Nutrition and Cancer-An International Journal最新文献

High sodium diets have been shown to promote stomach colonization and the induction of tissue damage by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a risk factor for gastric cancer. Among American Indians in the Southwest, where the H. pylori prevalence is 60%, the association between diet and H. pylori infection has not been studied. We conducted a cross-sectional pilot study with 93 adults (51%, 18-44 years, 73% female) in the Navajo Nation to assess their diet with self-administered food questionnaires and to detect H. pylori from stool samples using droplet digital PCR. Three diet patterns were identified using Principal Component Analysis: 1) Western, 2) Soups and Mixed Dishes, and 3) Fruits and Vegetables. Participants in the highest and middle tertiles of the Soups and Mixed Dishes pattern scores had higher odds of having H. pylori (OR_Highest=5.59, 95% CI, 1.50-23.70; OR_Middle=3.48, 95% CI, 1.08-12.32) than those in the lowest tertile. This positive association may be linked to the sodium content of foods in this diet pattern. Soups and Mixed Dishes may contribute to H. pylori infection and may be incorporated in nutrition education for individuals positive for H. pylori infection in the Navajo Nation.

Older cancer patients present a high risk of malnutrition and muscle loss, which can worsen outcomes and delay recovery. This study assessed whether combining nutritional risk screening tools with calf circumference (CC) measurements improves the prediction of hospital outcomes in older adults with solid tumors. A secondary analysis of 305 hospitalized cancer patients (mean age 68.2 ± 8.9 years; 59.3% male; 32.8% with gastrointestinal cancers) was conducted. Low CC was defined as ≤34 cm for men and ≤33 cm for women, with adjustments for body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m². Nearly 60% of patients had low CC. The Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form, particularly when combined with low unadjusted CC, showed the highest accuracy and sensitivity among the screening tools for predicting hospital stays of five days or more. In adjusted analyses, patients identified as being at nutritional risk and presented with low CC had approximately twice the odds of experiencing prolonged hospitalization. No significant association was found with hospital readmissions. These findings underscore the importance of integrating anthropometric measures like CC with established nutritional screening tools to better identify older cancer patients at risk for extended hospital stays.

The SARS-CoV-2 virus has been the subject of study by several researchers worldwide since 2020; however, there are points to be clarified. This study aimed to analyze the clinical and nutritional aspects of hospitalized cancer and non-cancer pediatric patients and the association with COVID-19 outcomes. This is a cohort study of hospitalized children and adolescents with a laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19. Patients were assessed according to the presence or absence of previous oncological diseases. Sociodemographic, clinical and nutritional data were investigated during the course of the infection. Outcomes included Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission, longer length of stay (14 days), criticality, and death. Oncological disease was found in 16 (19.3%) patients, most of whom had B-type acute lymphoid leukemia. In Poisson regression, adjusted for age and comorbidity, an association was found between oncological disease and length of stay ≥14 days (RR 4.30; 95% CI 1.46 - 15.6; p = 0.013), COVID-19 criticality (RR 3.82; 95% CI 1.66 - 30.9; p = 0.010) and death (RR 3.42; 95% CI 0.94 - 9.96; p = 0.035). The research revealed that cancer patients had longer hospital stays, were more likely to have the severe form of COVID-19, and had a 3.42 times greater risk of dying.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent global malignancy with substantial morbidity and mortality. Accurate prognostic evaluation is essential in CRC patient management. This study investigates the prognostic significance of red blood cell count (RBC) and Onodera's prognostic nutritional index (OPNI) in resectable CRC patients.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 210 CRC patients undergoing radical resection (January 2015-January 2017) assessed clinical and hematological factors, including RBC, albumin, hemoglobin, and OPNI. A novel comprehensive biomarker, R-OPNI, combining preoperative RBC with OPNI, was introduced. Correlations with patient survival were analyzed, and R-OPNI's independent prognostic value was assessed through univariate and multivariate Cox models. Predictive ability was compared to other factors using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) method.

Results: Higher RBC levels (≥ 3.9 × 10¹²/L) and elevated OPNI were associated with significantly improved overall survival. Lower R-OPNI scores (0 or 1) indicated notably poorer survival. Multivariate analysis confirmed R-OPNI's independent prognostic significance (HR: 0.273, 95% CI: 0.098-0.763, p = 0.013). R-OPNI (AUC = 0.732) demonstrated superior predictive value compared to individual prognostic factors.

Conclusion: R-OPNI emerges as a robust, independent prognostic predictor for resectable CRC patients, emphasizing the importance of assessing preoperative nutritional status.

There is inconclusive evidence on the role of dietary intake of vitamin B₁₂ in cancer. We evaluated the association between vitamin B₁₂ intake and cancer risk in a hospital-based case-control study, comprising 3,758 cancer cases and 2,995 controls in Vietnam. Vitamin B₁₂ intake was derived from the validated food frequency questionnaire. Unconditional logistic regression model was used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs), and respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between vitamin B₁₂ and cancer risk. There was a U-shaped association between vitamin B₁₂ intake and overall risk of cancer. Individuals with intakes lower than the median intake had a 6% (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.86-1.31)-107% (OR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.58-2.71), increased risk of cancer (P_trend<0.001), whereas those with higher intakes than the median intake had a 20% (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 0.97-1.48)-52% (OR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.22-1.89) increased risk of cancer (P_trend<0.04). The excess risk of cancer associated with low intakes of vitamin B₁₂ was observed among esophageal, lung, and breast cancer patients, whereas with high intakes of vitamin B₁₂ among gastric cancer patients. In summary, a U-shaped association between vitamin B₁₂ intake and increased cancer risk was observed in the Vietnamese population.

