Psychology Health & Medicine最新文献

Previous studies have confirmed a high prevalence of anxiety among medical students. The present study aimed to identify distinct medical student anxiety profiles to develop targeted interventions. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 735 medical students (346 males and 389 females) recruited voluntarily from mainland China. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was applied to explore profiles of various types of anxiety, including test anxiety, academic anxiety, social anxiety, career choice anxiety, general anxiety, and trait anxiety. The results showed that LPA yielded four profiles, comprising 17.14, 20.82, 21.50, and 40.54% of the sample respectively. Specifically, Class 1 (17.14%) showed the highest levels of multiple types of anxiety, particularly the highest level of general anxiety. Class 2 (20.82%) and Class 3 (21.50%) showed moderate levels of anxiety, but they displayed different patterns across various types of anxiety except for social anxiety. Class 4 (40.54%) displayed the lowest levels of anxiety across all types. These profiles differed in academic status and depression. Further, the multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that the high-anxiety group (Class 1) was more likely to be elder students, with lower sports frequency and a higher degree of self-handicapping. These results call for the need to move beyond linear relations among global constructs to address the complexity of anxiety coping and highlight the importance of customized intervention for these heterogeneous groups.

Both anxiety and depression are comorbid mortality risks in middle-aged and older patients with heart diseases. Open-heart surgery (OHS), a life-altering procedure, can induce psychological distress that impedes postoperative recovery. Extensive research has shown the health benefit of optimism, an indicator of hope-a Character Strength in positive psychology. It predicts low mortality in cardiovascular disease-the number one killer of all Americans. Few studies, however, have explored whether that optimism mitigates the negative impact of preoperative depression and anxiety on postoperative general psychological distress. This interdisciplinary clinical study evaluated a hypothetical model of these relationships prior to and 1 month following OHS in 311 U.S. patients using a three-wave survey. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed to predict post-OHS general psychological distress. Optimism was indicated by two subscales in the Life Orientation Test (LOT). Based on the definition, general psychological distress was indicated by low symptom levels of somatization, depression, and anxiety as measured by the SCL-90 subscales. The final solution demonstrated a good fit. Optimism alleviates the negative effects of preoperative depression and anxiety, as indicators of poor mental health, on postoperative distress. Both older age and female gender were positively and directly associated with higher levels of post-OHS symptoms. The finding supports the beneficial role of optimism in mitigating the damage of poor mental health in the postoperative outcome of cardiac patients. The desirable function of character strength hope suggests that health providers should be attentive to and enhance inner strength for reducing the distress of cardiac patients in the postoperative recovery month.

Fertility treatments can be physically and psychologically exhausting for those who do it due to high expectations and possible frustration with the negative results. Moreover, it demands time and high financial investment, which are sometimes stressful factors for the working patient. Two aspects that can ease this context are resilience and social support. The present article aims to investigate the levels of work-family conflict in individuals undergoing infertility treatment and their associations with stress, resilience, and social support. The survey of 242 patients addressed sociodemographic data, Infertility-Related Stress Scale-Brazil (IRSS-BP), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale 10 (CD-RISC 10), Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), and Work-Family Conflict Scale. Data were analyzed using R (4.3.2). Findings suggest that the level of Work-Family Conflict is higher in men (p = 0.020). The scale is also positively associated with Infertility Stress and negatively correlated with Resilience and Social Support.

The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between the social well-being of healthcare professionals and their perception of gender roles. The correlational screening model was used in the research. The study group consisted of 247 healthcare professionals working in a university hospital. As a data collection tool in the research, the Social Well-Being Scale-Healthcare Professionals Version, Gender Roles Attitude Scale, and Demographic Data Form were used. Unrelated Samples t-test, One-Way Analysis of Variance, Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient, and Multiple Linear Regression Analysis techniques were used to analyze the data. It was determined that the social well-being average of healthcare workers was 121.43 ± 24.46 and the gender role average was 99.48 ± 9.70. It was observed that the average social well-being of healthcare professionals differed at a statistically significant level according to family structure, length of service in the current institution, alcohol use, gender roles, gender, and profession (p < .05). As a result of the research, it was determined that there is a positive relationship between social well-being and gender roles. It was determined that gender roles, gender, length of service in the current institution and alcohol use status significantly predict social well-being.

This study investigates the growing issue of nomophobia, characterized by the anxiety of being without a mobile phone, in the workplace. Utilizing the broaden-and-build theory, this research examines the impact of supportive leadership, co-worker support, Human Resource Management (HRM) practices, and affective commitment on reducing nomophobia among employees. Data were collected from 393 employees across various educational organizations. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed to test the proposed hypotheses. The findings reveal that supportive leadership significantly reduces nomophobia by enhancing HRM practices and affective commitment. However, contrary to expectations, co-worker support was found to increase nomophobia, suggesting that informal communication and social interactions via mobile devices might exacerbate smartphone dependency. HRM practices emerged as a critical factor in mitigating nomophobia, more so than affective commitment. This study contributes to the literature by highlighting the complex dynamics of workplace relationships and offering practical insights for organizations aiming to reduce nomophobia and improve employee well-being.

