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A stoichiometric insight into the seasonal imbalance of phosphorus and nitrogen in central European fishponds 中欧鱼塘磷氮季节性失衡的化学计量学启示
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-00968-9
Lenka Kajgrová, Vojtech Kolar, Koushik Roy, Zdeněk Adámek, Petr Blabolil, Radovan Kopp, Jan Mráz, Martin Musil, Oldřich Pecha, Libor Pechar, Jan Potužák, Jaroslav Vrba

Background

This study examines seasonal and regional trends in chlorophyll-a concentrations and the dynamics of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in 32 fishponds (resulting in 150 pond-year cases) employed for fish production. Fishponds have a poor ecological state, requiring further insights for pond management. To gain those insights, monthly data on the pond environment were collected over the growing seasons from April to September (up to 14 years) across lowland to highland regions in Czechia. We used a ratio of dissolved inorganic nitrogen to total phosphorus (DIN:TP) to investigate seasonal patterns of N and P limitations.

Results

Fishponds in the lowland region (below 199 m above sea level, a.s.l.) were predominantly N-limited (80%), while ponds in the midland region (200–449 m a.s.l.) exhibited P limitation at the beginning of the growing season (April–May) and N limitation by the end of the season (August–September; 90% of fishponds). Highland fishponds (above 450 m a.s.l.) showed frequent P limitations, especially during the beginning of the season. Chlorophyll-a concentrations varied on both regional and seasonal scales, with the overall phytoplankton biomass peak at 31 ha of pond surface area. Chlorophyll-a remained stable at the beginning of the season regardless of the DIN:TP ratio but increased with a lower DIN:TP ratio by its end. The chlorophyll-a concentrations were lowest at the beginning and highest at the end of the season and decreased with altitude.

Conclusions

Seasonal and regional variations in nutrient limitations and chlorophyll-a occur in fishponds. Our study suggests that targeted seasonal nutrient input and enhanced monitoring can significantly improve fishpond management practices and ecosystem stability.

背景本研究考察了 32 个用于渔业生产的鱼塘(共 150 个塘年)中叶绿素-a 浓度的季节性和区域性趋势以及氮(N)和磷(P)的动态变化。鱼塘生态状况不佳,需要进一步深入了解鱼塘管理。为了获得这些信息,我们收集了捷克从低地到高地地区从 4 月到 9 月生长季节的池塘环境月度数据(长达 14 年)。结果低地地区(海拔 199 米以下)的鱼塘主要受氮限制(80%),而中部地区(海拔 200-449 米)的鱼塘在生长季节开始时(4 月至 5 月)受磷限制,在生长季节结束时(8 月至 9 月;90% 的鱼塘)受氮限制。高地鱼塘(海拔 450 米以上)经常出现 P 限制,尤其是在生长季初期。叶绿素-a 的浓度在区域和季节范围内均有变化,在 31 公顷的池塘表面积上,浮游植物的总体生物量达到峰值。叶绿素-a 在季节开始时保持稳定,与 DIN:TP 比率无关,但在季节结束时随着 DIN:TP 比率降低而增加。叶绿素-a 的浓度在季节开始时最低,在季节结束时最高,并随着海拔的升高而降低。我们的研究表明,有针对性的季节性养分输入和加强监测可显著改善鱼塘管理方法和生态系统的稳定性。
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引用次数: 0
Avoiding future surprises after acute shocks: long-term flood risk lessons catalysed by the 2021 summer flood in the Netherlands 避免急性冲击后的未来意外:荷兰 2021 年夏季洪水引发的长期洪水风险教训
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-03 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-00960-3
Wieke Pot, Yza de Ridder, Art Dewulf

In summer 2021, the Dutch Province of Limburg faced an acute high-water event caused by two days of heavy rainfall, resulting in €383 million worth of damage. Afterwards, various policy actors organised a number of evaluations. This study analyses these evaluations and the long-term lessons drawn from this flood event. Dealing with climate change requires insights into how lessons from acute shocks such as floods can stimulate the anticipation of climate change and solutions that can cope with future extremes. This study therefore applies policy learning theory—single, double and triple loop learning—to different layers of flood safety to analyse the extent to which governments prepare for future events and how.

