Pratiques Psychologiques最新文献

Introduction

Objectives

Method

Results

Conclusion

Introduction

In psycho-oncology, research into the affective dynamics and regulation is still scarce. Consequently, the first aim of this study is to carry out a state of works on affective dynamics using experience sampling method in cancer patients through a narrative review of the literature. Then, its second objective is to enable researchers and psychologist to implement this method with cancer patients, by proposing recommendations.

Results

Our narrative review (n = 6) highlights significant affective variations throughout the day in cancer patients, thus intra-individual relationships between affects and other variables such as fatigue. However, it is important to note that the studies reviewed present heterogeneous protocols, and that none of them targets affective dynamics and their relationships with regulatory processes. The second part of the results is based on the studies reviewed, and includes recommendation for conducting studies using experience sampling method.

Conclusion

Our narrative review highlights the value of developing studies based on experience sampling method from cancer patients. The use of this method, within the rigorous framework established, would make it possible to obtain valid indices of affective dynamics that would provide a better understanding of affective regulation to cope illness in ecological environment.

Objective and background

Adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer is a difficult and complex experience, which has major and ongoing consequences for the family and its functioning. In this context, the family need change its usual functioning to cope with the disease and its treatments. The aim of this study is to describe the interactions between the young patient and the family members – parents and siblings – in order to understand the impact of cancer on his/her family system and its functioning.

Method

We conducted a qualitative study, with individual research interviews with AYAs, mothers, fathers and siblings. The interviews (AJA = 13; parents = 11; siblings = 2) were subjected to thematic analysis.

Results

Ten major themes with sub-themes for AYAs, 10 major themes with sub-themes for parents and 6 major themes with sub-themes for siblings were identified. The results show that the patient AYA, transitioning from childhood to adulthood, can easily regress to childhood positions, becoming dependent on his family (parents and siblings), for daily care. Relatives also tend to promote this dependency by providing care for the young patient. The interactions, which develop in the family, tend to push him into a regressive functioning in order to maintain his psychological and physical survival.

Conclusion

The regressive functioning helps families to cope with cancer, and as a result the evolution of family bonds are postpone. More family-centered support is needed, focusing on the specific needs of AYAs, particularly in terms of individuation and autonomization.

Context

Young adult carers are individuals between the ages of 18 and 25 who regularly provide support or assistance to a relative with an illness or disability, representing a specific and understudied population. Emotional support, frequently provided by these individuals, can be challenging due to the psychological and emotional investment it requires. Currently, emotional support is difficult to define and measure, as evidenced by the limited existing tools.

Objective

This study aims to explore the characteristics of emotional support provided by young adult carers.

Method

Thirteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with young adult caregivers, and a thematic analysis was performed.

Results

The results show that emotional support manifests in multiple actions: suggesting activities, being present, offering emotional protection, assisting the relative in regulating their emotions, and being a privileged interlocutor for the relative. They also show that providing emotional support can have impacts on the well-being of these youth.

Conclusion

These findings offer a better understanding of the emotional support provided by young adult caregivers and emphasize the need to consider them for clinical settings. For research purposes, these results could also contribute to improving evaluation tools for caregiving activities by incorporating aspects of emotional support more precisely and comprehensively.

This study investigates behaviors related to maintaining or interrupting the bond between incarcerated fathers and their child(ren), based on their narratives. To shed light on this analysis, we employed the “ethogenic” theoretical framework, which aims to elucidate culturally shared norms and goals that guide behaviors. In this context, 13 incarcerated fathers were interviewed as part of a parenting support program regarding their relationship with their children since their incarceration. The collected narratives distinguish between the logics of actions favoring the maintenance of this bond (the desire to “preserve their identity as a father”, to continue “meeting their child's emotional needs”, and to “cope with the prison conditions”) versus the logics of actions leading to the interruption of this bond (the desire to “preserve their paternal image”, to “shield their child from the reality of the prison environment”, to “preserve family resources”, and to “focus on their adaptation process to this environment”). In general, this research has highlighted action dynamics that may impede bond maintenance, dynamics that can be addressed within the prison setting through parenting support initiatives. Numerous studies emphasize the positive effects of such initiatives, including inmate rehabilitation and recidivism prevention.

Introduction

Psychotherapy with traumatized people presents huge challenges for therapists that put them at risk for severe deleterious effects such as vicarious traumatization. Supervision is generally recommended to help them cope with these challenges and to prevent harmful effects for them and for their patients. However, few studies have investigated the specificities that would allow psychodynamic supervision of psychotherapy with traumatized people to achieve these aims.

