Psychology Health & Medicine最新文献

Syndemic theory proposes that co-occurring, mutually reinforcing psychosocial challenges (mental health, substance use, minority stress [discrimination/stigma], abuse, unmet basic needs) drive HIV risk behavior and create barriers to care for marginalized populations. It is thus necessary to address this holistic, complex picture in HIV prevention. Emergency department (ED) visits are a prime opportunity to engage key risk groups, given their low engagement in regular clinic-based care and high utilization of drop-in care via EDs. Yet, EDs are overburdened and under-resourced; mHealth may be a vehicle for intervention delivery in this context. This study aimed to 1) characterize demographics, syndemic profiles, and HIV risk behavior among ED patients and 2) assess the acceptability of addressing syndemic issues, particularly via an mHealth approach, in the ED. A sample of N = 198 ED patients with an indication of HIV risk completed a cross-sectional psychosocial assessment. Descriptive statistics and bivariate correlations between syndemic issues were examined. Patients presenting to the ED reported marginalized identities and complex syndemic profiles including mental health issues (77%), at risk substance use (30%), childhood abuse (35%), adult abuse (31%), minority stress (63%), and unmet basic needs (37%). Over half the sample reported at least three syndemic issues (54%). All syndemic issues were significantly correlated with each other, supporting a synergistic nature. The sample reported indicators of HIV risk including lack of PrEP awareness (33%)/uptake (94%), condomless sex (37%), and not testing for HIV (41%). Majority reported syndemic profiles have never been addressed in the ED (71%), think it would be helpful (88%), and willing to utilize mHealth during an ED visit (76%). The current study provides information to guide next steps for ED-based point-of-care HIV prevention, and more broadly, working towards equitable HIV prevention services reaching those missed by existing interventions.

Subjective Social Status (SSS) reflects one's perceived rank within a given social structure and has been shown to be a unique correlate of physical and mental health. However, no research has been conducted to address populations of (recovering) critically ill patients. To shed light on the relationship between SSS and health in critically ill patients, we focus on survivors of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). A cohort study with N = 877 ARDS survivors was conducted in 61 intensive care units (ICUs) in Germany between 2014 and 2019. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL, Physical and Mental Component Scale: PCS, MCS of the SF-12) and SSS (MacArthur Scale) were assessed at 12, 24, and 36 months after discharge from ICU. Objective social status (Socioeconomic status [SES]) was assessed once at ICU baseline. Bivariate correlations between SSS and HRQoL (PCS and MCS) remain significant throughout the study period (r = .29 - .50, all p-values < .05). Subsequent hierarchical regression shows that SSS remains predictive for PCS and MCS even after controlling for SES (β = .335 - .486, all p values < .001). The results indicate the importance (and unique contribution) of the subjective localization within the status hierarchy for long-term HRQoL after critical illness.

Central pain sensitivity (CS) is defined as an increased responsiveness of nociceptive neurons in the central nervous system to normal or subthreshold inputs. The main aim of this paper is to investigate if and how specific psychological constructs are related with CS burden in patients with chronic headache (CH). Specifically, research question 1 explores the association of temperament, personality, childhood adversities, defense mechanisms and mental pain with CS burden. Research question 2 aims to test the role of the best predictors of CS burden in affecting the quality of life (QoL) using path analysis. A total of 508 women with CH completed a psycho-diagnostic survey. Results showed that higher levels of low sensory threshold (β = 0.200), bodily threat traumatic experiences (β = 0.156), neurotic defenses (β = 0.109) and mental pain (β = 0.343) emerged as the best predictors of higher CS burden. The model presented demonstrated a satisfactory fit (GFI = 0.984; NFI = 0.966; CFI = 0.979; RMSEA = 0.056 [95% CI 0.028-0.085]) with large and medium effect sizes on physical (-0.654) and psychological QoL (-0.246). The study showed a key role of psychological dimensions in CS burden levels and their relationships with QoL in CH patients. From a clinical perspective, these results suggest the importance of evaluating the level of CS burden during the clinical assessment for chronic pain conditions such as CH, since it may contribute to guide patients to tailored psychological and medical treatments, thereby saving time and costs on diagnostic procedures for chronic pain.

