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Functional and morphological maturation of the full-sized and mini-pig corpus luteum by programmed cell death mechanism. 通过程序性细胞死亡机制实现全尺寸黄体和迷你猪黄体的功能和形态成熟
IF 2.7 3区 农林科学 Q1 Veterinary Pub Date : 2023-06-16 eCollection Date: 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2023-0023
Ji-Hye Lee, Sang-Hwan Kim

Introduction: The formation and function of the corpus luteum (CL) increase the likelihood of pregnancy and efficiently manage implantation. Apoptosis must occur at an appropriate time in the formation of the CL. This also affects its function. However, it is still unclear if the type of apoptosis affects the function.

Material and methods: We conducted morphological analysis of the CL collected on day 15 between the middle and late oestrous phases of Yorkshire pigs and mini-pigs, and measured the difference in hormone expression and apoptosis using an immunoassay method and messenger RNA level.

Results: The CL cells were more uniform in the Yorkshire pigs than in the mini-pigs, and the composition of the CL was also fuller. The expression of luteinising hormone was higher in the Yorkshire pigs. Apoptosis and the rate of action of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were different between the two pig types. Expression of MMPs was higher in the Yorkshire pigs than in the mini-pigs. However, the expression of caspase 3 and 20alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, a progesterone inhibitor, was potentiated in the mini-pigs.

Conclusion: Autophagy throughout the CL was more extensive in the Yorkshire pigs than in the mini-pigs, suggesting that autophagy and cell reorganisation by MMPs were highly correlated. The occurrence of autophagy in the formation and function of the CL may affect the action of hormones and expression of cell reconstitution factors.

导言:黄体(CL)的形成和功能增加了怀孕的可能性,并有效地管理着床。黄体凋亡必须在黄体形成的适当时间发生。这也会影响其功能。然而,目前还不清楚凋亡的类型是否会影响其功能:我们对约克夏猪和迷你猪发情中期和晚期第 15 天采集的 CL 进行了形态学分析,并使用免疫测定法和信使 RNA 水平测定了激素表达和细胞凋亡的差异:约克夏猪的CL细胞比小型猪更均匀,CL的组成也更饱满。约克夏猪黄体生成素的表达量更高。两种猪的细胞凋亡和基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)的作用率不同。约克夏猪的 MMPs 表达量高于小型猪。然而,在迷你猪体内,Caspase 3和20α-羟基类固醇脱氢酶(一种孕酮抑制剂)的表达得到了增强:结论:与迷你猪相比,约克夏猪整个CL中的自噬现象更为普遍,这表明自噬与MMPs导致的细胞重组高度相关。自噬在CL的形成和功能中的发生可能会影响激素的作用和细胞重组因子的表达。
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引用次数: 0
Liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry methods for determination of stanozolol and l6β-hydroxy-stanozolol in animal urine. 液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物尿液中的司坦唑醇和 l6β-hydroxy-stanozolol
IF 2.7 3区 农林科学 Q1 Veterinary Pub Date : 2023-06-16 eCollection Date: 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2023-0030
Iwona Matraszek-Źuchowska, Alicja Kłopot, Katarzyna Sielska, Beata Korycińska, Sebastian Witek, Paulina Zdonek, Piotr Jedziniak

Introduction: Because of the activities and effects they induce, hormones are prohibited for use for anabolic purposes in farm animals intended for slaughter, which is regulated in the European Union by relevant legal provisions. Therefore, there is an obligation to monitor residues of hormones in animals and food of animal origin to ensure consumer safety. A hormone banned but used formerly for fattening cattle, stanozolol, and its metabolite 16β-OH-stanozolol are synthetic compounds that belong to a large group of steroid hormones. This study investigates residues of these compounds in animal urine.

Material and methods: From 2006-2022, 2,995 livestock urine samples were tested for stanozolol residues in Poland as part of the National Residue Monitoring Programme. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method to determine stanozolol and 16β-OH-stanozolol in animal urine was developed and validated according to the required criteria. Urine sample analysis was based on enzymatic hydrolysis of hormones potentially present in it to the free form, extraction of them from the sample with a mixture of n-hexane and butyl alcohol, purification of an extract on an NH2 amine column and finally, instrumental detection.

Results: The apparent recovery and precision parameters of the developed method were in line with the established criteria, while its decision limits CCα and detection capabilities CCβ were lower than the recommended concentration for analytical purposes set at 2 μg L-1 (valid until December 15, 2022; currently set as 0.5 μg L-1).

Conclusion: All examined samples were compliant with the evaluation criteria.

