Pub Date : 2025-03-02DOI: 10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.03.003
Yan Gu , Hongwei Yao , Jieqiong Lin , Yingao Xue , Silin Liu , Yuan Xi , Tianyu Gao , Xinyang Liu
The present study proposes a method of fabricating polarized gratings using piezoelectric-driven vibration-assisted nanoimprinting, aiming to address the challenges associated with high production costs and lengthy fabrication periods in the optical field. The influence of grating surface material and period on polarized efficiency is analyzed through FDTD. Additionally, the impact of vibration frequency and amplitude on the filling rate is examined. The incorporation of one-dimensional transverse vibration characterized by high frequency and low amplitude during the nanoimprinting process can effectively mitigate resistance encountered in the filling stage, enhance the surface quality of polarized gratings, and optimize photoresist infiltration within the template. The vibration parameters suitable for the vibration-assisted nanoimprint method are determined experimentally and under these parameters, the grating's filling rate is enhanced by 11 %. Finally, it is verified by scanning electron microscopy that the polarized gratings prepared through the vibration-assisted nanoimprinting method have good surface morphology, clear diffracted spots under light source irradiation, and good polarization performance. This study demonstrates that vibration-assisted nanoimprinting has unique cost-effectiveness, and the surface properties of the prepared polarized gratings are great, which provides a new method for the preparation of polarized gratings.
{"title":"Preparation of high-quality polarized grating arrays based on glass surfaces by vibration-assisted nanoimprinting","authors":"Yan Gu , Hongwei Yao , Jieqiong Lin , Yingao Xue , Silin Liu , Yuan Xi , Tianyu Gao , Xinyang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study proposes a method of fabricating polarized gratings using piezoelectric-driven vibration-assisted nanoimprinting, aiming to address the challenges associated with high production costs and lengthy fabrication periods in the optical field. The influence of grating surface material and period on polarized efficiency is analyzed through FDTD. Additionally, the impact of vibration frequency and amplitude on the filling rate is examined. The incorporation of one-dimensional transverse vibration characterized by high frequency and low amplitude during the nanoimprinting process can effectively mitigate resistance encountered in the filling stage, enhance the surface quality of polarized gratings, and optimize photoresist infiltration within the template. The vibration parameters suitable for the vibration-assisted nanoimprint method are determined experimentally and under these parameters, the grating's filling rate is enhanced by 11 %. Finally, it is verified by scanning electron microscopy that the polarized gratings prepared through the vibration-assisted nanoimprinting method have good surface morphology, clear diffracted spots under light source irradiation, and good polarization performance. This study demonstrates that vibration-assisted nanoimprinting has unique cost-effectiveness, and the surface properties of the prepared polarized gratings are great, which provides a new method for the preparation of polarized gratings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54589,"journal":{"name":"Precision Engineering-Journal of the International Societies for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 159-174"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-27DOI: 10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.02.026
Genshen Liu , Kaiyang Xia , Zhongwei Li , Yuan-Liu Chen
This paper presents a novel surface roughness prediction model for the single-point diamond turning (SPDT) process which takes into account the relative vibration between the cutting tool and workpiece as well as the material swelling effect. In previous prediction models, the relative vibration between the cutting tool and the workpiece (or the relative tool-work vibration) was commonly measured prior to the machining operation and simplified into a superposition of multiple steady simple harmonic motions, neglecting its variations throughout the machining process and resulting in the loss of significant details. Moreover, few models have simultaneously considered the impact of the relative tool-work vibration and material properties, both of which substantially influence surface roughness. In this study, a signal acquisition system is developed to collect the machine tool internal signals that can accurately reflect the varying vibration states during the cutting process. A dynamic volumetric topography simulation model is established to realize in-process surface generation simulation using the collected internal signals. To consider the influence of material properties, a deep Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network is built to estimate the changes in surface topography caused by the material swelling effect. Experiments are conducted to validate the proposed surface roughness prediction model, and the results demonstrate that it can stably and accurately predict surface roughness with relative prediction errors lower than 10 % for all test experiments. Moreover, the dynamic characteristic of the model also provides the capability for conducting online quality and anomaly monitoring tasks.
