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Effect of flipped classroom and screen-based simulation on nursing students' clinical judgment: A quasi-experimental study 翻转课堂与屏幕模拟对护生临床判断的影响:一项准实验研究
IF 4.2 2区 医学 Q1 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2026.106983
Rachid Gouifrane , Halima Lajane , Mounir Arai , Omar Abidi , Ghizlane Chemsi , Mohamed Radid

Background

Clinical judgment is essential in nursing education, especially in emergency care. However, several studies report that nursing students face persistent challenges in developing this competency. Traditional teaching methods and limited instructional time in nursing curricula often fail to provide the necessary conditions for fostering these skills. This quasi-experimental study investigated the effect of a flipped classroom combined with screen-based simulation on clinical judgment development.

Method

Seventy-nine second-year nursing students enrolled in an emergency care course were stratified by gender, academic performance, and baseline knowledge, then randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) traditional lecture (control), (2) flipped classroom, or (3) flipped classroom combined with screen-based simulation (FC + SBS). Clinical judgment was assessed using a Key Features exam (five scenarios, 30 items), developed in accordance with the NCSBN Clinical Judgment Measurement Model and the Lasater Clinical Judgment Rubric, and administered at both immediate and six-week delayed post-tests.

Results

Experimental groups demonstrated significantly higher clinical judgment scores than the control group (p < .001). At six weeks, the FC + SBS group showed the highest retention (M = 75.2%, SD = 5.7) compared to the flipped classroom group (M = 69.1%, SD = 6.5) and the control group (M = 61.4%, SD = 8.2; p < .001). While the trend favored the FC + SBS group over the flipped classroom group, post-hoc analysis did not reach statistical significance (p = .08). More students in the experimental groups reached the “Accomplished” level on the Lasater Clinical Judgment Rubric, consistent with the quantitative findings.