The results show that pre-2021 water and flood risk management policies—our point of comparison to derive what lessons emerge after the 2021 flood—focused mostly on flood prevention (layer 1) and from 1996 onwards with the start of the Room for the River programme also on spatial planning (layer 2), without paying much attention to crisis management (layer 3). Based on the 2021 flood, the official evaluation committee recommends adding two more layers to the multilayer flood safety approach: increasing water awareness (layer 0 as a base layer for the other layers) and focusing on climate-robust recovery after floods (layer 4) to improve long-term robustness. Based on our research, triple-loop learning as the deepest type of learning appeared in the form of applying the Room for the River approach to the tributary brooks systems. To prepare for the future, policy evaluations recommend improving stress tests to better deal with climate change. Futures scenarios and visions for the future are also recommended. Creating future visions can help to steer changes in existing land use and re-think areas to build or to use for water retention, for example. Governments are advised to strengthen their anticipatory capacities as part of their crisis management response and recovery systems. Furthermore, governments will need to apply the different layers for multilayer safety in an integrated way to ensure that regions are able to prepare for future floods.

2021 年夏天,荷兰林堡省遭遇了两天暴雨造成的严重高水位事件,造成了价值 3.83 亿欧元的损失。事后,不同的政策参与者组织了一系列评估。本研究分析了这些评估以及从这次洪水事件中汲取的长期教训。应对气候变化需要深入了解从洪水等严重冲击中汲取的经验教训如何促进对气候变化的预测,以及如何制定能够应对未来极端情况的解决方案。因此,本研究将政策学习理论--单环、双环和三环学习--应用于洪水安全的不同层面,以分析政府在多大程度上为未来事件做好准备以及如何做好准备。研究结果表明,2021 年之前的水和洪水风险管理政策--我们在 2021 年洪水之后总结经验教训的比较点--主要侧重于防洪(第 1 层),从 1996 年开始,随着 "河流空间 "计划的启动,这些政策也侧重于空间规划(第 2 层),但并不重视危机管理(第 3 层)。基于 2021 年的洪灾,官方评估委员会建议在多层防洪安全方法中增加两层:提高水意识(第 0 层,作为其他各层的基础层)和关注洪灾后的气候恢复(第 4 层),以提高长期稳健性。根据我们的研究,三重循环学习作为最深层次的学习类型,以将 "河流房间 "方法应用于支流小溪系统的形式出现。为了为未来做好准备,政策评估建议改进压力测试,以更好地应对气候变化。还建议对未来进行设想和展望。创建未来愿景有助于引导改变现有的土地用途,重新考虑建设或用于蓄水的区域。建议各国政府加强预测能力,将其作为危机管理应对和恢复系统的一部分。此外,政府还需要综合运用多层安全的不同层面,确保各地区能够为未来的洪灾做好准备。
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引用次数: 0
Chemical fractionation of heavy metals and zinc isotope source identification in sediments of the Huangpu River, Shanghai, China 中国上海黄浦江沉积物中重金属的化学分馏和锌同位素来源识别
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-00951-4
Yalong Li, Yaojen Tu, Gaojun Li, Yali Pu, Meichuan Chien, Yanping Duan

Background

The Huangpu River serves as a vital water source for around 24 million individuals residing in the metropolitan area of Shanghai. Despite this, elevated levels of heavy metals persist in the sediments of the river, with their chemical fractionation and sources remaining inadequately understood.

Results

To improve the management of heavy metal contamination, sequential extractions and zinc (Zn) isotopic compositions were utilized to evaluate pollution levels in the Huangpu River. The findings reveal that the majority of heavy metals in the river sediments are present in residual fractions, constituting an average of 67.5% for Cd, 57.6% for Cu, 60.6% for Ni, 56.2% for Pb, and 74.4% for Cr, with the exception of Zn (33.8%). Furthermore, a substantial portion of Zn, exceeding 66%, was found in acid-exchangeable, reducible, and oxidizable fractions, indicating a high potential for Zn release into aquatic ecosystems.

Conclusion

Further analysis of Zn isotopes pinpointed traffic emissions, including exhaust fumes and tire wear particles (account for ~ 34.0%), along with anthropogenic emissions and fertilizer (~ 31.7%), as the major culprits behind this contamination. These findings highlight the critical need for stricter regulations to control heavy metal contamination from traffic and domestic sources within the Huangpu River basin.

