Psychology Health & Medicine最新文献

The incidence of emotional disorders among Chinese adolescents has risen, particularly during the three years of the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in an alarming increase in suicide rates and becoming an undeniable public health issue. A qualitative descriptive design was used, researchers conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews with 16 adolescent suicide attempters. This study explores the psychological experiences and perceptions of life and death of Chinese adolescent patients with suicide attempts to provide a foundation and recommendations for developing targeted suicide prevention strategies for adolescents.Three themes can be identified in the psychological experiences of Chinese adolescents who attempted suicide. The first theme is loss of sense of meaning in life. This theme consists of 3 sub-themes, including a sense of insignificance and worthlessness, a sense of despair and helplessness, and a sense of no attachment and no support. The second theme is the one-sided perception of death. This theme consists of 3 sub-themes, including death can be pain-free, death as a means of relieving oneself and others of burdens, and death as a 'reboot' of life. The third theme is complex experiences following attempted suicide. This theme consists of 4 sub-themes, including feeling regret and guilt, thoughts of attempting suicide again, feeling shame due to stigma, and desire for an emotional link with others.When the accumulated psychological pain of a suicidal adolescent, combined with a lack of perception and experience of life's meaning and a scientific understanding of death, leads to suicidal ideation, it becomes a serious public health issue. We recommend that society pay more attention to educating young people about the value of life and death. A multidimensional intervention approach that involves family, school, and society should be developed to explore a suicide intervention concept that prioritizes the growth of young people's lives as the primary value orientation.

Mounting evidence highlights the link between screen exposure and behavior problems. However, The structure of the network of problem behaviors in preschoolers exposed to screens has not yet been explored. This study aimed to construct a psychological network structure of behavior problems in preschoolers, and investigating the 'nodes' within the structure impacted by screen exposure by utilizing network analysis. We conducted a survey of 779 parents with children aged 4-7 using a general questionnaire, a screen exposure time questionnaire, and a difficulties and strengths questionnaire to examine the network structure of problem behaviors in children exposed to screens compared to those who are non-screen-exposed children. The core symptoms of problem behaviors in children of the screen exposure group were S25, S13 and S5; The core symptoms of children in the non-screen exposure group were mainly S15 and S13; The global intensity invariance test indicates that there is a statistically significant difference in the sum of all edge weights. Screen exposure is a negative influencing factor for children's problem behaviors. With different degrees of exposure, the core symptoms and overall connectivity of the problem behavior symptom network are also different. In the future, precise and effective interventions can be carried out targeting the core targets of the symptom network of children's problem behaviors to promote the physical and mental health development of children.

Resilience has been associated with better outcomes. This study aimed to identify sociodemographic and psychological variables associated with a low level of resilience in parents in the context of the COVID-19 lockdown. A cross-sectional study including 698 French parents of school-aged children aged 8-18 years was conducted. Resilience was measured via the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS). The sociodemographic factors investigated included personal, family and community factors. Social support and the quality of interpersonal relationships were also collected. A logistic regression analysis was performed to explore significant associations between the participant characteristics and a low level of resilience. The mean BRS score was 3.5 (SD = 0.8), with 22.2% of parents classified as having a low level of resilience. The sociodemographic factors associated with having a low level of resilience included being female, living in an urban area, sharing a living space with fewer than four people, including oneself, and having individuals in the home or the family circle with confirmed COVID-19 who were not hospitalized. Older age was inversely associated with low resilience levels. In terms of psychological factors, parents with higher perceived social support and those with higher-quality interpersonal relationships with family members, colleagues at work and people in general were less likely to have a low level of resilience. Parents' resilience seems to be associated with sociodemographic and psychological factors. Identifying the factors related to a low level of resilience in parents may assist health caregivers in developing intervention approaches to improve parents' resilience.