{"title":"Prediction of surface roughness in single-point diamond turning by combining machine tool internal signals and deep learning method","authors":"Genshen Liu , Kaiyang Xia , Zhongwei Li , Yuan-Liu Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.02.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.02.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a novel surface roughness prediction model for the single-point diamond turning (SPDT) process which takes into account the relative vibration between the cutting tool and workpiece as well as the material swelling effect. In previous prediction models, the relative vibration between the cutting tool and the workpiece (or the relative tool-work vibration) was commonly measured prior to the machining operation and simplified into a superposition of multiple steady simple harmonic motions, neglecting its variations throughout the machining process and resulting in the loss of significant details. Moreover, few models have simultaneously considered the impact of the relative tool-work vibration and material properties, both of which substantially influence surface roughness. In this study, a signal acquisition system is developed to collect the machine tool internal signals that can accurately reflect the varying vibration states during the cutting process. A dynamic volumetric topography simulation model is established to realize in-process surface generation simulation using the collected internal signals. To consider the influence of material properties, a deep Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network is built to estimate the changes in surface topography caused by the material swelling effect. Experiments are conducted to validate the proposed surface roughness prediction model, and the results demonstrate that it can stably and accurately predict surface roughness with relative prediction errors lower than 10 % for all test experiments. Moreover, the dynamic characteristic of the model also provides the capability for conducting online quality and anomaly monitoring tasks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54589,"journal":{"name":"Precision Engineering-Journal of the International Societies for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 113-129"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143529287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-27DOI: 10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.02.024
Guo-hua Chen , Bo Zhou , Tao Li , Jie Mao , Bo Li , Zhen-xin Fu
In the era of burgeoning intelligent manufacturing, the thermal errors of the integrated drive system in CNC machine tools manifest intricate dynamic traits, including non-linearity, time-variance, and strong coupling. These thermal errors are intricately associated with multiple factors, such as heat source distribution and energy consumption. Traditional thermal error compensation modeling techniques often fail to account for the influence of multiple thermal factors, primarily relying on temperature data obtained from a limited number of thermally sensitive points. To address this gap, the present research introduces a novel bidirectional spatiotemporal network model (IKSM). This model integrates the Improved Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise (ICEEMDAN), Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA), and Strengthened Scalable Crested Porcupine Optimization (SSCPO). At the onset of the research, experiments were carried out using the S5H Intelligent Precision Machining Center provided by Jiangxi Jiashite Company. Temperature, current, power, and thermal error data of the motorized spindle and the linear motor for driving feed under various working conditions were collected. The ICEEMDAN-KPCA approach was subsequently utilized to reduce data dimensionality, thereby facilitating the efficient extraction of essential features. Similarly, the SSCPO algorithm was applied to optimize the parameters of the network model. Through a series of ablation experiments and comparative analyses, the IKSM demonstrated exceptional performance across varying rotational speeds and feed rates. For instance, at a motorized spindle speed of 10,000 rpm, the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) decreased by 62.05 % relative to the basic BIGRU model, while the coefficient of determination (R2) increased by 40.23 %. Furthermore, the SHAP method was employed to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the key influencing factors, yielding effective strategies and innovative approaches for enhancing the accuracy of CNC machine tools.
{"title":"Research on thermal error compensation modeling for the machine tool integrated drive system based on energy consumption big data and an optimized bidirectional network","authors":"Guo-hua Chen , Bo Zhou , Tao Li , Jie Mao , Bo Li , Zhen-xin Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.02.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.02.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the era of burgeoning intelligent manufacturing, the thermal errors of the integrated drive system in CNC machine tools manifest intricate dynamic traits, including non-linearity, time-variance, and strong coupling. These thermal errors are intricately associated with multiple factors, such as heat source distribution and energy consumption. Traditional thermal error compensation modeling techniques often fail to account for the influence of multiple thermal factors, primarily relying on temperature data obtained from a limited number of thermally sensitive points. To address this gap, the present research introduces a novel bidirectional spatiotemporal network model (IKSM). This model integrates the Improved Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise (ICEEMDAN), Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA), and Strengthened Scalable Crested Porcupine Optimization (SSCPO). At the onset of the research, experiments were carried out using the S5H Intelligent Precision Machining Center provided by Jiangxi Jiashite Company. Temperature, current, power, and thermal error data of the motorized spindle and the linear motor for driving feed under various working conditions were collected. The ICEEMDAN-KPCA approach was subsequently utilized to reduce data dimensionality, thereby facilitating the efficient extraction of essential features. Similarly, the SSCPO algorithm was applied to optimize the parameters of the network model. Through a series of ablation experiments and comparative analyses, the IKSM demonstrated exceptional performance across varying rotational speeds and feed rates. For instance, at a motorized spindle speed of 10,000 rpm, the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) decreased by 62.05 % relative to the basic BIGRU model, while the coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) increased by 40.23 %. Furthermore, the SHAP method was employed to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the key influencing factors, yielding effective strategies and innovative approaches for enhancing the accuracy of CNC machine tools.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54589,"journal":{"name":"Precision Engineering-Journal of the International Societies for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 91-112"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143529285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Piezoelectric stick-slip actuator is a kind of cross-scale precision positioning platform with millimeter-level motion stroke and nano-level positioning accuracy. It has been successfully applied in many fields such as biology, optics, precision positioning and robotics. However, there are still few comprehensive and systematic reviews of stick-slip actuators. Therefore, this paper gives a comprehensive review of recent research on stick-slip actuators. In this paper, the driving method, structure design, modeling and control, practical application of stick-slip actuator are reviewed. Finally, a summary is concluded and the future development perspectives of stick-slip actuators are discussed. This review contributes to giving a comprehensive understanding of the stick-slip actuators. It also provides guidance on designing new stick-slip actuators for improving their mechanical output performances.