背景黄浦江是上海大都市区约 2400 万居民的重要水源。尽管如此,黄浦江沉积物中的重金属含量仍然居高不下,而对其化学成分和来源的了解仍然不足。结果为了改善对重金属污染的管理,研究人员利用顺序萃取和锌(Zn)同位素组成来评估黄浦江的污染水平。研究结果表明,江河沉积物中的大部分重金属都存在于残留物中,平均占镉(67.5%)、铜(57.6%)、镍(60.6%)、铅(56.2%)和铬(74.4%)的比例,但锌除外(33.8%)。此外,在酸交换性、还原性和氧化性组分中发现了大量的锌,超过 66%,这表明锌很有可能释放到水生生态系统中。这些研究结果突出表明,亟需制定更严格的法规来控制黄浦江流域交通和生活源的重金属污染。
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引用次数: 0
Control mechanism of short-term fertilization with cattle manure on the release characteristics of soil colloids in farmland: grain size and physicochemical properties 牛粪短期施肥对农田土壤胶体释放特性的调控机制:粒度与理化性质
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-00959-w
Xiaoming Song, Zeyu Chen, Qing Zhang, Zhipeng Zhang, Yujuan Wen

Background

Understanding the release characteristics of soil colloids is a prerequisite for studying the co-transport of colloids and pollutants in subsurface environment. As a crucial agricultural management measure, fertilization not only alters the material composition of farmland soil, but also significantly regulates the properties and release patterns of soil colloids. This study systematically investigated the regulatory mechanism of short-term cattle manure fertilization on the macroscopic release and microscopic properties of soil colloids with different particle sizes, providing a theoretical foundation for subsequent research on the fate and transport of agricultural non-point source pollutants.

Results

The colloids in natural agricultural soil primarily consist of inorganic components. Graded extraction of the colloids has revealed that the combined proportion of colloids with particle sizes of 1–2 μm and 0.45–1 μm accounts for approximately 80.5%. Applying cattle manure inhibits the release of soil colloids, and the content of large particle size (1–2 μm) components increases. The content of organic colloids is increased due to the high total organic carbon (TOC) in cattle manure, particularly those with a particle size less than 1 μm. The characterization of organic colloid components revealed a significant increase in aromatic carbon and oxygen-containing functional groups, while the aliphatic content decreased. The response sequence regarding changes in functional groups within organic colloids induced by fertilization was as follows: –CH3, –CH2 > C–O > –OH > C=C. Fertilization promotes the release of 1:1-type inorganic mineral colloids, increasing the content of poorly crystalline minerals. The retention of aromatic carbon and oxygen-containing functional groups by poorly crystalline mineral colloids served as the primary mechanism leading to their increased content levels. Changes in environmental factors significantly impacted the release and properties of soil colloids. Conditions such as low cationic valence, high ionic strength, and high pH promoted the release of soil colloids.

Conclusions

The short-term fertilization resulted in a reduction in the release of soil colloids and brought about significant alterations in their particle size composition and properties. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into understanding the impact of fertilization-induced colloid release on the environmental behavior of agricultural non-point source pollutants.

背景了解土壤胶体的释放特性是研究地下环境中胶体与污染物共迁移的前提。施肥作为一项重要的农业管理措施,不仅改变了农田土壤的物质组成,而且对土壤胶体的性质和释放模式具有重要的调控作用。本研究系统研究了短期牛粪施肥对不同粒径土壤胶体的宏观释放和微观性质的调控机制,为后续农业非点源污染物的归宿与迁移研究提供了理论基础。对胶体进行分级萃取后发现,粒径为 1-2 μm 和 0.45-1 μm 的胶体所占比例之和约为 80.5%。施用牛粪抑制了土壤胶体的释放,大粒径(1-2 μm)成分的含量增加。牛粪中的总有机碳(TOC)含量高,特别是粒径小于 1 μm 的有机胶体含量增加。有机胶体成分的表征显示,芳香碳和含氧官能团的含量显著增加,而脂肪族含量则有所减少。施肥引起的有机胶体中官能团变化的反应顺序如下:-CH3, -CH2 > C-O > -OH > C=C。施肥促进了 1:1 型无机矿物胶体的释放,增加了弱结晶矿物的含量。贫晶矿物胶体保留芳香碳和含氧官能团是导致其含量增加的主要机制。环境因素的变化极大地影响了土壤胶体的释放和特性。低阳离子价、高离子强度和高 pH 值等条件促进了土壤胶体的释放。这项研究的结果为了解施肥引起的胶体释放对农业非点源污染物环境行为的影响提供了宝贵的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Traversed dynamics of climate change and One Health 穿越气候变化和 "一体健康 "的动态变化
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-00931-8
Muhammad Shafique, Mohsin Khurshid, Saima Muzammil, Muhammad Imran Arshad, Imran Riaz Malik, Muhammad Hidayat Rasool, Aimen Khalid, Rabia Khalid, Rubab Asghar, Zulqarnain Baloch, Bilal Aslam

