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Advances in the UK Toward NDE 4.0 英国迈向NDE 4.0的进展
IF 1.4 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING Pub Date : 2020-10-23 DOI: 10.1080/09349847.2020.1834657
N. Brierley, R. A. Smith, N. Turner, R. Culver, T. Maw, A. Holloway, O. Jones, P. Wilcox
ABSTRACT In the UK, the NDE community is making a coordinated effort to underpin and enable the full benefits of the large-scale trend toward comprehensive digitalization and automation of industrial processes and assets, frequently referred to as “Industry 4.0”. Certain facets of what is now considered to be NDE 4.0 have been the subject of research for some time and have already gained industrial traction, while others are quite new, with unexplored potential and pitfalls. However, in these areas there is scope for learning from progress in fields outside of, but related to, NDE such as dimensional metrology. This paper reviews progress to date based on UK activities, considers some planned and potential research tasks in this domain, and highlights the major challenges the NDE community must tackle. In particular, as interoperability and data reuse are key features of Industry 4.0 practices, international and cross-domain efforts on data format standardization are needed. It is clear that, without the NDE community stepping up to the challenge, much of Industry 4.0 cannot be realized; yet if the NDE 4.0 vision is implemented comprehensively, NDE has the potential to become more capable, more valuable, and therefore more highly valued.
在英国,NDE社区正在做出协调一致的努力,以支持和实现工业过程和资产全面数字化和自动化的大规模趋势的全部好处,通常被称为“工业4.0”。现在被认为是NDE 4.0的某些方面已经研究了一段时间,并且已经获得了工业的牵引力,而其他方面则相当新,具有未开发的潜力和陷阱。然而,在这些领域中,可以从无损检验以外但与之相关的领域(如尺寸计量)的进展中学习。本文回顾了迄今为止基于英国活动的进展,考虑了该领域的一些计划和潜在的研究任务,并强调了NDE社区必须解决的主要挑战。特别是,由于互操作性和数据重用是工业4.0实践的关键特征,因此需要在数据格式标准化方面进行国际和跨领域的努力。很明显,如果没有NDE社区积极应对挑战,工业4.0的大部分目标都无法实现;然而,如果全面实现NDE 4.0的愿景,NDE有可能变得更有能力,更有价值,因此更有价值。
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引用次数: 2
Nondestructive Evaluation 4.0: Ultrasonic Intelligent Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation for Composites 无损评价4.0:复合材料的超声智能无损检测与评价
IF 1.4 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING Pub Date : 2020-10-03 DOI: 10.1080/09349847.2020.1826613
Songping Liu, Feifei Liu, Yuseng Yang, Legang Li, Zhiying Li
ABSTRACT With the continuous promotion of Industry 4.0, the mass production of composites will be entering Industry 4.0 in the near future. With respect to quality control, nondestructive testing and evaluation (NDT&E) will become nondestructive testing and evaluation (NDE) 4.0 to seamlessly connect with Industry 4.0. Therefore, it is essential to develop innovative NDT&E methods and techniques for NDE 4.0. Although there are many facets of NDE 4.0, intelligent nondestructive testing and evaluation (iNDT&E) can be considered as a technical core of NDE 4.0. Therefore, we propose the development of iNDT&E techniques for composites. In this study, the development processes for NDE 1.0–4.0 are analyzed. The basic connotations of iNDT&E are discussed, and the basic framework and technical elements of iNDT&E are examined. As combined with ultrasonic iNDT&E for composites, the basic progress in iNDT&E techniques is reviewed from the perspectives of ultrasonic equipment, technology and methods, processes, and result evaluations and standards. Future development directions are presented for the iNDT&E techniques in NDE 4.0 for composites.
随着工业4.0的不断推进,复合材料的批量生产将在不久的将来进入工业4.0。在质量控制方面,无损检测与评估(NDT&E)将成为无损检测与评估(NDE) 4.0,与工业4.0无缝连接。因此,为NDE 4.0开发创新的无损检测与检测方法和技术至关重要。虽然NDE 4.0有很多方面,但智能无损检测与评估(iNDT&E)可以被认为是NDE 4.0的技术核心。因此,我们建议发展复合材料的无损检测与电子技术。本研究分析了NDE 1.0-4.0的开发过程。讨论了自主测试与评估的基本内涵,考察了自主测试与评估的基本框架和技术要素。结合复合材料超声无损检测技术,从超声设备、超声技术与方法、超声工艺、结果评价与标准等方面综述了无损检测技术的基本进展。展望了复合材料无损检测技术4.0的未来发展方向。
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引用次数: 11
Introduction to RNDE NDE 4.0 第四章
IF 1.4 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING Pub Date : 2020-09-14 DOI: 10.1080/09349847.2020.1817641
R. Maev
Dear Reader, This Special Issue of the Research in Nondestructive Evaluation is devoted to the recently introduced term NDE 4.0, which is a natural part of actively ongoing activities during the la...
