Physics and Chemistry of the Earth最新文献_第7页

Perturbation in meander behaviour of a subtropical river in India under variable natural and anthropogenic controls 印度一条亚热带河流在可变自然和人为控制下的蜿蜒行为扰动

IF 3 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2024.103755

Susmita Ghosh , Aznarul Islam , Balai Chandra Das , Subodh Chandra Pal , Abu Reza Md Towfiqul Islam , Sahil Mallick

Meander morphology is perturbed worldwide by human interventions to a certain extent in the Anthropocene. To this end, the present study aims to investigate the meander behaviour, including its deformations, of the Kopai River, a subtropical river in India in the last 50 years (1970–2020). A total of 394 loops (134 loops each in 1970 and 1995 and 126 loops in 2020) were selected for the four river reaches – the upper, middle-upper, middle-lower, and lower reaches. The meandering behaviour was assessed using Mueller's sinuosity index (SI), meander form index, meander shape index, and radius/wavelength ratio. The study found a higher meandering tendency in the lower and upper reaches controlled by fluvial hydraulics, and topographic factors. However, the middle reaches were comparatively stable. The meander loops along the middle reaches regular meander is the dominant meander type, however, more than 50% of meander loops for the lower reaches were intense meander types. Positive extensions were the predominant type of meander deformation in all the reaches. However, few negative extensions are found in the middle-upper and lower reaches, while irregular changes and cut-offs were only found in the lower reach. Thus, the upper and lower reaches exhibited more natural controls dotted with regular meander progression. The middle reaches characterized by higher Bouguer anomaly and steep basement gradient led to channel confinement. Besides, profuse sand mining and the brick kiln industries are perturbing the meander beahviour through human channel straightening, dwarfing the meander evolution in the middle reaches.

在人类世，河曲形态在一定程度上受到人类干预的影响。为此，本研究旨在调查过去 50 年（1970-2020 年）印度亚热带河流科派河的蜿蜒行为，包括其变形。研究选取了四条河流的上游、中上游、中下游和下游共 394 个河圈（1970 年和 1995 年各 134 个河圈，2020 年 126 个河圈）。使用穆勒蜿蜒度指数（SI）、蜿蜒形态指数、蜿蜒形状指数和半径/波长比对蜿蜒行为进行了评估。研究发现，受河道水力学和地形因素的控制，下游和上游的蜿蜒趋势较强。然而，中游则相对稳定。中游的蜿蜒环流以规则蜿蜒型为主，但下游超过 50%的蜿蜒环流为强烈蜿蜒型。正延伸是所有河段蜿蜒变形的主要类型。但是，在中上游和下游发现的负延伸很少，而只有在下游发现了不规则变化和截断。因此，上游和下游表现出更多的自然控制，点缀着有规律的蜿蜒进展。中游的布格尔异常较高，基底坡度陡峭，导致河道受限。此外，大量的采砂和砖窑工业通过人为的河道拉直扰乱了河曲形态，使中游的河曲演变相形见绌。

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引用次数: 0

Changes monitoring in Hongjiannao Lake from 1987 to 2023 using Google Earth Engine and analysis of climatic and anthropogenic forces 利用谷歌地球引擎监测红碱淖湖 1987-2023 年的变化并分析气候和人为因素

IF 3 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2024.103756

Md. Enamul Huq , Xijun Wu , Akib Javed , Ying Dong , Bingbing Li , David Lopez-Carr , Jiang Wu , Jing Liu , Yaning Zhang , Fanping Zhang , Muhammad Riaz , Md. Nazirul Islam Sarker , Walid Soufan , Khalid F. Almutairi , Aqil Tariq