Previous studies have investigated the relationship between psychological flexibility and psychological well-being among several populations. In addition to examine the relationship between these two variables, this study enhances our understanding about the process underlying the relationship between psychological flexibility and psychological well-being among women with breast cancer. The aim of the present study is to test the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between psychological flexibility and psychological well-being among Iranian women with breast cancer. The participants of this study, 220 women with breast cancer (ages 28-58 years, mean age: 42.16, SD: ±6.9.54), from three hospitals in Tehran, Iran, completed questionnaires about psychological flexibility, self-compassion, and psychological well-being. The results from structural equation modeling indicated that psychological flexibility and self-compassion positively predicted psychological well-being and psychological inflexibility negatively predicted psychological well-being among breast cancer patients. The findings from mediation analysis demonstrated that self-compassion partially mediated the relationships between psychological flexibility and psychological inflexibility with psychological well-being. The present study brings to light an underlying mechanism of the relationships between psychological flexibility and psychological inflexibility with psychological well-being via the mediating variable of self-compassion for patients with breast cancer.

This study was intended to evaluate the psychosocial impacts of ocular and facial ailments on women and to evaluate the efficiency of various interventions on psychological well-being and quality of life. The researcher conducted the study while adhering to the advocated reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 24 peer-reviewed articles from reputable databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scopus) and published starting January 1, 1990 to 2023 were included. Forest plots were used for data visualization, and fixed- and random-effects models were adopted for meta-analysis. There was observed significant improvement in self-esteem following intervention implementation (pooled effect size of 0.73, p < 0.001), body image (pooled effect size of 0.65, p < 0.001), reduction in anxiety levels post-intervention (pooled effect size of -0.56, p < 0.001), reduction in depression levels (pooled effect size of -0.48, p < 0.001), as well as improvement in overall quality of life (pooled effect size of 0.56, p < 0.001). Where relevant, odds ratios were noted from included studies but not the primary measure for the pooled effects. This study highlights the intricate interplay of individual, interpersonal, and environmental factors in shaping psychosocial outcomes and underscores the need for comprehensive care that addresses the multidimensional needs of affected women.

The association between partner congruence and maternal mental health manifests intricate cultural variations. This study aimed to explore how the perceived psychological state of partners affects perinatal mental health among Chinese women and examine the mediating roles of couple communication and perceived social support. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 1,654 pregnant women (mean age: 29.7 years; gestational age: 12-41 weeks) from three hospitals in Jiangsu Province. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied for data analysis. The results indicated that an unstable partner's perceived psychological state negatively affects perinatal mental health. Couple communication partially mediates the relationship between partner's perceived psychological state and perinatal mental health, and couple communication and perceived social support performed a serial mediation of this relationship. These findings suggest that a partner's psychological state can induce similar emotional responses in pregnant women. However, effective couple communication can alleviate adverse psychological effects by enhancing perceived social support. This study underscores the imperative to incorporate empowerment of primary support companions (particularly spouses) within prenatal social support frameworks. To advocate for the development of a two-way communication model, the enhancement of effective dichotomous communication skills, and the establishment of a supportive communication environment characterized by openness and regularity. This approach ensures that spousal support aligns with women's needs, improving the quality and satisfaction of support while reducing the risk of adverse health outcomes.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the relationships between breast cancer prevention behavior, attitude, knowledge, and fatalism, and to examine the chain mediating effect of breast cancer-related fatalism (mediating variable 1, M1) and attitude (mediating variable 2, M2) on the relationship between breast cancer-related knowledge (X) and prevention behavior in Chinese women with benign breast tumors.

Methods: A cross-sectional design was used in this study, and 201 women with benign breast tumors were evaluated in terms of breast cancer-related fatalism, prevention knowledge, attitude and behavior by using the Multidimensional Fatalism Scale (MFS) and the Knowledge - attitude-behavior Questionnaire for Breast Cancer Prevention. Regression analysis was adopted to test and explain the relationships between breast cancer prevention behavior, attitude, knowledge, and fatalism, and the chain mediating effect of breast cancer-related fatalism (mediating variable 1, M1) and attitude (mediating variable 2, M2) on the relationship between breast cancer-related knowledge (X) and prevention behavior (Y) in women with benign breast tumors.

Results: Knowledge had significant direct predictive effects on fatalism, attitude and behavior (β_{knowledge→fatalism} = -0.24, p = 0.002; β_{knowledge→attitude} = 0.30, P < 0.001; β_{knowledge→behavior} = 0.14, p = 0.019), attitude has a significant direct predictive effect on behavior (β_{attitude→behavior} = 0.19, P < 0.001). In addition, there were two significant mediating paths: ① knowledge - attitude-behavior (β = 0.06, P < 0.05); and ② knowledge - fatalism - attitude-behavior (β = 0.01, P < 0.05).