亲爱的读者,本期《无损评估研究》特刊致力于介绍最近引入的术语“无损检测4.0”,这是一个自然的组成部分,积极进行的活动期间…
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引用次数: 0
Investigation of Magnetic Memory Signal of Propagation of Buried Crack under Applied Load 外加载荷作用下埋地裂纹扩展磁记忆信号研究
IF 1.4 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING Pub Date : 2020-09-11 DOI: 10.1080/09349847.2020.1817640
Kunshan Xu, Ke Yang, Jie Liu, Xiaoping Chen, Yue Wang
ABSTRACT The timely detection of crack defects considerably helps prevent accidents caused by metal component failure. Further, magnetic memory detection technology has the advantage of detecting damage earlier than traditional nondestructive testing technology; however, the relationship between magnetic memory fields and welding cracks needs to be studied. Specimens with buried welding cracks were fabricated to study the magnetic memory field parameters of the propagation process of welding cracks. Variations in the magnetic memory signals of the crack at different loading stages were characterized. The magnetic memory detection method can effectively detect the buried welding crack defects. The magnetic field intensity gradient (dH/dx) demonstrated a regular change with the increase in the applied tensile load (P), which can be considered in two stages: In the first stage (P < 120 kN), dH/dx gradually decreased with P, and in the second stage (P > 120 kN), it rapidly increased before fracture.
及时发现裂纹缺陷有助于防止金属构件失效造成的事故。磁记忆检测技术具有比传统无损检测技术更早发现损伤的优点;然而,磁记忆场与焊接裂纹之间的关系还有待进一步研究。通过制备埋地焊接裂纹试样,研究焊接裂纹扩展过程中的磁记忆场参数。分析了不同加载阶段裂纹磁记忆信号的变化规律。磁记忆检测法可以有效地检测埋焊裂纹缺陷。磁场强度梯度(dH/dx)随外加拉伸载荷(P)的增大呈规律性变化,可分为两个阶段:在第一阶段(P < 120 kN), dH/dx随载荷P的增大而逐渐减小,在第二阶段(P < 120 kN),在断裂前迅速增大。
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引用次数: 4
Study on the Change Law of Transverse Ultrasonic Velocity in a High Temperature Material 高温材料中横向超声速度变化规律的研究
IF 1.4 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING Pub Date : 2020-08-20 DOI: 10.1080/09349847.2020.1807077
Yang Zheng, Zheng-wang Li, Jinjie Zhou, Zong-yang Zhang
ABSTRACT The propagation velocity of a transverse ultrasonic wave is influenced by the temperature of the testing materials. In other words, it directly affects the accuracy of thickness measurement and flaw detection as well as the validity of the focal law during the high-temperature ultrasonic inspection. For the above reasons, an electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) was adopted in this study to measure the transverse ultrasonic velocities of several metallic specimens when heated to the temperatures of the order of 700°C. EMAT was particularly favored for use in this study owing to its non-contact and couplant-free characteristics. The reliability of the collected data and experimental stability were verified via the establishment of a high-temperature experimental system as well as analysis of the measurement error and uncertainty. By comparing ferromagnetic and non-ferromagnetic materials using this system, it can be found that the transverse ultrasonic velocity of ferromagnetic materials decreases in a nonlinear “step-like” manner with the temperature. Therefore, results obtained from this study indicates that the velocity–temperature relationship of different materials does not follow the same law. Besides, the curves tested in this study can serve as a ready references to facilitate nondestructive inspections of materials at high temperatures.
