Physics and Chemistry of the Earth最新文献_第3页

A novel hydrogeophysical framework for developing conceptual site models and simulating groundwater flow conditions in heterogeneous aquifer systems 一个新的水文地球物理框架，用于开发概念场地模型和模拟非均质含水层系统中的地下水流动条件

IF 4.1 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2026.104326

Musaab A.A. Mohammed , Norbert P. Szabó , Péter Szűcs

Numerical simulation of groundwater flow is crucial for understanding and managing aquifer systems, especially in heterogeneous environments. One of the key challenges in groundwater flow simulation is the limited availability of detailed geological and hydrogeological data, which is essential for accurately characterizing aquifer properties and flow dynamics. This study presents a novel approach to simulate the flow conditions in data-scare regions in which the primary inputs are obtained from the interpretation of the geophysical well-logging data. The conceptual model is established through the novel application of the Most Frequent Value-assisted Cluster Analysis (MFV-CA) and Csókás method, complemented by available water level data. MFV-CA is a robust clustering technique that uses Stiener Distance (Weighted Euclidean Distance) for rock differentiation mitigating the drawbacks of the standard k-means cluster analysis (CA) being sensitive to outliers in the dataset. On the other hand, the Csókás method is introduced as a modified version of the Kozeny-Carman equation to provide a continuous estimation of hydraulic conductivity. Accordingly, a 3D geological model is constructed, discretized, and characterized. The conceptual model is translated into a numerical model using the MODFLOW-USG framework employing a control volume finite difference unstructured grid that allows the representation of the system heterogeneity. The results showed an acceptable agreement between the observed and the calibrated hydraulic head. The study demonstrated the effectiveness of using geophysical data as an input for groundwater flow models that enhance data coverage and resolution. The proposed approach provides a practical decision-support tool for improving groundwater management and planning in data-scarce and geologically complex settings.

地下水流动的数值模拟对于理解和管理含水层系统至关重要，特别是在非均质环境中。地下水流动模拟的关键挑战之一是详细的地质和水文地质数据的可用性有限，而这些数据对于准确表征含水层性质和流动动力学至关重要。该研究提出了一种新的方法来模拟数据稀缺地区的流动条件，其中主要输入来自地球物理测井数据的解释。概念模型是通过最频繁值辅助聚类分析（MFV-CA）和Csókás方法的新应用建立的，并辅以可用的水位数据。MFV-CA是一种鲁棒的聚类技术，它使用斯蒂纳距离（加权欧氏距离）来区分岩石，减轻了标准k-均值聚类分析（CA）对数据集中的异常值敏感的缺点。另一方面，Csókás方法作为Kozeny-Carman方程的修改版本被引入，以提供水力导电性的连续估计。据此，构建三维地质模型，对其进行离散化和表征。使用MODFLOW-USG框架将概念模型转换为数值模型，该框架采用控制体积有限差分非结构化网格，允许表示系统异质性。结果表明，在观测和校准水头之间的一致性是可以接受的。该研究表明，将地球物理数据作为地下水流动模型的输入是有效的，可以提高数据的覆盖范围和分辨率。提出的方法为改善数据稀缺和地质复杂环境下的地下水管理和规划提供了一种实用的决策支持工具。

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引用次数: 0

Multi-sensor deep learning approach for landslide susceptibility mapping under climate and anthropogenic pressures 气候和人为压力下滑坡易感性制图的多传感器深度学习方法

IF 4.1 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2026.104305

Xiuping Zhang , Xulong Duan , Umer Khalil , Muhammad Ali Muhammadi , Hela Elmannai , Abeer D. Algarni , Dmitry E. Kucher