Climate change, caused by both natural and human activities, poses significant threats to global health, including rising temperatures, extreme weather events, and environmental disruptions. The One Health concept, emphasizing the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health, is crucial in addressing these challenges. Climate change is linked to the emergence and resurgence of infectious diseases, resulting in substantial economic losses worldwide due to outbreaks, floods, and disrupted trade, among other factors. Therefore, it is crucial to adapt to this changing climate to safeguard One Health. By implementing a One Health approach, we can effectively address the consequences of climate change and make substantial contributions to health and food safety. This approach also holds the potential to mitigate economic losses, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Additionally, in the future, research interventions based on the One Health framework may offer sustainable solutions to combat climate change.

由自然和人类活动引起的气候变化对全球健康构成重大威胁,包括气温上升、极端天气事件和环境破坏。强调人类、动物和环境健康相互关联的 "一个健康 "理念对于应对这些挑战至关重要。气候变化与传染病的出现和复发有关,传染病的爆发、洪水和贸易中断等因素在全球范围内造成了巨大的经济损失。因此,适应不断变化的气候以保障 "一个健康 "至关重要。通过实施 "一个健康 "方法,我们可以有效应对气候变化的后果,为健康和食品安全做出重大贡献。这种方法还有可能减轻经济损失,特别是在中低收入国家。此外,在未来,基于 "一体健康 "框架的研究干预措施可能会为应对气候变化提供可持续的解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
Correction: Impact of soil moisture regimes on greenhouse gas emissions, soil microbial biomass, and enzymatic activity in long-term fertilized paddy soil 更正:土壤水分制度对长期施肥水稻土壤中温室气体排放、土壤微生物生物量和酶活性的影响
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-00957-y
Asad Shah, Jing Huang, Tianfu Han, Muhammad Numan Khan, Kiya Adare Tadesse, Nano Alemu Daba, Sajeela Khan, Sami Ullah, Muhammad Fahad Sardar, Shah Fahad, Huimin Zhang
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引用次数: 0
Health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in the riparian zone of the Sava River (southeastern Europe): effects of high and low water events 萨瓦河(欧洲东南部)沿岸地区潜在有毒元素的健康风险评估:高水位和低水位事件的影响
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-00952-3
Milica Jonjev, Zorana Miletić, Dragana Pavlović, Marija Matić, Dragan Čakmak, Miroslava Mitrović, Pavle Pavlović

This study evaluated the source apportionment and level of contamination with potential toxic elements (PTEs)—As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn—in a riparian zone of the Sava River by calculating the Enrichment Factor (EF) and the Geo-Accumulation Index (Igeo). The study analysed the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks to both adults and children in the local population. Soil and sediment samples collected during high and low water events from 12 sites along 945 km of the river were screened. Elevated soil contents of As, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn were observed along the middle and lower stretches from Županja (ZUP) to Belgrade (BEO), and an elevated Cu content was detected in the upper stretch Čatež (CAT), highlighting these elements as a potential risk for the human population. Elevated As, Cd Cr, Ni, and Zn levels in the sediment were also detected, with the Ni content three times higher than the Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) values, indicating high contamination. The study established that As, Cr, and Ni primarily originate from geological sources; Cu, Pb, and Zn are predominantly from anthropogenic sources; and Cd originates from both geological and anthropogenic sources. Although the EF and Igeo varied along the entire river stretch, they were significantly higher for most elements in the lower stretch, indicating intensive anthropogenic contamination and potential health risks. The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks associated with soils and sediments during high and low water events did not imply a potential risk for adults. However, As, Cd, Cr, and Pb potentially pose the greatest non-carcinogenic risk for children in both high and low water events, with ingestion as the main route of exposure. According to our findings, the elevated concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, and Pb in the Sava River basin (SRB) pose a significant potential health risk to the local population based on several factors: the high levels of these elements, their potential contamination risk as determined by the EF and Igeo, and their bioavailability and solubility. Although the cumulative Total Hazard Index (THI) and Total Carcinogenic Risk (TCR) values are low, particularly in the lower stretch of the Sava River, these elements still present a high potential health threat.