Conclusion

Integrating screen-based simulation into flipped classrooms appears to be effective in supporting clinical judgment development and promoting retention of decision-making skills in nursing education. Further studies are needed to confirm long-term effects and clarify the impact of flipped classroom and screen-based simulation in real patient care settings.
背景临床判断在护理教育中是必不可少的,特别是在急诊护理中。然而,一些研究报告说,护理专业的学生在发展这种能力方面面临着持续的挑战。传统的教学方法和护理课程中有限的教学时间往往不能为培养这些技能提供必要的条件。本准实验研究探讨了翻转课堂结合屏幕模拟对临床判断发展的影响。方法按性别、学习成绩和基础知识对79名急诊护理专业大二学生进行分层,随机分为3组:(1)传统课堂(对照组)、(2)翻转课堂和(3)翻转课堂结合屏幕模拟(FC + SBS)。临床判断采用关键特征测试(5个场景,30个项目)进行评估,该测试根据NCSBN临床判断测量模型和Lasater临床判断量表制定,并在即时和六周后的测试中进行。结果实验组患者临床判断评分显著高于对照组(p < .001)。在第6周,与翻转课堂组(M = 69.1%, SD = 6.5)和对照组(M = 61.4%, SD = 8.2; p < .001)相比,FC + SBS组表现出最高的保留率(M = 75.2%, SD = 5.7)。虽然趋势倾向于FC + SBS组比翻转课堂组,事后分析没有达到统计学意义(p = .08)。实验组中有更多的学生达到了Lasater临床判断标准的“完成”水平,与定量结果一致。结论将基于屏幕的模拟教学整合到翻转课堂中,可以有效地支持临床判断的发展,促进护理教育中决策技能的保留。需要进一步的研究来证实长期效果,并阐明翻转课堂和基于屏幕的模拟在真实患者护理环境中的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Challenging the narrative to reimagine health disparities research and education: Perspectives from international scholars 挑战叙事,重新构想健康差异研究和教育:来自国际学者的观点
IF 4.2 2区 医学 Q1 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2025.106971
Soo Hyun Kim , Celeste Chavez , Thomas Hinneh , Erh-Chi Hsu , Getachew Kassa , Sarah Won , Samuel Byiringiro
This paper, drawing on the experiences of international and US-based nursing scholars, critically reflects on health disparities research and education in the US. We call for the need to expand health disparities discourse beyond race and ethnicity to include other axes of disparity, such as gender and sexuality, socioeconomic conditions, rural-urban divides, and displacement due to conflict. Examples from Ethiopia, Ghana, South Korea, Taiwan, and Rwanda illustrate how geopolitical factors, infrastructure, and local cultural contexts shape health disparities. We also critique the practice of binary and hierarchical racial comparisons, aggregation of racial and ethnic categories, and use of a single explanatory framework, all of which obscure important nuances and limit the scope of nursing research and education. We advocate culturally respectful approaches that apply intersectional lenses to each local context of health disparities. This process requires collaboration across multiple sectors, including researchers, clinicians, and community partners from diverse settings, in reciprocal learning environments. Our reflections offer actionable strategies and modalities for rethinking health disparities education. Globally nuanced perspectives, the ones examining multiple axes of disparities through collaboration of diverse sectors and backgrounds, can enrich nursing education, deepen understanding of how social determinants of health intersect in each context, and better equip future nursing researchers and practitioners to design and implement equitable healthcare interventions tailored to the needs of diverse populations.
本文借鉴国际和美国护理学者的经验,批判性地反思了美国的健康差异研究和教育。我们呼吁有必要将健康差异的论述扩大到种族和民族之外,包括其他差异轴,如性别和性、社会经济条件、城乡差距和冲突造成的流离失所。来自埃塞俄比亚、加纳、韩国、台湾和卢旺达的例子说明了地缘政治因素、基础设施和当地文化背景如何影响健康差异。我们还批评了二元和分层种族比较的做法,种族和民族类别的聚集,以及使用单一的解释框架,所有这些都模糊了重要的细微差别,限制了护理研究和教育的范围。我们提倡尊重文化的方法,将交叉镜头应用于每个地方的健康差异。这一过程需要在互惠学习环境中跨多个部门进行协作,包括来自不同背景的研究人员、临床医生和社区合作伙伴。我们的反思为重新思考健康差异教育提供了可行的战略和模式。全球细致的视角,通过不同部门和背景的合作检查差异的多个轴,可以丰富护理教育,加深对健康的社会决定因素如何在每种情况下相交的理解,并更好地装备未来的护理研究人员和从业者设计和实施公平的医疗保健干预措施,以适应不同人群的需求。
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引用次数: 0
Efficacy of the Socialization, Externalization, Combination, and Internalization model in clinical nursing education: A systematic review and meta-analysis 社会化、外化、结合、内化模式在临床护理教育中的效果:系统回顾与荟萃分析
IF 4.2 2区 医学 Q1 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2026.106984
Kaihan Yang , Ke Zhou , Yujie Xie , Yile Li , Guifeng Wang , Sijia Ye , Dan Luo , Zhuyue Li
