Physics and Chemistry of the Earth最新文献_第4页

Study on the mechanical properties of desert sand concrete under dry-wet cycles with sulfate erosion

IF 3 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth

Pub Date : 2025-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2025.103852

Wenjing Xu , Haifeng Liu , Dongyang Qin , Shu Ing Doh

To evaluate the potential application of desert sand concrete (DSC) in the construction industry, the evolution of its properties in the conjoint impact of sulfate corrosion and dry-wet (D-W) cycles was investigated. In this study, a range of variables were taken into account, including desert sand replacement rate (DSRR, 0,40,60%), D-W cycles (0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 cycles) and mass fraction of sodium sulfate solution (3, 5 and 7%). The performance deterioration of DSC such as ultrasonic parameters, dynamic elastic modulus and damage parameters were analyzed under sulfate environment. Uniaxial compression tests ascertained the peak stress, peak strain and the compressive stress-strain curve of DSC under a range of sulfate D-W cycles. Microscopic testing techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were utilized to examine the microstructure morphology and phase composition of DSC. The experimental findings demonstrated that the ability of DSC to resist corrosion characteristics could be effectively improved under sulfate attack and D-W cycles when desert sand was added at 40%. The peak stress of DSC was improved first and then diminished with the progression of D-W cycles, attaining the maximum value at 60 D-W cycles, while peak strain gradually decreased and then increased. SEM and XRD test results revealed that sulfate crystals and continuing formation of expansive materials like gypsum (CaSO₄·2 H₂O) and ettringite (AFt) were the principal elements causing the degradation of DSC as the D-W cycles increased.

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引用次数: 0

Analysis of driving factors and suitability assessment for raft aquaculture in the Northern China seas using remote sensing data

IF 3 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth

Pub Date : 2025-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2025.103861

Long Gao , Xiao He , Junmin Zhang , Bo Wang , Sijia Tian , Kunfu Wang , Mengnan Chen , Wenzhuo Lin , Xian Wu , Mingrui Fan

Remote sensing technology and its derived products have enabled large-scale suitability assessments for marine aquaculture, critically important for ensuring the safety of marine aquaculture products and the sustainable development of the marine aquaculture industry in China. In this study, multi-source remote sensing data and Geographical Detector analysis were employed to quantitatively evaluate the driving factors of raft aquaculture in the northern maritime regions of China. Additionally, an evaluation indicator system for raft aquaculture suitability was developed, and the suitability of raft aquaculture in 2022 was evaluated. Furthermore, the suitability of raft aquaculture under three development strategies was discussed. The results are as follows: (1) Socio-infrastructure factors rather than marine environment factors are the predominant drivers shaping the spatial pattern of raft aquaculture in the study area. (2) In 2022, 66.83% of the raft aquaculture areas were located in regions deemed suitable for farming, 29.73% were in moderately suitable areas, and only 3.44% were in areas unsuitable for aquaculture. (3) When further considering the marine environment factors, the sea area suitable for raft aquaculture does not significantly decrease, indicating that there is a certain degree of planning adjustment space in the layout of raft aquaculture within the study area. This research provides insights to inform the healthy and sustainable development of the marine farming industry in the northern waters of China.

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引用次数: 0

Physicochemical characterization and health risk modeling of atmospheric particulate matter

IF 3 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth

Pub Date : 2025-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2025.103863

Suresh Kumar, Shiv Kumar Dwivedi

The intention of this investigation is to inspect the variations in air quality and highlight the physicochemical aspect of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ and its health risk in the most polluted city Lucknow, India during 2019 and 2020. The sampling of both pollutants PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 were conducted 4 times/month for 24 h in four diverse urban areas of Lucknow viz., institutional-(BBAU), residential-(Gomti Nagar), semi-commercial-(Indira Nagar) and commercial cum traffic area-(Hazratganj). The PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 particles were taken on glass microfiber filter paper using Respirable Dust Sampler and Fine Particulate Sampler respectively. The decline in levels of PM_2.5, PM₁₀ and air quality index were found 43%, 42% and 38% μg/m³ respectively in 2020 compared to 2019. The morphological and elemental compositions of PM₁₀ and PM₂_.₅ pollutants displayed wide disparity during the study period, the key components viz., lead-(spherical), cadmium-(crystalline), biological particles-(capsule/oval), carbon particles-(spherical-porous) and vehicle exhaust-(slight-spherical). The health exposure of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 has also been computed on AirQ+, long-term exposure to PM₁₀ led to a 38% decline in post-neonatal mortality for all causes in 2020 compared to 2019. Whereas the long-term magnitude of mortality due to all causes from PM_2.5 exposure was 46% lower in 2020 compared to 2019. This sharp reduction in air quality and remarkable improvement in mortality in 2020 compared to 2019 was linked to controlled anthropogenic activities because of the COVID-19 pandemic. These reductions in PMs as well as in all-cause mortality led to significant improvement in air quality in 2020 compared to 2019.