导言:由于激素的活性和诱导效应,禁止将激素用于拟屠宰的农场动物的合成代谢目的。因此,欧盟有义务对动物和动物源性食品中的激素残留进行监测,以确保消费者的安全。一种已被禁用但曾用于育肥牛的激素--司坦唑醇(stanozolol)及其代谢物 16β-OH-stanozolol 是属于一大类固醇激素的合成化合物。本研究调查了这些化合物在动物尿液中的残留情况:从 2006 年到 2022 年,作为国家残留监控计划的一部分,波兰对 2,995 份牲畜尿样进行了司坦唑醇残留检测。根据规定的标准,开发并验证了一种液相色谱-串联质谱法,用于测定动物尿液中的司坦唑醇和 16β-OH 司坦唑醇。尿样分析方法是将尿样中可能存在的激素用酶水解成游离态,然后用正己烷和丁醇的混合物将其从尿样中提取出来,再用NH2胺柱对提取物进行纯化,最后用仪器进行检测:结果:所开发方法的表观回收率和精密度参数符合既定标准,而其判定限 CCα 和检测能力 CCβ 均低于 2 μg L-1 的建议分析浓度(有效期至 2022 年 12 月 15 日;目前为 0.5 μg L-1):结论:所有检测样品均符合评估标准。
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引用次数: 0
Diclofenac and dexamethasone modulate the effect of cannabidiol on the rat colon motility ex vivo. 双氯芬酸和地塞米松可调节大麻二酚对体内大鼠结肠运动的影响。
IF 2.7 3区 农林科学 Q1 Veterinary Pub Date : 2023-06-16 eCollection Date: 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2023-0029
Magdalena Chłopecka, Łukasz Kiraga, Kijan Crowley, Michał Jank, Urszula Latek, Marta Mendel, Wojciech Karlik

Introduction: Due to the growing interest in the use of cannabinoids in supportive therapies, they are increasingly used together with anti-inflammatory drugs. Cannabinoids inhibit gastrointestinal motility, while steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs influence motility in other ways. The aim of the research was to study the interactions between cannabidiol (CBD) and these two classes of anti-inflammatory drugs in the context of gastrointestinal motility. Dexamethasone (DEX) was selected as a steroidal drug and diclofenac (DCF) as a nonsteroidal counterpart.

Material and methods: The experiments were performed on isolated rat colon strips in isometric conditions. The contractile response to acetylcholine (ACh) (1 μM) was measured with no substance applied as a control value and was measured after application of CBD (80 μM), DEX (100 μM), DCF (100 μM), or a combination of these substances.

Results: Cannabidiol strongly inhibited intestinal motility mediated by ACh application, DCF inhibited it non-significantly, while DEX intensified it. When CBD was co-administered with DEX, the combination inhibited intestinal motility non-significantly relative to the ACh-only control. Co-administration of CBD with DCF inhibited motility more than when these substances were administered separately.

Conclusion: Inhibition of the intestinal response to ACh is likely due to the synergistic effect of CBD and endogenous cannabinoids. Dexamethasone lessened the inhibitory effect of CBD, likely because of diminished availability of the arachidonic acid necessary for endogenous cannabinoid synthesis. However, diclofenac may increase endogenous cannabinoid synthesis, because of the greater availability of arachidonic acid caused by DCF blocking the cyclooxygenation pathway.

简介:由于人们对在辅助疗法中使用大麻素的兴趣与日俱增,大麻素越来越多地与消炎药一起使用。大麻素会抑制胃肠道蠕动,而类固醇和非类固醇消炎药会以其他方式影响胃肠道蠕动。这项研究的目的是研究大麻二酚(CBD)与这两类抗炎药物在胃肠道运动方面的相互作用。研究选择地塞米松(DEX)作为类固醇药物,双氯芬酸(DCF)作为非类固醇药物:实验在等长条件下对离体大鼠结肠条带进行。在未使用任何物质作为对照值的情况下测量对乙酰胆碱(ACh)(1 μM)的收缩反应,在使用 CBD(80 μM)、DEX(100 μM)、DCF(100 μM)或这些物质的组合后测量收缩反应:结果:大麻二酚强烈抑制由 ACh 应用介导的肠道运动,DCF 的抑制作用不明显,而 DEX 则增强了肠道运动。当大麻二酚与二羟乙基乙酸联合用药时,与仅使用乙酰胆碱的对照组相比,联合用药对肠道运动的抑制不显著。CBD与DCF联合用药对肠蠕动的抑制作用大于单独用药时的抑制作用:结论:抑制肠道对 ACh 的反应可能是由于 CBD 和内源性大麻素的协同作用。地塞米松减轻了 CBD 的抑制作用,这可能是因为内源性大麻素合成所需的花生四烯酸减少了。不过,双氯芬酸可能会增加内源性大麻素的合成,因为 DCF 阻断了环氧化途径,从而增加了花生四烯酸的供应量。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of long-term administration of various dietary prebiotic supplements on the growth, immune cell activity and digestive tract histology of juvenile vimba (Vimba vimba). 长期服用各种益生元膳食补充剂对幼年金边蟾(Vimba vimba)的生长、免疫细胞活性和消化道组织学的影响。
IF 2.7 3区 农林科学 Q1 Veterinary Pub Date : 2023-06-16 eCollection Date: 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2023-0033
Barbara Kazuń, Krzysztof Kazuń, Joanna Małaczewska, Rafał Kamiński, Dobrochna Adamek-Urbańska, Justyna Sikorska, Jacek Wolnicki, Hubert Szudrowicz

Introduction: The experiment was set to determine the effects of long-term (55-day) use of three commercial prebiotics including Saccharomyces cerevisiae-derived β-glucans and one including inulin on juvenile vimba (Vimba vimba) reared intensively under controlled conditions.

