Psychology Health & Medicine最新文献

The fear of childbirth (FOC) is a widespread issue that affects the wellbeing of pregnant women. This study aimed to investigate the impact of FOC on the preferred and actual delivery mode of Chinese primiparous and multiparous women, by controlling for potential confounding factors using Lazarus's Theory of Stress, Emotion, and Coping. We conducted this perspective-longitudinal study included 1,288 pregnant women in late pregnancy in China. Data was collected through face-to-face questionnaires, cross-checking with electronic medical records, and the use of standardized measurement tools. The actual delivery mode was followed, and statistical analysis included univariate and multivariate regression analyses. Results showed that FOC had a positive association with preference for a cesarean section. However, neither FOC nor the preference for cesarean section resulted in higher cesarean section rates. Women who received childbirth education at hospitals had higher rates of vaginal delivery. This study highlights that FOC increases the likelihood of preferring a cesarean section, but it does not significantly impact the actual delivery mode. Further research is needed to explore the reasons behind the discrepancy between preferred and actual delivery modes and its implications.

Cognitive models of social anxiety disorder have conveyed the implication that self-focused attention (SFA) and post-event rumination (PER) are significant predictors in maintaining the symptoms of social anxiety (SA); however, their relationships have been scarcely studied in adolescents, including Chinese samples. The primary purpose of the current study was to examine the role of PER as a potential mediator between SFA and SA among Chinese adolescents; moreover, the moderation effect of gender was investigated. A total of 2,755 Chinese adolescents ranging in age from 11 to 19 years old with an average age of 14.18 were recruited from six urban public schools. Participants were asked to complete questionnaires measuring SFA, PER, SA, and depression. Structural equation modeling results showed that PER displayed as a plausible mediator in the relationship between SFA and SA, even after controlling for depression. In addition, gender was revealed to be a significant moderator, with a stronger relationship between PER and SA for girls than for boys. The current study provided evidence for Clark and Wells' proposition about the associations among SFA, PER, and SA, contributing to the field of adolescents' mental health and supporting the cultural applicability of the model.

While the association between life events and depression has been well-established, the mechanisms linking life events to depression in pregnant women require further exploration. This study aimed to explore the association between maternal life events and depression, with anxiety and social support as potential influencing factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2020 to December 2021 among 1767 pregnant women recruited via convenience sampling from a tertiary hospital in Yinchuan, China. Participants completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Life Events Scale for Pregnant Women (LESPW), Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS). Data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 and PROCESS 3.5. The key findings revealed that: maternal life events were positively associated with depression, with a total effect of 0.323 (95%CI = 0.283-0.363, p < 0.001) and a direct effect of 0.117 (95%CI = 0.084-0.151, p < 0.001). Anxiety partially mediated this association, accounting for 63.8% of the total effect (indirect effect = 0.206, 95%CI = 0.175-0.239, p < 0.001). Social support and its three dimensions negatively influenced the association between maternal life events and anxiety(moderating effects: overall social support β=-0.840, subjective support β=-0.786, objective support β=-0.360, support utilization β=-0.441, all p < 0.01). These findings suggest that maternal life events influence prenatal depression both directly and indirectly, while social support mitigates anxiety triggered by stressors. Targeted interventions to reduce life event exposure and strengthen social support may alleviate anxiety and depression in pregnant women.

This study aims to investigate the relationship between social media addiction, insomnia, and depression in adolescents. This correlational-cross-sectional-descriptive study involved 780 adolescents (mean age: 15.11 ± 1.20; 50.5% female) from high schools in a city center in Eastern Turkey. Data were gathered using a personal information form and validated scales, including the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, Bergen Insomnia Scale, and 6-item Kutcher Depression Scale. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 25.0, AMOS V 24.0, and G*Power 3.1 statistical package programs. It was determined that the mean score of adolescents' social media addiction was 15.81 ± 5.50, the mean score of insomnia was 16.98 ± 10.84 and the mean score of depression was 7.30 ± 4.47. A significant positive relationship was observed between social media addiction and both insomnia and depression. Additionally, insomnia and depression were significantly correlated. Social media usage time was positively associated with higher levels of social media addiction, insomnia, and depression. Depression was found to mediate the relationship between social media addiction and insomnia. Pediatric and school health nurses are encouraged to assess adolescents' social media usage habits, including time spent online, and develop monitoring and intervention programs. These programs can provide immediate support to address social media-related psychological and behavioral issues effectively.