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引用次数: 0

Mitigating coastal flood risks in the Sundarbans: A combined InVEST and machine learning approach

IF 3 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth

Pub Date : 2025-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2025.103855

Ismail Mondal , Vahnishikha Mishra , SK Ariful Hossain , Hamad Ahmed Altuwaijri , Mukhiddin Juliev , Amlan De

Adjacent marine, terrestrial, and climatic systems and their dynamic interactions impact the complex estuarine and coastal processes in the West Bengal portion of the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Meghna (GBM), known as the Sundarbans delta. Human expansion has designed the coastal sea, ponds, marshes, and estuary islands in this region to withstand the negative effects of societal, economic, recreational, and residential activities. Environmental factors such as increasing sea levels and climate change are significant sources of concern in this sensitive area. In recent decades, coastal flooding has emerged as a worldwide issue. Consequently, communities must prioritize the mitigation of flood risks. We use the InVEST and coastal flood risk mitigation (CFRM) model for the Sundarban deltaic region to analyze flood conditions caused by successive rainfalls of varying intensities and identify potential mitigating solutions. Increasing sea levels and global warming are endangering coastal regions to an escalating degree. Ongoing erosion and cyclones, which often deliver substantial rainfall, endanger human life and property, especially along low-lying deltaic coastlines. The Sundarbans and its mangrove ecosystems along India's east coast are vulnerable to tropical super-cyclones, and their resistance has diminished in recent decades owing to several adverse environmental stresses, including changing climate conditions. This study used the InVEST-CFRM model to evaluate the vulnerability of the Sundarbans' mangrove-fringed coastline in relation to flood volume and runoff attenuation index. We used the InVEST-CFRM model to assess the vulnerability of the intricate Indian Sundarbans. The study used machine learning (ML) methods to validate and predict the model, achieving a high accuracy value ranging from 0.76 to 0.99. The results demonstrate a steady increase in flooding along the deltaic coast of the Sundarbans in recent decades. The central regions of the Sundarbans are least vulnerable to flooding, but human settlements in these areas are most at risk. This research will provide effective mitigation techniques for restoring a sustainable environment and assist in identifying locations that are vulnerable to flooding and associated socioeconomic impacts.

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引用次数: 0

Microplastic pollution in agricultural environments: Origins, impacts, and mitigation strategies

IF 3 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth

Pub Date : 2025-01-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2025.103866

Shreya Singh , Saraniya S , Swati Sachdev , Kumar Satish Sahoo , Balram Ambade , Kuldeep Bauddh

Microplastic contamination is an important global issue that has been increasing rapidly due to the increased application of plastic-based commodities in various sectors, in particular, agriculture, healthcare, personal care products, construction, textiles, etc. The waste generated through these sectors majorly remains unmanaged or mismanaged leading to the contamination of the terrestrial environment. Among various sectors, agriculture largely contributes to this problem owing to the intentional use of plastic-based products or unintentional application of contaminated materials. Plastics reaching to soil are migrated and disintegrated into small micro-size fragments leading to microplastic pollution. Migration is influenced by the number of soil characteristics, soil biota activities, and/or management choices, whereas transformation occurs via photo-degradation, microbial degradation, and/or mechanical abrasion. Microplastics on disintegration releases harmful additives and monomers in soil and act as carriers of toxic compounds, inducing serious risk toward living organisms. The ubiquitous occurrence of micro-sized plastic in agricultural ecosystems, mismanagement of waste, and the associated risk have ignited global concern. Thus, management of microplastic pollution is crucial, which requires an integrated approach at the individual as well as community level. Moreover, involvement of government, stakeholders, and policy-makers is crucial to meet the increasing challenge of microplastic pollution.

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引用次数: 0

Groundwater modelling applications coupled with space-based observations in groundwater-dependent assessments: A review on applications, challenges, and future research directions

IF 3 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth

Pub Date : 2025-01-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2025.103860