本研究通过计算富集因子 (EF) 和地质累积指数 (Igeo),评估了萨瓦河沿岸地区潜在有毒元素 (PTE) --砷、镉、铬、铜、镍、铅和锌的来源分布和污染程度。该研究分析了对当地成人和儿童的非致癌和致癌健康风险。研究人员对沿河 945 公里的 12 个地点在丰水期和枯水期采集的土壤和沉积物样本进行了筛选。从Županja(ZUP)到贝尔格莱德(BEO)的中下游河段的土壤中发现砷、铬、铜、镍和锌的含量升高,上游河段 Čatež (CAT) 的铜含量升高,凸显了这些元素对人类的潜在风险。此外,还检测到沉积物中的砷、镉、铬、镍和锌含量升高,其中镍含量比允许接触限值(PEL)高出三倍,表明污染严重。研究确定,砷、铬和镍主要来自地质来源;铜、铅和锌主要来自人为来源;镉既来自地质来源,也来自人为来源。虽然整个河段的 EF 值和 Igeo 值各不相同,但在下游河段,大多数元素的 EF 值和 Igeo 值都明显偏高,表明人为污染严重,对健康构成潜在风险。在高水位和低水位事件中,与土壤和沉积物相关的致癌和非致癌风险并不意味着对成人有潜在风险。然而,在高水位和低水位事件中,砷、镉、铬和铅可能对儿童造成最大的非致癌风险,而摄入是主要的接触途径。根据我们的研究结果,萨瓦河流域(SRB)中高浓度的砷、镉、铬和铅对当地居民的健康构成了巨大的潜在风险,这主要基于以下几个因素:这些元素的高浓度、EF 和 Igeo 确定的潜在污染风险以及它们的生物利用率和可溶性。尽管累积总危害指数 (THI) 和总致癌风险 (TCR) 值较低,尤其是在萨瓦河下游,但这些元素仍对健康构成了较高的潜在威胁。
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引用次数: 0
Seasonal variation effect on water quality and sediments criteria and its influence on soil pollution: Fayoum Governorate, Egypt 季节变化对水质和沉积物标准的影响及其对土壤污染的影响:埃及法尤姆省
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-00953-2
H. Mansour, Sayed A. Ahmed, A. Zaghloul, H. Kabary, Hossam F. Nassar

Background

Irrigation with low-quality water without considering the acceptable levels negatively impacts not only humans, but also extends to the whole surrounding ecosystem. The current research is a comprehensive-integrated appraisal of the irrigation water quality gathered from El-Batts drain in Fayoum Governorate, from September 2021 to June 2022, together with the drain sediments and the soils adjacent to it. The characteristics (physical, chemical and biological), and the risk fate of some heavy metals (As, B, Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni, Fe and Mn) were measured. Moreover, the risks of the studied pollutants were assessed using many indices: irrigation water quality index (IWQI), contamination factor (Cf), degree of contamination (Cd), Salinity indices and Zn equivalent (ZE). Additionally, kinetic studies of the inorganic pollutants were evaluated to determine their availability and impact on the surrounding environment.

Results

Data from IQWI showed that water in all five sites was assumed to be very bad and unsuitable for usage with a general average (14.62 and 25.35) in all four seasons. ZE exceeds the critical level of 250, which means there is a risk of soil contamination.

Conclusions

The elevated levels of heavy metals, microbial enzymes, pathogenic fecal coliform and Salmonella reflect bad and direct risk of dealing with such water in irrigation and its effect on the soil ecosystem and the growing crops. Most of the tested parameters exceeded the acceptable levels of the Egyptian Governmental Law Guidelines, WHO and FAO, which may threaten aquatic life. Best managements practices and remediation techniques should be applied to minimize the hazards in such waters.

