Physics and Chemistry of the Earth最新文献

{"title":"Soil–hydrology controls on groundwater microplastic contamination","authors":"S.B. Sumam ,&nbsp;Sneha Gautam ,&nbsp;Prince Arulraj","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.104225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.104225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microplastic (MP) contamination in groundwater is an emerging environmental concern with implications for human health and agricultural sustainability. Understanding soil hydrology–microplastic interactions is essential for predicting contaminant fate, managing agricultural sustainability, and protecting groundwater and aquatic ecosystems. Unlike previous studies that assess the presence of MPs in groundwater in isolation, this work integrates soil properties, hydrological dynamics, and risk assessment within a unified framework, providing a more comprehensive evaluation of microplastic contamination pathways and potential impacts. Groundwater samples were collected from 48 wells across varied hydrogeological and agricultural zones of Hiriyur Taluk, Karnataka. Soil permeability, porosity, and groundwater recharge rates were measured, and MPs were quantified using density separation and FTIR analysis. Spatial patterns of MP distribution were assessed using GIS mapping, while statistical approaches (i.e., Pearson correlation, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and regression) and machine learning, i.e., Random Forest (RF), were applied to identify key contamination predictors. MP concentrations ranged from 0.8 to 23.4 particles/L with a standard deviation of 6.75 particles/L. The polymers detected were of the order PE &gt; PP &gt; PET &gt; PS. The Random Forest model achieved an accuracy of 70 %<strong>,</strong> a precision of 60 %<strong>,</strong> and an F1-score of 0.63<strong>,</strong> reflecting balanced performance between correct classification and prediction consistency for microplastic contamination levels. Risk assessment indicated 8 out of 48 wells with greater values of MPs in drinking water, and irrigation-dependent crops exhibited potential for bioaccumulation. The results showed that high-risk zones overlap with areas of intensive farming and irrigation using MP-contaminated surface water. The study provides evidence-based policy recommendations for targeted MP monitoring of high-risk groundwater wells, retrofitting existing wells, promoting sustainable irrigation practices, stakeholders’ collaboration, and the reduction of plastic inputs into agricultural landscapes. These strategies form an integrated framework that can guide monitoring across other semi-arid agricultural settings. The findings highlight that soil permeability and recharge rates are critical drivers of MP mobility, with agricultural hotspots showing elevated contamination. These results underscore the urgent need for integrated groundwater monitoring and plastic-waste management policies in semi-arid agricultural regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 104225"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145685420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time effect of alfalfa root-soil interaction in soil consolidation and slope protection of river bank","authors":"Jian Zeng ,&nbsp;Zhangli Jin ,&nbsp;Gaopeng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2026.104270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2026.104270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the riparian zone, plants are crucial to the processes of soil consolidation and slope protection. With the development of plants, constant interaction between plant roots and soil takes place. To this end, the study took alfalfa as the object, innovatively combined plant morphology investigation and whole plant pull-out test, systematically studied the root pull-out characteristics under different growth time, soil texture, bulk density, and negative pressure conditions, and used gray correlation analysis for comprehensive evaluation. The results showed that, under the same growth time, the pull-out force and pull-out strength of alfalfa from sandy loam were greater than those from sandy soil, and alfalfa continued to be removed from sandy loam. Compared to sandy soil, time was higher. Pull-out root surface area and pull-out root biomass were the metrics that correspond to pull-out force and pull-out strength the greatest in sandy loam soil. The average correlation degrees were 0.704 and 0.744, respectively. To sum up, the research results are helpful to further understand the temporal dynamic change characteristics of root-soil mechanical interaction, and enhance the mechanism of soil consolidation and slope protection for plant roots. The theoretical contribution of the study lies in revealing the mechanical mechanism by which herbaceous plants enhance their soil fixation ability by rapidly adjusting the scale of root expansion, deepening the understanding of the time-dependent mechanical behavior of root soil complexes, and providing a solid theoretical basis for species selection and time-dependent evaluation of vegetation slope protection in riparian zones.