Pub Date : 2022-03-04DOI: 10.1080/09349847.2022.2088913
H. Jalali, R. Misra, Samuel J. Dickerson, P. Rizzo
ABSTRACT This paper presents an inspection technique based on highly nonlinear solitary waves, wireless transducers, and machine learning. The technique was demonstrated on a plate subjected to accelerated corrosion while monitored with wired and wireless transducers, designed and assembled in laboratory. The tethered device consisted of a chain of spheres surmounted by a solenoid wired to and driven by a data acquisition system to control the first particle of the chain in order to induce the impact between the particle and the chain needed to generate the stress wave. The chain contained a piezoelectric wafer disk, also wired to the same data acquisition system, to sense the waves. The wireless transducers were identical to their wired counterparts, but the data acquisition system was replaced by a wireless node that communicated with a tablet via Bluetooth. Four wired and four wireless transducers were used to monitor the plate for nearly a week to detect the onset and progression of electrochemical corrosion. A few features were extracted from the time waveforms and then fed to a machine learning algorithm to classify damage. The results showed the effectiveness of the proposed approach at labeling defects close to the transducers.
{"title":"Detection and Classification of Corrosion-related Damage Using Solitary Waves","authors":"H. Jalali, R. Misra, Samuel J. Dickerson, P. Rizzo","doi":"10.1080/09349847.2022.2088913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09349847.2022.2088913","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper presents an inspection technique based on highly nonlinear solitary waves, wireless transducers, and machine learning. The technique was demonstrated on a plate subjected to accelerated corrosion while monitored with wired and wireless transducers, designed and assembled in laboratory. The tethered device consisted of a chain of spheres surmounted by a solenoid wired to and driven by a data acquisition system to control the first particle of the chain in order to induce the impact between the particle and the chain needed to generate the stress wave. The chain contained a piezoelectric wafer disk, also wired to the same data acquisition system, to sense the waves. The wireless transducers were identical to their wired counterparts, but the data acquisition system was replaced by a wireless node that communicated with a tablet via Bluetooth. Four wired and four wireless transducers were used to monitor the plate for nearly a week to detect the onset and progression of electrochemical corrosion. A few features were extracted from the time waveforms and then fed to a machine learning algorithm to classify damage. The results showed the effectiveness of the proposed approach at labeling defects close to the transducers.","PeriodicalId":54493,"journal":{"name":"Research in Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"32 1","pages":"78 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86981476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09349847.2022.2053016
M. Kreutzbruck
the nonlinear acoustic for plotting the stress-strain curves and extracting the UTS values. calculations for two (CFRP) in-plane orientations and the experimental proof-of-concept test based on the nonlinearity measured for the out-of-plane orientation
{"title":"Guest Associate Technical Editor Letter","authors":"M. Kreutzbruck","doi":"10.1080/09349847.2022.2053016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09349847.2022.2053016","url":null,"abstract":"the nonlinear acoustic for plotting the stress-strain curves and extracting the UTS values. calculations for two (CFRP) in-plane orientations and the experimental proof-of-concept test based on the nonlinearity measured for the out-of-plane orientation","PeriodicalId":54493,"journal":{"name":"Research in Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"35 1","pages":"1 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77873835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09349847.2022.2049408
K. Truyaert, V. Aleshin, K. Van Den Abeele
ABSTRACT Upon exciting a material using elastic waves, the locally induced deformation at the interfaces of internally closed defects may cause nonlinear wave mechanics and dynamics in the form of clapping and friction. As a result, both phenomena instigate spectral broadening of the excitation spectrum as well as the production of heat, directly originating from the defect. To better understand and account for the physics behind the dissipation of energy by internally closed defects as a result of the wave–interface interaction, dedicated models can be developed. In this work, we propose a 3D finite element multiphysics model that is capable of simultaneously describing the generation of nonlinearities and heating at a defect’s interface experiencing clapping and friction induced by elastic wave propagation. The model consists of three different modules. The first module describes the elastic wave propagation in a virgin/bulk material, whereas the second module captures the contact physics at the defect level. The third module is implemented to calculate the diffusion of thermal energy in the specimen. The contact physics module accounts for anharmonic and hysteretic effects, describing the nonlinear behavior of the defect’s interfaces, which is echoed in both the ultrasound spectrum and in the vibration-induced heating. A qualitative analysis of the computational model, integrating the three modules, is performed to validate the approach. Examples show that nonlinear spectral components are indeed observed as a result of the friction and the clapping experienced by the faces of the defect. At the same time, a localized temperature increase due to the induced friction is noted, and its response at the outer surface of the sample is examined. The qualitative validation approves that the model is ready to be tested further quantitively, and to compare its predictions to experiments.