{"title":"A review of recent studies on piezoelectric stick-slip actuators","authors":"BoWen Zhong, Zhan Liao, HongZeng Hu, ShiLin Liu, CuiGang He, LiNing Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.02.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.02.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Piezoelectric stick-slip actuator is a kind of cross-scale precision positioning platform with millimeter-level motion stroke and nano-level positioning accuracy. It has been successfully applied in many fields such as biology, optics, precision positioning and robotics. However, there are still few comprehensive and systematic reviews of stick-slip actuators. Therefore, this paper gives a comprehensive review of recent research on stick-slip actuators. In this paper, the driving method, structure design, modeling and control, practical application of stick-slip actuator are reviewed. Finally, a summary is concluded and the future development perspectives of stick-slip actuators are discussed. This review contributes to giving a comprehensive understanding of the stick-slip actuators. It also provides guidance on designing new stick-slip actuators for improving their mechanical output performances.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54589,"journal":{"name":"Precision Engineering-Journal of the International Societies for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 175-190"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-26DOI: 10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.02.021
Jianxing Wu , Huaichao Wu , Xu Huang , Lv Yang , Fang Lu
In order to realize the integration of M50 bearing raceway electrochemical machining and electrolytic in-process dressing (ELID) grinding, it is necessary to explore a dual-purpose electrolyte suitable for M50 electrochemical machining and electrolytic dressing of grinding wheel. Therefore, the paper searched for the electrolyte compositions suitable for M50 electrochemical machining and electrolytic dressing of grinding wheel were determined via electrochemical basic experiments. Then, the uniform design method was used for relevant electrolytic experiments. According to the experimental results, the optimal ratio of electrolyte composition was determined to be 17.935 % NaNO3+12.528 % NaClO3 by using multi-objective optimization theory. Through XPS test, it was found that the electrolysis products of M50 under the action of the above electrolyte were mainly metal (Fe, Cr, Mo) oxides and hydroxyl compounds. Meanwhile, the electrolytic products would form a passivation film on the surface of M50. Through the nanoindentation test, it was found that the hardness of the passivation film was 95.150 HV and the elastic modulus was 75.650 GPa, which were 11.487 % and 36.524 % of the M50 matrix, respectively, which effectively reduces the processing difficulty of M50. Finally, the M50 bearing raceway was compositely processed by electrochemical machining and ELID grinding, it was found that the processing efficiency and surface roughness were significantly improved compared with ordinary grinding.