This two-phase study aims to develop the Turkish version of the German Eating Behavior Scale (SEV-Tr), and to investigate the potential associations of health-conscious and weight-controlling eating behaviors with nutritional and health status. In the first phase, the original scale was adapted to the Turkish language and its validity and reliability were assessed in 299 healthy individuals aged 19-64 years. In the second phase, the SEV-Tr was retested in a study population of 110 healthy individuals, aged 19-64 years, and the potential associations between the SEV-Tr score, anthropometrical and biochemical measurements, and other eating behaviors assessed by the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-Tr21) were examined. Statistical analyses were performed using AMOS 20.00 and SPSS 22.0 software packages. A two-dimensional structure was identified for the SEV-Tr, and named 'health-conscious eating behavior' and 'weight- controlling eating behavior'. In the second phase, participants were clustered based on their weight-controlling and health-conscious eating behaviors (F = 59.46, p = 0.01). Participants with lower health-conscious and weight-controlling eating behaviors had higher lean body mass (p = 0.03), serum triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), emotional eating behavior (p = 0.03), and lower cognitive restraint behavior (p = 0.01, p < 0.05). Furthermore, participants with high levels of health-conscious eating behavior had higher serum HDL cholesterol (r = 0.23, p = 0.02). Regression models suggested that lower levels of emotional eating and higher levels of cognitive restraint were associated with increased weight-controlling and health-conscious eating behaviors. This study provided a valid and reliable version of the SEV to assess the health-conscious and weight-controlling eating patterns in people from Turkish culture.

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among teenagers with depression is a major and pervasive issue. Previous studies have established peer victimization as a risk factor for non-suicidal self-injury. However, little is known about how it influences teenagers to harm themselves non-suicidally. A total of 740 depressive outpatients aged 12-18 years with non-suicidal self-injury were selected. General demographic information was collected using the self-designed scale, and relevant information was collected using the Functional Assessment of Self-Mutilation, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the Multidimensional Peer Victimization Scale, and the Borderline Personality Features Scale for Children. After controlling for age and sex, it was discovered that depressive symptoms partially mediated the association between peer victimization and non-suicidal self-injury (p < 0.001). The mediating influence of depressive symptoms was modulated by borderline personality features. Half of the mediating effect is the moderating influence (p = 0.002). The moderated mediation model constructed in this study reveals the internal mechanism between adolescent peer victimization and non-suicidal self-injury, which is of great significance for the prevention and intervention of adolescent non-suicidal self-injury.

Studies demonstrate that mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience depression and are less likely to seek professional psychological help. This study examined the roles of coping strategies in predicting psychological help-seeking attitudes among mothers of children with ASD. A total of 250 Turkish mothers of children with autism were recruited using purposive sampling during their training at the autism center in Istanbul. The results showed that depression was positively associated with problem-focused coping and negatively associated with psychological help-seeking attitudes. Psychological help-seeking attitudes and problem-focused coping were positively correlated with avoidant coping. Mediation analysis demonstrated that problem-solving plays a mediating role in the relationship between depression and psychological help-seeking attitudes. When addressing the psychological help-seeking attitudes of mothers of children with autism, future prevention and intervention programs may have to take into account mothers' depressive symptoms, and how they view and cope with depression and challenges related to parenting their child with autism.

Despite extensive research on the impact of stigma on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of people with sickle cell disease, gaps remain in understanding the mechanisms through which this association occurs. We investigated how stigma impacts HRQoL among people with sickle cell disease (SCD) through distress and the moderating role of social support in this association. Utilizing a cross-sectional design, we sampled 165 people with SCD in Nigeria, who completed relevant measures. Results showed that distress mediated the stigma-HRQoL link, and social support moderated this mediation. Intervention may do well to incorporate psychological therapies and strengthen social support networks to improve the HRQoL of people living with sickle cell disease.