{"title":"Qualitative analysis of a 3D multiphysics model for nonlinear ultrasonics and vibration induced heating at closed defects","authors":"K. Truyaert, V. Aleshin, K. Van Den Abeele","doi":"10.1080/09349847.2022.2049408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09349847.2022.2049408","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Upon exciting a material using elastic waves, the locally induced deformation at the interfaces of internally closed defects may cause nonlinear wave mechanics and dynamics in the form of clapping and friction. As a result, both phenomena instigate spectral broadening of the excitation spectrum as well as the production of heat, directly originating from the defect. To better understand and account for the physics behind the dissipation of energy by internally closed defects as a result of the wave–interface interaction, dedicated models can be developed. In this work, we propose a 3D finite element multiphysics model that is capable of simultaneously describing the generation of nonlinearities and heating at a defect’s interface experiencing clapping and friction induced by elastic wave propagation. The model consists of three different modules. The first module describes the elastic wave propagation in a virgin/bulk material, whereas the second module captures the contact physics at the defect level. The third module is implemented to calculate the diffusion of thermal energy in the specimen. The contact physics module accounts for anharmonic and hysteretic effects, describing the nonlinear behavior of the defect’s interfaces, which is echoed in both the ultrasound spectrum and in the vibration-induced heating. A qualitative analysis of the computational model, integrating the three modules, is performed to validate the approach. Examples show that nonlinear spectral components are indeed observed as a result of the friction and the clapping experienced by the faces of the defect. At the same time, a localized temperature increase due to the induced friction is noted, and its response at the outer surface of the sample is examined. The qualitative validation approves that the model is ready to be tested further quantitively, and to compare its predictions to experiments.","PeriodicalId":54493,"journal":{"name":"Research in Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"121 1","pages":"17 - 32"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74983429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09349847.2022.2050861
Maosen Chen, Yanfei Liao, Z. Zeng, Junming Lin, Yonghong Dai
ABSTRACT In eddy current (EC) nondestructive testing, coil is usually wound on core or covered by shield to improve the sensitivity of defect detection and ability of anti-interference of the probe. However, when core or shield is used, the magnetic field will be redistributed, resulting in a change in the speed of EC attenuation in the depth direction. The purpose of this paper is to reveal the influence of core and shield on skin depth of EC. The results of the finite element analysis show that applying core or shield on coil results in smaller skin depth and the skin depth decreases as the core or shield approaches the test sample. In addition, when both core and shield are used, the reduction of skin depth is minimal if both core and shield are ferromagnetic. The simulation results are verified by experiment.
