Pratiques Psychologiques最新文献

Objectives

People with disabilities and neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autistic people, often face unemployment or underemployment. This can be partly explained by their difficulties in social situations and in particular in the use of social skills. Obtaining and keeping a job has an important influence on the quality of life of individuals, which is why it is necessary to look at the possibilities of training these social skills.

Methods

The objective of this review is to examine the different methods of social skills training and to take into account the rise of new technologies in this type of intervention.

Results

There are different methods to train social skills such as social stories, social scripts or video modeling. Some of these methods can be adapted specifically to the work environment. The development of new technologies represents a real opportunity by proposing more personalised and accessible interventions in people's daily lives, for example, through the use of digital tools such as tablets or virtual reality.

Conclusion

Helping people with disabilities find and keep a job is an important societal issue. The characteristics of the work environment increase the specific challenges of people with neurodevelopmental disorders in the sphere of social interactions. Providing social skills training to workers with disabilities is important to facilitate their integration. The use of new technologies can help to personalise even more the care of these people.

This paper provides a review of the literature on the nature, use and clinical effectiveness of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for the treatment of patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We first describe MDMA, highlighting its pharmacological properties and psychological effects, followed by historical informations on its synthesis and early therapeutic uses. We will then analyse the phase III clinical study, as well as the long-term clinical evaluations of the therapy. The results show that MDMA-assisted therapy is highly effective in treating PTSD. A phase III study showed that in a 90-participant sample, 67% of participants no longer met the diagnostic criteria for PTSD after therapy, and that 88% of participants had a statistically significant reduction in their symptoms. MDMA acts mainly at the level of emotions and social interactions, and it helps the patient to feel confident with his therapists while encouraging the expression of emotions. MDMA facilitates access to traumatic memories where, under normal circumstances, the emotional charge exceeds the subject's capacity for integration and symbolisation. In this new transitory state, the patient, supported by the presence of two therapists, can then revisit his or her traumatic experiences in order to process them with classic therapeutic tools. MDMA-assisted psychotherapy is an innovative approach that can be extended far beyond the treatment of PTSD. It is part of the rapidly developing field of psychedelic-assisted therapies, the specificity of which is a one-time intake of a substance that differs from the prolonged use of molecules with therapeutic properties in psychiatry.

Introduction and objective

The aim of this research is to study the perception of the quality of work life of fashion and luxury workers, particularly female workers in the garment industry.

Method

A qualitative study was conducted with a sample size of seventeen volunteers working in garment, fashion and luxury workshops in the Pays-de-la-Loire region of France. Semi-structured interviews were carried out to collect a corpus of data that was analyzed using lexicometric analysis. A descending hierarchical classification (DHC) was conducted on the whole corpus, as well as a factorial correspondence analysis (FCA) using the IRaMuTeQ software.

Results

The results show that the discourse is organized according to six thematic classes: work communication, job representation and recognition, workstation and physic health, temporality, affects and activity, mutual aid and work organization, and work environment outside the activity.

Conclusion

The results reveal a group of organizational, social, technical and environmental factors associated with a set of affects (both positively and negatively valenced) related to the quality of work life (QWL) of these female employees.

Introduction

This study examines the impact of Ateliers et Chantiers d’Insertion (ACI) on the development of psychological resources that support reemployment.

Objectives

The study has two objectives: first, to test the effect of ACI on key variables related to return to/maintenance in employment, such as self-efficacy, psychological distress, and basic need satisfaction; and second, to determine which form of support, autonomy support or control, is best suited for ACI employees.

Method

The study surveyed 109 employees from different ACIs in Côte-d’Or to assess their perceptions of support style and the presence of psychological resources that support reemployment/maintenance in employment. It was expected that (1) the employees would declare more psychological resources at the time they took this survey, compared to before passing into the ACI, and (2) that the perception of support that promotes autonomy would be associated with these same psychological resources.

Results

The results show that employees reported greater psychological resources at the time of the survey compared to before joining ACI, and that a perception of support that promotes autonomy is associated with these same resources.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that ACIs have a positive impact in helping employees return to or remain in employment, and that autonomy support is effective in developing these resources. The study provides recommendations for professionals in the field on how to promote autonomy in ACIs.

Background

Existential therapies are a range of psychotherapies inspired by existential and phenomenological philosophers. Although relatively little empirical research was conducted on their therapeutic model and outcomes in the early days, a substantial body of research has evolved.

Aim

This article aims to give an overview of the empirical literature on existential therapies. This article will be divided into four parts: empirical research on existential practices, key concepts, critical therapeutic competences, and outcomes of existential therapies.

Method

This article will review findings from previous systematic literature reviews and meta-analyses.