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 104270"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A localised framework for sustainability assessment from a historical-geographical perspective: The case of Qinghai's agro-pastoral composite system in China","authors":"Fengjie Li ,&nbsp;Xiao Zhang ,&nbsp;Yang Liu ,&nbsp;Ramamoorthy Ayyamperumal","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.104241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.104241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The coupling of the ecological-economic-livelihood system in the agro-pastoral ecotone of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is crucial for sustainable development. To address the long-standing ecology-development tensions in Qinghai, stemming from historical and geographical factors, this study develops a sustainable agro-pastoral development (APSD) assessment framework and indicator system based on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We quantified the synergistic evolution of its subsystems from 2000 to 2023. The coupling coordination degree model and structural equation modeling were employed to analyze inter-subsystem interactions, while topological network analysis was applied to map the regional evolutionary trajectories. The results show that the comprehensive APSD index increased by 36.5 % (from 0.447 in 2000 to 0.610 in 2023). However, the coupling coordination degree between the social livelihood system and the agro-pastoral, ecological-environmental, and economic systems remained low, averaging only 0.38 from 2000 to 2023. Furthermore, the correlation index of the APSD process among regions showed a phased declining trend. When combined with network modularity analysis, these findings reflect an increasing spatial heterogeneity in Qinghai's APSD process, driven by modernization. The study proposes that optimizing ecological compensation mechanisms, upgrading infrastructure, and promoting regional coordinated development are key adaptive pathways for Qinghai's future sustainable development. This framework provides a replicable systematic diagnostic tool for highland agro-pastoral areas around the world, and its ‘Indicator-Model-Policy’ trinity methodology is of practical value for achieving the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 104241"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radon concentration, its deterministic and probabilistic health risks through groundwater consumption, and spatial distribution","authors":"Said Muhammad ,&nbsp;Fawad Hussain ,&nbsp;Saeeda Yousaf ,&nbsp;Zafar Iqbal ,&nbsp;Umar Farooq ,&nbsp;Ashfaq Ahmad","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.104245","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.104245","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Groundwater is the main source of drinking water. Its quality is affected by geogenic and anthropic factors. Radon (²²²Rn) is a main concern among natural contaminants due to its radioactivity and health risks. This study analyzed ²²²Rn activity in groundwater sources in Peshawar and assessed associated health risks. Samples were collected from Bore Wells, Tube Wells, and Hand Pumps, and analyzed for ²²²Rn and other physicochemical parameters. ²²²Rn concentrations ranged from 0.1 to 17.1 Bq/L, depending on the source, with the highest in Tube Wells and the lowest in Hand Pumps. Groundwater exceeded the USEPA maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 11.1 Bq/L in 7 % of samples. All samples remained below the WHO guideline of 100 Bq/L. Deterministic risk evaluation showed higher effective ingestion doses (EwIng) in infants, attributed to higher intake relative to body weight. Effective inhalation doses (EwInh) contributed more to combined annual effective doses (EwTotal), which remained below the WHO reference dose of 100 μSv/year for infants, children, and adults. Deterministic risk and probabilistic lifetime cancer risk using Monte Carlo simulation were within USEPA acceptable limits. Correlation and principal component analyses showed weak to moderate associations with other parameters and indicated geogenic controls. Groundwater presents minimal radiological risk, but periodic monitoring of Tube Wells in hotspot areas is recommended.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 104245"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extreme events and infant mortality: A mathematical modeling approach to understand climate-induced vulnerability in India","authors":"Aditi Chaturvedi,&nbsp;Mohammad Younus Bhat","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.104192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.104192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extreme climate events have increased the frequency and intensity of environmental extremes, impacting children, particularly infants. To systematically investigate how infant mortality is temporally related to extreme climate events, we created a mathematical model to demonstrate the transitory nature of the relationships in India over the period 1990–2022, using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method as an econometric approach with time series mathematical modeling. This method enables to estimate variables dynamic relationships in both the long and short run, and is ideal for addressing the complexity of extreme climatic event interactions. The empirical findings indicate that particulate matter (PM_2.5), and increased frequency of natural disaster events have a significant positive relationship with higher infant mortality rates in both long and short-run, as 1 % rise in disasters and PM_2.5 levels results in 0.05 % and 0.12 % rise in infant mortality rates respectively in the long run. The increased occurrence of vector-borne diseases has revealed mixed results as rise in malaria by 1 % leads to rise in infant mortality rates by 0.21 % in the long-run, while dengue has a negative association in the long-run. The rise in temperature and carbon emissions demonstrated a negative link with the infant mortality rate in both long and short-run. This study highlights the need for climate-resilient health