The Karakoram Highway (KKH) is a critical high-altitude transportation corridor connecting and is frequently affected by landslides due to steep terrain, complex geology, intense rainfall, and increasing anthropogenic activities. Reliable landslide susceptibility mapping is therefore essential for hazard mitigation and infrastructure resilience along this corridor. In this study, landslide susceptibility was assessed along a section of the KKH using two ensemble Machine Learning (ML) models: Random Forest (RF) and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB). A landslide inventory comprising 447 events was classified into fall, flow, and slide types and combined with non-landslide samples for supervised modeling. Fourteen conditioning factors derived from remote sensing, hydrological indices, and geological data were used. Multicollinearity was addressed using Variance Inflation Factor analysis. Models were trained and validated using a 70/30 train–test split, and performance was evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and AUC–ROC. The models showed excellent predictive performance for slide-type landslides (AUC = 0.99 for both RF and XGB) and strong performance for fall-type landslides (AUC = 0.92 for RF and 0.89 for XGB). Flow-type landslides exhibited moderate predictability (AUC = 0.68 for RF and 0.65 for XGB). The combined (total) models achieved very high accuracy (0.95) and AUC values of 0.99 (RF) and 0.98 (XGB). XGB classified a larger proportion of the study area into very high susceptibility (281.99 km²) compared to RF (71.23 km²), while RF distributed more area into low-to-moderate susceptibility classes. Both models produced geomorphologically consistent susceptibility patterns aligned with known landslide-prone zones along the KKH. XGB emphasized localized high-risk hotspots, whereas RF provided a more conservative spatial distribution. The results highlight the strong influence of anthropogenic activities and terrain controls on landslide occurrence and demonstrate the suitability of ensemble ML methods for robust landslide susceptibility assessment in complex mountainous environments.

喀喇昆仑公路（KKH）是连接喀喇昆仑地区的重要的高海拔交通走廊，由于地形陡峭、地质复杂、强降雨和人为活动增加，经常受到山体滑坡的影响。因此，可靠的滑坡易感性测绘对于减轻灾害和增强走廊沿线基础设施的复原力至关重要。在这项研究中，使用两种集成机器学习（ML）模型：随机森林（RF）和极端梯度增强（XGB），沿着KKH的一段评估了滑坡的易感性。由447个事件组成的滑坡清单被分为坠落、流动和滑动类型，并与非滑坡样本相结合，进行监督建模。利用遥感、水文指数和地质资料得出的14个条件因子。利用方差膨胀因子分析解决多重共线性问题。采用70/30训练-检验分割法对模型进行训练和验证，并使用准确性、精密度、召回率、f1评分和AUC-ROC来评估模型的性能。该模型对滑坡型滑坡（RF和XGB的AUC均为0.99）和滑坡型滑坡（RF和XGB的AUC分别为0.92和0.89）具有良好的预测性能。流型滑坡具有中等的可预测性（RF的AUC = 0.68， XGB的AUC = 0.65）。组合（总）模型获得了非常高的精度（0.95），AUC值为0.99 （RF）和0.98 （XGB）。XGB将研究区划分为非常高易感区（281.99 km2）的比例大于RF (71.23 km2)，而RF则将更多的区域划分为中低易感区。这两个模型都得出了地貌上一致的易感性模式，与KKH沿线已知的滑坡易发带一致。XGB强调局部高风险热点，而RF提供更保守的空间分布。研究结果强调了人为活动和地形控制对滑坡发生的强烈影响，并证明了集成ML方法在复杂山区环境中滑坡易感性评估的适用性。

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引用次数: 0

Analytical study of 2D consolidation in anisotropic soils under non-uniform loads and semi-permeable boundaries 非均匀荷载和半渗透边界下各向异性土体二维固结分析研究

IF 4.1 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2026.104310

Lian-Heng Zhao , Peng-Gen Dai , Qing-Yin Meng , Wei-Ming Wang , San-Feng Liu , Xiang-Hong Ding