{"title":"Influence of Core and Shield of Coil on Skin Depth in Eddy Current Testing","authors":"Maosen Chen, Yanfei Liao, Z. Zeng, Junming Lin, Yonghong Dai","doi":"10.1080/09349847.2022.2050861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09349847.2022.2050861","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In eddy current (EC) nondestructive testing, coil is usually wound on core or covered by shield to improve the sensitivity of defect detection and ability of anti-interference of the probe. However, when core or shield is used, the magnetic field will be redistributed, resulting in a change in the speed of EC attenuation in the depth direction. The purpose of this paper is to reveal the influence of core and shield on skin depth of EC. The results of the finite element analysis show that applying core or shield on coil results in smaller skin depth and the skin depth decreases as the core or shield approaches the test sample. In addition, when both core and shield are used, the reduction of skin depth is minimal if both core and shield are ferromagnetic. The simulation results are verified by experiment.","PeriodicalId":54493,"journal":{"name":"Research in Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"71 1","pages":"45 - 58"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89492363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-28DOI: 10.1080/09349847.2021.2017531
Julian Ehrler, A. Solodov, M. Kreutzbruck
ABSTRACT Nonlinear acoustic approach is assessed as a nondestructive tool for reconstructing stress-strain curves and quantifying the ultimate tensile strength for various orientations of composite materials. It is shown that a direct use of nonlinear acoustic data requires some adjustments to be applied in the quasi-static tensile conditions. The approach is validated by the calculations using the data for the two in-plane orientations of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) of totally different strengths. The higher strength arrangement manifests much lower nonlinearity, while the low strength orientation indicates the higher nonlinearity. The quantitative proof-of-concept test is based on the direct measurement of the acoustic nonlinearity for the out-of-plane orientation CFRP. Far higher nonlinearity measured correlates well with the lowest strength for this orientation being a reason of characteristic materials damage in the form of delaminations.
{"title":"Materials strength and acoustic nonlinearity: case study of CFRP","authors":"Julian Ehrler, A. Solodov, M. Kreutzbruck","doi":"10.1080/09349847.2021.2017531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09349847.2021.2017531","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Nonlinear acoustic approach is assessed as a nondestructive tool for reconstructing stress-strain curves and quantifying the ultimate tensile strength for various orientations of composite materials. It is shown that a direct use of nonlinear acoustic data requires some adjustments to be applied in the quasi-static tensile conditions. The approach is validated by the calculations using the data for the two in-plane orientations of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) of totally different strengths. The higher strength arrangement manifests much lower nonlinearity, while the low strength orientation indicates the higher nonlinearity. The quantitative proof-of-concept test is based on the direct measurement of the acoustic nonlinearity for the out-of-plane orientation CFRP. Far higher nonlinearity measured correlates well with the lowest strength for this orientation being a reason of characteristic materials damage in the form of delaminations.","PeriodicalId":54493,"journal":{"name":"Research in Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"27 1","pages":"33 - 44"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86841526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-27DOI: 10.1080/09349847.2021.2017530
Jiang Jin, P. Shokouhi
ABSTRACT Nonlinear resonant ultrasonic spectroscopy (NRUS) is a resonance-based acoustic testing technique that yields the hysteretic elastic nonlinearity parameter by measuring the resonance frequency shift with increasing driving amplitude. NRUS offers great potential for nondestructive evaluation since it is relatively simple to implement and can detect incipient damage thanks to the high sensitivity of hysteretic nonlinearity parameter to micro-damage. Previous research has shown that NRUS can monitor distributed damage in a wide variety of materials, but the application of NRUS for detection of local defects in metals is less explored. In this study, the feasibility of using NRUS to assess local progressive damage in aluminum is investigated. We use three-point bending fatigue test to initiate a single fatigue crack in a large aluminum specimen. The cyclic loading is interrupted at several stages in order to image the crack using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and to perform NRUS and other tests. As the crack grows in length, NRUS records a gradual increase in the resonance frequency shift. However, the trend for the amplitude dependency of resonance frequency shift is different from what has been previously reported in materials with distributed damage; the resonance frequency changes are larger at low strain than at high strains. In addition, the utility of multi-modal NRUS for locating the fatigue crack is demonstrated. Finally, we compare the results of NRUS and those from an impact-based NRUS (INRUS) that uses an automated impact hammer as the excitation source in differentiating the fatigue-damaged from the intact specimen. Our findings suggest the potential of NRUS and INRUS in detecting local damage in metals.