Material and methods: Six-month-old fish were fed commercial feed (Control group, n = 90), or the same feed supplemented with 0.02% Leiber Beta-S (BS group, n = 90), 0.20% Biolex MB40 (MB group, n = 90), 0.30% CeFi (CE group, n = 90) or 1.00% inulin Orafti GR (IN group, n = 90) for 55 days.

Results: In the BS group, the final growth parameters were significantly lower than in the Control group, while the feed conversion ratio was significantly higher. No significant differences were found between any other group and the Control group in the respective parameters. The respiratory burst activity of the head-kidney phagocytes was significantly lower in all fish groups fed the prebiotic-supplemented diets compared to the Control group. The proliferative response of the head-kidney lymphocytes stimulated by concanavalin A was lower in the BS group than in the Control group, while in other groups this response was not affected. No significant differences were found in histopathological analyses of the digestive tract, liver or pancreas.

Conclusion: The long-term supplementation of fish diets with prebiotics can negatively influence the growth, feed conversion, nonspecific cellular resistance and proliferative activity of the T lymphocytes of vimba juveniles.

实验简介本实验旨在确定长期(55 天)使用三种商业益生元(包括酵母衍生的 β-葡聚糖和菊粉)对在受控条件下集中饲养的金边鲈幼鱼的影响:给六个月大的鱼喂食商品饲料(对照组,n = 90)或添加 0.02% Leiber Beta-S(BS 组,n = 90)、0.20% Biolex MB40(MB 组,n = 90)、0.30% CeFi(CE 组,n = 90)或 1.00% 菊粉 Orafti GR(IN 组,n = 90)的相同饲料 55 天:结果:BS 组的最终生长参数明显低于对照组,而饲料转化率则明显高于对照组。其他各组与对照组的相关参数均无明显差异。与对照组相比,所有喂食添加益生素日粮组的鱼类头肾吞噬细胞的呼吸爆发活性都明显降低。BS 组头肾淋巴细胞在金刚烷胺 A 刺激下的增殖反应低于对照组,而其他组则不受影响。消化道、肝脏或胰腺的组织病理学分析未发现明显差异:结论:在鱼类日粮中长期添加益生素会对文昌鱼幼鱼的生长、饲料转化率、非特异性细胞抵抗力和 T 淋巴细胞的增殖活性产生负面影响。
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引用次数: 0
Molecular characterisation and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus agalactiae isolates from dairy farms in China. 中国奶牛场分离的无乳链球菌的分子特征和抗菌药耐药性。
IF 2.7 3区 农林科学 Q1 Veterinary Pub Date : 2023-06-16 eCollection Date: 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2023-0027
Xiaojiao Ma, He Chen, Fulan Wang, Shuai Wang, Yating Wu, Xianlan Ma, Yong Wei, Wei Shao, Yankun Zhao

Introduction: Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae) is a pathogen causing bovine mastitis that results in considerable economic losses in the livestock sector. To understand the distribution and drug resistance characteristics of S. agalactiae from dairy cow mastitis cases in China, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was carried out and the serotypes and drug resistance characteristics of the bacteria in the region were analysed.

Material and methods: A total of 21 strains of bovine S. agalactiae were characterised based on MLST, molecular serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and the presence of drug resistance genes.

Results: The serotypes were mainly Ia and II, accounting for 47.6% and 42.9% of all serotypes, respectively. Five sequence types (STs) were identified through MLST. The ST103 and ST1878 strains were predominant, with rates of 52.4% and 28.6%, respectively. The latter is a novel, previously uncharacterised sequence type. More than 90% of S. agalactiae strains were susceptible to penicillin, oxacillin, cephalothin, ceftiofur, gentamicin, florfenicol and sulfamethoxazole. The bacteria showed high resistance to tetracycline (85.7%), clindamycin (52.1%) and erythromycin (47.6%). Resistant genes were detected by PCR, the result of which showed that 47.6%, 33.3% and 38.1% of isolates carried the tet(M), tet(O) and erm(B) genes, respectively.

Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that S. agalactiae show a high level of antimicrobial resistance. It is necessary to monitor the pathogens of mastitis to prevent the transmission of these bacteria.