The proportion of Indonesian junior and senior high school students considering suicide was around 5.2% in 2015. This research analysed the association between social supports and suicidal ideation based on gender differences among adolescents in Indonesia.

Methods: This cross-sectional study analysed secondary data from the Global School-based Health Survey (GSHS). The 9,333 respondents were aged 11 to 18 years. The dependent variable was suicidal ideation in the past 12 months before the survey. The independent variables were peer support, parent support, and parent attention. The multivariable analysis applied the enter method to examine the adjusted effect causing the dependent variable.

Result: Boys had a higher risk than girls of considering suicide on all of the associated independent variables, including boys aged <15 years (AOR 6.134, 95% CI 4.342-8.665), boys in junior high school (AOR 3.160, 95% CI 2.205-4.528), boys with no peer support (AOR 4.230, 95% CI 2.996-5.972), boys with no parental support (AOR 2.481, 95% CI 1.686-3.650) and boys with no parental attention (AOR 3.268, 95% CI 2.292-4.658).

Conclusion: Boys with no peer support had a 4.230 times higher risk of suicidal ideation.

This meta-analysis evaluated the association between the Val66Met polymorphism of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the susceptibility to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the Chinese mainland population. Eligible documents were selected from online databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang and CBM (updated to 15 October 2023). The evaluation of study quality was conducted according to guidelines of Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Basic features of patients, OR and 95% CI were retrieved to assess the correlation between ADHD susceptibility and Val66Met polymorphism in four genetic models: allele genetic model (mutation (A) vs. wild-type (G)), additive genetic model (AA vs. GG and AG vs. GG), recessive genetic model (AA vs. AG+GG) and dominant genetic model (AA+AG vs. GG). This study included totally four studies for subsequent meta-analysis. The results indicated that the correlation between ADHD susceptibility and Val66Met polymorphism in A vs. G (OR = 0.8840, 95%CI: [0.6696-1.1672], p = 0.3846), AA vs. GG (OR = 0.8436, 95%CI: [0.5432-1.3102], p = 0.4490), AA+AG vs. GG (OR = 0.8602, 95%CI: [0.6497-1.1391], p = 0.2933), AG vs. GG (OR = 0.9132, 95%CI: [0.7810-1.0679], p = 0.2556) and AA vs. GG+AG (OR = 1.0315, 95%CI: [0.8789-1.2105], p = 0.7044) was not significant. Egger's test and sensitivity analysis demonstrating the reliability and stability our conclusions, respectively. BDNF Val66Met polymorphism did not contribute to the susceptibility of ADHD in Chinese mainland population.

The incidence of emotional disorders among Chinese adolescents has risen, particularly during the three years of the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in an alarming increase in suicide rates and becoming an undeniable public health issue. A qualitative descriptive design was used, researchers conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews with 16 adolescent suicide attempters. This study explores the psychological experiences and perceptions of life and death of Chinese adolescent patients with suicide attempts to provide a foundation and recommendations for developing targeted suicide prevention strategies for adolescents.Three themes can be identified in the psychological experiences of Chinese adolescents who attempted suicide. The first theme is loss of sense of meaning in life. This theme consists of 3 sub-themes, including a sense of insignificance and worthlessness, a sense of despair and helplessness, and a sense of no attachment and no support. The second theme is the one-sided perception of death. This theme consists of 3 sub-themes, including death can be pain-free, death as a means of relieving oneself and others of burdens, and death as a 'reboot' of life. The third theme is complex experiences following attempted suicide. This theme consists of 4 sub-themes, including feeling regret and guilt, thoughts of attempting suicide again, feeling shame due to stigma, and desire for an emotional link with others.When the accumulated psychological pain of a suicidal adolescent, combined with a lack of perception and experience of life's meaning and a scientific understanding of death, leads to suicidal ideation, it becomes a serious public health issue. We recommend that society pay more attention to educating young people about the value of life and death. A multidimensional intervention approach that involves family, school, and society should be developed to explore a suicide intervention concept that prioritizes the growth of young people's lives as the primary value orientation.