{"title":"Nonlinear Resonant Ultrasonic Spectroscopy (NRUS) for Monitoring Fatigue Crack Growth in Aluminum","authors":"Jiang Jin, P. Shokouhi","doi":"10.1080/09349847.2021.2017530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09349847.2021.2017530","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Nonlinear resonant ultrasonic spectroscopy (NRUS) is a resonance-based acoustic testing technique that yields the hysteretic elastic nonlinearity parameter by measuring the resonance frequency shift with increasing driving amplitude. NRUS offers great potential for nondestructive evaluation since it is relatively simple to implement and can detect incipient damage thanks to the high sensitivity of hysteretic nonlinearity parameter to micro-damage. Previous research has shown that NRUS can monitor distributed damage in a wide variety of materials, but the application of NRUS for detection of local defects in metals is less explored. In this study, the feasibility of using NRUS to assess local progressive damage in aluminum is investigated. We use three-point bending fatigue test to initiate a single fatigue crack in a large aluminum specimen. The cyclic loading is interrupted at several stages in order to image the crack using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and to perform NRUS and other tests. As the crack grows in length, NRUS records a gradual increase in the resonance frequency shift. However, the trend for the amplitude dependency of resonance frequency shift is different from what has been previously reported in materials with distributed damage; the resonance frequency changes are larger at low strain than at high strains. In addition, the utility of multi-modal NRUS for locating the fatigue crack is demonstrated. Finally, we compare the results of NRUS and those from an impact-based NRUS (INRUS) that uses an automated impact hammer as the excitation source in differentiating the fatigue-damaged from the intact specimen. Our findings suggest the potential of NRUS and INRUS in detecting local damage in metals.","PeriodicalId":54493,"journal":{"name":"Research in Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"36 1","pages":"4 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90862125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-23DOI: 10.1080/09349847.2021.2017093
Bharath Basti Shenoy, Zi Li, L. Udpa, S. Udpa, Y. Deng, V. Rathod, T. Seuaciuc-Osório
The increasing use of stainless steel in industrial structures can be attributed to its excellent mechanical properties at elevated temperatures. Martensitic grade stainless-steel is used, for example, to manufacture steam turbine blades in power plants. The failure of these turbine blades can result in equipment damage contributing to expensive plant failures and safety concerns. Degradation and structural failure of these blades is largely attributed to material fatigue, at the microstructure level. Hence, it is important to evaluate the level of fatigue prior to the initiation of macro defects to ensure the viability of these components. Conventional nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques such as ultrasonic testing and eddy current testing are suitable in detection of macro defects such as cracks, but not very effective in evaluating degradation of the material at a microstructure scale. This article investigates the feasibility of the nonlinear eddy current (NLEC) technique to detect fatigue in martensitic grade stainless-steel samples along with a methodology to classify the samples. K-medoids clustering algorithm and genetic algorithm are used to classify the samples according to the severity of fatigue. Initial results indicate that stainless-steel samples, in different stages of fatigue, can be classified into broad categories of low, mid, and high levels of fatigue.