导言:无乳链球菌(S. agalactiae)是一种引起牛乳腺炎的病原体,给畜牧业造成了巨大的经济损失。为了解中国奶牛乳房炎病例中无乳酸链球菌的分布和耐药性特征,本研究进行了多焦点序列分型(MLST),并分析了该地区无乳酸链球菌的血清型和耐药性特征:根据多焦点序列分型、分子血清分型、抗菌药物敏感性检测和耐药基因的存在情况,对21株牛特异性乳球菌进行了鉴定:结果:血清型主要为 Ia 和 II 型,分别占所有血清型的 47.6% 和 42.9%。通过 MLST 鉴定出五种序列类型(ST)。其中以 ST103 和 ST1878 型为主,分别占 52.4% 和 28.6%。后者是一种新型的、以前未定性的序列类型。90% 以上的 S. agalactiae 菌株对青霉素、氧西林、头孢噻吩、头孢噻呋、庆大霉素、氟苯尼考和磺胺甲噁唑敏感。细菌对四环素(85.7%)、克林霉素(52.1%)和红霉素(47.6%)的耐药性较高。通过 PCR 检测耐药基因,结果显示分别有 47.6%、33.3% 和 38.1%的分离菌携带 tet(M)、tet(O) 和 erm(B) 基因:本研究结果表明,S. agalactiae 对抗菌素的耐药性很高。有必要对乳腺炎病原体进行监测,以防止这些细菌的传播。
{"title":"Molecular characterisation and antimicrobial resistance of <i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i> isolates from dairy farms in China.","authors":"Xiaojiao Ma, He Chen, Fulan Wang, Shuai Wang, Yating Wu, Xianlan Ma, Yong Wei, Wei Shao, Yankun Zhao","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2023-0027","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jvetres-2023-0027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae)</i> is a pathogen causing bovine mastitis that results in considerable economic losses in the livestock sector. To understand the distribution and drug resistance characteristics of <i>S. agalactiae</i> from dairy cow mastitis cases in China, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was carried out and the serotypes and drug resistance characteristics of the bacteria in the region were analysed.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A total of 21 strains of bovine <i>S. agalactiae</i> were characterised based on MLST, molecular serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and the presence of drug resistance genes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The serotypes were mainly Ia and II, accounting for 47.6% and 42.9% of all serotypes, respectively. Five sequence types (STs) were identified through MLST. The ST103 and ST1878 strains were predominant, with rates of 52.4% and 28.6%, respectively. The latter is a novel, previously uncharacterised sequence type. More than 90% of <i>S. agalactiae</i> strains were susceptible to penicillin, oxacillin, cephalothin, ceftiofur, gentamicin, florfenicol and sulfamethoxazole. The bacteria showed high resistance to tetracycline (85.7%), clindamycin (52.1%) and erythromycin (47.6%). Resistant genes were detected by PCR, the result of which showed that 47.6%, 33.3% and 38.1% of isolates carried the <i>tet(M)</i>, <i>tet(O)</i> and <i>erm(B)</i> genes, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this study indicate that <i>S. agalactiae</i> show a high level of antimicrobial resistance. It is necessary to monitor the pathogens of mastitis to prevent the transmission of these bacteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":54685,"journal":{"name":"Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10740378/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74919597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Molecular epidemiological characteristics and genetic evolutionary relationships of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus of different avian origins in Qingdao, China, using whole-genome sequencing. 利用全基因组测序分析中国青岛不同禽源耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的分子流行病学特征和遗传进化关系。
IF 2.7 3区 农林科学 Q1 Veterinary Pub Date : 2023-06-16 eCollection Date: 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2023-0035
Zhen Xiao, Zhina Qu, Na Liu, Juan Wang, Jianmei Zhao, Junhui Liu, Lin Wang, Xiumei Huang, Qingqing Zhang, Yubin Gao, Junwei Wang, Zhiyong Yu, Jiajia Guan, Huanqi Liu

Introduction: To understand the prevalence of avian methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and the current status of drug resistance in Qingdao, a comprehensive molecular epidemiological investigation and analysis of evolutionary relationships of MRSA isolates from broiler and layer chickens and waterfowl was conducted.

Material and methods: One hundred and two avian MRSA strains were identified by multi-locus sequence typing, staphylococcal protein A (spa) and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing, and whole-genome sequencing.

Results: The sequence type (ST) 9-t899-SCCmec IVb type represented the highest proportion of avian-derived MRSA strains (71.57%), with ST398 type strains occasionally observed in broilers and waterfowl. The poultry-derived MRSA strains were all resistant to eight or more antimicrobials. Avian-derived MRSA strains carried 20 resistance genes, 109 virulence genes and 10 plasmids. Strains carrying the cfr oxazolidinone resistance gene were occasionally seen in broiler- and layer-derived MRSA. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) core genome evolution and locus difference analysis showed that the closest strains were all of ST9-t899 type (to which also affiliated the highest number of strains) and this type occurred on all three kinds of poultry farm, but the SNP difference loci between strains of the same type ranged from 0 to 1472.

Conclusion: The dominant type of MRSA from different poultry sources in Qingdao is ST9-t899-SCCmec IVb, which is commonly resistant to a variety of antimicrobial drugs and carries a variety of resistance genes and a large number of virulence genes. Sequence type 9-t899 type is widely spread among the three kinds of poultry investigated, but there are differences in affiliations.