The aim of the study is to determine whether the fear of missing out (FoMO) has a mediating role in the effect of general belongingness (acceptance, exclusion) and happiness on smartphone addiction. The study consists of 656 university students from Turkey and agreeing to participate in the study. Of the students participating in the study, 77.7% were female. The participants were between the ages of 17 and 34, with a mean age of 21.32 ± 2.08 years. In this cross-sectional research design, the relationship between smartphone addiction, fear of missing out, general belonging and happiness variables was examined. Descriptive statistical methods were used to analyze the data and partial least squares path analysis (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze the research model. FoMO has a mediating effect on the effect of acceptance, exclusion, happiness on smartphone addiction. These findings highlight the significant role of FoMO in mediating the relationship between fundamental social needs (belongingness, happiness) and smartphone addiction. This suggests that interventions aimed at reducing smartphone addiction should consider addressing not only the technological dependence but also the underlying social and emotional needs that drive it. Promoting healthy social connections and fostering a sense of belonging among young adults may be crucial in mitigating the risk of smartphone addiction.

This study assessed the relationships among cognitive risk, phone use behaviors, and sleep quality. We used a questionnaire, which included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), mobile phone use behaviours, and questionnaires on mobile phone use cognitive risk to gather information from 1204 college students. T-test, chi-square test, and Wilcoxon signed rank test were applied to test differences in measurement data. Generalized linear regression analysis was used to analyze the factors influencing sleep quality. The percentage of people with poor sleep quality significantly increased during COVID-19, with a significant increase in sleep latency and diurnal dysfunction and a significant decrease in sleep persistence, sleep disturbance, and sleep efficiency. The PSQI scores significantly decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic (0.27 and 0.34 for overall and females in the 'Often take a break' subgroup), only females in the 'Often increase the distance between the screen and the eyes' subgroup had a significant decrease in the PSQI score (0.37). Bedtime use and bedtime light use in females significantly increased during the epidemic. Regression analysis revealed that rest or increased screen distance significantly improved sleep quality compared to rarely rest or rarely increased screen distance and had a more significant effect on sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to before. The time spent using a phone with lights off before bedtime was significantly associated with poor sleep quality. Often resting, increasing the distance between the screen and the eyes, reducing phone use time, and reducing the time of lights off when using mobile phones are all protective factors for sleep quality. Females were more often affected by poor sleep quality.

Family resilience is critical for families recovering and growing from a cancer crisis; however, there remains a lack of universal family resilience assessment tools for families of patients with cancer. This study aimed to modify the Family Resilience Assessment Scale (FRA) and examine its psychometric properties. First, the FRA scale was modified into the Family Resilience Assessment Scale for Family Cancer (FRAS-FC) based on cultural adaptations and cancer population applicability. During the modification phase, items were deleted, added, and reclassified through expert consultation and group discussion. The language of the scale items was further optimized after the pilot study, resulting in a test version of the FRAS-FC. Subsequently, a total of 455 patients with cancer or their family caregivers from China participated in scale validation. The factor analysis showed a 6-factor structure with reasonable fit (χ²/df = 2.064, RMR = 0.043, SRMR = 0.056, IFI = 0.903, CFI = 0.902, RMSEA = 0.066). Satisfactory indicators of convergent and concurrent criterion validity further supported the validity of the scale. The internal consistency was good (Cronbach's alpha = 0.939). The Pearson correlation coefficient for the test-retest sample was 0.719 (p < 0.01), reflecting the stability of the scale measures across time. The findings support the 29-item FRAS-FC as a valid and reliable tool for measuring family resilience in patients with cancer or their family caregivers. The FRAS-FC enables healthcare professionals to identify family resilience and act accordingly to fulfill the role of the family better. The modified scale can be used in a wider range of families living with cancer or be validated separately for different types of cancers. Further validation in a wider cancer population is still needed.