The research aimed to quantify the lake area dynamics, evaluate the changes in distance and rate of lake shorelines quantitatively and spatially and investigate the key factors influencing the Hongjiannao Lake (HL) area shrinkage. The study used remote sensing (RS) data from Landsat TM/ETM+ and OLI images and Google Earth Engine (GEE), a cloud platform for obtaining the lake surface area and island information from 1987 to 2023. A modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI) was applied to water area extraction. Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) was employed to assess net shoreline movement (NSM) and depict the lake shoreline length and rate changes. Furthermore, the water level was derived by ASTER GDEM V2 using the waterline method and lake boundaries. Six climatic features (temperature, precipitation, potential and actual evaporation, aridity index, and actual water difference) were investigated to find the driving factors of lake area shrinkage by correlation and factor analysis. The results reveal that during 1987–2023, the HL area has undergone four separate phases: stable (1987–1997), shrinkage (1998–2015), growth (2016–2019), and reduction (2020–2023). The most substantial negative change (−7.45%) in the HL area was observed in 1998. NSM analysis demonstrates that the lake has experienced both expansion and shrinkage at various times and locations. According to Water Balance Method, the water volume of HL exhibited variations, ranging from −0.1895 to −0.009 km³. The average yearly change in lake volume, water level, and area displayed similar characteristics with high inconstancy. Correlation and factor analysis of lake area and climatic factors demonstrate that higher precipitation, low temperatures, less potential evaporation level, lower actual evaporation rates, and more minor differences in water levels are associated with an increase in lake area. In contrast, the opposite conditions lead to a reduction in lake size.

该研究旨在量化湖泊面积动态变化，从定量和空间上评价湖泊岸线距离和速率的变化，并探究影响红碱淖湖面积缩小的关键因素。研究利用 Landsat TM/ETM+ 和 OLI 图像的遥感（RS）数据以及谷歌地球引擎（GEE）云平台，获取了 1987 年至 2023 年的湖面面积和湖岛信息。水域面积提取采用了修正的归一化差异水指数（MNDWI）。数字湖岸线分析系统（DSAS）用于评估湖岸线的净移动（NSM），并描述湖岸线长度和速率的变化。此外，水位由 ASTER GDEM V2 使用水线法和湖泊边界得出。研究了六种气候特征（气温、降水、潜在和实际蒸发量、干旱指数和实际水位差），通过相关分析和因子分析找到了湖泊面积缩小的驱动因素。结果表明，1987-2023 年间，湖泊面积分别经历了稳定（1987-1997 年）、萎缩（1998-2015 年）、增长（2016-2019 年）和减少（2020-2023 年）四个阶段。1998 年，HL 面积出现了最大幅度的负变化（-7.45%）。NSM 分析表明，湖泊在不同时间和地点经历了扩张和萎缩。根据水平衡法，HL 的水量变化范围为 -0.1895 至 -0.009 km³。湖泊容积、水位和面积的年均变化表现出相似的特征，且极不稳定。湖泊面积与气候因子的相关性和因子分析表明，降水量大、气温低、潜在蒸发量小、实际蒸发率低、水位差异较小等因素与湖泊面积的增加有关。相反，相反的条件则会导致湖泊面积减少。

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引用次数: 0

Hydrological dynamics of the shire river: Insights from baseflow and recession analysis 希尔河的水文动态：基流和衰退分析的启示

IF 3 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2024.103758

Patsani Gregory Kumambala, Lenard Kumwenda, Evance Chaima, Sheila Kavwenje, Angston Mlangeni

The Shire River, a vital waterway in Malawi, plays a pivotal role in the country's economy, serving as a source of electrical power and irrigation for surrounding communities. This study investigates the hydrological dynamics of the Shire River by examining its flow components and the influence of baseflow under varying climatic conditions. Through meticulous baseflow separation using the Eckhardt recursive digital filter and recession analysis, Lake Malawi emerges as the primary contributor to the river's baseflow, sustaining approximately 80%–82% of total flows annually of which about 78% is contributed during wet seasons. Moreover, an inverse relationship between baseflow and rainfall is observed, highlighting the significance of baseflow augmentation during drier periods. Baseflow analysis of wettest and driest years further elucidates precipitation's impact on baseflow fluctuations, emphasizing the intricate interplay between precipitation patterns and baseflow dynamics. Therefore, to ensure the sustainable management of the Shire River, it is crucial to implement policies that support the conservation of groundwater resources and the efficient allocation of water during varying climatic conditions. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the hydrological processes of the Shire River, contributing to enhanced understanding and sustainable management of this essential water resource.