横向超声波的传播速度受测试材料温度的影响。也就是说,在高温超声检测中,它直接影响到测厚和探伤的精度以及焦点规律的有效性。基于以上原因,本研究采用电磁声换能器(EMAT)测量几种金属试样在加热至700℃数量级时的横向超声速度。EMAT由于其非接触和无偶联剂的特性,在本研究中特别受欢迎。通过建立高温实验系统以及对测量误差和不确定度的分析,验证了所采集数据的可靠性和实验的稳定性。利用该系统对铁磁性材料和非铁磁性材料进行比较,发现铁磁性材料的横向超声速度随温度呈非线性“阶梯”状下降。因此,本研究的结果表明,不同材料的速度-温度关系并不遵循相同的规律。此外,本研究所测曲线可作为材料高温无损检测的现成参考。
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引用次数: 3
Nonlinear Ultrasonic Second Harmonic Assessment of Concrete Defects Based on Embedded Piezoelectric Sensors 基于嵌入式压电传感器的混凝土缺陷非线性超声二次谐波检测
IF 1.4 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING Pub Date : 2020-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/09349847.2020.1797255
Jun Chen, Chenglong Yang, Qingdong Wang, N. Xu, Taotao Zhang
ABSTRACT In this work, the second harmonic generation (SHG) technique based on embedded piezoelectric (PZT) sensors is developed for the defect assessment of concrete samples. Three different imperfection forms of concrete including internal capillary void during the curing process, cracking damage due to compression, and bending loads are examined and analyzed. Clear second harmonics are observed by Fourier transform of time domain signal, and the square of fundamental signal amplitude shows a linear relation with the second harmonic amplitude as theoretically expected. The nonlinear parameter presents a good distinction for samples in different states of three cases, indicating the well-round feasibility of SHG technique based on embedded sensors. In addition, the nonlinear parameter presents an excellent correlation with the variation of internal capillary void and cracks in concrete. The high sensitivity of the developed SHG technique is further validated through a comparison between the nonlinear parameter and two traditional linear parameters, namely the phase velocity of Rayleigh wave and the resonance frequency of vibrations. Experimental results in this study demonstrate that the embedded sensors are promising for the nonlinear ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation of concrete structures, particularly as a low-cost alternative of commercial ultrasonic transducers.
摘要:本文研究了基于嵌入式压电传感器的二次谐波产生(SHG)技术,用于混凝土样品的缺陷评估。对混凝土养护过程中的内部毛细空洞、受压开裂损伤和弯曲荷载三种不同的缺陷形式进行了研究和分析。对时域信号进行傅里叶变换,得到清晰的二次谐波,基频信号振幅的平方与二次谐波幅值呈理论预期的线性关系。非线性参数对三种情况下不同状态下的样本有很好的区分,表明基于嵌入式传感器的SHG技术是完全可行的。此外,非线性参数与混凝土内部毛细空隙和裂缝的变化具有良好的相关性。通过将非线性参数与瑞利波相速度和振动共振频率这两个传统的线性参数进行比较,进一步验证了所开发的SHG技术的高灵敏度。本研究的实验结果表明,嵌入式传感器在混凝土结构的非线性超声无损评价中具有广阔的应用前景,特别是作为一种低成本的商用超声换能器的替代品。
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引用次数: 8
Nondestructive Testing by Frequency-Domain Continuous-Wave Ultrasound Reflectometry 频域连续波超声反射法无损检测
IF 1.4 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING Pub Date : 2020-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/09349847.2020.1795329
K. Stoev, T. Sawadogo
ABSTRACT Currently, the primary method employed by ultrasound inspection systems is based on applying pulsed sound/ultrasound energy to the inspected part, and detecting reflected/transmitted pulses. Typically, pulse-based methods are essentially time-domain back-reflection methods, and time-of-flight is the main measured parameter. Recently, continuous-wave frequency-domain back-reflection meters were developed in the radar and in the fiber optics fields, which demonstrate significantly better spatial resolution, higher SNR, and ability to detect reflecting objects at very short distances. The same approach was used in this paper to develop a prototype continuous-wave ultrasound inspection system. The parameters of the prototype system are described, and the advantages and limitations of the continuous-wave ultrasound inspection method are discussed. Examples of the use of the system are presented.
目前,超声检测系统采用的主要方法是将脉冲声/超声能量施加到被检测部件上,并检测反射/透射脉冲。通常,基于脉冲的方法本质上是时域反向反射方法,飞行时间是主要的测量参数。近年来,连续波频域背反射仪在雷达和光纤领域得到了发展,具有较好的空间分辨率和较高的信噪比,能够在很短的距离内检测到反射物体。本文采用相同的方法开发了一种原型连续波超声检测系统。描述了原型系统的参数,讨论了连续波超声检测方法的优点和局限性。给出了系统的应用实例。
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引用次数: 0
Sizing Small Crack-like Flaws through Non-ideal Part Surface Using Ultrasonic Measurement Model 利用超声测量模型对非理想零件表面小裂纹状缺陷进行定径
IF 1.4 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING Pub Date : 2020-05-03 DOI: 10.1080/09349847.2019.1672842
Xiongbing Li, Nan Sun, Yongfeng Song, Shuzeng Zhang
ABSTRACT To accurately size small crack-like flaws in components with non-ideal surface conditions, such as curvature, roughness, and coating, we developed a flaw sizing method based on an ultrasonic measurement model. First, the effects of surface curvature on the sound beam profile, as well as the effects of surface coating and roughness on the wave energy are investigated theoretically and experimentally. Then, correction methods for curvature, roughness, and coating are introduced into the ultrasonic measurement model, and the flaw response in components with different surface conditions is predicted. Lastly, by accounting for the effects of surface conditions, a set of model-based flaw sizing curves is generated for predicting the equivalent size of crack-like flaws. These model-based curves can guide the setting of system parameters and improve the flaw sizing accuracy. Experiments are then conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. This work demonstrates the utility of the ultrasonic method for measuring the equivalent flaw size in practical applications.