Accurate prediction of consolidation behavior is essential for ensuring the stability of ground improvement systems. However, existing two-dimensional (2D) consolidation models often assume uniform loading and ideal drainage boundaries, limiting their applicability to practical conditions. This study develops a new analytical model for 2D consolidation in anisotropic soils subjected to non-uniform loads and semi-permeable boundaries. The governing equation is established within the Terzaghi–Rendulic framework and solved using the Fourier finite sine transform combined with the separation of variables method. The solution simultaneously accounts for consolidation processes under arbitrary load distributions. The model's accuracy is verified through laboratory model experiments, analytical solutions, and numerical simulations, showing excellent agreement (Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency E > 0.9). Our results demonstrate that: (1) non-uniform load distribution alters excess pore pressure patterns by up to 45 % compared to uniform loading; (2) Modifying the load distribution can reduce consolidation time by 8 %–16 %; (3) neglecting soil anisotropy can lead to errors exceeding 25 % in consolidation ratio predictions; and (4) anisotropic soil properties significantly modify how non-uniform loads affect consolidation behavior. The primary novelty of this study lies in the simultaneous incorporation of three critical factors: (a) arbitrary non-uniform loads, (b) multidirectional soil anisotropy, and (c) semi-permeable boundaries within a unified analytical framework that provides both computational efficiency and physical insight for engineering design.

准确预测固结行为对保证地基加固系统的稳定性至关重要。然而，现有的二维固结模型通常假设均匀荷载和理想的排水边界，限制了其对实际条件的适用性。本文建立了非均匀荷载和半渗透边界作用下各向异性土体二维固结的新解析模型。在Terzaghi-Rendulic框架内建立控制方程，采用傅里叶有限正弦变换结合分离变量法求解。该解决方案同时考虑了任意荷载分布下的固结过程。通过实验室模型实验、解析解和数值模拟验证了模型的准确性，显示出极好的一致性（Nash-Sutcliffe效率E >； 0.9）。研究结果表明：(1)与均匀加载相比，非均匀加载对超孔隙压力模式的影响可达45%；(2)改变荷载分布可使固结时间缩短8% ~ 16%；(3)忽略土体各向异性会导致固结比预测误差超过25%；(4)土的各向异性显著改变了非均匀荷载对固结行为的影响。本研究的主要新颖之处在于同时结合了三个关键因素：(a)任意非均匀荷载，(b)多向土壤各向异性，(c)半渗透边界在统一的分析框架内，为工程设计提供了计算效率和物理洞察力。

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引用次数: 0

Microplastic contamination in urban agriculture: Pathways, crop uptake, human exposure and policy interventions 都市农业中的微塑料污染：途径、作物吸收、人类接触和政策干预

IF 4.1 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2026.104337

Veeramalai Gopal , Karuppasamy Manikanda Bharath , Ramamoorthy Ayyamperumal

Microplastic contamination has emerged as a significant threat to urban food systems. Growing evidence demonstrates the presence of microplastics in agricultural soils, irrigation water, compost, and through atmospheric deposition within cities. This article synthesizes current knowledge on the pathways through which microplastics enter urban and peri-urban agriculture, including rooftop farms, community gardens, and wastewater-irrigated systems. Particular emphasis is placed on plant uptake mechanisms, translocation, and accumulation of microplastics in edible tissues, along with the co-transport of toxic additives, heavy metals, and pathogenic microorganisms that may elevate human health risks. Drawing on interdisciplinary studies and case examples from urban areas with varying socioeconomic contexts, potential human exposure routes are examined through dietary intake of contaminated crops, inhalation of airborne particles, and dermal contact. Urban populations are highlighted as being particularly vulnerable to these exposure pathways. The review further evaluates existing monitoring approaches, identifies regulatory gaps, and discusses key uncertainties in current risk assessment frameworks, including challenges in detecting and quantifying microplastics in urban agroecosystems. While complete removal of microplastics from urban agricultural systems is unlikely, long-term reductions are achievable through integrated strategies such as improved waste segregation, compost certification, decentralized wastewater treatment, and the adoption of plastic-free or biodegradable agricultural inputs. Strengthening regulatory frameworks and incorporating microplastic monitoring into educational and extension programs are also recommended.

