Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.5670/OCEANOG.2021.302
A. Chava, A. Gebruk, G. Kolbasova, A. Krylov, A. Tanurkov, Andrei Gorbuskin, O. Konovalova, Dragosh Migali, Yulia Ermilova, N. Shabalin, V. Chava, I. Semiletov, V. Mokievsky
AIMS AND SCOPE OF THE STUDY The expansion of human activities into deep sea areas is leading to an increase in the number of manmade structures on the seafloor below the shallowwater zone (<50 m depth; Jouffray et al., 2020). These structures provide a new type of habitat— hard substrate on or above the soft, sedimented bottom (e.g., Degraer et al., 2020). The development, composition, and abundance of biofouling organisms on these structures are much less studied than those in the shallow waters (Cowie, 2010). Only patchy observations exist on the temporal scale of the biofouling process on hard substrates below 50 m depth (e.g., Apolinario and Coutinho, 2009; Cowie, 2010; Bellou et al., 2012; Degraer et al., 2020). Thus, our understanding of biofouling temporal and spatial scales, and its variation with depth, is limited. One way to increase the amount of data available for addressing the development of fouling communities is collection of long-term observations using replicates of different duration (e.g., Hutchison et al., 2020). These timeand effortconsuming studies are usually based on specially designed installations mounted at different depths (e.g., Railkin, 2004). Here, we propose a simple approach for collecting biofouling observations along with primary hydrological and geophysical data. The small addition of test panels to standard oceanographic instrumentation can help to fill the gaps in our understanding of the development of biofouling communities in lesser-known areas. Here, we first present a literature review of the state of knowledge of marine biofouling to introduce the field’s terms, concepts, and knowledge gaps. We then present two case studies that support our proposed approach to collecting biofouling information, followed by identification of further steps, recommendations, and research opportunities that will improve our understanding of biofouling with increasing water depth in the ocean.
研究的目的和范围人类活动向深海地区的扩展导致浅水区(<50米深;Jouffray et al.， 2020)。这些结构提供了一种新型的栖息地——在柔软的沉积物底部或上面的硬基质(例如，Degraer等，2020)。与浅水相比，对这些结构上生物污染生物的发育、组成和丰度的研究要少得多(Cowie, 2010)。在50 m深度以下的硬基质上，生物污染过程的时间尺度上只有零星的观测结果(例如，Apolinario和Coutinho, 2009;考伊,2010;Bellou et al.， 2012;Degraer et al.， 2020)。因此，我们对生物污染时空尺度及其随深度变化的理解是有限的。增加可用于解决污染群落发展的数据量的一种方法是使用不同持续时间的重复收集长期观察数据(例如，Hutchison et al.， 2020)。这些耗时费力的研究通常是基于安装在不同深度的专门设计的装置(例如，Railkin, 2004)。在这里，我们提出了一种简单的方法来收集生物污染观测以及主要的水文和地球物理数据。在标准海洋学仪器上增加一小块测试板，可以帮助填补我们对不太为人所知地区生物污染群落发展的理解空白。在这里，我们首先对海洋生物污染的知识现状进行了文献综述，介绍了该领域的术语、概念和知识差距。然后，我们提出了两个案例研究来支持我们提出的收集生物污垢信息的方法，随后确定了进一步的步骤、建议和研究机会，这些建议和研究机会将提高我们对海洋中不断增加的水深的生物污垢的理解。
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Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.5670/oceanog.2021.310
A. Lavery
{"title":"Working Together Toward a Successful OSM 2022","authors":"A. Lavery","doi":"10.5670/oceanog.2021.310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2021.310","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54695,"journal":{"name":"Oceanography","volume":"34 1","pages":"5-5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44069379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.5670/OCEANOG.2021.312
C. Dybas
{"title":"Life in Seas Frozen and Tropical: For Penguins and Beyond, New Discoveries in Ocean Genomics","authors":"C. Dybas","doi":"10.5670/OCEANOG.2021.312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5670/OCEANOG.2021.312","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54695,"journal":{"name":"Oceanography","volume":"34 1","pages":"9-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42530250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.5670/OCEANOG.2021.303
Héctor Villalobos, J. Zwolinski, C. A. Godínez-Pérez, Violeta E. González-Máynez, Fernando Manini-Ramos, Melissa Mayorga-Martínez, W. Michaels, Mitzi Palacios-Higuera, U. Rubio-Rodríguez, A. Sarmiento-Lezcano, D. Demer
{"title":"A Practical Approach to Monitoring Marine Protected Areas: An Application to El Bajo Espíritu Santo Seamount Near La Paz, Mexico","authors":"Héctor Villalobos, J. Zwolinski, C. A. Godínez-Pérez, Violeta E. González-Máynez, Fernando Manini-Ramos, Melissa Mayorga-Martínez, W. Michaels, Mitzi Palacios-Higuera, U. Rubio-Rodríguez, A. Sarmiento-Lezcano, D. Demer","doi":"10.5670/OCEANOG.2021.303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5670/OCEANOG.2021.303","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54695,"journal":{"name":"Oceanography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43596432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.5670/OCEANOG.2021.309
E. Kappel
{"title":"The September Issue: Some Things Old and Some Things New","authors":"E. Kappel","doi":"10.5670/OCEANOG.2021.309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5670/OCEANOG.2021.309","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54695,"journal":{"name":"Oceanography","volume":"34 1","pages":"3-3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45782127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.5670/OCEANOG.2021.301
M. Briscoe