摘要:为了在曲率、粗糙度和涂层等非理想表面条件下精确测量小裂纹状缺陷的尺寸,研究了一种基于超声测量模型的缺陷尺寸测量方法。首先,从理论上和实验上研究了表面曲率对声束廓形的影响,以及表面涂层和粗糙度对波能的影响。然后,在超声测量模型中引入曲率、粗糙度和涂层的校正方法,预测了不同表面条件下构件的缺陷响应。最后,考虑表面条件的影响,生成了一组基于模型的缺陷尺寸曲线,用于预测类裂纹缺陷的等效尺寸。这些基于模型的曲线可以指导系统参数的设置,提高缺陷尺寸的精度。实验验证了所提方法的有效性。这项工作证明了超声波法在实际应用中测量等效缺陷尺寸的实用性。
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引用次数: 0
Development of Multi-Coils Circular Eddy Current Sensor for Characterization of Fibers Orientation and Defect Detection in Multidirectional CFRP Material 多线圈环形涡流传感器在多向CFRP材料中纤维取向表征及缺陷检测的研制
IF 1.4 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING Pub Date : 2020-05-03 DOI: 10.1080/09349847.2019.1645254
N. Benhadda, D. Hachi, B. Helifa, I. Lefkaier, B. Abdelhadi
ABSTRACT This article presents a study of a Multi-coils circular eddy current non-destructive testing sensor for determining the fibers orientation as well as the detection of defect in multidirectional carbon fibers reinforced polymer (CFRP). The developed sensor contains 16 rectangular coils connected in series and supplied by a single-phase sinusoidal source. This sensor allows the annulations of the mechanical rotation of the conventional sensors and it permits to reduce the inspection procedure duration. The electromagnetic phenomena are calculated by using 3D finite element method (FEM) based on the electromagnetic AV-A formulation. Finally, the Multi-coils circular sensor responses are analyzed through polar diagrams of the impedance variation, where the defect is taken into consideration. A great concordance between the obtained results and those of literatures has been noticed. The provided results show that the proposed sensor allows an efficient characterization of multidirectional CFRP and detection of defects in different layers.
本文研究了一种多线圈圆形涡流无损检测传感器,用于多向碳纤维增强聚合物(CFRP)中纤维取向的确定和缺陷的检测。所开发的传感器包含16个矩形线圈串联,由单相正弦源供电。该传感器允许传统传感器的机械旋转的环形,它允许减少检查过程的持续时间。基于电磁AV-A公式,采用三维有限元法对电磁现象进行了计算。最后,通过考虑缺陷的阻抗变化极坐标图分析了多线圈圆形传感器的响应。所得结果与文献的结果有很大的一致性。所提供的结果表明,所提出的传感器可以有效地表征多向CFRP并检测不同层的缺陷。
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引用次数: 4
Total Variation (TV) l1 Norm Minimization Based Limited Data X-ray CT Image Reconstruction 基于总变异(TV) l1范数最小化的有限数据x射线CT图像重建
IF 1.4 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING Pub Date : 2020-05-03 DOI: 10.1080/09349847.2019.1673857
S. Sarkar, P. Wahi, P. Munshi
ABSTRACT Limited data CT Image reconstruction is a real-life problem. A Total Variation (TV) l1 norm minimization technique has been examined and validated here to reconstruct CT images from limited data incorporating a limited number of views along with limited angular span, a situation typical in engineering applications. The Lagrangian technique has been used to solve TV equations. The reconstructed CT image has been compared with the images reconstructed by SIRT, Higher Order TV (HOTV) technique, l2 norm minimization based technique and some other techniques with the help of various image quality index (IQI) parameters. The comparison shows that the proposed scheme is an attractive solution for limited data CT Image reconstruction from industrial and engineering perspective. The application of Sobolev space error analysis has also been given to ensure good global reconstruction.
数据有限的CT图像重建是现实生活中的难题。本文研究并验证了总变差(TV) l1范数最小化技术,该技术可以从有限的数据中重建CT图像,包括有限数量的视图和有限的角跨度,这是工程应用中的典型情况。拉格朗日技术已被用于求解电视方程。利用不同的图像质量指数(IQI)参数,将重建的CT图像与SIRT、高阶电视(HOTV)技术、l2范数最小化技术等重建的CT图像进行比较。结果表明,从工业和工程的角度来看,该方案是一种有吸引力的有限数据CT图像重建方案。为了保证较好的全局重构,给出了Sobolev空间误差分析的应用。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Research in Nondestructive Evaluation
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