Coronavirus is an infectious disease that has left tens of millions of deaths around the world, and which has had social, economic, emotional, and psychological consequences. To mitigate the spread of the virus, several countries have adopted restrictive measures that impacted the way people experienced the end-of-life and the death of their loved one. This study aimed to identify the variables associated with prolonged grief symptoms in the context of both pandemic-related losses and the unique challenges related to end-of-life care. An anonymous online survey was disseminated widely through various channels including local press, social media, professional networks and hospitals. Socio-demographic information was collected, as well as information related to loss (cause of death, place of end-of-life care and death) and bereavement, and on the impact of the restrictions imposed by the pandemic. The participants were 163 bereaved who lost a loved one who received end-of-life care during the pandemic in Portugal. Most participants were female, married, professionally active and had lost their grandparents. A hierarchical multiple regression was performed to determine the factors associated with prolonged grief symptoms. The results showed that more prolonged grief symptoms were associated with less social support, worsening of the financial situation, greater psychological impact of restrictions on communicating with the deceased, and the deceas having received end-of-life care in a hospital. The early identification based on these factors of individuals at higher risk for more prolonged grief symptoms could allow for targeted interventions and support services.This study unveils crucial factors contributing to heightened grief amid pandemic-related losses and challenges in end-of-life care, which provide practical insights for healthcare practitioners. Highlight the importance of personalized interventions to fortify social connections, address financial challenges, and offer compassionate alternatives to hospital-centric care. Policymakers can leverage this information to optmise grief management during public health crises.

High prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems among Chinese adolescence has been reported. This study seeks to investigate the mediating effect of alexithymia and dependency on anxiety and emotional-behavioral problems among adolescents. The study population included 519 adolescents. The assessments included the completion of standardized scales such as the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale (MASC), the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire (DEQ), the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Independent-sample t-tests, bivariate correlation, and serial mediation analyses were performed using SPSS23.0. Bivariate analyses revealed that anxiety, emotional-behavioral problem, alexithymia, and dependency were positively correlated. Alexithymia and dependency play a significant role in mediating the effect of multidimensional anxiety on emotional-behavioral problems. The effects of the two mediating paths were 69.86% and 7.81% for indirect effect through alexithymia, dependency, and specific indirect effect by alexithymia and dependency was 12.33%. Anxiety and emotional-behavioral problems mediate the relationship between alexithymia and dependency.

The preoperative anxiety is common and the reported prevalence of preoperative anxiety among patients that underwent various types of surgery was found as high as 60%-90%. If anxiety before surgical intervention is not well managed, it may delay surgery due to changes in vital signs and increase the possibility of complications developing postoperatively. The aim of this study is to determine the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of Surgical Anxiety Questionnaire. This methodological study was conducted with 204 patients who agreed to participate in the study in Turkey. Before beginning the study, institutional permission was obtained from Provincial Health Directorate to perform the research in state hospital located in province. Ethics committee permission was obtained from University Clinical Research Ethics Committee. Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient, Pearson's correlation, factor analysis, Bartlett test, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test and correlation were used in the assessment of the data obtained. The level of significance was accepted as 0.05. In this study, the Cronbach α coefficients for the Surgical Anxiety Questionnaire were 0.844 for the whole scale, 0.836 for the Anxiety related to Health subdimension, 0.734 for the Anxiety related to Recovery subdimension and 0.707 for the Anxiety related to Procedure subdimension. The item total point correlation values for the Surgical Anxiety Scale were found to be between 0.247 and 0.673. It is concluded that the Turkish version of Surgical Anxiety Scale is valid and reliable for surgical patients, in clinical and scientific research studies.

The literature lacks a rigorous psychometric evaluation of the Arabic version of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in hemodialysis (HD) patients. This study aims to evaluate reliability, determine the underlying factor structure of the Arabic version of HADS and assess its suitability as screening tool for depression and anxiety among Arabic HD patients.A sample of 370 HD patients were recruited from all health districts in Kuwait. Reliability for HADS (all items) and its subscales HADS-A (anxiety) and HADS-D (depression) were estimated using Cronbach's alpha and item analysis was conducted. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted to extract and test the factor structure for the Arabic version of HADS. Eight models were tested using CFA to determine goodness-of-fit.The Cronbach α for the Arabic HADS (all items), HADS-A and HADS-D were 0.884, 0.852 and 0.764, respectively. Pearson correlation coefficient between HADS-A and HADS-D subscales indicated significant correlation (r = +0.69, PV < 0.001). EFA indicated two factors with eigenvalues >1, which accounted for 48.5% of the total variance. CFA revealed the one-factor model had the poorest fit, the two-factor models with acceptable fit, and three-factor models showed good fit.The Arabic HADS has good reliability and internal consistency, which warrants its use in screening for anxiety and depression among Arabic HD patients. Furthermore, the three-factor structure has shown a better fit which warrants further exploration in HD patients with the advancement in theory of psychological models for anxiety and depression.

Demoralization comprises multiple dimensions. Among them, Subjective Incompetence (SI) is the perception of being incapable of appropriate action in demanding circumstances. SI may be an early sign of demoralization preceding hopelessness, thus we aimed at integrating items related to Subjective Incompetence into the clinical assessment of demoralization. We assessed 414 subjects from the general population with the Demoralization Scale, 24 items (DS24) and the Subjective Incompetence Scale, 12 items (SIS12). We used multiple approaches to detect the optimal number of factors and their item structure, then conducted Bayesian Item Response Theory analyses to study item psychometric properties. Item Response Theory models were used to extrapolate latent severity ratings of clinical dimensions. We modelled the DS24 with five factors (Disheartenment, Sense of Failure, Helplessness, Irritability, Loss of Purpose) and the SIS12 with three (Subjective Incompetence, Inability to plan, Inability to Deal). The more complex IRT model had the best predictive value and helped to identify the items with better discrimination properties across the different dimensions. Twenty items were retained and used to develop the combined Demoralization and Subjective Incompetence Scale (DSIS20), which maintained high correlation with raw and latent trait scores of the longer versions. We combined selected items of the DS24 and the SIS12 to develop the DSIS20, a shorter assessment instrument that includes Subjective Incompetence as well as other clinical dimensions of demoralization. Further study may clarify if DSIS20 may be helpful for the early detection of demoralization.