systems and the need for early warning systems to protect infant health amid increasing climate extremes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 104192"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145625412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrolytic pretreatment strategies of brewery mashing wastewater for improved succinic acid production","authors":"Haidong Zhu,&nbsp;Dafang Fu,&nbsp;Yixin Yan,&nbsp;Rajendra Prasad Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2026.104290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2026.104290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Brewery mashing wastewater (BMW), rich in oligosaccharides and organic matter, was evaluated as a low-cost substrate for succinic acid (SA) production by <em>Actinobacillus succinogenes</em>. To enhance fermentability, BMW pretreatment was conducted in acid, alkaline, and enzymatic conditions, and their effects on sugar release, inhibitor formation, and fermentation performance were systematically compared. Pectinase hydrolysis (PH) proved most effective, releasing 26.47 g/L glucose and simultaneously minimizing inhibitor accumulation. Fermentation with pectinase hydrolysates achieved an SA titer of 16.19 g/L and a yield of 0.61 g SA/g glucose, exceeding reported values for food-waste hydrolysates (0.43 g SA/g glucose) and approaching yields typically obtained with refined substrates. In contrast, acid and alkaline hydrolysis generated high levels of furanic inhibitors, impairing glucose utilization and limiting SA titers (&lt;1.40 and &lt; 1.61 g/L, respectively). α-Amylase hydrolysis exhibited moderate saccharification efficiency, and glucose supplementation was required to achieve yields comparable to PH. These results highlight that pretreatment choice is pivotal in shaping fermentation outcomes by balancing sugar accessibility against inhibitor toxicity. Enzymatic hydrolysis, particularly PH, offers a scalable and environmentally friendly path to convert BMW into platform chemicals. This study provides both mechanistic insights and practical evidence supporting the integration of BMW into circular bioeconomy strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 104290"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling and fixed-bed adsorption performance of cellulose-reinforced nanochitosan for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon removal toward clean water applications","authors":"S. Sathish ,&nbsp;D. Prabu ,&nbsp;M. Karthikeyan ,&nbsp;A. Ramaraja ,&nbsp;J. Aravind Kumar ,&nbsp;R. Kamalesh ,&nbsp;A. Saravanan ,&nbsp;A.S. Vickram","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.104262","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.104262","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The impact of toxic contaminants in the environment at a lower concentration has impelled the examination of active adsorbents for the remediation of PAH. The current research pacts with the synthesis of cellulose-mediated nano chitosan (C-NC) adsorbent and investigates the remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). The XRD, BET, SEM, FTIR, and TGA investigation of the synthesized adsorbent material were investigated. The PAH removal has been considered at varying operational parameters like pH, biosorbent dosage, concentration, temperature and contact time. The determined adsorption capacity for C-NC has been intended to be 202.47 mg/g respectively. The isotherm and kinetics of PAH adsorption onto C-NC have been defined by pseudo-first-order and Langmuir model. The exothermic property of the adsorbent has been confirmed by the thermodynamic study. The fixed bed adsorption studies have provided the optimal values of operating conditions at a bed depth of 10 cm, inlet flow of 10 ml/min and PAH concentration of 25 mg/L for the aqueous sample. This examination exhibited that cellulose-mediated nano chitosan has been utilised as an effective strategy for the remediation of PAH.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 104262"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Material characterisation and simulation-based remediation of a failed earthen canal for enhanced hydraulic and structural performance","authors":"Omkar Prakash Navagire,&nbsp;Rahul Shende,&nbsp;Rakesh Kumar Verma,&nbsp;Srinivasan V.,&nbsp;Ashwini Mirajkar","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.104265","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.104265","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the rehabilitation of an earthen irrigation canal, focusing on the performance and application of innovative construction materials to improve canal efficiency and durability. Field investigations, including geotechnical sampling and topographic surveys, revealed moderately plastic, clayey soils with variable permeability that weaken the lining's integrity. To support material selection, seepage and hydraulic behaviour were assessed using SEEP/W and EPANET 2.2 simulations, which identified critical seepage rates of up to 0.83 L/s/m and pressure losses exceeding 1.5 m under peak flow conditions. Based on these findings, a comparative evaluation of repair materials, Bituminous Geomembrane (BGM), Concrete Canvas (CC), Plain Cement Concrete (PCC) lining, and Pipe Distribution Network (PDN), was carried out. These materials were assessed for their hydraulic sealing efficiency, durability, and compatibility with in situ soils. The study emphasises the significance of advanced building materials in canal restoration, highlighting their contributions to enhanced water retention, improved structural reliability, and sustainable irrigation