希尔河是马拉维的一条重要水道，在该国经济中发挥着举足轻重的作用，是周边社区的电力和灌溉来源。本研究通过考察希尔河的流量成分以及不同气候条件下基流的影响，研究了希尔河的水文动态。通过使用埃卡递归数字滤波器和衰退分析对基流进行细致的分离，马拉维湖成为该河流基流的主要贡献者，每年维持约 80%-82% 的总流量，其中约 78% 来自雨季。此外，基流与降雨量之间存在反比关系，这突出表明了在较干旱时期增加基流的重要性。对最潮湿年份和最干旱年份的基流分析进一步阐明了降水对基流波动的影响，强调了降水模式与基流动态之间错综复杂的相互作用。因此，要确保石勒河的可持续管理，关键是要实施相关政策，支持在不同气候条件下保护地下水资源和有效分配水资源。总之，这项研究为了解石勒河的水文过程提供了宝贵的见解，有助于加强对这一重要水资源的理解和可持续管理。

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引用次数: 0

Interaction of pans and groundwater: A case study in the Khakhea- Bray Transboundary aquifer portion in South Africa 平原与地下水的相互作用：南非卡赫亚-布雷跨界含水层部分案例研究

IF 3 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth

Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2024.103753

M. Gomo, T. Ngobe

Understanding the groundwater-surface water interaction is important for the sustainable management of water resources and ecology. Most of the studies on groundwater-surface interactions are confined to aquifer-river and aquifer-lake interactions. The interactions of water pans and groundwater have not received much attention. The study aims to provide insights into the interaction of the pans and groundwater at a case study in the Khakhea-Bray dolomite Transboundary Aquifer (TBA) shared by Botswana and South Africa. The study uses field observations, geology, hydrogeophysics, and stable isotopes complimentary tools. Complimentary tools provide several evidence to corroborate the findings. The hydrogeophysics taps into the recently developed Telluric Electric Frequency Selection Method (TEFSM). Groundwater discharge zones/springs were delineated at the geological contact of the boundary of the Khakhea-Bray dolomite transboundary aquifer and the granite of the Kalahari group. 4 of the 33 research pans are in the groundwater discharge zone and are classified as groundwater dependent. The findings highlight the benefits of complimentary approaches to corroborate the findings on groundwater-surface water interactions. The TEFSM hydrogeophysics can be able to delineate groundwater discharge zones, aquifer boundaries, and the mapping of TBAs. More studies are recommended to test the TEFSM hydrogeophysical approach to study groundwater-surface water in different hydrological environments.

了解地下水与地表水的相互作用对于水资源和生态的可持续管理非常重要。关于地下水与地表水相互作用的研究大多局限于含水层与河流和含水层与湖泊之间的相互作用。水盘与地下水的相互作用还没有得到广泛关注。本研究旨在通过对博茨瓦纳和南非共有的卡赫亚-布雷白云岩跨界含水层（TBA）的案例研究，深入了解水盘与地下水之间的相互作用。研究使用了实地观测、地质学、水文地球物理学和稳定同位素等辅助工具。辅助工具为证实研究结果提供了多种证据。水文地球物理利用了最近开发的碲电频率选择法（TEFSM）。在卡赫亚-布雷白云岩跨界含水层与卡拉哈里群花岗岩边界的地质接触处划定了地下水排放区/泉眼。33 个研究洼地中有 4 个位于地下水排泄区，被归类为依赖地下水的洼地。研究结果凸显了采用补充方法来证实地下水与地表水相互作用研究结果的益处。TEFSM 水文地球物理方法可用于划定地下水排泄区、含水层边界和绘制 TBAs 图。建议开展更多研究，测试 TEFSM 水文地质物理方法，以研究不同水文环境中的地下水-地表水。

