Psychology Health & Medicine最新文献

Enhancing and maintaining the intrinsic capacity of the elderly is crucial for preventing and mitigating disability and promoting healthy aging. This study explore the current status of intrinsic capacity among elderly individuals in rural areas and analyze the influencing factors. This study included 592 participants who were ≥60 years in rural areas of China. Investigations were conducted using a general information questionnaire, the UCLA Loneliness Scale, the Perceived Stress Scale, the abbreviated version of the Lubben Social Network Scale, the Family Caregiving Index Scale, the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Scale, the ICOPE intrinsic capacity screening tool, and a grip strength dynamometer. We used correlations, regressions, and random forest model for the analyses. The random forest algorithm results indicate that the minimum error occurred when the lambda (λ) value was set at 0.8978, corresponding to nine influencing factors. The results of multiple stepwise regression analysis indicate that health-promoting lifestyle, family functioning, sense of loneliness, perceived stress, grip strength, social network, number of chronic diseases, educational level, and economic income are the main factors affecting intrinsic capacity (p < 0.05) among rural elderly individuals. Health service personnel can identify high-risk groups early and implement effective interventions based on the factors influencing the intrinsic capacity of rural elderly individuals.

Prenatal care for women living with obesity constitutes a significant healthcare challenge, often compromised by inconsistent and adverse experiences. This research aimed to explore how pregnant and postpartum women with obesity in Brazil perceive the healthcare they receive. Through a qualitative field study employing netnographic methods and the 'Collective Subject Discourse' technique, we examined testimonies from 149 participants. Our findings reveal contrasting experiences: while 52.7% reported positive interactions, valuing respect and empathy, a substantial 47.3% encountered substandard care characterized by weight-based stigma and insufficient information. The research highlights inconsistencies in prenatal healthcare services and emphasizes the critical need to integrate anti-stigma approaches and humanized care practices.

Individuals with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) frequently report pronounced cognitive difficulties, yet the empirical literature has not fully characterised how discrete components of working memory are affected. Given that working memory serves as a foundational system supporting complex cognitive processes, differentiating performance across verbal and visual modalities provides critical insight into which higher-order functions may be most vulnerable. This systematic review/meta-analysis aimed to synthesise current research to investigate how ME/CFS impacts working memory systems. Using PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search of 6 databases was undertaken (MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science Core Collection, PubMed, EMBASE and PsycINFO). Initially, 10 574 papers were imported and following screening 34 studies of good to strong quality met the inclusion criteria. A series of random effects models were utilised to analyse working memory. Results indicated a significant difference and large effect size between ME/CFS individuals and controls on verbal working memory tasks; however, no significant difference in visual working memory performance was found between the groups. Following the breakdown of these subsystems into span/attentional control tasks and object/spatial tasks, these results remained consistent. These findings contribute to the body of ME/CFS research by articulating where specific working memory deficits lie. Specifically, they show that individuals with ME/CFS have impaired verbal memory performance. This knowledge can guide future research targeting higher-order verbal cognition and underscores the importance of recognising cognitive manifestations within ME/CFS clinical care.

Depressive symptoms are prevalent and impactful among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, traditional screening methods often yield high false positive and false negative rates in this population. This study aimed to develop a machine learning-based model to improve the early identification of depressive symptoms risk among CKD patients.Data were extracted from NHANES 2011-March 2020 (pre-pandemic) as the model development cohort and split into a training cohort and an internal validation cohort. A temporally independent NHANES cycle (August 2021-August 2023) was used as an external validation cohort. Predictors were selected using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression. Eight machine learning algorithms were trained. Given outcome imbalance, discrimination was primarily compared using recall, precision, and F1 score, with AUCs reported as secondary measures. Calibration was assessed using calibration curves and the Brier score, and clinical utility was evaluated using decision curve analysis. SHAP was used to interpret feature contributions in the selected model.In the internal validation cohort, the RF model achieved recall 0.826, precision 0.569, and F1 score 0.673, with an AUC of 0.941. In the external validation cohort, the RF model achieved recall 0.826, precision 0.136, and F1 score 0.234, with an AUC of 0.711. SHAP identified poverty-income ratio, smoking status, weight, and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio as the top predictors, followed by marital status, education level, gender, BMI, albumin, and hypertension.This study provides a clinically actionable tool to stratify the risk of clinically significant depressive symptoms in patients with CKD, which may support targeted screening, timely mental health assessment or referral, and more efficient allocation of clinical resources. SHAP-based explanations help interpret individual risk estimates to inform patient-centered management.