<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In recent years, the Socialization, Externalization, Combination, and Internalization (SECI) model has gained widespread application in clinical nursing courses across China. Despite its prevalence, a comprehensive and quantitative evaluation of its outcomes remains unaddressed.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To systematically assess the efficacy of the SECI model in Chinese clinical nursing education.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A stepwise method was used by searching four databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure [CNKI], Wanfang Database, Chinese Scientific Journals Database [VIP], and SinoMed) to retrieve published papers in Chinese examining the application of the SECI model in clinical nursing education. The time frame for the searches included all literature before March 31, 2025. The investigators independently completed study selection, data extraction, quality assessment and analysis of all included studies. Review Manager (RevMan, version 5.4) was used to analyze the data. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (Cochrane RoB 2) tool. The risk of bias assessment, meta-analysis, and heterogeneity testing were conducted using RevMan version 5.4 software. The 95% Prediction Intervals (<em>PIs</em>) were calculated with R software (version 4.3.1). The quality of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of five randomized controlled trials conducted in China were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, consisting of 340 participants (163 in the SECI model group and 177 in the control group). The meta-analysis revealed that the theoretical knowledge scores (<em>SMD</em> = 1.44, 95% <em>CI</em>: 0.80–2.08, <em>P</em> < 0.001; 95% <em>PI</em>: −0.02 − 2.90), skill scores (<em>SMD</em> = 2.88, 95% <em>CI</em>: 1.08–4.68, <em>P</em> = 0.002; 95% <em>PI</em>: −0.67 − 6.43), overall competence (<em>SMD</em> = 0.87, 95% <em>CI</em>: 0.63–1.12, <em>P</em> < 0.001; 95% <em>PI</em>: 0.41–1.34), professional commitment (<em>SMD</em> = 0.77, 95% <em>CI</em>: 0.40–1.13, <em>P</em> < 0.001), and teaching satisfaction (<em>SMD</em> = 2.61, 95% <em>CI</em>: 1.81–3.42, <em>P</em> < 0.001) were significantly higher in the SECI model group than in the control group. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the results of our meta-analysis were reliable. The evidence grades of the results regarding theoretical knowledge scores and overall competence were rated as low, while those for skill scores, professional commitment, and teaching satisfaction were rated as very low.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Based on low- to very-low-certainty evidence, the SECI model may improve students' theoretical knowledge scores, skill scores, overall competence, professional commitment, and teaching satisfaction compared with contro
近年来,社会化、外化、结合、内化(SECI)模式在中国临床护理课程中得到了广泛的应用。尽管它很普遍,但对其结果的全面和定量评价仍未得到解决。目的系统评价SECI模式在我国临床护理教育中的效果。方法通过检索中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据库(Wanfang Database)、中国科学期刊库(VIP)和中国医学信息网(SinoMed) 4个数据库,采用逐步法检索SECI模型在临床护理教育中应用的中文论文。搜索的时间范围包括2025年3月31日之前的所有文献。研究者独立完成所有纳入研究的研究选择、数据提取、质量评估和分析。使用Review Manager (RevMan, version 5.4)对数据进行分析。采用Cochrane风险偏倚2 (Cochrane RoB 2)工具评价纳入研究的方法学质量。采用RevMan version 5.4软件进行偏倚风险评估、meta分析和异质性检验。95%预测区间(pi)采用R软件(4.3.1版)计算。证据质量采用分级建议评估、发展和评价(GRADE)系统进行评价。结果在中国进行的5项随机对照试验共纳入系统评价和荟萃分析,共340名受试者(SECI模型组163名,对照组177名)。meta分析显示,理论知识得分(SMD = 1.44, 95% CI: 0.80-2.08, P < 0.001; 95% PI: - 0.02 - 2.90)、技能得分(SMD = 2.88, 95% CI: 1.08-4.68, P = 0.002; 95% PI: - 0.67 - 6.43)、综合能力得分(SMD = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.63-1.12, P < 0.001;95% PI: 0.41-1.34)、专业承诺(SMD = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.40-1.13, P < 0.001)、教学满意度(SMD = 2.61, 95% CI: 1.81-3.42, P < 0.001)均显著高于对照组。敏感性分析证实我们的meta分析结果是可靠的。理论知识得分和综合能力得分的证据等级较低,而技能得分、专业承诺和教学满意度的证据等级极低。结论基于低至极低确定性的证据,与未采用SECI框架的控制条件相比,SECI模型可以提高学生的理论知识分数、技能分数、整体能力、专业承诺和教学满意度。考虑到本综述中研究的局限性,需要在不同的教育背景下进行进一步的随机对照试验来验证这些发现。
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引用次数: 0
The use of digital gamification, extended reality, artificial intelligence, and integrated digital learning tools in palliative care education of undergraduate nurses: A systematic review 数字游戏化、扩展现实、人工智能和集成数字学习工具在本科护士姑息治疗教育中的应用:系统综述
IF 4.2 2区 医学 Q1 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2026.106982
Adam Graham , Minna Hökkä , Sari Pramila-Savukoski , Miina-Liisa Flinkkilä , Marco Tomietto , Kristina Mikkonen