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引用次数: 0

Reconstruction of subsurface potential hydrocarbon reservoirs through 3D seismic automatic interpretation and attribute analysis 通过三维地震自动判读和属性分析重建地下潜在油气藏

IF 3 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth

Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2024.103751

Yasir Bashir, Bilge Deniz Kemerli, Tuana Yılmaz, Mert Saral, Emre Can Göknar, Elif Korkmaz

Seismic texture is an emerging concept in the field of exploration geophysics that has not been adequately understood. Despite the recent development of several approaches and algorithms, each of them has exhibited certain limitations. This study aims to utilize 3D seismic automatic interpretation to reconstruct the subsurface potential hydrocarbon reservoirs. Our goal is to unveil the intricate structures in the subsurface of the F-3 block at the offshore region of the North Sea. The research involves the use of a relative geological model (RGT) framework to analyze seismic data, determine the presence of hydrocarbon deposits, and investigate trap structures. With high-density stratal slicing, we have linked the key surfaces to significant events and manipulated the data to enhance data recognition, detection, and characterization of detailed geological features. The uniqueness of the method allows for a faster and more efficient analysis process. The research aims to analyze 3D seismic data, gain insights into the local petroleum system, and assess seismic attributes to identify features. The results underscore the value of conducting a comprehensive analysis of geological complexities, which has made significant contributions to the fields of geophysics and hydrocarbon exploration. The methodology used in this study provides valuable insights for future research and evaluation endeavors. Ultimately, the new approach Streamline your workflow by dedicating more attention to incorporating expertise in the depositional history of the basin.

地震纹理是勘探地球物理领域的一个新兴概念，尚未得到充分理解。尽管近年来开发了多种方法和算法，但每种方法和算法都有一定的局限性。本研究旨在利用三维地震自动解释重建地下潜在的油气藏。我们的目标是揭示北海近海地区 F-3 区块地下错综复杂的结构。研究涉及使用相对地质模型（RGT）框架分析地震数据、确定是否存在油气藏以及调查陷落结构。通过高密度地层切片，我们将关键表面与重要事件联系起来，并对数据进行处理，以加强数据识别、探测和详细地质特征的描述。该方法的独特性使得分析过程更快、更高效。该研究旨在分析三维地震数据，深入了解当地石油系统，评估地震属性以识别特征。研究结果凸显了对地质复杂性进行综合分析的价值，为地球物理学和油气勘探领域做出了重大贡献。本研究采用的方法为未来的研究和评估工作提供了宝贵的见解。最终，新方法通过投入更多的注意力，将盆地沉积史方面的专业知识融入其中，从而简化工作流程。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring the utility of nonlinear hybrid optimization algorithms in seismic inversion: A comparative analysis 探索非线性混合优化算法在地震反演中的应用：比较分析

IF 3 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth

Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2024.103754

Ravi Kant , Brijesh Kumar , S.P. Maurya , Raghav Singh , Anoop Kumar Tiwari

The present study integrates various local and global optimization techniques together to estimate subsurface properties from post-stack seismic data and compare their efficacy qualitatively and quantitatively. Specifically, a local gradient-based optimization method, the quasi-newton method (QNM), is combined with global techniques such as simulated annealing (SA), genetic algorithms (GA), and particle swarm optimization (PSO). These are well-established methods in geophysics. The research compares three global optimization methods (SA, GA, and PSO), their hybrid variants, and QNM for estimating subsurface acoustic impedance. The goal is to assess the trade-offs between solution accuracy and convergence efficiency, offering insights into the strengths and weaknesses of each approach. The objective is to guide the selection of the most effective optimization technique for seismic inversion, balancing quality and computational performance. Both synthetic and real seismic datasets are used to validate the proposed methodology, demonstrating its robust performance across various geological scenarios. Comparative analyses with single global inversion approaches reveal that hybrid optimization methods offer greater accuracy and reliability, positioning them as versatile tools for subsurface characterization. The results indicate that while the hybrid PSO method does not provide significant improvements over single PSO, it extends the convergence time. On the other hand, SA and GA perform adequately, but their hybrid versions considerably enhance solution quality at the cost of longer convergence times. Among the methods, SA shows the fastest convergence to the global solution, followed by GA and PSO. Hybrid SA stands out, delivering superior resolution and faster convergence compared to hybrid PSO and GA.

