Pratiques Psychologiques最新文献

Introduction

Psychotherapy with traumatized people presents huge challenges for therapists that put them at risk for severe deleterious effects such as vicarious traumatization. Supervision is generally recommended to help them cope with these challenges and to prevent harmful effects for them and for their patients. However, few studies have investigated the specificities that would allow psychodynamic supervision of psychotherapy with traumatized people to achieve these aims.

Objective

This study sought to identify the distinctive features of this type of supervision and its potential protective effects.

Method

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six highly experienced supervisors in that field (M = 25,8 ± 7,2 years).

Results

A thematic analysis of the interviews suggests that the distinctive features of supervision derive directly from the particularities of patients’ traumatic functioning, i.e. their interpersonal rapport marked by hostility, and the horrific nature of the stories they tell. Supervisors thus identified as central to their work with their supervisees: paying close attention to the effects of trauma therapy on the supervisee; supporting the analysis of countertransference; distinguishing between supervising and treating the supervisee; encouraging personal therapy for the supervisee; and supporting their supervisee's clinical stance. They suggest that the supervisor's continuous concern for the supervisee's state could act as a protective factor, though ideally in conjunction with adjustments to the latter's professional and personal life.

Discussion

Expanding on the results, we offer recommendations in the hope of better preparing supervisors and supervisees for this type of clinical work.

The conception of memory as structurally and functionally different multiple systems is largely dominant in clinical neuropsychology at least in France. In addition to the focus on the structure of memory or its components, we suggest that it would be clinically more relevant for psychologists to also consider in conjunction a functional and processes-based approach to memory. Despite longstanding disagreement in the literature between these approaches, we encourage psychologists to perceive each memory conception as proposing different levels of explanation and therefore focusing on complementary questions; how is the patient's memory: efficient or impaired, relying more on a structural analysis or why it works this way, based on process identification. The present article proposes a reflection in favor of a theoretical realignment in the assessment and remediation of memory in clinical neuropsychology. It suggest that the structural and functional approaches to memory can coexist in parallel in clinical neuropsychology, advocating the freedom of the clinician to rely on one or the other approach depending on the level of explanation sought, the question asked or the therapeutic goals.

Introduction

The development of alcohol-focused assessment tools is crucial for assessment and intervention purposes. The Short Alcohol Dependence Data questionnaire and the Short Inventory of Problem – Revised respectively measure a symptomology of alcohol dependence and of repercussions of alcohol consumption (i.e., physicals, interpersonals, intrapersonals, impulses control, social responsibilities).

Objective

This study aimed to validate these questionnaires in French.

Methods

Four hundred and four participants (Mean age = 31,6, SD = 11; 54,7% of females) were recruited online and completed the French versions of the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (10 items), the Short Alcohol Dependence Data questionnaire (15 items) and the Short Inventory of Problem – Revised (17 items). Of these, 324 completed the Short Alcohol Dependence Data questionnaire and the Short Inventory of Problem – Revised two weeks later.

Results

Results have showed that the Short Alcohol Dependence Data questionnaire and the Short Inventory of Problem – Revised had satisfactory internal validity, test-retest reliability, concurrent validity, and discriminant validity.

Conclusion

The French versions of the Short Alcohol Dependence Data questionnaire and the Short Inventory of Problem – Revised seem suitable for evaluating respectively a symptomatology of alcohol dependence and of repercussions of alcohol consumption. The French validation of these questionnaires has strong clinical (e.g., encouraging change in consumption) and research implications in psychological practices (e.g., improving assessment of intervention effectiveness).

Objectives

People with disabilities and neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autistic people, often face unemployment or underemployment. This can be partly explained by their difficulties in social situations and in particular in the use of social skills. Obtaining and keeping a job has an important influence on the quality of life of individuals, which is why it is necessary to look at the possibilities of training these social skills.

Methods

The objective of this review is to examine the different methods of social skills training and to take into account the rise of new technologies in this type of intervention.

Results

There are different methods to train social skills such as social stories, social scripts or video modeling. Some of these methods can be adapted specifically to the work environment. The development of new technologies represents a real opportunity by proposing more personalised and accessible interventions in people's daily lives, for example, through the use of digital tools such as tablets or virtual reality.

Conclusion

Helping people with disabilities find and keep a job is an important societal issue. The characteristics of the work environment increase the specific challenges of people with neurodevelopmental disorders in the sphere of social interactions. Providing social skills training to workers with disabilities is important to facilitate their integration. The use of new technologies can help to personalise even more the care of these people.