Objective

This study sought to identify the distinctive features of this type of supervision and its potential protective effects.

Method

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six highly experienced supervisors in that field (M = 25,8 ± 7,2 years).

Results

A thematic analysis of the interviews suggests that the distinctive features of supervision derive directly from the particularities of patients’ traumatic functioning, i.e. their interpersonal rapport marked by hostility, and the horrific nature of the stories they tell. Supervisors thus identified as central to their work with their supervisees: paying close attention to the effects of trauma therapy on the supervisee; supporting the analysis of countertransference; distinguishing between supervising and treating the supervisee; encouraging personal therapy for the supervisee; and supporting their supervisee's clinical stance. They suggest that the supervisor's continuous concern for the supervisee's state could act as a protective factor, though ideally in conjunction with adjustments to the latter's professional and personal life.

Discussion

Expanding on the results, we offer recommendations in the hope of better preparing supervisors and supervisees for this type of clinical work.

Introduction and purpose of the study

Interventions based on mindfulness propose to children to become aware of their thoughts, emotions and sensations from the perspective of observing and accepting their experience of the present moment. The aim of this interdisciplinary and collaborative research is to analyze a mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) intended for children in vulnerable contexts and to study its practices and appropriation by both professionals and children.

Method

The first step was to offer a three-day mindfulness training to professionals in a healthcare community center. They were then able to deliver a program called “the Dr Zen Workshops”. Six children participated in 6 weekly sessions. Observations using a logbook were collected. Then, semi-directive research interviews were conducted with the children and their parents, and also with the professionals, in order to record their experiences and to analyze the methods of appropriation of the content.

Results

A thematic content analysis was completed and complemented by observations from the logbook. The results illustrate the practice of mindfulness and the modes of appropriation by children and professionals. The results show that, despite institutional and temporal limitations and the children's issues, the professionals took on the content successfully and the children got involved in the program.

Discussion and conclusion

In France, only a few mindfulness-based interventions have been implemented for children in vulnerable contexts. This research shows the feasibility and effectiveness of such interventions thanks to close collaboration with involved professionals. Thus, it encourages further research with this specific population.

The conception of memory as structurally and functionally different multiple systems is largely dominant in clinical neuropsychology at least in France. In addition to the focus on the structure of memory or its components, we suggest that it would be clinically more relevant for psychologists to also consider in conjunction a functional and processes-based approach to memory. Despite longstanding disagreement in the literature between these approaches, we encourage psychologists to perceive each memory conception as proposing different levels of explanation and therefore focusing on complementary questions; how is the patient's memory: efficient or impaired, relying more on a structural analysis or why it works this way, based on process identification. The present article proposes a reflection in favor of a theoretical realignment in the assessment and remediation of memory in clinical neuropsychology. It suggest that the structural and functional approaches to memory can coexist in parallel in clinical neuropsychology, advocating the freedom of the clinician to rely on one or the other approach depending on the level of explanation sought, the question asked or the therapeutic goals.

Introduction

The development of alcohol-focused assessment tools is crucial for assessment and intervention purposes. The Short Alcohol Dependence Data questionnaire and the Short Inventory of Problem – Revised respectively measure a symptomology of alcohol dependence and of repercussions of alcohol consumption (i.e., physicals, interpersonals, intrapersonals, impulses control, social responsibilities).

Objective

This study aimed to validate these questionnaires in French.

Methods

Four hundred and four participants (Mean age = 31,6, SD = 11; 54,7% of females) were recruited online and completed the French versions of the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (10 items), the Short Alcohol Dependence Data questionnaire (15 items) and the Short Inventory of Problem – Revised (17 items). Of these, 324 completed the Short Alcohol Dependence Data questionnaire and the Short Inventory of Problem – Revised two weeks later.

Results

Results have showed that the Short Alcohol Dependence Data questionnaire and the Short Inventory of Problem – Revised had satisfactory internal validity, test-retest reliability, concurrent validity, and discriminant validity.

Conclusion

The French versions of the Short Alcohol Dependence Data questionnaire and the Short Inventory of Problem – Revised seem suitable for evaluating respectively a symptomatology of alcohol dependence and of repercussions of alcohol consumption. The French validation of these questionnaires has strong clinical (e.g., encouraging change in consumption) and research implications in psychological practices (e.g., improving assessment of intervention effectiveness).