本研究将各种局部和全局优化技术整合在一起，利用叠后地震数据估算地下属性，并定性和定量比较其功效。具体而言，将基于梯度的局部优化方法准牛顿法（QNM）与模拟退火（SA）、遗传算法（GA）和粒子群优化（PSO）等全局技术相结合。这些都是地球物理学中成熟的方法。本研究比较了三种全局优化方法（SA、GA 和 PSO）及其混合变体，以及用于估算地下声阻抗的 QNM。目的是评估求解精度和收敛效率之间的权衡，深入了解每种方法的优缺点。目的是指导地震反演选择最有效的优化技术，同时兼顾质量和计算性能。合成地震数据集和真实地震数据集都用于验证所提出的方法，证明了该方法在各种地质情况下的稳健性能。与单一全局反演方法的对比分析表明，混合优化方法具有更高的准确性和可靠性，是地下表征的多功能工具。结果表明，虽然混合 PSO 方法与单一 PSO 相比没有显著改进，但却延长了收敛时间。另一方面，SA 和 GA 表现出色，但它们的混合版本以更长的收敛时间为代价，大大提高了解决方案的质量。在所有方法中，SA 能最快收敛到全局解，其次是 GA 和 PSO。与混合 PSO 和 GA 相比，混合 SA 脱颖而出，提供了更优越的分辨率和更快的收敛速度。

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引用次数: 0

Unveiling the elemental composition, sources and health impacts of PM10 over the central Indo-Gangetic plain (IGP) of India 揭示印度印度洋-甘地平原（IGP）中部上空可吸入颗粒物（PM10）的元素组成、来源和对健康的影响

IF 3 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth

Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2024.103752

Preeti Tiwari , Bharat Ji Mehrotra , Sakshi Gupta , Manoj K. Srivastava , Manoj Kumar , Narayanasamy Vijayan , Arti Choudhary , Sudhir Kumar Sharma

This study investigates the PM₁₀ pollution in the central Indo−Gangetic plain (IGP) of India from February 2018 to December 2019, revealing an annual average PM₁₀ concentration of 193±65 μg m^−³. Seasonal concentrations peaked in winter season followed by summer, post-monsoon and monsoon seasons. WD−XRF identifying 35 elements, including major elements like Si, Al, Ca, and Fe, which contributed 18% to PM₁₀ concentrations. The enrichment factor analysis indicates that the Rb, Sr, and Na originate from natural sources, while Fe, Al, Mn, K, Ca, Mg, and Zr have both natural and anthropogenic sources. The remaining elements are primarily of anthropogenic origin. Source apportionment through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed the six key PM₁₀ sources: mixed type (dust+biomass burning, 42%), vehicular (24%), industrial (15%), combustion (7%), agricultural activities (6%), and fossil fuel combustion (6%). Local sources from the northwest (NW) and west (W) directions were dominant, with smaller contributions from trans-boundary regions like Afghanistan and Pakistan. Health risk assessments highlighted non-carcinogenic risks from Mn for adults and children, with additional risks from Al and Cr for children, and carcinogenic risks from Cr for adults. The risk of Al, Cr and Mn in Varanasi are likely driven by combustion related activities, as Cr and Mn in PM₁₀ are commonly associated with industrial and vehicular emission sources.