infrastructure. The seepage loss in the existing canal is approximately 36 %, which is reduced to 0.002 % with BGM and 0.5 % with CC. Cost analysis findings are also summarised to highlight the practical significance of the results. The results support material-based strategies for repairing and enhancing the long-term performance of civil engineering water conveyance systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 104265"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genesis mechanism of high geothermal temperature of underground water-sealed oil storage in coastal granite areas, southeastern China","authors":"Xiangpeng Wang ,&nbsp;Leilei Guo ,&nbsp;Junbo Guo ,&nbsp;Yang Song ,&nbsp;Shujie Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.104233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.104233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Granite in coastal areas is prioritized as a scheme for large-scale underground water-sealed oil storage (UWSOS) in China due to the inherent stability of the surrounding rock mass. However, such caverns are often situated at considerable depths with large cross-sections, posing significant challenges to worker health and construction safety due to high geothermal temperatures. Currently, there is insufficient monitoring data on the spatial distribution of these high geothermal fields, and their genesis mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study investigates a large-scale UWSOS project in Hainan Island, China, through an integrated approach including geological surveys, in-situ temperature monitoring, hydrochemical and isotopic analysis, geothermal reservoir assessment, and radiogenic heat production evaluation. Results reveal that the study area is characterized by a hydrothermal system of low to medium temperature. Deep groundwater percolates naturally through joints and fissures, mixing with shallow cold water during upward migration, a process facilitated by fracture networks within fault zones that enhance groundwater flow and heat transfer. Shallow groundwater is classified as HCO₃·Cl–Na·Ca and HCO₃·SO₄–Na·Ca types, with a geothermal gradient of 1.62–1.98 °C/100 m. Hydrochemical characteristics are primarily controlled by silicate mineral leaching. Stable isotope signatures (δD and δ¹⁸O) indicate a recharge elevation range of 35–1175 m. Silica geothermometers estimate a reservoir temperature of 71–105 °C, corresponding to a circulation depth of 2.45–3.39 km. The radioactive heat generation rates of the monzogranite and granite porphyry are 2.92 and 1.52 μW/m³, respectively, with thermal conductivities of 3.4641 and 3.0648 W/(m·k). The primary heat sources are identified as the regional geothermal gradient and radiogenic heat from the granite host rock, collectively described by the proposed predictive formula: <span><math><mrow><mi>T</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.96</mn><mo>·</mo><msub><mi>T</mi><mi>a</mi></msub><mo>+</mo><mn>0.019</mn><mo>·</mo><mi>z</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>2.03</mn></mrow></math></span>. This study provides a scientific basis for the design, construction, and thermal management of UWSOS projects in high-geothermal coastal regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 104233"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145685385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geological implications of reservoir quality assessment through facies analysis, depositional architecture and diagenetic controls in the upper cretaceous-paleocene Aruma Formation, Saudi Arabia","authors":"Rayan Khalil","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2026.104293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2026.104293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The upper Cretaceous-Paleocene Aruma Formation is a notable hydrocarbon-bearing formation of the Arabian Plate. This study examines the facies, depositional architecture, and diagenetic history of the Aruma Formation by synthesizing field and petrographic data. Field observations show that the formation is composed of three members which are Lower Khanasir member, the middle Hajajah member and upper Lina member. The Khanasir member is up to 64 m thick in the study area. This member is mostly composed of shale and glauconitic sandstone at the basal part while nodular burrowed limestone is present in the middle and upper part of this member. The middle Hajajah member is composed of marl and limestone which contains domal platy scleractinian corals facies upward. The upper Lina member is 40 m thick which is predominantly shale-interbedded with limestone-marl. The upper carbonate unit is massive bedded limestone, which is creamy, soft, argillaceous, and partially dolomitized Petrographically, the formation mostly consists of wackestone, packstone, and rudstone microfacies in the studied region. The formation is affected by diagenetic events, altering the reservoir characteristics. The processes include bioturbation, micritization, neomorphism, dissolution, and dolomitization. The porosity types in the Aruma Formation include vuggy, mouldic, fenestral, and dissolution porosity having porosity values ranging from 2.5 to 9.36 % and permeability from 0.27 to 11.53mD primarily developed by bioturbation, dissolution and fracturing. The reservoir quality of the formation is significantly enhanced by bioturbation and dissolution, which have created highly permeable zones within the Khanasir member; hence, these zones should be prioritized for future hydrocarbon exploration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 104293"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}