There are currently more than 3.3 million prostate cancer (PC) survivors in the United States. Conformance with national dietary guidelines and a good diet quality may lower the risk for Gleason grade progression in PC patients. Assessing the nutritional status of PC survivors is thus of paramount importance from a public health nutrition perspective. We used 24-h dietary recall data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) to systematically estimate nutrient intakes in n = 360 PC survivors (which may be extrapolated to represent n = 1,841,030 PC survivors) aged 70.69 years on average, and contrasted the results to the daily nutritional goals (DNG) in the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA). Diet quality in PC survivors was found to be generally poor, and the DNG as specified in the DGA were not met for many micronutrients, including calcium, magnesium and potassium. PC survivors had an insufficient intake of many vitamins (including vitamins A, C, D and E), and did not meet the intake recommendations for dietary fiber. Racial disparities in PC were reflected in the lower overall DQ in Non-Hispanic Black participants. Our results reiterate the need for nutritional assessment and counseling to improve DQ in PC patients.

Background: Immunotherapy has become a prevalent strategy in the neoadjuvant treatment of advanced gastric cancer (AGC). This study investigates the predictive value of computed tomography (CT)-derived body composition parameters on the efficacy of neoadjuvant immunotherapy for AGC.

Methods: Data on 103 patients with resectable AGC who received neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy at a teaching hospital between March 2020 and August 2022 were collected. Body composition parameters, including the subcutaneous adipose index (SAI), visceral adipose index (VAI), and skeletal muscle index (SMI), were calculated from pretreatment CT images. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models assessed the impact of these parameters on pathological responses and survival outcomes following treatment.

Results: Of the patients, 34 (33.0%) achieved a major pathological response (MPR). Higher SAI, VAI, and SMI values were significantly linked to an increased likelihood of achieving MPR (p < 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that only SAI independently predicted MPR (OR 1.042, 95% CI 1.009-1.077, p = 0.013). Furthermore, patients with a high SAI had significantly improved 2-year overall survival (76.9% vs. 54.9%, log-rank p = 0.012) and 2-year event-free survival (71.2% vs. 51.0%, log-rank p = 0.022) compared to those with low SAI. The survival benefit associated with high SAI was partly due to its higher MPR rate (mediating proportion: 37.5%, 95% CI: 12%-110%).

Conclusion: Pretreatment SAI independently correlates with MPR and better oncological outcomes in patients with AGC receiving neoadjuvant immunotherapy.

Sorafenib (SOR) is the first-line treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), while its therapeutic efficacy is unsatisfactory. Clinical studies suggest that combination therapy holds significant therapeutic potential to enhance SOR's efficacy. Berberine (BBR), a multiple-targeted agent, shows great promise in combination therapy. This study aims to investigate whether BBR can enhance SOR's effect in vitro and in vivo, and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. We selected BEL-7402 cells and Huh7 cells for our investigation and explored the effect of BBR on the sensitivity of SOR using the cell counting kit-8 assay, cell cycle analysis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection assay, Annexin V/PI staining, western blotting, and the construction of tumor xenograft models. Our findings demonstrate that BBR not only enhances the proliferation-inhibitory effects, apoptosis, and ROS generation induced by SOR, but also sensitizes tumor xenograft models to SOR. Notably, this synergistic effect is found to depend on AMPK activation and the inhibition of the mTOR signaling pathway, a mechanism coincident with that of metformin (MET). Furthermore, our results reveal that BBR exhibits a stronger synergistic effect with SOR compared to MET. These results may contribute to developing innovative combination strategies for the treatment of advanced HCC.

Nutritional status and psychological health are common issues in older patients with gastrointestinal (GI) cancer. This study aims to investigate the current status of malnutrition and its influencing factors in elderly patients with gastrointestinal tumors, the prevalence of anxiety and depression, and to analyze the interrelationship between the two, as well as their impacts on activity status, quality of life, and clinical outcomes. Furthermore, it explores whether necessary and reasonable nutritional and psychological interventions should be implemented in clinical practice to ensure maximum benefit for the patients. A cross-sectional survey was administered to 268 older patients with GI carcinoma. The estimated prevalence of malnutrition in older GI cancer patients was 70.1%. Body mass index (p < 0.001), Karnofsky Performance Status (p < 0.001), and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) (p = 0.03) were significant indicators of nutritional status. In total, 81.7% of the patients required nutritional support, but merely 46.3% of those received support in practice. Incidences of anxiety, depression, and their co-occurrence were 46.3%, 52.2%, and 38.8%, respectively. Nutritional status deterioration, anxiety, or depression were associated with poor quality of life and a series of adverse clinical outcomes. Malnutrition, anxiety, and depression were prevalent in older GI cancer patients and were associated with poor quality of life and a series of adverse clinical outcomes.