本研究调查了 2018 年 2 月至 2019 年 12 月期间印度中部印度-甘地平原（IGP）的 PM10 污染情况，结果显示 PM10 年平均浓度为 193±65 μg m-³。季节性浓度峰值出现在冬季，其次是夏季、季风后和季风季节。WD-XRF 鉴定出 35 种元素，包括硅、铝、钙和铁等主要元素，占 PM10 浓度的 18%。富集因子分析表明，铷、锶和鈉来自天然来源，而铁、铝、锰、钾、钙、镁和锆既有天然来源，也有人为来源。其余元素主要来自人为来源。通过主成分分析（PCA）进行的来源分配显示了 PM10 的六个主要来源：混合型（灰尘+生物质燃烧，42%）、车辆（24%）、工业（15%）、燃烧（7%）、农业活动（6%）和化石燃料燃烧（6%）。西北（NW）和西部（W）方向的本地来源占主导地位，阿富汗和巴基斯坦等跨境地区的来源较少。健康风险评估强调了锰对成人和儿童的非致癌风险，铝和铬对儿童的额外风险，以及铬对成人的致癌风险。瓦拉纳西的铝、铬和锰风险可能是由燃烧相关活动造成的，因为 PM10 中的铬和锰通常与工业和车辆排放源有关。

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引用次数: 0

Comprehensive groundwater potential mapping in Nagaland, India using integrated geo-spatial techniques 利用综合地理空间技术绘制印度那加兰邦地下水潜力综合图

IF 3 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth

Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2024.103738

Subhrajyoti Deb, Azeri Kenye

Groundwater is essential for a sustainable future, yet identifying potential groundwater zones remains challenging in regions with varied hydro-geological conditions. Nagaland is a state in north-eastern India characterized by diverse terrain, complex geological formations, and seasonal variations in rainfall. The objective of the present study is to evaluate groundwater potential zones in Nagaland using an integrated Geographic Information System (GIS) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology, resulting in the first comprehensive map addressing the region's diverse hydro-geological conditions. Several attributes like geomorphology, geology, slope, soil, rainfall, drainage density, and Land use/Land cover (LU/LC) were generated from available data resources like Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 satellite imageries, the Geological Survey of India (GSI), Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and the Climatic Research Unit (CRU). These datasets are extracted using the Arc-GIS (Arc-GIS Desktop 10.8.1), with weights assigned according to Saaty's scale, and subsequently normalized through the AHP. The findings reveal that 14% (2240km²) of the state has very good groundwater potential, 42% (6720 km²) is classified as good, 9% (1440 km²) as moderate, 27% (4320 km²) as poor, and 8% (1280 km²) as very poor. These insights are significant for regions like Mokokchung, Longleng, and Wokha, which require urgent intervention. Conversely, the study identifies Dimapur and Chumoukedima as areas with significant groundwater potential, capable of meeting rising water demands. The validation of these results using well discharge data from 12 monitoring wells supports these findings.

地下水对未来的可持续发展至关重要，但在水文地质条件各不相同的地区，确定潜在的地下水区仍具有挑战性。那加兰邦位于印度东北部，地形多样，地质构造复杂，降雨量随季节变化。本研究的目的是利用地理信息系统（GIS）和层次分析法（AHP）对那加兰邦的地下水潜势区进行综合评估，从而绘制出第一张针对该地区不同水文地质条件的综合地图。地貌、地质、坡度、土壤、降雨量、排水密度和土地利用/土地覆盖（LU/LC）等属性均来自现有的数据资源，如 Landsat 8 和 Sentinel-2 卫星图像、印度地质调查局 (GSI)、环境系统研究所 (ESRI)、联合国粮农组织 (FAO) 和气候研究单位 (CRU)。这些数据集使用 Arc-GIS（Arc-GIS Desktop 10.8.1）提取，并根据萨蒂标度分配权重，随后通过 AHP 进行归一化处理。研究结果显示，该州 14% 的地区（2240 平方公里）地下水潜力非常好，42% 的地区（6720 平方公里）地下水潜力良好，9% 的地区（1440 平方公里）地下水潜力中等，27% 的地区（4320 平方公里）地下水潜力较差，8% 的地区（1280 平方公里）地下水潜力极差。这些结论对莫克涌、龙陵和沃卡等需要紧急干预的地区意义重大。与此相反，研究发现迪马布尔和朱穆凯迪马地区的地下水潜力巨大，能够满足日益增长的用水需求。利用 12 口监测井的排水数据对这些结果进行了验证，从而证实了上述结论。