{"title":"Investigation on dual-purpose electrolyte of electrolytic machining of M50 aviation bearing raceway and electrolytic in-process dressing of grinding wheel","authors":"Jianxing Wu , Huaichao Wu , Xu Huang , Lv Yang , Fang Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.02.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.02.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to realize the integration of M50 bearing raceway electrochemical machining and electrolytic in-process dressing (ELID) grinding, it is necessary to explore a dual-purpose electrolyte suitable for M50 electrochemical machining and electrolytic dressing of grinding wheel. Therefore, the paper searched for the electrolyte compositions suitable for M50 electrochemical machining and electrolytic dressing of grinding wheel were determined via electrochemical basic experiments. Then, the uniform design method was used for relevant electrolytic experiments. According to the experimental results, the optimal ratio of electrolyte composition was determined to be 17.935 % NaNO<sub>3</sub>+12.528 % NaClO<sub>3</sub> by using multi-objective optimization theory. Through XPS test, it was found that the electrolysis products of M50 under the action of the above electrolyte were mainly metal (Fe, Cr, Mo) oxides and hydroxyl compounds. Meanwhile, the electrolytic products would form a passivation film on the surface of M50. Through the nanoindentation test, it was found that the hardness of the passivation film was 95.150 HV and the elastic modulus was 75.650 GPa, which were 11.487 % and 36.524 % of the M50 matrix, respectively, which effectively reduces the processing difficulty of M50. Finally, the M50 bearing raceway was compositely processed by electrochemical machining and ELID grinding, it was found that the processing efficiency and surface roughness were significantly improved compared with ordinary grinding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54589,"journal":{"name":"Precision Engineering-Journal of the International Societies for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 130-148"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-26DOI: 10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.02.025
Rongjun Cheng , Hebang Jian , Yu Li , Qiangxian Huang , Liansheng Zhang , Hongli Li
To realize an accurate and rapid evaluation of cylindricity error, a novel minimum zone algorithm based on rotation projection method and adaptive particle swarm optimisation (RPM–APSO) is proposed. The principle of this method is to firstly transform the three-dimensional cylindrical coordinates into two-dimensional circular coordinates via rotation and projection, and then calculate the minimum zone roundness error that is equivalent to the minimum zone cylindricity error. APSO algorithm is adopted twice to determine the optimal rotation angles and accurate roundness error of the projected coordinates respectively. Owing to the dimensionality reduction, the calculation difficulty is reduced and the computational efficiency is substantially improved. The effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed algorithm are verified by constructing two groups of cylindrical simulation datasets. Compared with other five intelligent optimisation algorithms and the results of the published literature, the RPM–APSO algorithm is proved to be superior in terms of computational accuracy and convergence speed, which can provide an accurate, efficient and reliable method for the cylindricity error evaluation of micro-nano coordinate measuring machine.
{"title":"A novel minimum zone method for cylindricity error evaluation based on rotation projection method and adaptive particle swarm optimisation","authors":"Rongjun Cheng , Hebang Jian , Yu Li , Qiangxian Huang , Liansheng Zhang , Hongli Li","doi":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.02.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.02.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To realize an accurate and rapid evaluation of cylindricity error, a novel minimum zone algorithm based on rotation projection method and adaptive particle swarm optimisation (RPM–APSO) is proposed. The principle of this method is to firstly transform the three-dimensional cylindrical coordinates into two-dimensional circular coordinates via rotation and projection, and then calculate the minimum zone roundness error that is equivalent to the minimum zone cylindricity error. APSO algorithm is adopted twice to determine the optimal rotation angles and accurate roundness error of the projected coordinates respectively. Owing to the dimensionality reduction, the calculation difficulty is reduced and the computational efficiency is substantially improved. The effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed algorithm are verified by constructing two groups of cylindrical simulation datasets. Compared with other five intelligent optimisation algorithms and the results of the published literature, the RPM–APSO algorithm is proved to be superior in terms of computational accuracy and convergence speed, which can provide an accurate, efficient and reliable method for the cylindricity error evaluation of micro-nano coordinate measuring machine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54589,"journal":{"name":"Precision Engineering-Journal of the International Societies for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 149-158"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-25DOI: 10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.02.020
Wenbin Huang , Yufei Gao , Guanzheng Li , Zhenyu Shi
Electroplated diamond wire (EDW), a primary cutting tool for hard and brittle materials such as monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, and sapphire, demonstrates processing efficiency and quality that are directly influenced by its surface abrasive distribution density. While computer vision-based methods have been proposed for efficient abrasive detection, current approaches exhibit limited accuracy in handling complex scenarios involving small abrasive sizes, dense distributions, and occlusions. This study introduces YOLO-EDW, an enhanced YOLOv8-based object detection model that utilizes EDW scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. The proposed model significantly enhances detection accuracy for small, densely distributed, and occluded abrasives through the integration of four key components: the Separation Enhanced Attention Module (SEAM), Spatial Depth Convolution Module (SPD-Conv), Optimized Object Detection Layer, and Wise-IoU Loss Function. Experimental results on the EDW-SEM dataset demonstrate that YOLO-EDW achieves improvements of 6.61 % and 7.16 % in mAP50 and mAP50:95 metrics, respectively, compared to the original YOLOv8. Compared with eight mainstream models such as FCOS-nas, YOLOF, and Faster-RCNN, YOLO-EDW shows excellent performance in dealing with abrasive densities and occlusions. This study achieves precise identification of abrasive distribution features, enabling efficient quantification of effective abrasives along the EDW's semicircular circumference and establishing a robust foundation for accurate abrasive density calculations.
