Pratiques Psychologiques最新文献

Thirty years ago, Vallerand (1989) wrote a pioneering article entitled “Toward a methodology for the transcultural validation of psychological questionnaires: Implications for research in the French language”, whose success has never failed, as well as its usefulness. However, considerable progress has been made in the field of test development and test adaptation since the publication of this article, notably with the publications (and their updates) of the ITC Guidelines for Translating and Adapting Tests (2017) by the International Test Commission, and of the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing (2014) by the American Educational Research Association (AERA), the American Psychological Association (APA), and the National Council on Measurement in Education (NCME). Based on these two key references, the present article aimed to update the procedure proposed by Vallerand. Without claiming to replace these major references, on the contrary, our objective here is to propose a 10-step procedure for adapting tests and psychological measures originally developed for other cultures and/or languages, a sort of framework guiding in step-by-step manner the adaptation of tests and the validation of their scores.

The purpose of this article is to present two current methodo-epistemological frameworks for test and testing procedures, namely the Standards for Education and Psychological Testing (AERA, APA, NCME, 2014), and the ITC Guidelines for Translating and Adapting Tests (2017). These two frameworks were designed to serve as “universal” references shaping the construction and adaptation of psychological tests and scales. However, a review of articles published in five French journals shows that these two frameworks are largely ignored. Their dissemination could improve good practices in construction and cross-cultural adaptation of psychological tests and scales.

Categorization is an essential cognitive process, but it seems deficient in children with intellectual disability. This study aimed to assess the improvement of categorization performances in children with intellectual disability by a metacognitive training. The specificity of the metacognitive training was tested by assessing two types of training, one metacognitive and the other not. The performances of categorical flexibility, that is to say, flexible use of categorization in 34 children with intellectual disability schooled in a special school (ULIS) were first evaluated. An intervention (metacognitive training, or training without metacognitive orientation, or no training) was then proposed one week later, followed by a second evaluation of the categorical flexibility performances. Furthermore, two versions of the categorical flexibility task were proposed so allowing the comparison of the use of perceptive categorization (shape and color) and semantic categorization (taxonomic and thematic). The results show that when the categorization requested are perceptive children with intellectual disability achieve performances at the ceiling level, contrary to the case of semantic categorization. Only children having benefited from a metacognitive training significantly increased their performances in semantic categorical flexibility task. These results show the possibility of training the semantic categorical flexibility in children with intellectual disability and suggest a possibility of transferring learning.

Introduction

While ICUs encourage visits from patients’ loved ones, visits from children and adolescents have remained a rather sensitive issue. In an attempt to protect children from a potentially traumatic environment, certain services refuse or restrict their visits.

Objective

In this context, the question arises as to whether the visit in intensive care constitutes a psychological risk for the child and adolescents. Based on the literature, this article discusses the experience of the visit on the child, the research methodology implemented with child visitors, and finally the existing support systems.

Results

The analyzed studies do not consider the psychological disorders associated with ICU visits. Moreover, there are many studies on this field and the methodologies have yet to be developed. Support measures exist but are at the initiative of the intensive care teams.

Conclusion

There is now an urgent need to build on the studies focused on this field in order to propose a genuine policy with regard to the reception and support of children visiting ICU patients.

Introduction

Little is known about the importance of the adaptive, maladaptive and neutral facets of competitive orientations among French athletes.

Objective

The aim of this study is to test the factorial validation and measurement invariance of the French version of the multidimensional competitive orientation inventory (FVMCOI) from the original version (MCOI, Orosz et al., 2018), which included 12 items and four factors (i.e., hypercompetitive orientation, self-developmental competitive orientation, anxiety-driven competition avoidance, and lack of interest toward competition).

Method

A series of three complementary studies was carried out with a total sample of 891 competitors.

Results

Following cross-cultural validation methods a preliminary version of the FVMCOI was constructed and the clarity of its items was established (study 1). Then, exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) confirmed that the four-factor model for the FVMCOI was factorially valid, and consistent with the model of the original version. As such, the multiple-group invariance tests showed that the FVMCOI was partially invariant across both age and gender and fully invariant across type of sport, level of competition and over time (study 2). Finally, the concurrent validity of the FVMCOI was demonstrated through its expected relationships with achievement goals, competitive aggressiveness and anger in sport (study 3).