微塑料污染已成为城市食品系统的重大威胁。越来越多的证据表明，微塑料存在于农业土壤、灌溉水、堆肥以及城市内的大气沉降中。本文综合了目前关于微塑料进入城市和城郊农业的途径的知识，包括屋顶农场、社区花园和废水灌溉系统。特别强调植物吸收机制、微塑料在可食用组织中的易位和积累，以及可能增加人类健康风险的有毒添加剂、重金属和致病微生物的共同运输。根据跨学科研究和来自不同社会经济背景的城市地区的案例，通过饮食摄入受污染的作物、吸入空气中的颗粒和皮肤接触来检查潜在的人类接触途径。城市人口特别容易受到这些接触途径的影响。该综述进一步评估了现有的监测方法，确定了监管缺口，并讨论了当前风险评估框架中的主要不确定性，包括在检测和量化城市农业生态系统中的微塑料方面面临的挑战。虽然不太可能从城市农业系统中完全消除微塑料，但通过综合战略，如改进废物分类、堆肥认证、分散废水处理以及采用无塑料或可生物降解的农业投入物，可以实现长期减少。还建议加强监管框架，并将微塑料监测纳入教育和推广计划。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental study and analysis on optimized mix ratio of mullite powder mortar and mechanical properties of foam concrete 莫来石粉砂浆优化配合比及泡沫混凝土力学性能的试验研究与分析

IF 4.1 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2026.104328

Jingshuang Zhang , Ziyang Chen , Yanqing Wu , Xuhui Xu

To address the strength problem of lightweight wall materials, mullite powder foam concrete was prepared. The optimal ratio of mullite mortar was obtained through three-factor three-level orthogonal tests of fly ash, mullite powder and glass fiber, using range and variance analysis based on strength, water absorption rate and softening coefficient. Tests were performed to evaluate the compressive strength, tensile strength, water absorption rate, and softening coefficient of mullite foam concrete under varying foaming agent dosages and distinct foaming conditions, guided by this ratio. The optimized mullite mortar demonstrated a compressive strength of 29.73 MPa, along with 6 % water absorption and a 0.92 softening coefficient. Constrained foaming exhibited better performance compared to free foaming methods. At a 20 % foaming agent content, the mullite-based foam concrete exhibited optimal comprehensive performance, achieving compressive strength of 18.09 MPa, split tensile strength of 3.65 MPa, water absorption of 12.09 %, and a softening coefficient of 0.82. Microscopic examination reveals that within mullite powder foam concrete, hydration products including C–S–H and AFt interact with mullite particles and aggregates to create a compact network configuration, which effectively improves the material's mechanical characteristics while ensuring compliance with engineering strength specifications.

为解决轻质墙体材料的强度问题，研制了莫来石粉泡沫混凝土。通过粉煤灰、莫来石粉和玻璃纤维三因素三水平正交试验，基于强度、吸水率和软化系数进行极差和方差分析，得出莫来石砂浆的最佳配比。以该配比为指导，对不同发泡剂用量和不同发泡条件下莫来石泡沫混凝土的抗压强度、抗拉强度、吸水率和软化系数进行了试验研究。优化后的莫来石砂浆抗压强度为29.73 MPa，吸水率为6%，软化系数为0.92。约束发泡比自由发泡表现出更好的性能。当发泡剂含量为20%时，莫来石基泡沫混凝土的综合性能最佳，抗压强度为18.09 MPa，劈裂抗拉强度为3.65 MPa，吸水率为12.09%，软化系数为0.82。微观检查表明，在莫来石泡沫混凝土中，水化产物包括C-S-H和AFt与莫来石颗粒和骨料相互作用，形成紧凑的网络结构，有效改善了材料的力学特性，同时确保符合工程强度规范。

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引用次数: 0

Mineralogical characterization and rock physics parameter estimation in sandstone reservoir: A template-based approach and cross-plots analysis 砂岩储层矿物学表征和岩石物理参数估计：基于模板的方法和交叉图分析

IF 4.1 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2026.104329

Muhsan Ehsan , Muhammad Nofal Munir , Rujun Chen , Muhammad Ali , Kamal Abdelrahman , Ali Y. Kahal

Tight gas reservoirs require unconventional recovery techniques to obtain maximum production and need a detailed understanding of reservoir rock elastic parameters. Pab Formation has intervals of low permeability with promising hydrocarbon saturation. The study aims to provide a thorough analysis of the effect of porosity and mineralogical composition on the rock physics properties and brittleness index of the Pab Formation. In the present study, an investigation into clay minerals and types was conducted using cross-plot analysis from well log data, and validation was performed using SEM and XRD results from core samples. The research incorporates the calculation of the elastic parameters from the specialized user-defined equation and rock physics template (RPT). The findings of this research through petrography and XRD analysis of core samples reveal sandstone as the dominant lithology of the Pab Formation and are rich in quartz and kaolinite; cross-plot analysis also showed the presence of these clay minerals. Combining elastic moduli, porosity, and current petrophysical data for RPT analysis will serve as a robust framework and can be beneficial for similar studies in other basins.