{"title":"Detection model of electroplated diamond wire surface abrasive distribution characteristics based on YOLO-EDW","authors":"Wenbin Huang , Yufei Gao , Guanzheng Li , Zhenyu Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.02.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.02.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electroplated diamond wire (EDW), a primary cutting tool for hard and brittle materials such as monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, and sapphire, demonstrates processing efficiency and quality that are directly influenced by its surface abrasive distribution density. While computer vision-based methods have been proposed for efficient abrasive detection, current approaches exhibit limited accuracy in handling complex scenarios involving small abrasive sizes, dense distributions, and occlusions. This study introduces YOLO-EDW, an enhanced YOLOv8-based object detection model that utilizes EDW scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. The proposed model significantly enhances detection accuracy for small, densely distributed, and occluded abrasives through the integration of four key components: the Separation Enhanced Attention Module (SEAM), Spatial Depth Convolution Module (SPD-Conv), Optimized Object Detection Layer, and Wise-IoU Loss Function. Experimental results on the EDW-SEM dataset demonstrate that YOLO-EDW achieves improvements of 6.61 % and 7.16 % in mAP50 and mAP50:95 metrics, respectively, compared to the original YOLOv8. Compared with eight mainstream models such as FCOS-nas, YOLOF, and Faster-RCNN, YOLO-EDW shows excellent performance in dealing with abrasive densities and occlusions. This study achieves precise identification of abrasive distribution features, enabling efficient quantification of effective abrasives along the EDW's semicircular circumference and establishing a robust foundation for accurate abrasive density calculations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54589,"journal":{"name":"Precision Engineering-Journal of the International Societies for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 67-79"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143510994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-21DOI: 10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.02.017
Maciej Gruza , Piotr Gąska , Wiktor Harmatys , Adam Gąska
The paper presents a method for determining systematic errors and variability in the readings of a laser interferometer used in laser tracking systems. The method utilizes standalone interferometers treated as references and a large-scale CMM as a system for moving the measurement point, allowing continuous measurement up to a maximum distance of 15 m. Both interferometers use the same corner cube reflector and remain stationary during measurements. The concept and assumptions of the developed method are described as well as key technical issues and their solutions. The research setup, characteristics of the tested and reference systems and the research methodology together with the measurement strategy, are presented. Results obtained with the developed methodology can be used as input data to the simulation model of the laser tracker measuring unit. This model can be used to estimate the length measurement uncertainty after a single measurement of the assessed distance. This paper presents uncertainties obtained by means of the simulation and compares them with ones estimated using statistical analysis of a series of measurements. The conducted validation proved the metrological consistency of the results with uncertainties associated to them for both considered methods. Advantages of the presented method over previously developed methods were also shown. They include faster and simpler adjustment of the tested and reference systems, the general availability of the systems used for moving a measuring mirror (corner cube reflector), use of a single corner cube reflector for both laser systems, making the measurement results independent of the influence of translation and rotation errors of the guide/system responsible for moving the corner cube reflector and considerable reduction of the impact of environmental conditions on the obtained results.