{"title":"Nonlinear Eddy Current Technique for Fatigue Detection and Classification in Martensitic Stainless-Steel Samples","authors":"Bharath Basti Shenoy, Zi Li, L. Udpa, S. Udpa, Y. Deng, V. Rathod, T. Seuaciuc-Osório","doi":"10.1080/09349847.2021.2017093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09349847.2021.2017093","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing use of stainless steel in industrial structures can be attributed to its excellent mechanical properties at elevated temperatures. Martensitic grade stainless-steel is used, for example, to manufacture steam turbine blades in power plants. The failure of these turbine blades can result in equipment damage contributing to expensive plant failures and safety concerns. Degradation and structural failure of these blades is largely attributed to material fatigue, at the microstructure level. Hence, it is important to evaluate the level of fatigue prior to the initiation of macro defects to ensure the viability of these components. Conventional nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques such as ultrasonic testing and eddy current testing are suitable in detection of macro defects such as cracks, but not very effective in evaluating degradation of the material at a microstructure scale. This article investigates the feasibility of the nonlinear eddy current (NLEC) technique to detect fatigue in martensitic grade stainless-steel samples along with a methodology to classify the samples. K-medoids clustering algorithm and genetic algorithm are used to classify the samples according to the severity of fatigue. Initial results indicate that stainless-steel samples, in different stages of fatigue, can be classified into broad categories of low, mid, and high levels of fatigue.","PeriodicalId":54493,"journal":{"name":"Research in Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78239862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-27DOI: 10.1080/09349847.2021.1991063
Yang Bao, Zhiwei Liu, Jiming Song
In this article, the hybridization of adaptive cross approximation (ACA) algorithm and interpolation-based separation of the kernel function is proposed to accelerate solving the matrix equations resulted in the boundary element method (BEM) for 3D arbitraryshaped eddy current nondestructive evaluation problems. The hybrid method combines the advantages of both the ACA algorithm and the interpolation-based methods, and resolves the shortcoming of pure ACA method, when modeling the planar eddy current nondestructive evaluation problems, that it cannot compress the null entries the BEM generated when the testing and basis patches are co-planar. In the proposed method, the submatrices associated with the null entries are compressed by the interpolation-based method, while the others are compressed by the ACA algorithm. Several benchmarks are shown to demonstrate both the robustness and efficiency of the proposed fast and general solver.
{"title":"Hybrid Method of ACA and Interpolation-based Algorithms for Analysis of Eddy Current Nondestructive Evaluations","authors":"Yang Bao, Zhiwei Liu, Jiming Song","doi":"10.1080/09349847.2021.1991063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09349847.2021.1991063","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, the hybridization of adaptive cross approximation (ACA) algorithm and interpolation-based separation of the kernel function is proposed to accelerate solving the matrix equations resulted in the boundary element method (BEM) for 3D arbitraryshaped eddy current nondestructive evaluation problems. The hybrid method combines the advantages of both the ACA algorithm and the interpolation-based methods, and resolves the shortcoming of pure ACA method, when modeling the planar eddy current nondestructive evaluation problems, that it cannot compress the null entries the BEM generated when the testing and basis patches are co-planar. In the proposed method, the submatrices associated with the null entries are compressed by the interpolation-based method, while the others are compressed by the ACA algorithm. Several benchmarks are shown to demonstrate both the robustness and efficiency of the proposed fast and general solver.","PeriodicalId":54493,"journal":{"name":"Research in Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75560034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-17DOI: 10.1080/09349847.2021.2002487
E. S. Gorkunov, A. Povolotskaya, S. M. Zadvorkin, E. Putilova, A. N. Mushnikov
In order to develop methods for diagnosing the stress-strain state of steel products in view of their history in the form of cyclic loading we study the effect of previous zero-to-tension cyclic loading on the magnetic behavior of the 08G2B steel under subsequent static elastic tension along the same direction. Magnetic measurements were made both in a closed magnetic circuit and by means of attached magnetic devices along and across the tension axis. The history in the form of previous cyclic tension affects the behavior of the magnetic parameters of the material under subsequent elastic static tension. Particularly, the growing number of preloading cycles is accompanied by an increase in the magnitude of applied static stresses at which there are extrema of the magnetic characteristics measured longitudinally. This shift of the extrema of the magnetic parameters is explained by residual compressive stresses increasing with the number of previous tension cycles. At applied tensile stresses ranging between 0 and 100 MPa, the magnetic characteristics measured longitudinally on specimens cyclically loaded with various numbers of cycles vary uniquely. The difference in the values of the coercive force measured longitudinally and crosswise decreases monotonically at applied stresses ranging between 0 and 200 MPa. KEYWORDS