背景使用低质水灌溉而不考虑可接受水平不仅会对人类造成负面影响,还会影响到周围的整个生态系统。目前的研究是对 2021 年 9 月至 2022 年 6 月期间从法尤姆省 El-Batts 排水沟收集的灌溉水水质以及排水沟沉积物和邻近土壤的综合评估。测量了一些重金属(砷、硼、铬、铜、锌、镉、铅、镍、铁和锰)的特性(物理、化学和生物)和风险归宿。此外,还使用多种指数评估了所研究污染物的风险:灌溉水质量指数(IWQI)、污染因子(Cf)、污染程度(Cd)、盐度指数和锌当量(ZE)。此外,还对无机污染物的动力学研究进行了评估,以确定其可用性及其对周围环境的影响。结果 IQWI 的数据显示,所有五个地点的水质都很差,不适合使用,所有四个季节的平均值为(14.62 和 25.35)。结论重金属、微生物酶、致病性粪大肠菌群和沙门氏菌含量的升高反映了在灌溉中使用这些水的不良直接风险及其对土壤生态系统和作物生长的影响。大多数检测参数都超过了埃及政府法律准则、世界卫生组织和联合国粮农组织规定的可接受水平,可能会对水生生物造成威胁。应采用最佳管理方法和补救技术,将此类水体的危害降至最低。
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引用次数: 0
Performance of zero-valent iron immobilized on activated carbon cloth for the removal of phenol from wastewater 固定在活性炭布上的零价铁去除废水中苯酚的性能
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-00954-1
Muhammad Yusuf Suleiman, Opeoluwa Olusola Fasanya, Abdulazeez Yusuf Atta, Fei Ye, Joydeep Dutta, Baba El-Yakubu Jibril

Background

Discharge of large amounts of untreated industrial effluent into water bodies pose significant environmental challenges worldwide. This is due to the limitations of traditional wastewater treatment methods in the treatment of recalcitrant organic pollutants. Fenton processes involves the generation of hydroxyl radicals that are well suited to degrade organics in effluent water. This study focuses on reducing slag generation during Fenton processes and enhancing the reuse of nano-zero-valent iron (NZVI) through the immobilization of NZVI on activated carbon cloth (ACC) through a chitosan (CH) linker with phenol as a model pollutant.

Results

Microstructural and spectroscopic techniques were employed to study the materials prepared and 37.5 wt% iron loading was achieved. Phenol degradation of 96.3% at 40 °C at pH of 3.0 with 50 mM H2O2 was achieved using ACC-CH-NZVI. Adsorption and degradation studies carried out using ACC-CH-NZVI catalyst revealed that phenol adsorption onto ACC-CH-NZVI fits the Langmuir isotherm model, following the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and first-order reaction kinetics. Thermodynamic studies indicate the non-spontaneous, endothermic and irreversible nature of the removal process. Comparing ACC-CH-NZVI with ACC and ACC-CH, phenol removal using ACC drops from 87.8 to 39%, while using ACC-CH, the removal efficiency drops from 73 to 20.9% and using ACC-CH-NZVI, phenol removal drops from 96.3 to about 70% and total organic carbon removal drops from 79 to about 60% with minimal iron leaching, highlighting the superior performance of ACC-CH-ZVI and the role of NZVI in enhancing phenol removal.

Conclusions

The catalyst demonstrated good stability for phenol degradation to about 70% phenol removal from simulated wastewater and 60% TOC removal from industrial wastewater after five treatment cycles with minimal Fe leaching.

Graphical abstract

背景大量未经处理的工业废水被排放到水体中,给全世界带来了巨大的环境挑战。这是由于传统废水处理方法在处理难降解有机污染物方面存在局限性。芬顿工艺涉及羟基自由基的生成,非常适合降解废水中的有机物。本研究以苯酚为模型污染物,通过壳聚糖(CH)链接物将纳米零价铁(NZVI)固定在活性碳布(ACC)上,从而减少 Fenton 过程中产生的熔渣,并提高纳米零价铁(NZVI)的再利用率。使用 ACC-CH-NZVI 在 40 °C、pH 值为 3.0、50 mM H2O2 的条件下实现了 96.3% 的苯酚降解。使用 ACC-CH-NZVI 催化剂进行的吸附和降解研究表明,苯酚在 ACC-CH-NZVI 上的吸附符合 Langmuir 等温线模型,并遵循伪二阶动力学模型和一阶反应动力学。热力学研究表明,去除过程具有非自发、内热和不可逆的性质。将 ACC-CH-NZVI 与 ACC 和 ACC-CH 相比较,使用 ACC 的苯酚去除率从 87.8% 降至 39%,而使用 ACC-CH 的去除率从 73% 降至 20.9%,使用 ACC-CH-NZVI 的苯酚去除率从 96.3% 降至约 70%,总有机碳去除率从 79% 降至约 60%,铁浸出极少,这凸显了 ACC-CH-ZVI 的优越性能以及 NZVI 在提高苯酚去除率方面的作用。结论该催化剂具有良好的苯酚降解稳定性,经过五个处理周期后,模拟废水中的苯酚去除率约为 70%,工业废水中的总有机碳去除率约为 60%,铁浸出极少。
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引用次数: 0
The role of African universities in handling climate change 非洲大学在应对气候变化方面的作用
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-00933-6
Walter Leal Filho, Javier Sierra, Frederick Kalembo, Desalegn Y. Ayal, Newton Matandirotya, Cristina Isabel de Victoria Pereira Amaro da Costa, Baba Libasse Sow, Raymond Aabeyir, James Mawanda, Leocadia Zhou, Demba Baldeh