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引用次数: 0

Quantitative assessment of Hurricane Ian’s damage on urban vegetation dynamics utilizing Landsat 9 in Fort Myers, Florida 利用 Landsat 9 对佛罗里达州迈尔斯堡飓风伊恩对城市植被动态造成的破坏进行定量评估

IF 3 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth

Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2024.103750

Md Zakaria Salim , Abdulla Al Kafy , Hamad Ahmed Altuwaijri , Md Tanvir Miah , Pankaj Kanti Jodder , Zullyadini A. Rahaman

Florida’s unique climatic and geographical features have profoundly influenced its hurricane history. This study quantitatively examines the effects of Hurricane Ian on urban vegetation in Fort Myers, Florida, using remote sensing data. We analyzed pre- and post-hurricane vegetation indices, including NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), ARVI (Atmospherically Resistant Vegetation Index), and SAVI (Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index). Our findings reveal varied spatial impacts, with NDVI changes ranging from −0.03 to 0.333, ARVI changes from −0.016 to 0.25, and SAVI changes from −0.04 to 0.5. Negative values indicate vegetation damage, while positive values suggest resilience or recovery. The study area experienced a 63.75% reduction in vegetation cover, from 67.10 km² before Hurricane Ian to 24.325 km² after. Pre-hurricane NDVI ranged from −0.2298 to 0.5663, while post-hurricane values ranged from −0.189 to 0.521, indicating overall vegetation stress. ARVI maxima decreased from 0.379 to 0.352, and SAVI maxima from 0.849 to 0.782, further confirming vegetation damage. Support Vector Machine classification achieved 89% accuracy (Kappa = 0.85) for pre-hurricane and 87% (Kappa = 0.83) for post-hurricane vegetation mapping. These findings enhance our understanding of hurricane impacts on urban green infrastructure, with significant implications for urban planning and disaster preparedness in coastal cities prone to extreme weather events. The outcomes enhance damage assessment methodologies and provide valuable insights into the ecological consequences of hurricanes on urban ecosystems.

佛罗里达州独特的气候和地理特征对其飓风历史产生了深远的影响。本研究利用遥感数据定量研究了飓风伊恩对佛罗里达州迈尔斯堡城市植被的影响。我们分析了飓风前后的植被指数，包括归一化差异植被指数（NDVI）、抗大气植被指数（ARVI）和土壤调整植被指数（SAVI）。我们的研究结果显示了不同的空间影响，NDVI 变化范围从 -0.03 到 0.333，ARVI 变化范围从 -0.016 到 0.25，SAVI 变化范围从 -0.04 到 0.5。负值表示植被受损，而正值则表明植被具有恢复能力或正在恢复。研究区域的植被覆盖面积减少了 63.75%，从飓风伊恩前的 67.10 平方公里减少到飓风伊恩后的 24.325 平方公里。飓风前的归一化差异植被指数从-0.2298 到 0.5663 不等，而飓风后的数值则从-0.189 到 0.521 不等，表明植被总体处于紧张状态。ARVI 最大值从 0.379 降至 0.352，SAVI 最大值从 0.849 降至 0.782，进一步证实了植被受损情况。支持向量机分类法对飓风前和飓风后植被绘图的准确率分别为 89%（Kappa = 0.85）和 87%（Kappa = 0.83）。这些发现加深了我们对飓风对城市绿色基础设施影响的理解，对易受极端天气事件影响的沿海城市的城市规划和备灾工作具有重要意义。这些成果加强了损害评估方法，并为了解飓风对城市生态系统造成的生态后果提供了宝贵的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Remote sensing analysis and geodynamic setting of magmatic spessartine-almandine-bearing leucogranites, Um Addebaa area, southeastern Desert, Egypt: Bulk rock and mineral chemistry 埃及东南部沙漠 Um Addebaa 地区岩浆锰铝榴石的遥感分析和地球动力环境：岩体和矿物化学