引言为了解青岛地区禽类耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)的流行情况和耐药性现状,对肉鸡、蛋鸡和水禽MRSA分离株进行了全面的分子流行病学调查和进化关系分析:通过多焦点序列分型、葡萄球菌蛋白 A(spa)和葡萄球菌盒式染色体 mec(SCCmec)分型和全基因组测序鉴定了 122 株禽类 MRSA:在禽源性 MRSA 菌株中,序列类型(ST)9-t899-SCCmec IVb 型所占比例最高(71.57%),在肉鸡和水禽中偶尔也能观察到 ST398 型菌株。禽源性 MRSA 菌株均对八种或八种以上的抗菌药物具有耐药性。禽源性 MRSA 菌株携带 20 个耐药基因、109 个毒力基因和 10 个质粒。携带 cfr噁唑烷酮抗性基因的菌株偶尔会出现在肉鸡和蛋鸡来源的 MRSA 中。单核苷酸多态性(SNP)核心基因组进化和位点差异分析表明,最接近的菌株均为 ST9-t899 型(隶属于该型的菌株数量也最多),该型菌株出现在所有三种家禽养殖场,但同型菌株之间的 SNP 差异位点从 0 到 1472 不等:结论:青岛市不同禽源MRSA的优势类型为ST9-t899-SCCmec IVb,该类型对多种抗菌药物普遍耐药,携带多种耐药基因和大量毒力基因。9-t899序列型在所调查的三种家禽中分布广泛,但隶属关系存在差异。
{"title":"Molecular epidemiological characteristics and genetic evolutionary relationships of methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> of different avian origins in Qingdao, China, using whole-genome sequencing.","authors":"Zhen Xiao, Zhina Qu, Na Liu, Juan Wang, Jianmei Zhao, Junhui Liu, Lin Wang, Xiumei Huang, Qingqing Zhang, Yubin Gao, Junwei Wang, Zhiyong Yu, Jiajia Guan, Huanqi Liu","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2023-0035","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jvetres-2023-0035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>To understand the prevalence of avian methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) and the current status of drug resistance in Qingdao, a comprehensive molecular epidemiological investigation and analysis of evolutionary relationships of MRSA isolates from broiler and layer chickens and waterfowl was conducted.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>One hundred and two avian MRSA strains were identified by multi-locus sequence typing, staphylococcal protein A (<i>spa</i>) and staphylococcal cassette chromosome <i>mec</i> (SCCmec) typing, and whole-genome sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sequence type (ST) 9-t899-SCC<i>mec</i> IVb type represented the highest proportion of avian-derived MRSA strains (71.57%), with ST398 type strains occasionally observed in broilers and waterfowl. The poultry-derived MRSA strains were all resistant to eight or more antimicrobials. Avian-derived MRSA strains carried 20 resistance genes, 109 virulence genes and 10 plasmids. Strains carrying the <i>cfr</i> oxazolidinone resistance gene were occasionally seen in broiler- and layer-derived MRSA. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) core genome evolution and locus difference analysis showed that the closest strains were all of ST9-t899 type (to which also affiliated the highest number of strains) and this type occurred on all three kinds of poultry farm, but the SNP difference loci between strains of the same type ranged from 0 to 1472.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The dominant type of MRSA from different poultry sources in Qingdao is ST9-t899-SCC<i>mec</i> IVb, which is commonly resistant to a variety of antimicrobial drugs and carries a variety of resistance genes and a large number of virulence genes. Sequence type 9-t899 type is widely spread among the three kinds of poultry investigated, but there are differences in affiliations.</p>","PeriodicalId":54685,"journal":{"name":"Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10740325/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79962404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comparative analysis of total protein, casein, lactose, and fat content in milk of cows suffering from subclinical and clinical mastitis caused by Streptococcus spp. 由链球菌引起的亚临床和临床乳腺炎奶牛乳汁中总蛋白、酪蛋白、乳糖和脂肪含量的比较分析
IF 2.7 3区 农林科学 Q1 Veterinary Pub Date : 2023-06-16 eCollection Date: 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2023-0028
Mariola Bochniarz, Przemysław Błaszczyk, Marek Szczubiał, Iosif Vasiu, Łukasz Adaszek, Katarzyna Michalak, Dorota Pietras-Ożga, Marco Wochnik, Roman Dąbrowski

Introduction: The aim of the study was to analyse the total protein (TP), casein (CAS), lactose (LAC), and fat content of milk from cows with subclinical (SCM) and clinical mastitis (CM) caused by Streptococcus spp.

Material and methods: A total of 60 milk samples from diseased cows and 30 milk samples from healthy cows were included in the study. Milk samples were taken from Holstein-Friesian cows from four dairy farms in Lublin Province. The bacteriological examination of the milk was performed and the somatic cells count in 1 mL of milk was determined using a SomaCount FC automatic cell counter. Determination of TP, CAS, LAC, FAT and FA levels in milk was carried out using a DairySpec FT automated Fourier transform infrared spectrometer.

Results: Total protein in milk from HE was significantly higher than in milk from cows with mastitis (4.04% vs 3.57% in milk from SCM cows and 3.7% in milk from CM cows, P = 0.001). The CAS level was 2.73% in milk from CM cows and 2.92% in milk from SCM cows vs 3.30% in milk from HE cows, P = 0.001. The changes in CAS and TP in milk resulted in a significant difference in the CAS/TP ratio (81.7% in milk from HE cows vs 73.8% in milk from CM cows). A decrease in levels was also recorded for LAC (4.8% in milk from HE cows vs 4.51% in milk from SCM cows and 4.01% in milk from CM cows, P = 0.001). The fat level was significantly higher in milk from healthy cows than in milk from cows with mastitis (4.0% vs 2.3% in milk from SCM cows and 1.64% in milk from CM cows, P = 0.001).

Conclusion: It should be emphasised that the decrease in the levels of TP, LAC and FAT was significant not only in milk from CM cows but also in milk from SCM cows. This is very unfavourable, because the reduction in the main milk components results in poor quality dairy products and impairs line processes.