Background

Nurses are at the forefront of providing palliative care, playing a critical role in ensuring high-quality support for patients and their families. Emerging digital and immersive technologies offer new opportunities to simulate complex palliative care scenarios, bridging the gap of limited clinical experiences and developing palliative care competence.

Objectives

To explore and analyse what type of interventions have been implemented within palliative care education of undergraduate nursing students using digital and immersive technologies. Secondary aims were exploring the experiences and effect on palliative care competence.

Design

A systematic review of mixed-methods interventional studies, based on Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was conducted across Ovid Medline, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and ERIC in March 2025. Eligible studies included empirical research on undergraduate nursing students using digital and immersive technologies to deliver palliative care education. Quality assessment followed JBI critical appraisal tools. Quantitative studies were analysed by Cohen d effect sizes and qualitative studies with content analysis.

Results

Six studies met the inclusion criteria and were published in 2023 or 2024. Interventions varied between use of immersive simulation and screen-based simulation. Quantitative findings indicated statistically significant improvements in palliative care attitudes, abilities and readiness for practice with effect size ranging from 0.40 (p = .01) to 1.13 (p < .001). Qualitative content analysis identified two main themes: clinical experience and digital learning experience.

Conclusions

Digital and immersive simulation holds significant promise in addressing gaps in undergraduate nursing palliative care competences. Research in this field is highly limited, with no use of artificial intelligence within simulations used in the reviewed research. Further high-quality, standardised, and longitudinal studies are essential to determine sustained impact and generalisability.
护士处于提供姑息治疗的最前沿,在确保为患者及其家属提供高质量支持方面发挥着关键作用。新兴的数字和沉浸式技术为模拟复杂的姑息治疗场景提供了新的机会,弥补了有限的临床经验和发展姑息治疗能力的差距。目的探讨和分析利用数字化和沉浸式技术在护理本科学生姑息治疗教育中实施了哪些干预措施。次要目的是探讨经验和影响姑息治疗能力。根据乔安娜布里格斯研究所的指导方针,对混合方法介入研究进行系统回顾。方法于2025年3月对Ovid Medline、CINAHL、Scopus、Web of Science、Cochrane Library和ERIC进行综合文献检索。符合条件的研究包括对本科护理学生使用数字和沉浸式技术提供姑息治疗教育的实证研究。质量评估遵循JBI关键评估工具。定量研究采用科恩效应量分析,定性研究采用内容分析。结果6项研究符合纳入标准,并于2023年或2024年发表。干预措施在使用沉浸式模拟和基于屏幕的模拟之间有所不同。定量研究结果表明,在姑息治疗态度、能力和实践准备方面有统计学意义的改善,效应值从0.40 (p = 0.01)到1.13 (p < 0.001)。定性内容分析确定了两个主要主题:临床经验和数字化学习经验。结论数字化和沉浸式模拟在解决大学生护理姑息治疗能力差距方面具有重要前景。这一领域的研究非常有限,在回顾的研究中没有使用人工智能进行模拟。进一步的高质量、标准化和纵向研究对于确定持续影响和普遍性至关重要。
{"title":"The use of digital gamification, extended reality, artificial intelligence, and integrated digital learning tools in palliative care education of undergraduate nurses: A systematic review","authors":"Adam Graham ,&nbsp;Minna Hökkä ,&nbsp;Sari Pramila-Savukoski ,&nbsp;Miina-Liisa Flinkkilä ,&nbsp;Marco Tomietto ,&nbsp;Kristina Mikkonen","doi":"10.1016/j.nedt.2026.106982","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nedt.2026.106982","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Nurses are at the forefront of providing palliative care, playing a critical role in ensuring high-quality support for patients and their families. Emerging digital and immersive technologies offer new opportunities to simulate complex palliative care scenarios, bridging the gap of limited clinical experiences and developing palliative care competence.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To explore and analyse what type of interventions have been implemented within palliative care education of undergraduate nursing students using digital and immersive technologies. Secondary aims were exploring the experiences and effect on palliative care competence.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A systematic review of mixed-methods interventional studies, based on Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A comprehensive literature search was conducted across Ovid Medline, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and ERIC in March 2025. Eligible studies included empirical research on undergraduate nursing students using digital and immersive technologies to deliver palliative care education. Quality assessment followed JBI critical appraisal tools. Quantitative studies were analysed by Cohen d effect sizes and qualitative studies with content analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Six studies met the inclusion criteria and were published in 2023 or 2024. Interventions varied between use of immersive simulation and screen-based simulation. Quantitative findings indicated statistically significant improvements in palliative care attitudes, abilities and readiness for practice with effect size ranging from 0.40 (<em>p</em> = .01) to 1.13 (<em>p</em> &lt; .001). Qualitative content analysis identified two main themes: clinical experience and digital learning experience.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Digital and immersive simulation holds significant promise in addressing gaps in undergraduate nursing palliative care competences. Research in this field is highly limited, with no use of artificial intelligence within simulations used in the reviewed research. Further high-quality, standardised, and longitudinal studies are essential to determine sustained impact and generalisability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54704,"journal":{"name":"Nurse Education Today","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 106982"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The impact of clinical learning environment on nursing interns' professional identity: The mediating role of belongingness 临床学习环境对护理实习生职业认同的影响:归属感的中介作用
IF 4.2 2区 医学 Q1 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2026.106974
Qian Yao , Jian Luo , Yu Ni , Chunxia He , Chuanying Huang , Ting Xu , Xiuchuan Li , Jimei Zhang

Background

According to social identity theory, nursing interns' professional identity is shaped by their belongingness, and the clinical learning environment significantly contributes to its development. However, the specific relationship among the clinical learning environment, belongingness, and professional identity remains unclear.