{"title":"New method for testing the laser tracker length measuring unit using a large-scale horizontal arm CMM and its application for assessing the accuracy of distance measurements","authors":"Maciej Gruza , Piotr Gąska , Wiktor Harmatys , Adam Gąska","doi":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.02.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.02.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper presents a method for determining systematic errors and variability in the readings of a laser interferometer used in laser tracking systems. The method utilizes standalone interferometers treated as references and a large-scale CMM as a system for moving the measurement point, allowing continuous measurement up to a maximum distance of 15 m. Both interferometers use the same corner cube reflector and remain stationary during measurements. The concept and assumptions of the developed method are described as well as key technical issues and their solutions. The research setup, characteristics of the tested and reference systems and the research methodology together with the measurement strategy, are presented. Results obtained with the developed methodology can be used as input data to the simulation model of the laser tracker measuring unit. This model can be used to estimate the length measurement uncertainty after a single measurement of the assessed distance. This paper presents uncertainties obtained by means of the simulation and compares them with ones estimated using statistical analysis of a series of measurements. The conducted validation proved the metrological consistency of the results with uncertainties associated to them for both considered methods. Advantages of the presented method over previously developed methods were also shown. They include faster and simpler adjustment of the tested and reference systems, the general availability of the systems used for moving a measuring mirror (corner cube reflector), use of a single corner cube reflector for both laser systems, making the measurement results independent of the influence of translation and rotation errors of the guide/system responsible for moving the corner cube reflector and considerable reduction of the impact of environmental conditions on the obtained results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54589,"journal":{"name":"Precision Engineering-Journal of the International Societies for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 54-66"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143508236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-20DOI: 10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.02.015
Xiaogang Zhang , Wei Chen , Hongwei Wang , Wan Zhang , Zongyi Mu , Jian Li , Zizhen Ding
The worm gear turntable is a crucial rotary indexing component for machining sculptured surfaces and plays a vital role in modern precision manufacturing. However, the limited availability of data during the design phase and the challenges posed by multi-source uncertainties in complex mechanical structures hinder the effectiveness of traditional physics-based precision reliability studies. To address these issues, this paper proposes a novel physics-driven precision reliability prediction model for worm gear turntables, accounting for multiple random and time-variant errors. Firstly, the accumulation process of initial random errors is explored using the meta-action method, and a precision model is constructed to estimate the initial condition of the worm gear turntable. Next, the mechanism by which time-variant factors reduce precision reliability is explained. Specifically, wear errors, derived from a wear model, and thermal errors, obtained through a numerical model, are incorporated into the precision model to establish a comprehensive precision reliability prediction framework. Finally, a precision reliability experiment is conducted to generate a test dataset for validation. A comparison of theoretical predictions and experimental results demonstrates the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed approach.
{"title":"Physics-driven precision reliability prediction modelling for the condition estimation of worm gear turntable","authors":"Xiaogang Zhang , Wei Chen , Hongwei Wang , Wan Zhang , Zongyi Mu , Jian Li , Zizhen Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.02.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.02.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The worm gear turntable is a crucial rotary indexing component for machining sculptured surfaces and plays a vital role in modern precision manufacturing. However, the limited availability of data during the design phase and the challenges posed by multi-source uncertainties in complex mechanical structures hinder the effectiveness of traditional physics-based precision reliability studies. To address these issues, this paper proposes a novel physics-driven precision reliability prediction model for worm gear turntables, accounting for multiple random and time-variant errors. Firstly, the accumulation process of initial random errors is explored using the meta-action method, and a precision model is constructed to estimate the initial condition of the worm gear turntable. Next, the mechanism by which time-variant factors reduce precision reliability is explained. Specifically, wear errors, derived from a wear model, and thermal errors, obtained through a numerical model, are incorporated into the precision model to establish a comprehensive precision reliability prediction framework. Finally, a precision reliability experiment is conducted to generate a test dataset for validation. A comparison of theoretical predictions and experimental results demonstrates the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54589,"journal":{"name":"Precision Engineering-Journal of the International Societies for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 43-53"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143508383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-19DOI: 10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.02.016
Seong Hun Ji , Tae Hwan Ko , Jongcheon Yoon , Seung Hwan Lee , Hyub Lee
During the blown powder directed energy deposition (DED) process, optimizing key parameters such as laser power, travel speed, and powder feed rate is crucial for maintaining process stability. However, these conditions often require real-time adjustments due to thermal accumulation and excessive cooling over prolonged operations. To achieve this, accurately predicting bead geometry through real-time monitoring is essential. This study presents a coaxial melt pool monitoring approach that integrates a two-color pyrometer and a CMOS vision camera on the deposition head, enabling the simultaneous acquisition of temperature and image data. This configuration provides a comprehensive understanding of melt pool dynamics, improving predictive performance in bead geometry estimation. Given that precise bead geometry prediction (i.e., width, height, and depth) is critical for ensuring deposition quality and final component performance, we propose a hybrid CNN regression model that combines 1D CNN-based temporal analysis with 2D CNN-based spatial feature extraction. The proposed model outperforms both unimodal CNNs and conventional regression models, achieving high R2 values of 0.988, 0.970, and 0.978 for bead width, height, and depth, respectively, with notably low RMSE values. This multi-modal data-driven hybrid model demonstrates strong potential for advancing real-time melt pool monitoring in DED, contributing to improved process stability and part quality.
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