引言研究旨在分析由链球菌引起的亚临床(SCM)和临床乳腺炎(CM)奶牛牛奶中的总蛋白(TP)、酪蛋白(CAS)、乳糖(LAC)和脂肪含量:研究共包括 60 份患病奶牛的牛奶样本和 30 份健康奶牛的牛奶样本。牛奶样本取自卢布林省四个奶牛场的荷斯坦-弗里斯兰奶牛。对牛奶进行了细菌学检查,并使用 SomaCount FC 自动细胞计数器测定了 1 毫升牛奶中的体细胞数。使用 DairySpec FT 自动傅立叶变换红外光谱仪测定了牛奶中的 TP、CAS、LAC、FAT 和 FA 含量:高产奶牛牛奶中的总蛋白含量明显高于患有乳腺炎的奶牛(单膜奶牛牛奶中的总蛋白含量为 4.04%,单膜奶牛牛奶中的总蛋白含量为 3.57%,双膜奶牛牛奶中的总蛋白含量为 3.7%,P = 0.001)。CM奶牛和SCM奶牛的CAS水平分别为2.73%和2.92%,而HE奶牛的CAS水平为3.30%,P = 0.001。牛奶中 CAS 和 TP 的变化导致 CAS/TP 比率的显著差异(HE 奶牛牛奶中的 CAS/TP 比率为 81.7%,而 CM 奶牛牛奶中的 CAS/TP 比率为 73.8%)。LAC水平也有所下降(HE奶牛的牛奶为4.8%,SCM奶牛的牛奶为4.51%,CM奶牛的牛奶为4.01%,P = 0.001)。健康奶牛牛奶中的脂肪含量明显高于患有乳腺炎的奶牛牛奶(健康奶牛牛奶中的脂肪含量为 4.0% vs 2.3% SCM 奶牛牛奶中的脂肪含量为 2.3%,CM 奶牛牛奶中的脂肪含量为 1.64%,P = 0.001):需要强调的是,TP、LAC 和 FAT 水平的下降不仅在 CM 奶牛的牛奶中明显,在 SCM 奶牛的牛奶中也同样明显。这是非常不利的,因为牛奶中主要成分的减少会导致乳制品质量下降,并影响生产线工艺。
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引用次数: 0
Prevalence of the blaCTX-M and blaTEM genes among extended-spectrum beta lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolated from broiler chickens in Indonesia. 印度尼西亚肉鸡中分离出的产扩展谱β-乳酰胺酶大肠杆菌中 blaCTX-M 和 blaTEM 基因的流行情况。
IF 2.7 3区 农林科学 Q1 Veterinary Pub Date : 2023-06-16 eCollection Date: 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2023-0025
Hayyun Durrotul Faridah, Freshindy Marissa Wibisono, Freshinta Jellia Wibisono, Nabilatun Nisa, Fatimah Fatimah, Mustofa Helmi Effendi, Emmanuel Nnabuike Ugbo, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Shendy Canadya Kurniawan, Otto Sahat Martua Silaen

Introduction: Infections of humans and animals by multidrug resistant bacteria are increasing because of the inappropriate use of antibiotics. Disease management may be more challenging if Escherichia coli produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), which could cause resistance to aztreonam and third-generation cephalosporins. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of the blaCTX-M and blaTEM genes among ESBL-producing E. coli isolated from broiler chickens in Indonesia.

Material and methods: A total of 115 broiler cloacal swab samples were obtained from 22 farms and studied for the presence of E. coli. The isolates were identified using approved standard methods and were purified on eosin methylene blue agar media. The E. coli isolates were subjected to sensitivity testing using beta-lactam antibiotics, and ESBL production was confirmed by a double-disc synergy test. The presence of the blaCTX-M and blaTEM genes was identified using a PCR.

Results: It was found that 99/115 (86.1%) of the isolated E. coli were resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics and 34/115 (29.6%) of them were phenotypically detected to be ESBL producers. Of the 34 isolates that were confirmed ESBL producers, 32/34 (94.1%) of them harboured the blaCTX-M and 13/34 (38.2%) the blaTEM genes. The blaCTX-M and blaTEM genes were detected together in 12/34 (35.3%) isolates.

Conclusion: This study discovered that broiler chickens are possible reservoirs of ESBL-producing E. coli that may infect humans. Thus, a committed public health education campaign is recommended in order to mitigate the potential threat to human health.