Qawekazi Msesane , Siyamthanda Gxokwe , Timothy Dube

In recent years, there has been a growing recognition of the ecological significance of groundwater-dependent ecosystems (GDEs), which rely on groundwater for sustainability and face increasing vulnerability due to environmental stresses. This has led to a substantial body of literature investigating various aspects of GDEs and their hydrogeological connectivity to underlying aquifers. Nevertheless, the field lacks a comprehensive synthesis that integrates theoretical models, spatial data integration, and advanced groundwater modeling techniques. Furthermore, GDEs confront escalating threats arising from land-use changes, climate variability, and groundwater depletion, it becomes imperative to identify research gaps and limitations in current methodologies and approaches. This imperative guide the development of effective conservation and management strategies. Thus, this review offers a comprehensive exploration, delving into the background and classification of GDEs. It further examines a range of models and conceptual frameworks employed to understand the hydrogeological connectivity to underlying aquifers, while also assessing the integration of spatial data with numerical models for groundwater modelling. However, there are concerns with regards to the mismatch in spatial and temporal scales between remote sensing data and groundwater models, which leads to difficulties in integration. Furthermore, there is limited ground truth data, especially in remote areas, which further complicates validation efforts. However, this review identified the need for the integration of spatial data to groundwater numerical modelling to improve the accuracy of the model results by providing more detailed information about the geology and hydrogeology of the area being observed. Moreover, this review sheds light on the ecological significance of understanding GDE-aquifer connectivity and its critical role in conservation efforts within these ecosystems.

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引用次数: 0

Statistical downscaling of climate variables for local forecasts and applications to improve climate change prediction in upper Blue Nile Basin

IF 3 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth

Pub Date : 2025-01-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2025.103867

Abebe Tadesse Bulti, Gonse Amelo Yutura

Climate change studies are indeed crucial for sustainable and resilient development, especially in vulnerable regions. These studies help in understanding local climate change impacts under different scenarios, which is essential for water resource management, disaster mitigation, and agricultural development. Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM), in common with CanESM5 (CMIP6) and counterparts CanESM2 (CMIP5) was used to predict temperature and rainfall in the study basin. CanESM5 (CMIP6) predictions were higher than CanESM2 (CMIP5) for both rainfall and temperature. Both CanESM2 and CanESM5 outputs fit well with observed data (R² values of 0.8–0.9) suggest good model performance. This is consistent with other studies that have found GCMs, including CanESM models, to be effective in simulating climate parameters. Projection of increased rainfall (up to 120 mm and 250 mm monthly for CanESM2 and CanESM5 respectively) with some areas showing reduction (up to 50 mm) aligns with the general trend of increased variability in precipitation patterns under climate change scenarios. The projected temperature increases of 0.5–2 °C is consistent with global warming trends for maximum temperature. The variation in minimum temperatures was not significant at most stations, with some showing up to 1 °C increase, is noteworthy and may have implications for local ecosystems and agriculture. Statistical downscaling works well for average predictions but struggles with extreme events is an important limitation to note. This aligns with the general challenges in climate modeling, where capturing extreme events remains a significant area for improvement.

{"title":"Statistical downscaling of climate variables for local forecasts and applications to improve climate change prediction in upper Blue Nile Basin","authors":"Abebe Tadesse Bulti, Gonse Amelo Yutura","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.103867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.103867","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change studies are indeed crucial for sustainable and resilient development, especially in vulnerable regions. These studies help in understanding local climate change impacts under different scenarios, which is essential for water resource management, disaster mitigation, and agricultural development. Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM), in common with CanESM5 (CMIP6) and counterparts CanESM2 (CMIP5) was used to predict temperature and rainfall in the study basin. CanESM5 (CMIP6) predictions were higher than CanESM2 (CMIP5) for both rainfall and temperature. Both CanESM2 and CanESM5 outputs fit well with observed data (R<sup>2</sup> values of 0.8–0.9) suggest good model performance. This is consistent with other studies that have found GCMs, including CanESM models, to be effective in simulating climate parameters. Projection of increased rainfall (up to 120 mm and 250 mm monthly for CanESM2 and CanESM5 respectively) with some areas showing reduction (up to 50 mm) aligns with the general trend of increased variability in precipitation patterns under climate change scenarios. The projected temperature increases of 0.5–2 °C is consistent with global warming trends for maximum temperature. The variation in minimum temperatures was not significant at most stations, with some showing up to 1 °C increase, is noteworthy and may have implications for local ecosystems and agriculture. Statistical downscaling works well for average predictions but struggles with extreme events is an important limitation to note. This aligns with the general challenges in climate modeling, where capturing extreme events remains a significant area for improvement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 103867"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Petroleum source rock characterization and hydrocarbon generating potential of sediments from Surghar range, Kohat plateau, Upper Indus Basin

IF 3 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth

Pub Date : 2025-01-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2025.103853

