"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78839791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-04DOI: 10.1080/09349847.2021.1930306
Quan Zhang, Jiayi Li, Yanfei Liao, Z. Zeng, Junming Lin, Yonghong Dai
ABSTRACT A metal clad plate consists of a base layer and a clad layer of different materials. When testing clad plate using the eddy current (EC) method, the variation of EC density along the thickness direction in clad plate is complicated owing to the interface between the layers. This article attempts to investigate the characteristics of the variation of EC density in the thickness direction in clad plate based on finite element analysis. The results are then used for revealing the mechanism of the relation between coil voltage and the thickness of the clad layer which is essential for the measurement of cladding thickness. Thereupon, the experiment of measuring cladding thickness is performed, in which the testing frequency is selected based on the voltage-thickness relation. It turns out that the measurement is accurate and the results have good linearity.
{"title":"Characteristics of Eddy Current Attenuation in Metal Clad Plates and Measurement of Cladding Thickness","authors":"Quan Zhang, Jiayi Li, Yanfei Liao, Z. Zeng, Junming Lin, Yonghong Dai","doi":"10.1080/09349847.2021.1930306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09349847.2021.1930306","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A metal clad plate consists of a base layer and a clad layer of different materials. When testing clad plate using the eddy current (EC) method, the variation of EC density along the thickness direction in clad plate is complicated owing to the interface between the layers. This article attempts to investigate the characteristics of the variation of EC density in the thickness direction in clad plate based on finite element analysis. The results are then used for revealing the mechanism of the relation between coil voltage and the thickness of the clad layer which is essential for the measurement of cladding thickness. Thereupon, the experiment of measuring cladding thickness is performed, in which the testing frequency is selected based on the voltage-thickness relation. It turns out that the measurement is accurate and the results have good linearity.","PeriodicalId":54493,"journal":{"name":"Research in Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"63 1","pages":"177 - 189"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84934533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-04DOI: 10.1080/09349847.2021.1946224
K. Feng, Qian Zhao, Zheng Li
ABSTRACT A novel baseline-free damage identification method based on high frequency operational deflection shapes (ODSs) is presented for debonding detection in lattice sandwich structures (LSSs). Two numerical models with different unit cells are constructed to analyze the vibration characteristics of a structure with debonded defect in the high-frequency band. The mode shapes and ODSs are computed numerically to investigate the local defect vibration effects. The results show that there will be obvious local vibration at the damaged location at a certain and appropriate frequency band. A baseline-free damage index calculated from ODSs is originally proposed for damage imaging. For experimental validation, we suggested an intermittent periodic excitation signal for vibration actuating, which may excite multiple ODSs at different frequencies using one measurement that significantly improve the detection efficiency. The experimental results also indicated that the proposed damage identification method is effective to locate the debonding damage in LSSs. The conclusions derived from this study are expected to provide an efficient vibration measurement technique and a practical damage detection method for LSSs, as well as other plate-like structures.
{"title":"Baseline-Free Damage Identification Method for Lattice Sandwich Structures Based on Operational Deflection Shapes","authors":"K. Feng, Qian Zhao, Zheng Li","doi":"10.1080/09349847.2021.1946224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09349847.2021.1946224","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A novel baseline-free damage identification method based on high frequency operational deflection shapes (ODSs) is presented for debonding detection in lattice sandwich structures (LSSs). Two numerical models with different unit cells are constructed to analyze the vibration characteristics of a structure with debonded defect in the high-frequency band. The mode shapes and ODSs are computed numerically to investigate the local defect vibration effects. The results show that there will be obvious local vibration at the damaged location at a certain and appropriate frequency band. A baseline-free damage index calculated from ODSs is originally proposed for damage imaging. For experimental validation, we suggested an intermittent periodic excitation signal for vibration actuating, which may excite multiple ODSs at different frequencies using one measurement that significantly improve the detection efficiency. The experimental results also indicated that the proposed damage identification method is effective to locate the debonding damage in LSSs. The conclusions derived from this study are expected to provide an efficient vibration measurement technique and a practical damage detection method for LSSs, as well as other plate-like structures.","PeriodicalId":54493,"journal":{"name":"Research in Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"21 1","pages":"147 - 159"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91280468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-04DOI: 10.1080/09349847.2021.1948154
D. Mante, Z. Coleman, Christopher Romano, Tony Simmonds
ABSTRACT This paper reports a laboratory implementation of a prototype sensor for the measurement of in situ concrete static modulus of elasticity. Sensor measurements for a trial concrete mixture were generated, post-processed, and calibrated to best match companion ASTM C469 modulus of elasticity testing performed on the same mixture for concrete ages up to 28 days. The sensor prototype measurements demonstrated close agreement with ASTM C469 testing with approximately 90% of calibrated sensor prototype measurements within ±5% of companion testing. The initial sensor prototype implementation reported in this study affirms the feasibility of in situ concrete modulus of elasticity measurement and justifies further sensor development and implementation efforts.