Conclusion

The establishment of the FVMCOI extends the research in sport psychology by allowing an extensive psychometric study of the MCOI in the sport domain and providing deeper insights into the healthy, unhealthy, and neutral nature of competitive orientation in this context. The FVMCOI's potential practical applications in sport context, with some limitations and perspectives of this study, are also discussed.

The rise of new technologies, like serious games, opens up new horizons in terms of training, skills development and knowledge acquisition. The design of these serious games which have educational goals is based on various requirements. The retrospective simulation approach that is the subject of this paper was developed as part of the design of this type of innovative serious game. It is guided by ergonomic and work psychology. The innovative dimension involves designing realistic behaviours, emotions and profiles of non-player characters (NPCs). The retrospective simulation allows to access and model real situations of change involving emotions and social behaviours. The purpose of this paper is to report the contributions and limitations of the retrospective simulation of social-emotional activity. The deployed methods have three different goals: comprehensive goal, re-situating goal and finally projective goal. The sample consists of 27 participants, 13 women and 14 men, with an average age of 45 years. They have experienced all types of change: professional, structural, organizational and technological. Thanks to the results, we were able to reconstitute for each participant chronicles of socio-emotional experience. These chronicles make it possible to recompose the situation of change as well as to associate the various events to the participant's emotional experiences and social behaviours. In addition, personas – archetypal representations of different profiles of people with similar characteristics – have been developed. They are resources for designing NPCs and for the script of the serious game. In this way, the retrospective simulation, turned towards a past activity, allows on the one hand, accessing and modeling the emotional and social experiences and on the other hand, to contribute to the development of the prospective simulation that is serious game.

The heavy reliance on antibiotics in livestock farming has contributed to the development of antimicrobial resistance. To tackle this phenomenon, it is important to know the determinants of their use. Thus, this study investigated the way in which French pig farmers perceive antibiotics and biosecurity depending on their farm's department and ALEA (Animal Level of Exposure to Antimicrobials). A qualitative study was carried out on 87 livestock farms of a French agricultural cooperative specialising in pig production. The results show a social representation of antibiotics organized around the notion of demedication (i.e. the elimination or reduction of reliance on antibiotics). Concerning biosecurity, “large consumers” of antibiotics associate it with the idea of constraints, regulatory standards and temporal distances separating them from this practice.

Introduction

The quality of action in occupational health requires attention to its dynamic, for example analysing the activity of the intervenant consultant: what he manages to do in his activity and the obstacles he encounters.

Objective

This article proposes to feed the knowledge on the intervention from a qualitative approach and centered on the intervention process.

Method

Using the case study, the article shows the real of the intervention, its obstacles and the adjustments it imposes. The case studied is in a journal.

Results

This intervention process shows the effects of variation caused by lack of accession and support from management and the trade unions, the difficulty of passing from knowledge to action.

Conclusion

The difficulties have a function of revelation which the evaluation of the effects of an intervention can take into account.

This literature review focuses on the concept of Psychological Capital (PsyCap), a construct that comprises dimensions of self-efficacy, hope, resilience and optimism. France has not a particular interest at the moment in PsyCap. The objective of this article is to provide a comprehensive review on both the relevance and use of PsyCap in work psychology. Once we have reviewed the conceptual foundations of PsyCap, its measurement and its consequences on various areas such as health and occupational attitudes will be dealt with. We will also identify the antecedents of this construct. Finally, research prospects will be developed.

Lesbians, gays and bisexuals (LGB) can use an array of strategies to reveal or conceal their sexual orientation in the workplace. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationships between perceived homonegative microaggressions in the workplace and those strategies, as well as the mediating effect of LGB-supportive climate in those relationships. A sample of 135 LGB employees has replied to an online questionnaire dealing with these variables. The data were treated through simple linear regressions and the structural equation modelling method. Results highlighted that the effect of microaggressions on sexual identity management in the workplace was mediated by the LGB-supportive climate. There was also a direct and positive relationship between microaggressions and the revealing strategy. Results are discussed in light of the existing literature on the topic. Perspectives at systemic and individual levels to support an LGB-supportive climate and to reduce discrimination experienced by LGB employees are suggested.