导言:由于抗生素使用不当,耐多药细菌对人类和动物的感染日益增多。如果大肠埃希菌产生广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBL),可能导致对阿曲南类和第三代头孢菌素产生耐药性,那么疾病管理可能会更具挑战性。本研究旨在确定从印度尼西亚肉鸡中分离出的产ESBL大肠杆菌中blaCTX-M和blaTEM基因的流行情况:从 22 个农场共获得 115 份肉鸡泄殖腔拭子样本,并对样本中是否存在大肠杆菌进行了研究。分离出的大肠杆菌采用认可的标准方法进行鉴定,并在伊红亚甲基蓝琼脂培养基上进行纯化。对分离出的大肠杆菌进行了β-内酰胺类抗生素的敏感性测试,并通过双盘协同作用试验确认了ESBL的产生。通过 PCR 鉴定了 blaCTX-M 和 blaTEM 基因的存在:结果发现,99/115(86.1%)分离出的大肠杆菌对β-内酰胺类抗生素具有耐药性,其中 34/115(29.6%)经表型检测为 ESBL 生产者。在 34 个经证实产生 ESBL 的分离菌株中,32/34(94.1%)携带 blaCTX-M 基因,13/34(38.2%)携带 blaTEM 基因。12/34(35.3%)个分离株同时检测到 blaCTX-M 和 blaTEM 基因:结论:本研究发现,肉鸡可能是产生 ESBL 的大肠杆菌的贮藏地,这些大肠杆菌可能会感染人类。因此,建议大力开展公共卫生教育活动,以减轻对人类健康的潜在威胁。
{"title":"Prevalence of the <i>bla</i><sub>CTX-M</sub> and <i>bla</i><sub>TEM</sub> genes among extended-spectrum beta lactamase-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> isolated from broiler chickens in Indonesia.","authors":"Hayyun Durrotul Faridah, Freshindy Marissa Wibisono, Freshinta Jellia Wibisono, Nabilatun Nisa, Fatimah Fatimah, Mustofa Helmi Effendi, Emmanuel Nnabuike Ugbo, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Shendy Canadya Kurniawan, Otto Sahat Martua Silaen","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2023-0025","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jvetres-2023-0025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Infections of humans and animals by multidrug resistant bacteria are increasing because of the inappropriate use of antibiotics. Disease management may be more challenging if <i>Escherichia coli</i> produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), which could cause resistance to aztreonam and third-generation cephalosporins. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of the <i>bla</i><sub>CTX-M</sub> and <i>bla</i><sub>TEM</sub> genes among ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> isolated from broiler chickens in Indonesia.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A total of 115 broiler cloacal swab samples were obtained from 22 farms and studied for the presence of <i>E. coli</i>. The isolates were identified using approved standard methods and were purified on eosin methylene blue agar media. The <i>E. coli</i> isolates were subjected to sensitivity testing using beta-lactam antibiotics, and ESBL production was confirmed by a double-disc synergy test. The presence of the <i>bla</i><sub>CTX-M</sub> and <i>bla</i><sub>TEM</sub> genes was identified using a PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It was found that 99/115 (86.1%) of the isolated <i>E. coli</i> were resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics and 34/115 (29.6%) of them were phenotypically detected to be ESBL producers. Of the 34 isolates that were confirmed ESBL producers, 32/34 (94.1%) of them harboured the <i>bla</i><sub>CTX-M</sub> and 13/34 (38.2%) the <i>bla</i><sub>TEM</sub> genes. The <i>bla</i><sub>CTX-M</sub> and <i>bla</i><sub>TEM</sub> genes were detected together in 12/34 (35.3%) isolates.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study discovered that broiler chickens are possible reservoirs of ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> that may infect humans. Thus, a committed public health education campaign is recommended in order to mitigate the potential threat to human health.</p>","PeriodicalId":54685,"journal":{"name":"Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10740326/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80891346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Temporal modelling of Lymnaea natalensis (Krauss, 1848) in tropical aquatic habitats. 热带水生生境中纳塔利姆(lynaea natalensis, Krauss, 1848)的时间模拟。
IF 2.7 3区 农林科学 Q1 Veterinary Pub Date : 2023-05-10 DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v90i1.2023
Opeyemi G Oso, Joseph O Sunday, Alexander B Odaibo

Lymnaea natalensis is the only snail intermediate host of Fasciola gigantica, the causative agent of fascioliasis, in Nigeria. The species also serves as intermediate host for many other African trematode species of medical and veterinary importance, and it is found throughout the country. However, there is no detailed information on the factors that influence its distribution and seasonal abundance in the tropical aquatic habitats in Nigeria. This study used the geographic information system and remotely sensed data to develop models for predicting the distribution of L. natalensis in South-Western Nigeria. Both land surface temperature (LST) and normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) were extracted from Landsat satellite imagery; other variables (slope and elevation) were extracted from a digital elevation model (DEM) while rainfall data were retrieved from the European Meteorology Research Programme (EMRP). These environmental variables were integrated into a geographic information system (GIS) to predict suitable habitats of L. natalensis using exploratory regression. A total of 1410 L. natalensis snails were collected vis-à-vis 22 sampling sites. Built-up areas recorded more L. natalensis compared with farmlands. There was no significant difference in the abundance of snails with season (p  0.05). The regression models showed that rainfall, NDVI, and slope were predictors of L. natalensis distribution. The habitats suitable for L. natalensis were central areas, while areas to the north and south were not suitable for L. natalensis.Contribution: The predictive risk models of L. natalensis in the study will be useful in mapping other areas where the snail sampling could not be conducted.