Findings

The etiological model in many existential therapies seems to focus on how individuals may limit the totality of their subjective experiences. Ignoring or denying a part of the totality of their experiences limits their opportunities to live a meaningful, fulfilling and mentally healthy life and cope in beneficial ways with life's inevitable limitations and challenges. Their clinical concerns may include existential moods, detailed questions, or crises about life, meaning, identity or spirituality. Existential therapists may help via several evidence-based competencies: phenomenological and experiential skills, relational skills, explicating existential themes and processes, school-specific and meta-competences. Meta-analyses show that some existential therapies (particularly meaning-centred therapies) have large positive effects on psychological and physical well-being and overall quality-of-life.

Discussion

A large body of empirical literature supports the key therapeutic existential concepts, competences, and outcomes. The discussion compares this literature with other therapies, showing that existential therapies have similarly strong empirical support. These findings indicate that existential therapies are bona fide therapies that may be considered for funding by health insurance and health services. Therapists and training institutes should focus on these evidence-based existential components.

Spirituality is a theme often evoked in existential psychology, it is also a complex and ambiguous term. We have developed the concept of implicit spirituality, that is to say that we approach spirituality whether it is religious or non-religious (areligious) without naming it. We work only from the dimensions that constitute it. It is through our professional practice that the concept of “implicit spirituality” has taken shape. Consequently, in this article we present the validation of a scale of implicit spirituality.

The questions of the meaning of School and teaching–learning have been raised in France during fundamental transformations of the education system [school massification and democratization, introduction of information and communication technologies for education (ICTE)], linked to profound societal changes (socioeconomic changes, emergence of a youth culture). They concern both students and all education actors whose benchmarks have been shaken. Problems have emerged thanks to the evolution of research on action theories. They were interested in the intentionality of the actors as well as in the purpose of situated and instrumented actions. We wonder about the role of novelty, innovation as a test of meaning for a subject related to the school question. We rely on a literature review to address this question by specifying what we mean by School, based on the concept of school form. We propose to articulate it with the concept of meaning, within the framework of a psychosocial approach by thinking of the meaning of the School as a system of meanings (subjective, socio-anthropological, axiological, rational). The main function of meaning is to ensure the mobilization of the subject, its maintenance, and the conditions for its coherence. The challenge of our research is to participate in the construction of a model allowing to accompany the subject towards the awareness of the elements at stake and the forces at work. It requires coordination with other disciplines to complete and refine it.

Introduction

As part of an academic research, we are interested in how do Algerian nurses deal with their care work experience and its impacts on their relationship with patients through the study of the mechanisms mobilized by these professionals.

Method and results

We have conducted semi-structured interviews that revealed reasons for job dissatisfaction related to working conditions, relationship conflicts, therapeutic failure, patient death and lack of recognition. Job satisfaction was linked to the success of the therapy and to the satisfaction/recognition of the patient and his “prayers”; thus, for caregivers the satisfaction of the patient and his “prayers” allowed them to get closer to the divine, a kind of “a divine rapprochement/benefit”, “a protection for them and their family”, they argued thus by insisting on the role of the patient and caring in the Muslim religion.

Discussion

According to the religious texts discussed, the patient is given a “sacred status” since he or she is closed to God. When experiencing patients suffering, or even their distress, these professionals will transpose the sacred into the act of care taking and bind themselves to a higher power to deal with this painful experience, death and finitude. The meaning found through religion/spirituality would thus allow caregivers to find a psychological appeasement and stability and to face existential questions related to their work.

Conclusion

Dealing with existential distress, “religious/spiritual” responses, which originate in the social imagination, allow caregivers to transcend the painful reality, the absurdity and incoherence of daily life and “find meaning”, which is assimilated by several authors to “sublimation”.

This contribution is based on a research-intervention contracted by a team of researchers in social psychology with a local authority. It focuses on the support of public sector workers, declared medically inapt to occupy their current position, during the transition that is redeployment period. The contributions of two theoretical approaches allowing to understand this question are first crossed: existential psychology relative to the life-span career counseling on the one hand, and psychology of the socialization, underlied by the activities of personalization mobilized in the construction of meaning on the other hand. Secondly, these approaches are discussed in the light of the experience of support workshops developed and implemented in the field of this research. These workshops, organized in four sessions, aim to help participants to objectify the questions inherent in this professional transition and to give meaning to their life course and their experience of the situation. The exchanges made it possible for the participants to share views on issues such as the situation of inaptitude, their relationships to work or the redeployment package itself. These workshops give evidence of the possibility of supporting subjects, concerned by ruptures in their life, towards the development of a capacity to act and to transform their environment and highlight the psychosocial effects of a support designed as a social support for the change of professional activities.