The growing presence of artificial intelligence (AI) in everyday life and business has led to increased anxiety among health sector employees. This study investigated the relationship between anxiety and attitudes toward AI among health sciences students at a university in northern Türkiye. We conducted a cross-sectional study involving final-year students, utilizing a socio-demographic questionnaire, the General Attitude Towards Artificial Intelligence Scale (GAAIS), and the Artificial Intelligence Anxiety Scale (AIAS). Data was analyzed using SPSS 29.0, with 415 students participating. Notably, 97.3% heard AI before, and 75.1% have knowledge about it. Male students exhibited a more positive attitude toward AI. Differences in AI anxiety and attitudes were observed across departments, with Orthotics and Prosthetics students showing the highest positive attitude score (45.79 ± 8.21), while nursing students reported the highest levels of AI anxiety. Variations in learning and job anxiety, which are sub-dimensions of AI anxiety, were found among faculty members. Nursing students experienced the most learning anxiety, while health management students faced the greatest job replacement anxiety. Our findings suggest that familiarity with AI is correlated with positive attitudes and lower anxiety levels. Increased positive attitudes were linked to reduced anxiety. Overall, this study indicates that knowledge of AI influences students' attitudes and anxiety levels, with learning- and job-related anxiety being particularly prominent. It is believed that incorporating AI into education and demonstrating its benefits in professional settings can help alleviate these negative feelings.

The current study aims to identify the association between appearance anxiety, post-traumatic growth, perceived social support and social ostracism and the role of post-traumatic growth as a mediator and perceived social support as a moderator among maxillofacial trauma patients. A total number of 172 maxillofacial trauma patients (M = 76, F = 96) participated in this study. The data were compiled using the Appearance Anxiety Inventory, Ostracism Experience Scale, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support and the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory. A cross-sectional design was used. Pearson correlations and PROCESS macro were employed to examine mediation and moderation effects, and independent samples t-tests assessed gender differences. The results revealed a negative association between appearance anxiety, post-traumatic growth and perceived social support. Additionally, there was a significant positive relationship between post-traumatic growth and perceived social support. Results showed that maxillofacial trauma patient's post-traumatic growth and perceived social support were negatively correlated with social ostracism. The study's findings suggest that post-traumatic growth mediates, and perceived social support moderates the relationship between appearance anxiety and social ostracism among maxillofacial trauma patients. This study will facilitate implications required for multifaceted approach and interventions to trauma recovery for the betterment of overall wellbeing of maxillofacial trauma patients.

Acne vulgaris is one of the most common skin diseases worldwide, with a prevalence ranging from 20-95%. Given the effect of acne on one's psychological well-being, investigating this relationship is important. This review aims to synthesize the main findings on the relationship between acne, self-esteem, and mental health. The SciELO, PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched. We used the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews and the PRISMA protocol and Rayyan tool for the selection and inclusion of studies. The terms used in the electronic search were 'acne' and 'self-esteem'. After reading the abstracts and applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 studies were selected for quantitative synthesis. The findings of this study indicate that patients with acne experience more mental health disorders, with their subjective perceptions linked to depression, anxiety, and incapacity. Females tend to have lower self-esteem, and their assessments vary depending on the evaluation method used. These results clarify the relationship between acne, self-esteem, and mental health. Furthermore, they provide evidence of factors that increase vulnerability to psychological impacts associated with acne. In conclusion, the literature emphasizes the importance of ongoing research on acne, its impact on self-esteem, and its relationship with other psychological dimensions. While acne is not lethal, it can be disabling, lead to suffering, and negatively affect daily functioning. Effective treatment of this condition requires an integrated approach that combines medical and psychological care.