致密气藏需要非常规采油技术来获得最大产量，并且需要详细了解储层岩石弹性参数。Pab组具有低渗透层段，含油饱和度较好。研究旨在全面分析孔隙度和矿物组成对Pab组岩石物理性质和脆性指标的影响。在本研究中，利用测井数据的交叉图分析对粘土矿物和类型进行了调查，并利用岩心样品的SEM和XRD结果进行了验证。该研究结合了专用自定义方程和岩石物理模板（RPT）计算弹性参数。岩心岩石学和XRD分析结果表明，Pab组岩性以砂岩为主，富含石英和高岭石；交叉图分析也显示了这些粘土矿物的存在。将弹性模量、孔隙度和当前岩石物性数据结合起来进行RPT分析，将成为一个强大的框架，并有助于其他盆地的类似研究。

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引用次数: 0

Calcium ferrate-ozone for enhanced removal of methylene blue: An innovative hybrid system 高铁酸钙-臭氧增强去除亚甲基蓝：一种创新的混合系统

IF 4.1 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2026.104314

Gcobisa Ndzungu, Caliphs Zvinowanda, Catherine Jane Ngila

Textile and paper industries produce hazardous dyes, especially methylene blue (MB), which harms the environment. Industrial coloured dyes are difficult to degrade with conventional wastewater treatment processes. Alternative wastewater treatment technologies that breakdown these coloured dyes are needed. This study examined how calcium ferrate (CaFeO₄), ozone (O₃), and their hybrid system degrade methylene blue (MB). Batch tests examined MB degradation under different pH and reaction time conditions at a given temperature and oxidant concentration. The degrading efficiency and performance of CaFeO₄ were measured by measuring MB absorbance at 665 nm using UV–Vis spectroscopy. After 2 and 60 min at pH 2, the average removal efficiencies were 98.52% and 99.91%. Under the same reaction conditions, degradation efficiency was very poor above pH 4. O₃ treatment was highly effective at pH 2 and 12, with 99.03% and 99.99% elimination efficiency, respectively. Calcium ferrate and ozone synergistically degraded 99.7% in 30 s, promising fast and effective wastewater treatment. Thus, the hybrid system outperformed single treatments in removal percentage and reaction time, giving it an alternate remediation method.

纺织和造纸工业生产有害染料，特别是亚甲基蓝（MB），对环境有害。传统的废水处理工艺难以降解工业有色染料。需要替代废水处理技术来分解这些有色染料。本研究考察了高铁酸钙（CaFeO4）、臭氧（O3）及其杂化体系如何降解亚甲基蓝（MB）。批量试验考察了在给定温度和氧化剂浓度下，不同pH值和反应时间条件下MB的降解情况。通过紫外-可见光谱法测定665 nm处的MB吸光度，考察了CaFeO4的降解效率和性能。在pH 2条件下处理2 min和60 min，平均去除率分别为98.52%和99.91%。在相同的反应条件下，pH大于4时，降解效率很差。O3处理在pH为2和12时效果最好，去除率分别为99.03%和99.99%。高铁酸钙与臭氧在30 s内协同降解99.7%，具有快速有效的废水处理前景。因此，混合系统在去除率和反应时间方面优于单一处理，为其提供了一种替代修复方法。

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引用次数: 0

Machine learning based evaluation of fluoride contaminated groundwater and health risks in the Pambar River basin, South India 基于机器学习的印度南部潘巴尔河流域氟污染地下水和健康风险评估

