Psychology Health & Medicine最新文献

People living with obesity (PLWO) are frequently subject to weight stigma in healthcare settings, which reduces their quality-of-care and exacerbates health inequalities. Evidence suggests PLWO also encounter weight stigma in the dental setting, however little research has explored this from the perspective of PLWO. This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of PLWO in the dental setting, specifically whether PLWO encounter weight stigma, receive patient-centred care, and whether (if so how) visiting the dentist can be improved for PLWO. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 PLWO; 10 females and 2 males ranging in age from 21 to 71 years. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Four overarching themes, (1) the dental setting as a safe space, (2) structural weight stigma setting, (3) stigmatising dentist-patient interactions, (4) weight stigma impacts on delivering patient-centred care, were generated. An equal number of participants had/had not encountered weight stigma in the dental setting. Weight stigma was perceived within direct dentist-patient interactions, the dental setting's physical environment and lack of access to bariatric dentistry, which seemed to impact upon the delivery of patient-centred care. Suggested avenues to improve visiting the dentist for PLWO included obesity education for the dental team. Participant lived experiences highlight that weight stigma is an issue some PLWO face in the dental setting. Professionals across clinical, educational and policy levels should work together to eliminate weight stigma in the dental setting and provide equitable care for PLWO.

The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between pain, psychological resilience, and perceived social support in liver cancer surgery cases. This is a descriptive and correlational study with a cross-sectional design. The research was conducted between May 2025 and August 2025 in the liver transplant unit and outpatient clinics of Y Medical Center, with a total of 45 patients. Data were collected using the Descriptive Characteristics Form, the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). For data analysis, independent samples t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson correlation analysis, and simple linear regression analysis were used. The study revealed a strong negative correlation between psychological resilience and pain levels (r = -0.842, p = 0.001), and a strong negative correlation between perceived social support and pain levels (r = -0.821, p = 0.002). In addition, a strong positive correlation was found between perceived social support and psychological resilience (r = 0.873, p = 0.001). Regression analysis indicated that perceived social support predicted 32% of the variance in pain levels and 42% of the variance in psychological resilience. The study found that as psychological resilience and perceived social support increased, pain levels decreased in liver cancer surgery cases. Furthermore, higher levels of perceived social support were associated with increased psychological resilience. Therefore, a holistic approach that includes not only physical but also psychological and social care should be adopted in the postoperative care process of these patients.

Death-related messaging is frequently used to promote preventive health behaviors, yet its psychological effects remain mixed and culturally dependent. Drawing on the Terror Management Health Model (TMHM), this study tested how mortality reminders influence breast self-examination (BSE) intentions in a Chinese cultural context, focusing on the moderating roles of individual traits and message framing. Across three experiments, we examined: (1) whether health optimism moderates the impact of mortality salience on BSE intention; (2) whether objectified imagery (e.g. lemons as metaphors) increases willingness more than biologized depictions under mortality salience; and (3) whether sociocultural value - oriented messages (e.g. celebrity-endorsed) sustain BSE intentions longer than health value - oriented ones. Mortality cues increased BSE willingness among women with high health optimism but reduced it among those with low optimism. Objectified representations enhanced short-term willingness more than anatomically framed ones. Health value messaging was more effective immediately post-exposure, while sociocultural framing better sustained intentions over time. Findings support TMHM's dual-defense framework and underscore the need to culturally adapt mortality-based health interventions. In the Chinese context - where body-related discourse remains sensitive - strategic message design and timing are critical to promoting preventive screening behaviors. These insights offer practical implications for designing culturally sensitive breast cancer campaigns that effectively motivate early screening behaviors.

