Psychology Health & Medicine最新文献

Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disorder involving bone marrow failure and cancer predisposition. Due to medical advances, people with FA are now living to adulthood and unmet mental health concerns are emerging. We aimed to explore mental health outcomes and protective and risk factors for the first time using a participatory research approach. Participants included 102 adults with FA from diverse national, ethnic, and racial backgrounds who completed validated measures of anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, health-related quality of life, FA characteristics, personal factors, and social factors. When compared to population norms, adults with FA had significantly poorer health-related quality of life on all domains measured, including anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms, fatigue, physical function, sleep disturbance, social participation, pain, and cognitive function. Results showed 50% of participants had probable PTSD, 33% had probable anxiety, and 25% had probable depression. Hierarchical regressions indicating protective/risk factors for symptoms of anxiety, depression, and PTSD included stigma, disability self-efficacy, fatigue, concern with death and dying, and post-traumatic growth. Adults are at risk for symptoms of PTSD, anxiety, and depression. Just as people with FA should receive regular cancer screenings, they should also be screened for mental health symptoms.

Minimal research has delved into the latent categories of cyberchondria among undergraduate nursing students and its correlation with eHealth literacy and health anxiety. In this study, convenience sampling was employed to conduct a survey among 713 undergraduate nursing students utilizing a General Information Survey Form, the Chinese Version of the Brief Cyberchondria Scale, the Chinese Version of the eHEALS Scale, and the Chinese Version of the Brief Health Anxiety Inventory, yielding 692 valid responses. Through latent profile analysis, this research categorized cyberchondria among nursing students into three distinct profiles: 'Low Search-Low Disturbance Group' (12.3%), 'High Search-Low Disturbance Group' (41.3%), and 'High Search-High Disturbance Group' (46.4%). Key determinants influencing these cyberchondria profiles among nursing students were identified as gender, decision-making capability, the fear of becoming ill, and the fear of the negative consequences associated with illness (p < 0.05). The study unveils that cyberchondria levels are significantly high among undergraduate nursing students, influenced by various factors. Strategic interventions encompassing cognitive, emotional, and social dimensions are suggested to decrease the prevalence of cyberchondria within this demographic.

The COVID-19 pandemic faced healthcare workers (HCWs) worldwide with major challenges, which caused psychological stress and an increased health risk. This study aims to develop and evaluate a guideline for HCWs to prevent stress consequences due to work-related factors during a pandemic. As part of a preliminary phase of the study, a systematic literature review was conducted. Based on the literature review, qualitative interviews were conducted with HCWs (n = 20) about work-related stressors and stress consequences during the pandemic (study phase 1). A guideline for the prevention of stress consequences due to work-related factors in HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic was developed based on the literature review and interviews. In the study phase 2, HCWs (n = 44) evaluated the guideline via questionnaires. The main findings of phase 1 were that the interviews revealed 43 negative stressors (e.g. fear of infection) and 14 stress consequences (e.g. cognitive exhaustion). Participants reported that they mainly compensated for work-related stress in their leisure time, which shows the need for preventive measures during their workday. In phase 2, 90.9% of the participants evaluated the guideline as comprehensible and useful (88.6%). The study provides an in-depth insight into the work-related stress consequences experienced by HCWs. The developed guideline suggests measures to prevent work-related stress and has the potential to prevent consequences of stress in the work context.

The study was to investigate the relevant factors that were associated with differences in depressive symptoms between urban and rural middle-aged and elderly population in China, measuring the contribution of related influencing factors. We constructed binary logistic regression models to investigate the primary factors influencing depressive symptoms and employed Fairlie models to examine these factors contributing to the differences in depressive symptoms between urban and rural middle-aged and elderly individuals. The proportion of depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older individuals in China was 38.16%, with findings indicating that rural areas exhibited higher rates (44.47%) of depressive symptoms compared to urban areas (31.85%). The Fairlie decomposition analysis demonstrated 53.51% of the disparities in depressive symptoms could be accounted for, which was mainly linked to differences in self-reported health status (19.16%), education level (14.45%), insurance (8.28%), instrumental activities of daily living dysfunction (6.16%), gender (-3.72%), sleep time (2.35%), falling history (2.31%), age (-2.17%), physical examination (2.03%), and chronic disease condition (-0.50%). The prevalence of depressive symptoms in rural middle-aged and elderly was greater than urban, linked to demographics, lifestyle, health status and social status. This study aided policymakers in reducing health disparities and designing targeted mental health interventions for vulnerable populations.

Mindfulness, yoga, and acupuncture are three practices that have received little attention in stress management literature, with scholars suggesting that they can improve physical and mental health, reduce stress and burnout, and boost productivity and job satisfaction. However, while there is growing interest in these practices, many employers remain sceptical about their potential benefits and are hesitant to invest resources in implementing them. This meta-analysis aimed to examine the impact of these practices on burnout and explore potential moderators. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to ensure comprehensive and transparent reporting in the identification of eligible studies. Overall, 21 studies were included (8 on mindfulness, 7 on yoga, and 6 on acupuncture), all involving independent samples, with a total of 1,364 participants. The meta-analytic results showed that all three therapeutic practices have consistent and beneficial effects on reducing burnout. Furthermore, moderation analyses indicated that mindfulness interventions conducted within the work schedule have a significant reduction in burnout, while acupuncture interventions with between 4 or 8 weeks (the more weeks, the better) also reduced burnout. However, no significant moderation effect was observed for yoga interventions. Overall, the findings provide insights into the effectiveness of these complementary practices in reducing burnout and highlight the need for further research in this area.