IF 4.1 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2026.104334

C.N. Sridhar , T. Subramani , Renato Somma , T. Dineshkumar

Excess fluoride in groundwater has become a significant health issue across several regions globally, yet comprehensive studies integrating seasonal variation, human health implications, and predictive modeling remain limited. This study examines fluoride ranges and adverse health effects in groundwater of Pambar River basin, South India, employing machine-learning techniques to classify groundwater based on its aptness for consumption. Totally, 100 groundwater samples were collected during North-East monsoon 2024, Post-monsoon, Pre-Monsoon and South-West Monsoon of 2025. Hydrochemical investigation indicated predominantly alkaline water, with sodium and bicarbonate as dominant ions. The overall mean fluoride concentration, calculated from four seasonal datasets, was 1.38 mg/L, and 43% of samples exceeded the World Health Organization guideline of 1.5 mg/L. Correlation analysis revealed calcium negatively influenced fluoride levels due to Calcium-Fluoride precipitation. Principal Component Analysis explained 64.9%-68.3% of variance, highlighting geochemical processes as primary controls, with secondary influence from agricultural runoff and waste leaching. Entropy-based water quality evaluation revealed 36.75% of samples were safe for drinking, while 58.75% required treatment. Among machine-learning models, support vector machines achieved the best predictive performance, with random forest and extreme gradient boosting also performing well under limited seasonal datasets. Evaluation of Human health hazard indicated potential fluoride-related risks, particularly for children (50%), teens (45%), women (44%), and men (43%). These findings provide a baseline for future groundwater management and underscores the importance of implementing sustainable measures to mitigate fluoride pollution in Pambar's groundwater resources.

地下水中过量氟化物已成为全球多个地区的重大健康问题，但综合季节性变化、人类健康影响和预测模型的综合研究仍然有限。本研究考察了印度南部潘巴尔河流域地下水中的氟化物范围和对健康的不利影响，采用机器学习技术根据其适合消费的程度对地下水进行分类。在2024年东北季候风、后季候风、前季候风和2025年西南季候风期间共采集了100份地下水样本。水化学研究表明，水以碱性为主，钠和碳酸氢盐为主要离子。根据四个季节数据集计算得出的总体平均氟化物浓度为1.38 mg/L， 43%的样本超过了世界卫生组织1.5 mg/L的指导标准。相关分析显示，由于氟化钙沉淀，钙对氟化物水平有负相关影响。主成分分析解释了64.9%-68.3%的差异，强调地球化学过程是主要控制因素，其次是农业径流和废物浸出的影响。基于熵的水质评价结果显示，36.75%的样本可安全饮用，58.75%的样本需要处理。在机器学习模型中，支持向量机的预测性能最好，随机森林和极端梯度增强在有限的季节性数据集下也表现良好。对人类健康危害的评估表明，与氟化物有关的潜在风险，特别是对儿童（50%）、青少年（45%）、妇女（44%）和男子（43%）。这些发现为未来地下水管理提供了基准，并强调了实施可持续措施以减轻Pambar地下水资源中氟化物污染的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Investigating hydrological indices for identification of climate change tipping points in groundwater resources for the Upper Zambezi basin 研究水文指标，以确定上赞比西河流域地下水资源的气候变化临界点

IF 4.1 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2026.104318

George Z. Ndhlovu, Kawawa Banda, Christopher Mtonga

Attributes of long-term hydrological regime of a river basin are referred to as Hydrological Indices which can further be used to characterise the river flow behavior with factors including scale, occurrence, period, mastery and rate of change of flow. The focus is to evaluate hydrological indices useful for analysing changes in groundwater quantity and quality arising from impacts of climate change. A larger population in the Upper Zambezi River Basin depend on the groundwater as a source of their rural water supply. Few studies have analysed the hydrological indices from future climate change scenarios for predicting climate change tipping points in Southern Africa. This paper therefore seeks to investigate impacts on groundwater resources by applying climate model projections and hydrological indices. The results show novelty in climate change impact under Representative Concentration Pathways 8.5 scenario that will affect temporal and spatial variability of groundwater. Furthermore, spatial variability of groundwater recharge is predicted to have minimal change in the north of Upper Zambezi River Basin ranging from −12 to – 22% while a huge change is predicted in the southern direction ranging from −31 to −42%. Baseflow across the basin has shown a reduction to a considerable degree while Soil Moisture Index has shown severe dryness in Barotse and Chobe sub catchments. Hydrological indices also show that the future scenario may have reduced groundwater availability. Therefore, the novel results require strategic thinking for adaptation especially in the rural water supplies that largely depend on Groundwater resources.