Fraz Khalid , Arif Nazir , Saeed Abbas , Munawar Iqbal

This study focusses on the investigation of hydrocarbon generating potential of the Surghar Range Kohat Plateau, Upper Indus. The potential source rock of Paleocene, Cretaceous and Jurassic rocks including the Patala, Hangu, Chichali, SamnaSuk, Shinawari, Datta formations were assessed through geochemical analysis of their well cuttings. These analyses include Rock-Eval Pyrolysis, TOC, Kerogen type, thermal maturity and depositional environment. The TOC, wt. % reveals that sixteen samples of M-03 well of Patala Formation (0.91−10.62 wt %) show excellent quality, while other formations belong to N-02 and C-02 exhibit have fair to good quality of OM. The hydrogen index (HI) values of M-03 oil well for the Patala formation are ranging from 200 to 318 exhibit Type II/III Kerogen. HI value of N-02 well for the Patala Formation are greater than 300 indicates Type II Kerogen whereas other samples show OM of Type III Kerogen. The thermal maturity of the Patala Formation of M-03, N-02 and C-02 oil wells falls in early stage oil window and all the other analyzed formations are thermally immature. Genetic potential is generally in good range except for small number of samples from Chichali, SamanaSuk, Shinawari and Datta formations, which indicate poor genetic potential values. This study uniquely identifies the kerogen types and thermal maturity of under study formations, providing critical insights for understanding their economic viability. By highlighting the differences in organic matter quality across formations, it fills a gap in the existing literature and supports informed decision-making for future exploration efforts.

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引用次数: 0

Influence of stress changes caused during the coseismic and postseismic periods of the 2008 Wenchuan MS 8.0 earthquake on May 12th on the MS 4.1 earthquake in the Xiangxi area of the three Gorges reservoir on November 22, 2008

IF 3 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth

Pub Date : 2025-01-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2025.103865

Ye Wu , Yunsheng Yao , Weibing Qin , Guanwen Gu , Yongge Wan , Shunji Wang , Lai Cao

To investigate the seismic hazards caused by large earthquakes around the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), we calculate the postseismic quasistatic Coulomb failure stress (CFS) and the coseismic dynamic changes in the CFS generated by the Wenchuan earthquake (WCE, mainshock) on May 12, 2008(WCE), in the TGR area. For the coseismic dynamic CFS changes, the results show that in the first few minutes after the WCE, the seismic waves spread to the Xiangxi earthquake (XXE) area in the Xiannvshan fault (XNF) zone on November 22, 2008.The dynamic change in the CFS generated in the XNF zone was positive, with a peak value of 1.32 MPa. This result indicates that the coseismic dynamic change in the CFS generated by the WCE made the rocks in the XNF zone more susceptible to fracturing and weakening, which may have triggered the XXE in the TGR. The results reveal that the postseismic quasistatic CFS changes were positive and increased with depth, reaching approximately 0.05KPa at the epicenter before the XXE, resulting in the quasistatic change in the CFS generated by the WCE on the XNF surface. The postearthquake quasistatic change in the CFS exhibited a small positive value, indicating that shear stress had been continuously applied on the fault plane to promote sliding of the fault plane, which may have had a certain impact on the fault rupture. This study has practical importance for analyzing the seismic hazards of large earthquakes near the TGR and the earthquake resistance and defense of the TGR area.

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引用次数: 0

3D geo-seismic data enhancement leveraging geophysical attributes for hydrocarbon prospect and geological illumination

IF 3 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth

Pub Date : 2025-01-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2025.103854

Yasir Bashir, Damla Nur Akdeniz, Dilara Balci, Melihcan Soner, Deniz Utkan Ozturk, Muhammed Tekin, Doğa Doğan, Abdullah Karaman, Caner İmren

The process of 3D Geo-Seismic interpretation focuses on the precise characterization of subsurface geological structures and lithological properties, as well as the identification of rocks that contain hydrocarbons. This research focuses on the challenge of analyzing seismic data from a geophysical standpoint by employing specialized methodologies. The main objective is to explore the complex characteristics of deep geological structures that serve as reservoirs for hydrocarbon resources. The analysis thoroughly explores their structural features and complex stratigraphic layers. The analysis of the stratigraphy in the region revealed various types of irregularities through the complex seismic sections acquired during this study. Furthermore, in the context of potential hydrocarbon formations in the area, the study aims to identify trap structures and analyze phenomena such as dim spots, flat spots, and bright spots—features that are typically not present in standard seismic data. This research employs 3D Geo-Seismic data enhancement by leveraging geophysical attributes in the Cooper Basin region of Australia. The modern approach is employed to analyze seismic data for the identification of hydrocarbon deposits and the investigation of trap formations. The research objectives focus on the analysis of subsurface geology using 3D seismic data, understanding the local petroleum system, and enhancing target illumination through geophysical attributes to characterize subsurface hydrocarbon structures. This paper provides significant insights into geophysics and hydrocarbon exploration by conducting a thorough examination of geological complexities. The approach taken in this study offers important perspectives for future research and resource evaluation efforts.

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引用次数: 0