To explore the potential classification of anxiety symptoms in stroke patients' spouses and analyze the characteristics of each category. From November 2019 to August 2020, a total of 224 stroke patients in the department of neurology of a tertiary hospital in Henan Province, and 224 spouse caregivers were conveniently selected. The general information questionnaire, Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item, the Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item scale, and modified Rankin Scale was used to assess patient and caregiver general information, anxiety, depression and patient prognosis, respectively. Latent profile analysis was used to analyze stroke patients' spouse anxiety symptoms, and polynomial logistic regression analysis was performed to assess factors associated with each category. The mean age of the patients were 62.54 years and the patients' spouses were 62.23 years. The patients' spouse anxiety symptoms were categorized into four groups: high anxiety-worry (13.4%); high anxiety-adaptive (58.9%); medium anxiety-high toughness (7.6%); anxiety-low risk (20.1%). There is heterogeneity in the anxiety symptoms of spouse caregivers of stroke patients, and nurses should develop targeted interventions based on the anxiety characteristics of different potential categories of spouse caregivers and their influencing factors in order to improve their anxiety symptoms.

Assessing the longitudinal relationship between sociodemographic, lifestyle, and psychological characteristics and incident multimorbidity (IMM) in middle-aged and older persons in Thailand was the goal of this study. We examined prospective cohort data of individuals aged 45 and over from three successive waves of the Health, Aging and Retirement in Thailand (HART) research conducted in 2015, 2017, and 2020 (analytic sample N = 2442). IMM was assessed with 10 health care provider diagnosed medical conditions. To assess the longitudinal associations between measures of sociodemographic, lifestyle and psychosocial factors, and IMM between 2015 (baseline without MM), 2017 (first follow-up, IMM) and 2020 (second follow-up, IMM), we conducted Generalized Estimating Equations analysis (GEE). The 5-year cumulative IMM was 19.6% and the incidence rate was 39.1 per 1000 person-years. In the final GEE logistic regression model, sociodemographic factors (older age, urban residence, lower economic status, and central region), lifestyle factors (past alcohol use, overweight and obesity) and psychosocial factors (poor self-rated mental health, insomnia symptoms, loneliness, and low informal social engagement) were associated with IMM. We found that sociodemographic, factors and psychosocial factors were associated with IMM. Enhancing lifestyles related to reducing bodyweight, screening and treatment of poor mental health and improving social interaction may reduce MM in Thailand.

The worsening global aging population and the rising prevalence of depression occur simultaneously. However, the mechanisms through which depression affects quality of life (QOL) in different domains remain poorly understood, particularly in older adults. Data for this research were sourced from the Healthy Aging Cross-Sectional Data. To assess depression symptoms and QOL, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF) were utilized, respectively. The analysis sought to evaluate the influence of depression on QOL by examining central and bridging symptoms within the network and their connections to QOL. A total of 2,520 participants were included in this survey, of which 581 (23.1%) screened positive for depression (GDS-15 ≥ 5). From the analyses of global network comparison, we found that the networks appeared to differ between the non-depressed and depressed groups both before (M = 0.208, p = 0.022, S = 0.526, p = 0.422) and after (M = 0.216, p = 0.036, S = 0.091, p = 0.806) propensity score matching (PSM). Within the derived depression-QOL network, we identified that the 10 strongest edges between the two communities are distributed across the respective domains of QOL. Notably, GDS1 (Life satisfaction), GDS5 (Happiness), and GDS4 (Boredom) serve as bridge symptoms within the depression-QOL network. The indicator of 'a general sense of satisfaction with life' was crucial in the network of symptoms, demonstrating notable links to the QOL of the residents. Vigilance towards these symptoms is vital for reducing risks and preventing the worsening of QOL in the elderly.

Older adults with chronic pain from underserved communities need evidence-based pain management programs. To meet this need, we interviewed patients and staff from an underserved community clinic to identify their treatment preferences and barriers and facilitators to participating in a mind-body activity program. We conducted nine qualitative interviews (two staff; seven patients) and six focus groups (three staff groups; three patient groups), transcribed them verbatim and then used inductive-deductive thematic analysis guided by two pre-specified superordinate domains: (1) treatment preferences and (2) barriers and facilitators to participation. Participants recommended flexible, group participation options (in person, remote) with a credible leader and with multi-cultural considerations. They generally reacted positively to the proposed content. Barriers included logistical barriers (e.g. transportation, finances), weather, and skepticism about novel treatments; facilitators centered on expanding access and increasing sense of community. Our findings highlight important considerations to facilitate the uptake of mind-body activity programs for underserved older adults with chronic pain.

Compromised Sustainable Employability (SE) of medical doctors poses a risk to the viability of health care, and consequently, to society's welfare. In order to address medical doctors' compromised SE a better understanding of its underlying determinants is needed. Therefore, drawing on the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model, extended with Psychosocial Safety Climate (PSC), we tested PSC as a 'cause of causes', examining direct and indirect relationships between PSC, job characteristics (job demands and job resources), and SE outcomes (burnout, work engagement, and job satisfaction). We also tested whether PSC moderates job characteristics-SE relationships. Multilevel structural equation modelling was used to analyse questionnaire data from 604 medical doctors across 28 groups. PSC was analysed at the group-level, while other variables were analysed at the individual-level. Results showed that job demands and job resources were related to SE outcomes, generally in line with the JD-R model. PSC was particularly positively related to job resources and negatively to the job demand social harassment. We found some support for indirect relationships between PSC and SE outcomes through job characteristics, as well as PSC's moderating role on job characteristics-SE relationships. Surprisingly, under high PSC, unfavourable job characteristics were associated with more negative SE outcomes. These findings suggest that healthcare organisations can enhance medical doctors' SE by fostering a high PSC and designing favourable job characteristics.