在尼日利亚,纳塔利姆是唯一的巨型片形吸虫(引起片形吸虫病的病原体)的蜗牛中间宿主。该物种还作为许多其他具有医学和兽医重要性的非洲吸虫物种的中间宿主,在全国各地都有发现。但是,没有关于影响其在尼日利亚热带水生生境的分布和季节性丰度的因素的详细资料。本研究利用地理信息系统和遥感数据建立了预测尼日利亚西南部L. natalensis分布的模型。从Landsat卫星影像中提取地表温度(LST)和归一化植被指数(NDVI);其他变量(坡度和高程)从数字高程模型(DEM)中提取,而降雨数据则从欧洲气象研究计划(EMRP)中检索。将这些环境变量整合到地理信息系统(GIS)中,利用探索性回归方法预测柽柳的适宜生境。在-à-vis 22个采样点共采集到钉螺1410只。建成区比农田录得更多。钉螺丰度随季节变化无显著差异(p < 0.05)。回归模型表明,降雨、NDVI和坡度是柽柳分布的预测因子。柽柳的适宜生境为中部地区,北部和南部地区不适宜。贡献:本研究建立的预测风险模型将有助于绘制其他无法进行蜗牛采样的地区的地图。
{"title":"Temporal modelling of Lymnaea natalensis (Krauss, 1848) in tropical aquatic habitats.","authors":"Opeyemi G Oso,&nbsp;Joseph O Sunday,&nbsp;Alexander B Odaibo","doi":"10.4102/ojvr.v90i1.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ojvr.v90i1.2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lymnaea natalensis is the only snail intermediate host of Fasciola gigantica, the causative agent of fascioliasis, in Nigeria. The species also serves as intermediate host for many other African trematode species of medical and veterinary importance, and it is found throughout the country. However, there is no detailed information on the factors that influence its distribution and seasonal abundance in the tropical aquatic habitats in Nigeria. This study used the geographic information system and remotely sensed data to develop models for predicting the distribution of L. natalensis in South-Western Nigeria. Both land surface temperature (LST) and normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) were extracted from Landsat satellite imagery; other variables (slope and elevation) were extracted from a digital elevation model (DEM) while rainfall data were retrieved from the European Meteorology Research Programme (EMRP). These environmental variables were integrated into a geographic information system (GIS) to predict suitable habitats of L. natalensis using exploratory regression. A total of 1410 L. natalensis snails were collected vis-à-vis 22 sampling sites. Built-up areas recorded more L. natalensis compared with farmlands. There was no significant difference in the abundance of snails with season (p  0.05). The regression models showed that rainfall, NDVI, and slope were predictors of L. natalensis distribution. The habitats suitable for L. natalensis were central areas, while areas to the north and south were not suitable for L. natalensis.Contribution: The predictive risk models of L. natalensis in the study will be useful in mapping other areas where the snail sampling could not be conducted.</p>","PeriodicalId":54685,"journal":{"name":"Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10244977/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9589894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of bovine neosporosis in the Khomas region of Namibia. 纳米比亚Khomas地区牛新孢子病的血清患病率和相关危险因素。
IF 2.7 3区 农林科学 Q1 Veterinary Pub Date : 2023-04-05 DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v90i1.2077
Alaster Samkange, Simbarashe Chitanga, Georgina N Tjipura-Zaire, Vimanuka G Mutjavikua, Jan W Smith, Luis Neves, Tshepo Matjila

Neospora caninum is a coccidian parasite that occurs worldwide and is one of the most important causes of abortion, especially in cattle. However, no studies have been performed in Namibia to determine the N. caninum status in livestock. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of N. caninum in cattle and the associated risk factors in the Khomas region of Namibia. A total of 736 sera were collected from cows in 32 farming establishments. These comprised 698 beef and 38 dairy cattle sera and were tested using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Questionnaires were concurrently administered to determine possible risk factors associated with N. caninum seropositivity. A total of 42 sera were positive (all beef), giving an animal-level seroprevalence rate of 5.7%. Eight of the 32 establishments had at least one positive animal, giving a herd-level seroprevalence of 25%. There was no significant association between seropositivity and the presence of dogs, jackals, history of abortions, farm size, number of cattle or average annual rainfall. The establishments with moderate to high numbers of Feliformia were 9.8 times more likely to be seropositive to N. caninum than those with none to low levels of the former (p = 0.0245). The authors concluded that the seroprevalence level of N. caninum in the Khomas region was relatively low compared with other parts of the world and that the role of Feliformia in the epidemiology of bovine neosporosis needed to be further investigated.Contribution: Serological evidence of bovine neosporosis and the associated risk factors are reported in Namibia for the first time. This study contributes to the scientific body of knowledge on N. caninum in Africa, which is currently limited.

犬新孢子虫是一种球虫寄生虫,发生在世界各地,是流产的最重要原因之一,特别是在牛。然而,在纳米比亚没有进行研究以确定犬奈瑟菌在牲畜中的状况。因此,本研究旨在确定纳米比亚Khomas地区牛中犬奈瑟菌的血清流行率及其相关危险因素。从32个养殖场所的奶牛中共收集了736份血清。其中包括698份牛肉血清和38份奶牛血清,并使用商用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)试剂盒进行检测。同时进行问卷调查,以确定与犬奈瑟菌血清阳性相关的可能危险因素。共有42份血清呈阳性(均为牛肉),动物水平的血清阳性率为5.7%。32个场所中有8个至少有一只动物呈阳性,群体水平血清阳性率为25%。血清阳性与狗、豺的存在、流产史、农场规模、牛的数量或年平均降雨量之间没有显著关联。中高蚤孳生场所对犬北丝虫的血清阳性检出率是低蚤孳生场所的9.8倍(p = 0.0245)。作者得出结论,与世界其他地区相比,Khomas地区的N. caninum血清流行率相对较低,Feliformia在牛新孢子病流行病学中的作用有待进一步调查。贡献:首次在纳米比亚报告了牛新孢子病和相关危险因素的血清学证据。本研究为目前有限的非洲犬乳杆菌的科学知识体系做出了贡献。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research
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