Some studies have shown that childhood trauma may damage the cognitive function of patients with mood disorders, which is related to the increase of depression. Other studies highlighted that negative expectations for the future and excessive ruminant thinking have an impact on the maintenance or even exacerbation of depressive symptoms. The current study examined the serial mediating role of rumination and prospective imagery vividness between childhood trauma and depressive symptoms. A total of 1711 college students provided self-report data on the childhood trauma questionnaire, the prospective imagery task, ruminative responses scale and patient health questionnaire-9. Data showed that childhood trauma, ruminative thinking and vividness of prospective negative imagery were inversely related to depressive symptoms. The ruminative thinking and prospective negative imagery completely and serially mediated the relation between childhood trauma and depressive symptoms. Additionally, the ruminative thinking and vividness of prospective positive imagery completely and serially mediated the relation between childhood trauma and depressive symptoms. These results suggest that ruminative thinking and prospective imagery vividness exerted a serial mediating effect in the relationship between childhood trauma and depressive symptoms, increasing the risk of depression.

The fear of childbirth (FOC) is a widespread issue that affects the wellbeing of pregnant women. This study aimed to investigate the impact of FOC on the preferred and actual delivery mode of Chinese primiparous and multiparous women, by controlling for potential confounding factors using Lazarus's Theory of Stress, Emotion, and Coping. We conducted this perspective-longitudinal study included 1,288 pregnant women in late pregnancy in China. Data was collected through face-to-face questionnaires, cross-checking with electronic medical records, and the use of standardized measurement tools. The actual delivery mode was followed, and statistical analysis included univariate and multivariate regression analyses. Results showed that FOC had a positive association with preference for a cesarean section. However, neither FOC nor the preference for cesarean section resulted in higher cesarean section rates. Women who received childbirth education at hospitals had higher rates of vaginal delivery. This study highlights that FOC increases the likelihood of preferring a cesarean section, but it does not significantly impact the actual delivery mode. Further research is needed to explore the reasons behind the discrepancy between preferred and actual delivery modes and its implications.

Cognitive models of social anxiety disorder have conveyed the implication that self-focused attention (SFA) and post-event rumination (PER) are significant predictors in maintaining the symptoms of social anxiety (SA); however, their relationships have been scarcely studied in adolescents, including Chinese samples. The primary purpose of the current study was to examine the role of PER as a potential mediator between SFA and SA among Chinese adolescents; moreover, the moderation effect of gender was investigated. A total of 2,755 Chinese adolescents ranging in age from 11 to 19 years old with an average age of 14.18 were recruited from six urban public schools. Participants were asked to complete questionnaires measuring SFA, PER, SA, and depression. Structural equation modeling results showed that PER displayed as a plausible mediator in the relationship between SFA and SA, even after controlling for depression. In addition, gender was revealed to be a significant moderator, with a stronger relationship between PER and SA for girls than for boys. The current study provided evidence for Clark and Wells' proposition about the associations among SFA, PER, and SA, contributing to the field of adolescents' mental health and supporting the cultural applicability of the model.

While the association between life events and depression has been well-established, the mechanisms linking life events to depression in pregnant women require further exploration. This study aimed to explore the association between maternal life events and depression, with anxiety and social support as potential influencing factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2020 to December 2021 among 1767 pregnant women recruited via convenience sampling from a tertiary hospital in Yinchuan, China. Participants completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Life Events Scale for Pregnant Women (LESPW), Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS). Data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 and PROCESS 3.5. The key findings revealed that: maternal life events were positively associated with depression, with a total effect of 0.323 (95%CI = 0.283-0.363, p < 0.001) and a direct effect of 0.117 (95%CI = 0.084-0.151, p < 0.001). Anxiety partially mediated this association, accounting for 63.8% of the total effect (indirect effect = 0.206, 95%CI = 0.175-0.239, p < 0.001). Social support and its three dimensions negatively influenced the association between maternal life events and anxiety(moderating effects: overall social support β=-0.840, subjective support β=-0.786, objective support β=-0.360, support utilization β=-0.441, all p < 0.01). These findings suggest that maternal life events influence prenatal depression both directly and indirectly, while social support mitigates anxiety triggered by stressors. Targeted interventions to reduce life event exposure and strengthen social support may alleviate anxiety and depression in pregnant women.