{"title":"BOOK REVIEW • Science on a Mission: How Military Funding Shaped What We Do and Don't Know About the Ocean","authors":"M. Briscoe","doi":"10.5670/OCEANOG.2021.301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5670/OCEANOG.2021.301","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54695,"journal":{"name":"Oceanography","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42532198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.5670/OCEANOG.2021.308
E. Meyer‐Gutbrod, C. Greene, K. Davies, D. Johns
C. FINMARCHICUS ABUNDANCE Figure S1 shows the time series of the annual C. finmarchicus Abundance Index for the Gulf of Maine. It should be noted that NOAA funding cuts resulted in the Gulf of Maine Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) survey being discontinued in 2017. In addition, the survey route was changed in 2009, shifting its departure port from Boston, Massachusetts, to Portland, Maine. Therefore, coverage of Massachusetts Bay was discontinued, and coverage of the western Gulf of Maine was markedly different after 2009. Coverages of the eastern Gulf of Maine and western Scotian Shelf remained comparable. Results from a spatially and temporally resolved right whale reproduction model (Meyer-Gutbrod et al., 2015) demonstrated that when the summertime (third quarter–July, August, September) C. finmarchicus Abundance Index in the eastern Gulf of Maine falls below a certain threshold value, prenatal or neonatal calf mortality is triggered, presumably due to inadequate prey availability and poor maternal nutrition. This threshold value is shown in Figure S2, the time series of the summertime C. finmarchicus Abundance Index in the eastern Gulf of Maine. Due to the previously mentioned limitations in the availability of CPR survey data in the western Gulf of Maine during recent years, this threshold value could only be estimated, with the model using data through 2009. Because of this constraint, it was decided to show the threshold value in Figure S2 rather than in Figure 2c.
C.FINMARCHICUS丰度图S1显示了缅因湾年度C.finmarchi丰度指数的时间序列。需要注意的是，美国国家海洋和大气管理局的资金削减导致缅因湾连续浮游生物记录器（CPR）调查于2017年停止。此外，调查路线在2009年发生了变化，将出发港从马萨诸塞州波士顿转移到缅因州波特兰。因此，马萨诸塞湾的覆盖范围停止了，缅因湾西部的覆盖范围在2009年后明显不同。缅因湾东部和斯科细亚大陆架西部的覆盖率仍然相当。空间和时间分辨露脊鲸繁殖模型的结果（Meyer Gutbrod et al.，2015）表明，当缅因湾东部的夏季（第三季度——7月、8月、9月）C.finmarchicus丰度指数降至某个阈值以下时，就会触发产前或新生儿幼崽死亡率，可能是由于猎物供应不足和母体营养不良。该阈值如图S2所示，这是缅因湾东部夏季C.finmarchicus丰度指数的时间序列。由于近年来缅因湾西部CPR调查数据的可用性存在上述限制，该阈值只能通过使用截至2009年的数据进行估计。由于这个限制，决定在图S2中显示阈值，而不是在图2c中。
{"title":"Ocean Regime Shift is Driving Collapse of the North Atlantic Right Whale Population","authors":"E. Meyer‐Gutbrod, C. Greene, K. Davies, D. Johns","doi":"10.5670/OCEANOG.2021.308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5670/OCEANOG.2021.308","url":null,"abstract":"C. FINMARCHICUS ABUNDANCE Figure S1 shows the time series of the annual C. finmarchicus Abundance Index for the Gulf of Maine. It should be noted that NOAA funding cuts resulted in the Gulf of Maine Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) survey being discontinued in 2017. In addition, the survey route was changed in 2009, shifting its departure port from Boston, Massachusetts, to Portland, Maine. Therefore, coverage of Massachusetts Bay was discontinued, and coverage of the western Gulf of Maine was markedly different after 2009. Coverages of the eastern Gulf of Maine and western Scotian Shelf remained comparable. Results from a spatially and temporally resolved right whale reproduction model (Meyer-Gutbrod et al., 2015) demonstrated that when the summertime (third quarter–July, August, September) C. finmarchicus Abundance Index in the eastern Gulf of Maine falls below a certain threshold value, prenatal or neonatal calf mortality is triggered, presumably due to inadequate prey availability and poor maternal nutrition. This threshold value is shown in Figure S2, the time series of the summertime C. finmarchicus Abundance Index in the eastern Gulf of Maine. Due to the previously mentioned limitations in the availability of CPR survey data in the western Gulf of Maine during recent years, this threshold value could only be estimated, with the model using data through 2009. Because of this constraint, it was decided to show the threshold value in Figure S2 rather than in Figure 2c.","PeriodicalId":54695,"journal":{"name":"Oceanography","volume":"34 1","pages":"22-31"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47893190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.5670/OCEANOG.2021.311
E. Meyer‐Gutbrod
{"title":"JEDI Events and Programming for OSM 2022","authors":"E. Meyer‐Gutbrod","doi":"10.5670/OCEANOG.2021.311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5670/OCEANOG.2021.311","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54695,"journal":{"name":"Oceanography","volume":"34 1","pages":"7-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44551413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.5670/OCEANOG.2021.306
E. Urban, S. Seeyave
{"title":"Visiting Scientists Provide Capacity Development: Lessons Learned by POGO and SCOR","authors":"E. Urban, S. Seeyave","doi":"10.5670/OCEANOG.2021.306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5670/OCEANOG.2021.306","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54695,"journal":{"name":"Oceanography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48852745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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