This paper provides a review of the literature on the nature, use and clinical effectiveness of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for the treatment of patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We first describe MDMA, highlighting its pharmacological properties and psychological effects, followed by historical informations on its synthesis and early therapeutic uses. We will then analyse the phase III clinical study, as well as the long-term clinical evaluations of the therapy. The results show that MDMA-assisted therapy is highly effective in treating PTSD. A phase III study showed that in a 90-participant sample, 67% of participants no longer met the diagnostic criteria for PTSD after therapy, and that 88% of participants had a statistically significant reduction in their symptoms. MDMA acts mainly at the level of emotions and social interactions, and it helps the patient to feel confident with his therapists while encouraging the expression of emotions. MDMA facilitates access to traumatic memories where, under normal circumstances, the emotional charge exceeds the subject's capacity for integration and symbolisation. In this new transitory state, the patient, supported by the presence of two therapists, can then revisit his or her traumatic experiences in order to process them with classic therapeutic tools. MDMA-assisted psychotherapy is an innovative approach that can be extended far beyond the treatment of PTSD. It is part of the rapidly developing field of psychedelic-assisted therapies, the specificity of which is a one-time intake of a substance that differs from the prolonged use of molecules with therapeutic properties in psychiatry.

Introduction and objective

The aim of this research is to study the perception of the quality of work life of fashion and luxury workers, particularly female workers in the garment industry.

Method

A qualitative study was conducted with a sample size of seventeen volunteers working in garment, fashion and luxury workshops in the Pays-de-la-Loire region of France. Semi-structured interviews were carried out to collect a corpus of data that was analyzed using lexicometric analysis. A descending hierarchical classification (DHC) was conducted on the whole corpus, as well as a factorial correspondence analysis (FCA) using the IRaMuTeQ software.

Results

The results show that the discourse is organized according to six thematic classes: work communication, job representation and recognition, workstation and physic health, temporality, affects and activity, mutual aid and work organization, and work environment outside the activity.

Conclusion

The results reveal a group of organizational, social, technical and environmental factors associated with a set of affects (both positively and negatively valenced) related to the quality of work life (QWL) of these female employees.

Introduction

This study examines the impact of Ateliers et Chantiers d’Insertion (ACI) on the development of psychological resources that support reemployment.

Objectives

The study has two objectives: first, to test the effect of ACI on key variables related to return to/maintenance in employment, such as self-efficacy, psychological distress, and basic need satisfaction; and second, to determine which form of support, autonomy support or control, is best suited for ACI employees.

Method

The study surveyed 109 employees from different ACIs in Côte-d’Or to assess their perceptions of support style and the presence of psychological resources that support reemployment/maintenance in employment. It was expected that (1) the employees would declare more psychological resources at the time they took this survey, compared to before passing into the ACI, and (2) that the perception of support that promotes autonomy would be associated with these same psychological resources.

Results

The results show that employees reported greater psychological resources at the time of the survey compared to before joining ACI, and that a perception of support that promotes autonomy is associated with these same resources.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that ACIs have a positive impact in helping employees return to or remain in employment, and that autonomy support is effective in developing these resources. The study provides recommendations for professionals in the field on how to promote autonomy in ACIs.

Background

Existential therapies are a range of psychotherapies inspired by existential and phenomenological philosophers. Although relatively little empirical research was conducted on their therapeutic model and outcomes in the early days, a substantial body of research has evolved.

Aim

This article aims to give an overview of the empirical literature on existential therapies. This article will be divided into four parts: empirical research on existential practices, key concepts, critical therapeutic competences, and outcomes of existential therapies.

Method

This article will review findings from previous systematic literature reviews and meta-analyses.

Findings

The etiological model in many existential therapies seems to focus on how individuals may limit the totality of their subjective experiences. Ignoring or denying a part of the totality of their experiences limits their opportunities to live a meaningful, fulfilling and mentally healthy life and cope in beneficial ways with life's inevitable limitations and challenges. Their clinical concerns may include existential moods, detailed questions, or crises about life, meaning, identity or spirituality. Existential therapists may help via several evidence-based competencies: phenomenological and experiential skills, relational skills, explicating existential themes and processes, school-specific and meta-competences. Meta-analyses show that some existential therapies (particularly meaning-centred therapies) have large positive effects on psychological and physical well-being and overall quality-of-life.

Discussion

A large body of empirical literature supports the key therapeutic existential concepts, competences, and outcomes. The discussion compares this literature with other therapies, showing that existential therapies have similarly strong empirical support. These findings indicate that existential therapies are bona fide therapies that may be considered for funding by health insurance and health services. Therapists and training institutes should focus on these evidence-based existential components.

Spirituality is a theme often evoked in existential psychology, it is also a complex and ambiguous term. We have developed the concept of implicit spirituality, that is to say that we approach spirituality whether it is religious or non-religious (areligious) without naming it. We work only from the dimensions that constitute it. It is through our professional practice that the concept of “implicit spirituality” has taken shape. Consequently, in this article we present the validation of a scale of implicit spirituality.