{"title":"In Situ Measurement of Concrete Static Modulus of Elasticity: Proof of Concept Implementation","authors":"D. Mante, Z. Coleman, Christopher Romano, Tony Simmonds","doi":"10.1080/09349847.2021.1948154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09349847.2021.1948154","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper reports a laboratory implementation of a prototype sensor for the measurement of in situ concrete static modulus of elasticity. Sensor measurements for a trial concrete mixture were generated, post-processed, and calibrated to best match companion ASTM C469 modulus of elasticity testing performed on the same mixture for concrete ages up to 28 days. The sensor prototype measurements demonstrated close agreement with ASTM C469 testing with approximately 90% of calibrated sensor prototype measurements within ±5% of companion testing. The initial sensor prototype implementation reported in this study affirms the feasibility of in situ concrete modulus of elasticity measurement and justifies further sensor development and implementation efforts.","PeriodicalId":54493,"journal":{"name":"Research in Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"26 1","pages":"160 - 176"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79441020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-19DOI: 10.1080/09349847.2021.1928350
Sudhir Kumar Chaudhary, P. Munshi
ABSTRACT Algebraic reconstruction algorithms are a better choice compared to transform-based algorithms whenever projection data is limited in nature. High computational cost and huge memory requirements are two major downsides of iterative reconstruction methods. Among all algebraic techniques, the Multiplicative Algebraic Reconstruction Technique (MART) is most popular because it maximizes the entropy (of the image) in the limiting case. In the present work, our ultimate goal is to reduce computational complexity and cope with the huge storage scenario of the MART algorithm. We propose a new sparse MART algorithm (Sp-MART) and test it with two-dimensional and three-dimensional (2D/3D) numerical data. A more accurate and efficient geometrical formula for calculating intersection length is also presented. Experimental projection data of human tooth and drip irrigation pipe is processed for further validation of the Sp-MART algorithm. Reconstructions of real specimens are also done using the FDK algorithm. The difference between two algorithms are investigated by calculating the structural similarity index (SSIM) and the L2 error of the results.
{"title":"Computation and Storage Efficient Sparse MART Algorithm for 2-D, 3-D Reconstruction from Fan Beam, Cone-Beam Projection Data","authors":"Sudhir Kumar Chaudhary, P. Munshi","doi":"10.1080/09349847.2021.1928350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09349847.2021.1928350","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Algebraic reconstruction algorithms are a better choice compared to transform-based algorithms whenever projection data is limited in nature. High computational cost and huge memory requirements are two major downsides of iterative reconstruction methods. Among all algebraic techniques, the Multiplicative Algebraic Reconstruction Technique (MART) is most popular because it maximizes the entropy (of the image) in the limiting case. In the present work, our ultimate goal is to reduce computational complexity and cope with the huge storage scenario of the MART algorithm. We propose a new sparse MART algorithm (Sp-MART) and test it with two-dimensional and three-dimensional (2D/3D) numerical data. A more accurate and efficient geometrical formula for calculating intersection length is also presented. Experimental projection data of human tooth and drip irrigation pipe is processed for further validation of the Sp-MART algorithm. Reconstructions of real specimens are also done using the FDK algorithm. The difference between two algorithms are investigated by calculating the structural similarity index (SSIM) and the L2 error of the results.","PeriodicalId":54493,"journal":{"name":"Research in Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"17 1","pages":"115 - 131"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90377645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-08DOI: 10.1080/09349847.2021.1930305
Francesco Noseda, Luiza Ribeiro Marnet, Carlos Carlim, Luiz Rennó Costa, N. D. M. De Moura Junior, Luiz Pereira Calôba, S. D. Soares, Thomas Gabriel Rosauro Clarke, Ricardo Callegari Jacques
ABSTRACT The problem of evaluating the risk of failure associated with the propagation of a crack in a pipe under pressure has great practical relevance, and it may be tackled with acoustic-emission techniques. Artificial neural networks may be trained to classify the acoustic emissions generated by the crack according to the phase of propagation, and such a classification permits to evaluate the risk of mantaining a system in operation. In order to train the network, a human specialist has to estimate the transition times between any two consecutive phases by inspecting the results of a previous hydrostatic test, and such determination of the transition times has a high degree of subjectivity and uncertainty, affecting the classification performance of the network. In this paper, we propose a human-independent method for the estimation of the transition times, and we show successful applications to the data from two hydrostatic tests. For a test on a 2 m-long pipe, the method exhibited 98% of correct-classification rate, an improvement of 8% over results obtained with human-determined transition times. For a 40 m-long pipe, under experimental conditions comparable to those found in industrial applications, the method exhibited 91% of correct-classification rate. The proposed method provides a fully automated framework for the evaluation of the state of a crack.
{"title":"A Neural Network System for Fault Prediction in Pipelines by Acoustic Emission Techniques","authors":"Francesco Noseda, Luiza Ribeiro Marnet, Carlos Carlim, Luiz Rennó Costa, N. D. M. De Moura Junior, Luiz Pereira Calôba, S. D. Soares, Thomas Gabriel Rosauro Clarke, Ricardo Callegari Jacques","doi":"10.1080/09349847.2021.1930305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09349847.2021.1930305","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The problem of evaluating the risk of failure associated with the propagation of a crack in a pipe under pressure has great practical relevance, and it may be tackled with acoustic-emission techniques. Artificial neural networks may be trained to classify the acoustic emissions generated by the crack according to the phase of propagation, and such a classification permits to evaluate the risk of mantaining a system in operation. In order to train the network, a human specialist has to estimate the transition times between any two consecutive phases by inspecting the results of a previous hydrostatic test, and such determination of the transition times has a high degree of subjectivity and uncertainty, affecting the classification performance of the network. In this paper, we propose a human-independent method for the estimation of the transition times, and we show successful applications to the data from two hydrostatic tests. For a test on a 2 m-long pipe, the method exhibited 98% of correct-classification rate, an improvement of 8% over results obtained with human-determined transition times. For a 40 m-long pipe, under experimental conditions comparable to those found in industrial applications, the method exhibited 91% of correct-classification rate. The proposed method provides a fully automated framework for the evaluation of the state of a crack.","PeriodicalId":54493,"journal":{"name":"Research in Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"13 1","pages":"132 - 146"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80168922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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