This study aims to investigate the relationship between social media addiction, insomnia, and depression in adolescents. This correlational-cross-sectional-descriptive study involved 780 adolescents (mean age: 15.11 ± 1.20; 50.5% female) from high schools in a city center in Eastern Turkey. Data were gathered using a personal information form and validated scales, including the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, Bergen Insomnia Scale, and 6-item Kutcher Depression Scale. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 25.0, AMOS V 24.0, and G*Power 3.1 statistical package programs. It was determined that the mean score of adolescents' social media addiction was 15.81 ± 5.50, the mean score of insomnia was 16.98 ± 10.84 and the mean score of depression was 7.30 ± 4.47. A significant positive relationship was observed between social media addiction and both insomnia and depression. Additionally, insomnia and depression were significantly correlated. Social media usage time was positively associated with higher levels of social media addiction, insomnia, and depression. Depression was found to mediate the relationship between social media addiction and insomnia. Pediatric and school health nurses are encouraged to assess adolescents' social media usage habits, including time spent online, and develop monitoring and intervention programs. These programs can provide immediate support to address social media-related psychological and behavioral issues effectively.

The proportion of Indonesian junior and senior high school students considering suicide was around 5.2% in 2015. This research analysed the association between social supports and suicidal ideation based on gender differences among adolescents in Indonesia.

Methods: This cross-sectional study analysed secondary data from the Global School-based Health Survey (GSHS). The 9,333 respondents were aged 11 to 18 years. The dependent variable was suicidal ideation in the past 12 months before the survey. The independent variables were peer support, parent support, and parent attention. The multivariable analysis applied the enter method to examine the adjusted effect causing the dependent variable.

Result: Boys had a higher risk than girls of considering suicide on all of the associated independent variables, including boys aged <15 years (AOR 6.134, 95% CI 4.342-8.665), boys in junior high school (AOR 3.160, 95% CI 2.205-4.528), boys with no peer support (AOR 4.230, 95% CI 2.996-5.972), boys with no parental support (AOR 2.481, 95% CI 1.686-3.650) and boys with no parental attention (AOR 3.268, 95% CI 2.292-4.658).

Conclusion: Boys with no peer support had a 4.230 times higher risk of suicidal ideation.

This meta-analysis evaluated the association between the Val66Met polymorphism of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the susceptibility to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the Chinese mainland population. Eligible documents were selected from online databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang and CBM (updated to 15 October 2023). The evaluation of study quality was conducted according to guidelines of Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Basic features of patients, OR and 95% CI were retrieved to assess the correlation between ADHD susceptibility and Val66Met polymorphism in four genetic models: allele genetic model (mutation (A) vs. wild-type (G)), additive genetic model (AA vs. GG and AG vs. GG), recessive genetic model (AA vs. AG+GG) and dominant genetic model (AA+AG vs. GG). This study included totally four studies for subsequent meta-analysis. The results indicated that the correlation between ADHD susceptibility and Val66Met polymorphism in A vs. G (OR = 0.8840, 95%CI: [0.6696-1.1672], p = 0.3846), AA vs. GG (OR = 0.8436, 95%CI: [0.5432-1.3102], p = 0.4490), AA+AG vs. GG (OR = 0.8602, 95%CI: [0.6497-1.1391], p = 0.2933), AG vs. GG (OR = 0.9132, 95%CI: [0.7810-1.0679], p = 0.2556) and AA vs. GG+AG (OR = 1.0315, 95%CI: [0.8789-1.2105], p = 0.7044) was not significant. Egger's test and sensitivity analysis demonstrating the reliability and stability our conclusions, respectively. BDNF Val66Met polymorphism did not contribute to the susceptibility of ADHD in Chinese mainland population.