Background

African countries are among the most vulnerable and affected by climate change. Comprehending climate change poses a major hurdle for the African population, politicians, and the African Union alike, presenting a substantial challenge for all involved. It is generally accepted that universities and other higher education institutions must play a leading role as drivers of change. Therefore, it is very important that African universities educate students about both mitigation and adaptation measures, develop the necessary initiatives to foster research in climate change-related topics and promote cooperation and alliances with key stakeholders.

Results

This research reports on a study aimed at identifying the extent to which higher education institutions in Africa are engaging in efforts to deal with the challenges posed by climate change. The objectives were accomplished through a mixed method approach, incorporating a review of literature, an international survey, and the inclusion of selected case studies from African universities that have developed successful initiatives. The research has brought to light significant disparities, such as varying perceptions regarding the potential outcomes of climate change and its associated extreme events in African countries. In addition, the study highlighted areas where there is a notable consensus on specific issues. It also offers a comprehensive view of the different strategies that universities are implementing to contribute to climate change mitigation and adaptation in several areas. Although there is a growing interest in the need to contribute to the joint task of mitigating the effects of climate change and adapting to its consequences, HEIs need to increase their efforts to enhance the work of their professors and researchers. To this end, the involvement of public authorities and other private sector actors is essential.

Conclusions

This article outlines some actions that need to be undertaken so that universities may play a more active role in global efforts to handle the problems associated with a changing climate. There is a notable focus from academic actors on addressing climate change challenges in Africa. In addition, there is a proactive emphasis on utilizing science and research to comprehend climate change issues and offer widely applicable tools for adaptation and mitigation to safeguard both people and the environment. Consequently, it is crucial and time-sensitive for African universities to enhance their expertise in the field of climate change, fostering the capacity to conduct innovative research that addresses the various challenges linked to the evolving climate. This study offers several useful lessons for African universities to replicate experiences that have generated results in different countries and contexts.

背景非洲国家是最容易受到气候变化影响的国家之一。对非洲人民、政治家和非洲联盟来说,理解气候变化是一个重大障碍,对所有相关方都是一个巨大的挑战。人们普遍认为,大学和其他高等教育机构必须作为变革的推动者发挥主导作用。因此,非洲的大学必须对学生进行有关减缓和适应措施的教育,制定必要的措施来促进气候变化相关课题的研究,并促进与主要利益相关者的合作与联盟。研究采用了混合方法,包括文献综述、国际调查以及从已制定成功举措的非洲大学中选取的案例研究。研究揭示了重大差异,如非洲国家对气候变化及其相关极端事件可能造成的后果的不同看法。此外,研究还强调了在一些具体问题上存在明显共识的领域。研究还全面介绍了各大学在多个领域为减缓和适应气候变化而实施的不同战略。尽管人们越来越关注为减缓气候变化影响和适应其后果的共同任务做出贡献的必要性,但高等院校仍需加大努力,加强其教授和研究人员的工作。本文概述了需要采取的一些行动,以便大学在全球应对气候变化相关问题的努力中发挥更加积极的作用。学术界的行动者将重点放在应对非洲的气候变化挑战上。此外,还积极强调利用科学和研究来理解气候变化问题,并提供广泛适用的适应和缓解工具,以保护人类和环境。因此,非洲的大学必须加强气候变化领域的专业知识,提高开展创新研究的能力,以应对与不断变化的气候有关的各种挑战,这一点至关重要,而且具有时间敏感性。本研究为非洲大学提供了一些有益的经验,以推广在不同国家和背景下取得成果的经验。
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引用次数: 0
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Environmental Sciences Europe
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