Conclusion: Our findings indicate that helping women with benign breast tumors increase their knowledge, reduce fatalism, and promote positive attitude toward breast cancer prevention is conducive to enhancing their preventive behavior. In addition, improving the knowledge of women with benign breast tumors can also enhance their prevention behavior by affecting their fatalism and attitude.

In today's world, where digital consumption is prevalent, it's crucial to reflect on the psychological effects of online behaviors. This research focuses on exploring how abnormal online novel reading (AONR) mediates the connection between feelings of loneliness and maladaptive daydreaming (MD). A survey was conducted on 388 subjects who engage in online novel reading. The results revealed that AONR serves as a partial mediator between loneliness and MD. The findings suggest that loneliness may compel individuals to seek solace in the virtual narratives of online novels, which in turn may catalyze MD by offering fertile ground for elaborate fantasy worlds. These findings suggest that addressing the underlying issue of loneliness and reducing AONR could help alleviate MD. Interventions could focus on promoting social connections and fostering healthier coping mechanisms. Moreover, AONR should be considered a potential behavioral addiction, like other forms of digital addiction, as it involves preoccupation with online novels, withdrawal symptoms, increased tolerance, loss of control, continued engagement despite negative consequences, and escapism as a coping mechanism. They also highlight the importance for online novel readers who should be aware of the potential negative effects of this behavior on their mental health and strive to maintain a balance between reading habits and other activities to promote both personal fulfillment and psychological health.

Internet addiction (IA) and depression present significant public health challenges, especially during a pandemic. Previous research conducted outside of pandemic contexts highlighted the importance of emotional regulation (ER) for depression, with specific strategies such as cognitive reappraisal (CR) and expressive suppression (ES) showing effectiveness in predicting the internalization of problems. However, knowledge regarding ER strategies for depression and IA during the pandemic remains limited, thus hindering our implementation of effective strategies. This study aimed to examine the relationships between IA, ER strategies, and depressive symptoms, and to identify protective factors against depression and IA. Additionally, it sought to investigate the mediating role of depressive symptoms. Data were collected from 824 students across the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods. Results highlight the risks associated with ES for both depressive symptoms and IA, while CR demonstrates potential in reducing depressive symptoms and IA. Interventions that promote the development of CR and discourage reliance on ES can effectively mitigate depressive symptoms and IA.

eHealth literacy refers to one's ability to engage effectively with electronic health information. It is proven to have associations with certain psychological constructs; therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify cluster profiles based on differences in the context of levels of eHealth literacy, illness perception, well-being, stigmatization, optimism, and self-efficacy. In a cross-sectional design, a sample of adult hematology patients from Hungary (N = 96; Mage = 56.5 years; SD = 15.5) completed a self-administered paper-pencil survey including six scales: eHealth Literacy Scale, Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, WHO Well-Being Index, Stigma Scale for Chronic Illness, Revised Life Orientation Test, and General Self-Efficacy Scale. Pearson's bivariate correlation analyses explored bivariate relationships between eHealth literacy and other psychological variables, while K-means clustering was performed to identify patient categorization across the explored variables. Correlation analysis revealed that eHealth literacy had a positive correlation with self-efficacy and a negative association with illness perception. Well-being was positively correlated with self-efficacy and optimism, while illness perception was negatively correlated with self-efficacy but positively with optimism. Cluster analysis identified two patient profiles. Cluster 1, labeled 'empowered and e-health literate patients', included 42 patients with high-level eHealth literacy, better well-being, positive illness perceptions, higher scores on self-efficacy and optimism, and weaker feelings of stigmatization. Cluster 2, labeled 'vulnerable patients with low-level eHealth literacy', comprised 53 patients with low-level eHealth literacy, poorer well-being, negative illness perceptions, lower level of self-efficacy and optimism, and stronger feelings of stigmatization. Chi-square tests revealed statistically significant differences by clusters regarding age, permanent residence, and health status. In conclusion, findings showed substantial differences in patient profiles, suggesting that in their development, eHealth literacy and its associations with psychological variables, most importantly, well-being and illness perception can play a decisive role. These results promote the targeted development of eHealth literacy interventions.