流域长期水文状况的属性被称为水文指数，它可以进一步用来描述河流的流量行为，包括流量的规模、发生、周期、控制和变化率。重点是评价对分析因气候变化影响而引起的地下水数量和质量变化有用的水文指数。赞比西河上游流域的大量人口依赖地下水作为农村供水的来源。很少有研究分析了来自未来气候变化情景的水文指数，以预测南部非洲的气候变化临界点。因此，本文试图利用气候模式预估和水文指数来研究对地下水资源的影响。结果表明，代表性浓度路径8.5情景下气候变化对地下水时空变异性的影响具有新颖性。在赞比西河上游流域北部，地下水补给的空间变异性变化最小，变化幅度在- 12% ~ - 22%之间，而在南部方向变化较大，变化幅度在- 31% ~ - 42%之间。整个流域的基流显示出相当程度的减少，而土壤湿度指数显示Barotse和Chobe流域严重干旱。水文指数还表明，未来的情景可能会减少地下水的可用性。因此，新的结果需要对适应进行战略思考，特别是在很大程度上依赖地下水资源的农村供水中。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental investigation on the combined use of locust bean gum and polyester fibers for sustainable stabilization of high plasticity clay 刺槐豆胶与聚酯纤维复合用于高塑性粘土持续稳定的试验研究

IF 4.1 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2026.104306

Zeynep Nese Kurt Albayrak, Fatih Artuk, Esrahan Tavlasoglu Yilmaz, Sifa Gunek, Busra Pinarbas

In recent years environmentally friendly biopolymers have attracted considerable attention for soil stabilization and fiber reinforcement has also been extensively studied for soil improvement. However, investigations of the combine effect of biopolymers and fibers on soil stabilization are limited and remain a current research topic. In this study, a high plasticity clay (CH) soil was stabilized with varying percentages of locust bean gum (0.5 %, 1 %, and 1.5 %) and 5 mm long cut polyester fibers (0.15 %, 0.30 %, and 0.60 %) to produce modified clay specimens. The geotechnical properties of the prepared specimens, including consistency limits, shear strength parameters, hydraulic conductivity and unconfined compressive strength (both before and after 10 freeze-thaw cycles), were systematically investigated. The performance of the biopolymer and fiber-modified clays was then compared with that of the natural clay and the samples containing only biopolymer or only fibers. The findings indicate that the combined use of locust bean gum and polyester fibers significantly enhances the mechanical and hydraulic behavior of high plasticity clay, highlighting their potential for sustainable soil stabilization applications. Furthermore, SEM analysis confirmed the improvements in mechanical and hydraulic performance, demonstrating that the combined incorporation of biopolymer and fiber lead to the formation of a denser and more structurally stable microstructure.

近年来，环境友好型生物聚合物在土壤稳定方面受到广泛关注，纤维增强在土壤改良方面也得到了广泛的研究。然而，生物聚合物和纤维对土壤稳定的联合作用的研究是有限的，仍然是一个当前的研究课题。在这项研究中，用不同比例的刺槐豆胶（0.5%，1%和1.5%）和5毫米长切割聚酯纤维（0.15%，0.30%和0.60%）稳定高塑性粘土（CH）土壤，以产生改性粘土样品。系统研究了制备的试件的岩土力学特性，包括一致性极限、抗剪强度参数、导水系数和无侧限抗压强度（10次冻融循环前后）。然后将生物聚合物和纤维改性粘土的性能与天然粘土和只含生物聚合物或只含纤维的样品进行了比较。研究结果表明，刺槐豆胶和聚酯纤维的联合使用显著提高了高塑性粘土的力学和水力性能，突出了它们在土壤可持续稳定应用中的潜力。此外，扫描电镜分析证实了机械性能和水力性能的改善，表明生物聚合物和纤维的联合掺入导致形成更致密、结构更稳定的微观结构。

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