IF 3 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth

Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2024.103749

Farrage M. Khaleal , David R. Lentz , Samir Z. Kamh , Gehad M. Saleh , Fathy Abdalla , El Saeed R. Lasheen

This study aims to incorporate optical multispectral remote sensing, petrography, geochemical, and field investigations in producing mapping and surface abundance of garnet mineralization within Um Addebaa area, southeastern Desert of Egypt. Datasets of Landsat-8 OLI/TIRS, ASTER, and Sentinel-2A (S2A) were handled and scaled enhanced to discriminate the units of lithologic rock and garnet mineralization. The spectral mapping techniques of constrained energy minimization (CEM) and matched filtering (MF) are used to detect the garnet-rich zones, which are confined to the leucogranites masses. These granites are spessartine-almandine-rich, certainly along the zone of interaction with the ophiolitic mélange. Notably, they have high total alkalis, SiO₂, and Al₂O₃, Rb, 10⁴Ga/Al, Y, Zr, Pb, Rb/Sr, Al₂O₃/TiO₂, and FeO/MgO, and strong Ti, Sr, and Ba depletion as well as low CaO/Na₂O ratio (<0.3). These geochemical parameters reflect their calc-alkaline nature, and strongly peraluminous S-type magma composition. They are derived by two episodes of partial melting clay-rich metapelite crustal rocks followed by extreme Fe–Ti oxides and feldspar fractionation. These leucogranites formed within an extension tectonic regime during a post-collisional episode, resulting in raising of the asthenosphere and partial melting of the crustal metasedimentary rocks. Garnet occurs as aggregates and/or vein like-shape, subhedral to rounded grains, homogeneous and rarely reveal weak zonation. It's cracked and free of inclusions. It contains appreciatable concentrations of FeO and MnO and minor amounts of CaO and MgO, dominantly spessartine-almandine end-member (Alm_52-59Sps _31-36 Grs _8-12 Prp_0.5-0.8 Adr₀). Garnet chemical compositions reflect its magmatic origin with MnO–FeO-bearing magma that is produced from in situ nucleation from strongly peraluminous magmas in a post-collision geotectonic setting.

本研究旨在结合光学多光谱遥感、岩石学、地球化学和实地调查，绘制埃及东南部沙漠 Um Addebaa 地区的石榴石矿化图并确定其地表丰度。对 Landsat-8 OLI/TIRS、ASTER 和 Sentinel-2A (S2A) 数据集进行了处理和比例增强，以区分岩性岩石和石榴石矿化单元。利用约束能量最小化（CEM）和匹配滤波（MF）的光谱制图技术来探测富含石榴石的区域，这些区域仅限于白榴石岩块。这些花岗岩富含锰铝榴石，当然是沿着与蛇绿混杂岩相互作用的区域。值得注意的是，它们具有较高的总碱、SiO2、Al2O3、Rb、104Ga/Al、Y、Zr、Pb、Rb/Sr、Al2O3/TiO2 和 FeO/MgO，以及较强的 Ti、Sr 和 Ba 贫化和较低的 CaO/Na2O 比率（<0.3）。这些地球化学参数反映了它们的钙碱性和强过铝 S 型岩浆成分。它们是在富含粘土的玄武岩地壳岩石部分熔融后，经过两次极端的铁钛氧化物和长石分馏过程而形成的。这些白榴石是在碰撞后的延伸构造体系中形成的，碰撞导致星体层上升，地壳玄武岩部分熔化。石榴石呈集合体和/或脉状，近球形至圆形颗粒，均质，很少显露弱分带。石榴石呈裂纹状，不含包裹体。它含有可观浓度的氧化铁和氧化锰以及少量的氧化钙和氧化镁，主要成分为锰铝榴石末段（Alm52-59Sps 31-36 Grs 8-12 Prp0.5-0.8 Adr0）。石榴石的化学成分反映了其岩浆来源，即在碰撞后的大地构造环境中，由强过铝岩浆原地成核产生的含氧化锰-氧化铁的岩浆。

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引用次数: 0