{"title":"The Effect of Cyclic Preloading on the Magnetic Behavior of the Hot-rolled 08G2B Steel under Elastic Uniaxial Tension","authors":"E. S. Gorkunov, A. Povolotskaya, S. M. Zadvorkin, E. Putilova, A. N. Mushnikov","doi":"10.1080/09349847.2021.2002487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09349847.2021.2002487","url":null,"abstract":"In order to develop methods for diagnosing the stress-strain state of steel products in view of their history in the form of cyclic loading we study the effect of previous zero-to-tension cyclic loading on the magnetic behavior of the 08G2B steel under subsequent static elastic tension along the same direction. Magnetic measurements were made both in a closed magnetic circuit and by means of attached magnetic devices along and across the tension axis. The history in the form of previous cyclic tension affects the behavior of the magnetic parameters of the material under subsequent elastic static tension. Particularly, the growing number of preloading cycles is accompanied by an increase in the magnitude of applied static stresses at which there are extrema of the magnetic characteristics measured longitudinally. This shift of the extrema of the magnetic parameters is explained by residual compressive stresses increasing with the number of previous tension cycles. At applied tensile stresses ranging between 0 and 100 MPa, the magnetic characteristics measured longitudinally on specimens cyclically loaded with various numbers of cycles vary uniquely. The difference in the values of the coercive force measured longitudinally and crosswise decreases monotonically at applied stresses ranging between 0 and 200 MPa. KEYWORDS","PeriodicalId":54493,"journal":{"name":"Research in Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"137 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86450641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-02DOI: 10.1080/09349847.2021.2019357
Hengtao Li, Xiucheng Liu, Jiaying Zhang, Chang-song Wang, Bin Wu, C. He
ABSTRACT In the study, the three-dimensional (3D) morphology of defects in thin steel strips with a thickness of 0.8 mm was determined with the imaging method of magnetic field distortion (MFD). First, MFD imaging of through-wall defects and wall-thinning defects in the samples collected from inline products was performed in our laboratory. The actual profiles of the defects were measured with a digital microscope. Second, MFD imaging results were compared with the actual shapes of the defects in order to develop a proper 3D reconstruction method of complex defects. Finally, the analysis results demonstrated that the high reconstruction accuracy of opening contours of complex defects could be realized with the carefully selected threshold value of MFD-induced voltage amplitude. The good linear dependency of MFD-induced voltage amplitude on the depth of complex wall-thinning defects was confirmed. Therefore, MFD imaging method is a promising method for accurately reconstructing 3D shape of complex wall-thinning defects in thin steel strips.
{"title":"Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Complex Defects in Thin Steel Strips with the Imaging Method of Magnetic Field Distortion","authors":"Hengtao Li, Xiucheng Liu, Jiaying Zhang, Chang-song Wang, Bin Wu, C. He","doi":"10.1080/09349847.2021.2019357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09349847.2021.2019357","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the study, the three-dimensional (3D) morphology of defects in thin steel strips with a thickness of 0.8 mm was determined with the imaging method of magnetic field distortion (MFD). First, MFD imaging of through-wall defects and wall-thinning defects in the samples collected from inline products was performed in our laboratory. The actual profiles of the defects were measured with a digital microscope. Second, MFD imaging results were compared with the actual shapes of the defects in order to develop a proper 3D reconstruction method of complex defects. Finally, the analysis results demonstrated that the high reconstruction accuracy of opening contours of complex defects could be realized with the carefully selected threshold value of MFD-induced voltage amplitude. The good linear dependency of MFD-induced voltage amplitude on the depth of complex wall-thinning defects was confirmed. Therefore, MFD imaging method is a promising method for accurately reconstructing 3D shape of complex wall-thinning defects in thin steel strips.","PeriodicalId":54493,"journal":{"name":"Research in Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"31 1","pages":"310 - 322"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74693635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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