Background: There is a growing interest in the effects of Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (CDS) on children. Despite concerns about the effects of CDS on cognitive abilities, especially in children, research is quite limited. It is important to understand the mechanisms of CDS on problem-solving skills.

Aim: This study aims to investigate the relationship of CDS with problem solving skills in children and also to examine the potential mediating role of digital addiction.

Method: The study was cross-sectional research involving 433 middle school children aged 11 and 14.

Results: Our results showed that there were positive relationships between CDS and digital addiction, negative relationships between CDS and problem solving skills, and negative relationships between digital addiction and problem solving skills. Moreover, our findings suggest that CDS is associated with problem-solving skills both directly and indirectly through digital addiction.

Conclusion: Intervention programs developed for children with or at risk of CDS should incorporate practices to enhance problem-solving skills and behavioral interventions to balance their use of digital tools.

The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) brings together Asia-Pacific nations to enhance economic ties. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) faces changes due to Technological Innovation (TI), presenting economic opportunities and challenges for member states. This study explored the impacts of technology on TCM production and exportation within the RCEP framework. A purposive sampling technique is used in this study to choose the samples for data collection. Utilizing a mixed method approach, valid responses were gathered from 450 participants. The collected data were subjected to analysis using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The study revealed that TI in TCM production indeed has significant positive implications for RCEP member states. The study found that the adoption of advanced technology in TCM production promotes innovation and sustainability within the industry, driving long-term growth for RCEP member states. The study highlights the potential for RCEP member states to leverage their collective expertise and resources to establish themselves as leaders in the global TCM industry, creating new avenues for economic development and cooperation. The study's contribution lies in highlighting how technology in TCM production can boost economic resilience and competitiveness within the RCEP framework, emphasizing its role in fostering collaboration and knowledge-sharing among member states.

The current study aimed to test the effects of depressive symptoms and self-efficacy in the relationship between activities of daily living (ADLs) and medication adherence using a serial mediation model. This cohort study was conducted among 797 elderly with chronic diseases in Hunan Province of China. Their ADLs, medication adherence, self-efficacy, and depressive symptoms were assessed by the Barthel Index (BI), the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8), the Self-Efficacy for Appropriate Medication Use Scale (SEAMS), and the 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), respectively. The PROCESS SPSS Macro version 4.1, model 6, was used to test the serial mediation model of ADLs affecting medication adherence through self-efficacy and depressive symptoms. From baseline to follow-up, the elderly had a significant increase in depressive symptoms (from 15.3 ± 11.3 to 19.1 ± 13.1) and significant decreases in ADLs (from 71.4 ± 19.8 to 64.9 ± 17.61), self-efficacy (from 21.5 ± 5.4 to 20.4 ± 6.2), and medication adherence (from 6.7 ± 1.8 to 6.0 ± 1.5), all with p < 0.001. The serial mediation model demonstrated a robust association between ADLs and medication adherence, which was serially mediated by depressive symptoms and self-efficacy (total effect c = 0.499, 95% CI = 0.393 to 0.605; direct effect c' = 0.379, 95% CI = 0.281 to 0.477; total indirect effect ab = 0.120, 95% CI = 0.073 to 0.168). This study elucidates the association between ADL and medication adherence, clarifying the mediating roles of depressive symptoms and self-efficacy. Our findings suggest that future medication adherence intervention programs among the elderly with chronic illness may be effective by focusing on decreasing depressive symptoms and improving self-efficacy.