Mounting evidence highlights the link between screen exposure and behavior problems. However, The structure of the network of problem behaviors in preschoolers exposed to screens has not yet been explored. This study aimed to construct a psychological network structure of behavior problems in preschoolers, and investigating the 'nodes' within the structure impacted by screen exposure by utilizing network analysis. We conducted a survey of 779 parents with children aged 4-7 using a general questionnaire, a screen exposure time questionnaire, and a difficulties and strengths questionnaire to examine the network structure of problem behaviors in children exposed to screens compared to those who are non-screen-exposed children. The core symptoms of problem behaviors in children of the screen exposure group were S25, S13 and S5; The core symptoms of children in the non-screen exposure group were mainly S15 and S13; The global intensity invariance test indicates that there is a statistically significant difference in the sum of all edge weights. Screen exposure is a negative influencing factor for children's problem behaviors. With different degrees of exposure, the core symptoms and overall connectivity of the problem behavior symptom network are also different. In the future, precise and effective interventions can be carried out targeting the core targets of the symptom network of children's problem behaviors to promote the physical and mental health development of children.

Resilience has been associated with better outcomes. This study aimed to identify sociodemographic and psychological variables associated with a low level of resilience in parents in the context of the COVID-19 lockdown. A cross-sectional study including 698 French parents of school-aged children aged 8-18 years was conducted. Resilience was measured via the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS). The sociodemographic factors investigated included personal, family and community factors. Social support and the quality of interpersonal relationships were also collected. A logistic regression analysis was performed to explore significant associations between the participant characteristics and a low level of resilience. The mean BRS score was 3.5 (SD = 0.8), with 22.2% of parents classified as having a low level of resilience. The sociodemographic factors associated with having a low level of resilience included being female, living in an urban area, sharing a living space with fewer than four people, including oneself, and having individuals in the home or the family circle with confirmed COVID-19 who were not hospitalized. Older age was inversely associated with low resilience levels. In terms of psychological factors, parents with higher perceived social support and those with higher-quality interpersonal relationships with family members, colleagues at work and people in general were less likely to have a low level of resilience. Parents' resilience seems to be associated with sociodemographic and psychological factors. Identifying the factors related to a low level of resilience in parents may assist health caregivers in developing intervention approaches to improve parents' resilience.

Previous studies have investigated the relationship between psychological flexibility and psychological well-being among several populations. In addition to examine the relationship between these two variables, this study enhances our understanding about the process underlying the relationship between psychological flexibility and psychological well-being among women with breast cancer. The aim of the present study is to test the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between psychological flexibility and psychological well-being among Iranian women with breast cancer. The participants of this study, 220 women with breast cancer (ages 28-58 years, mean age: 42.16, SD: ±6.9.54), from three hospitals in Tehran, Iran, completed questionnaires about psychological flexibility, self-compassion, and psychological well-being. The results from structural equation modeling indicated that psychological flexibility and self-compassion positively predicted psychological well-being and psychological inflexibility negatively predicted psychological well-being among breast cancer patients. The findings from mediation analysis demonstrated that self-compassion partially mediated the relationships between psychological flexibility and psychological inflexibility with psychological well-being. The present study brings to light an underlying mechanism of the relationships between psychological flexibility and psychological inflexibility with psychological well-being via the mediating variable of self-compassion for patients with breast cancer.