Objectives

This study aimed to explore the mediating role of belongingness in the relationship between the clinical learning environment and professional identity. Additionally, it provides a reference for nursing managers to refine and improve nursing interns' educational strategies.

Methods

A total of 304 nursing interns from three hospitals in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, were recruited between January and February 2025 through convenience sampling. Data were collected using a demographic and sociological questionnaire, the Clinical Learning Environment Scale, the Belongingness Scale, and the Professional Identity Scale. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Statistics (version 27.0) with independent-samples t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson correlations. The mediating effect of belongingness was analyzed using the SPSS Process macro (Model 4).

Results

The clinical learning environment was positively correlated with belongingness (r = 0.590, P < 0.001) and with professional identity (r = 0.537, P < 0.001). Additionally, the belongingness exhibited a positive correlation with professional identity (r = 0.779, P < 0.001). Bootstrap analysis confirmed that belongingness mediated the relationship between the clinical learning environment and professional identity among nursing interns (95 % CI = 0.177, 0.283), with an indirect effect value of 0.228 and a mediating effect accounting for 79.72 %.

Conclusion

The clinical learning environment significantly impacts the nursing interns' professional identity. The belongingness mediates the relationship between the clinical learning environment and professional identity. Therefore, nursing administrators and educators should prioritize optimizing the clinical learning environment, providing nursing interns with high-quality learning and teaching resources, and fostering a positive work atmosphere to effectively strengthen their belongingness and professional identity.
根据社会认同理论,护理实习生的职业认同是由归属感塑造的,临床学习环境对其发展有显著影响。然而,临床学习环境、归属感和职业认同之间的具体关系尚不清楚。目的探讨归属感在临床学习环境与职业认同关系中的中介作用。为护理管理者完善和完善护理实习生的教育策略提供参考。方法采用方便抽样的方法,于2025年1 - 2月从四川省成都市3家医院招募实习护士304名。使用人口统计学和社会学问卷、临床学习环境量表、归属感量表和职业认同量表收集数据。使用社会科学统计软件包(SPSS)统计(版本27.0)进行数据分析,采用独立样本t检验、单向方差分析和Pearson相关性。运用SPSS Process宏分析归属感的中介作用(模型4)。结果临床学习环境与归属感(r = 0.590, P < 0.001)、职业认同(r = 0.537, P < 0.001)呈正相关。归属感与职业认同呈显著正相关(r = 0.779, P < 0.001)。Bootstrap分析证实,归属感在护理实习生临床学习环境与职业认同的关系中起中介作用(95% CI = 0.177, 0.283),间接效应值为0.228,中介效应占79.72%。结论临床学习环境对护理实习生的职业认同有显著影响。归属感在临床学习环境与职业认同之间起中介作用。因此,护理管理者和教育工作者应优先优化临床学习环境,为护理实习生提供优质的学与教资源,营造积极向上的工作氛围,有效增强实习生的归属感和职业认同感。
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引用次数: 0
How do undergraduate nursing students choose to reflect? A descriptive online survey comparing preferences towards diverse methods of reflection 本科护生如何选择反思?一项描述性的在线调查,比较人们对不同反思方法的偏好
IF 4.2 2区 医学 Q1 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2026.106973
Caroline Browne , Helen Dugmore

Aim

The aim of this study was to explore how final semester undergraduate nursing students engage with reflective practice, by comparing their preferences towards digital storytelling or written reflections.

Background

Reflective practice is an essential component of professional nursing practice. Reflection is embedded as both a learning and an assessment tool in undergraduate nursing curriculum, however it may not come easily to some students. Digital storytelling was integrated into the final semester of a Bachelor of Nursing program, as an innovative way to engage students in reflective practice.

Design

A descriptive survey design was used in this study.

Methods

An online survey was used to explore nursing student experiences using both digital storytelling and written forms of reflection. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse student preferences, and content analysis was used to analyse open ended responses.

Results

A total of 147 responses were received across two cohorts (response rate of 24 %). Preferences were mixed between the two methods. Digital Storytelling provided an opportunity for students to share their stories with their peers leading to reflective learning, whilst written reflection provided an avenue to enhance clinical confidence and identify areas for development. Both methods had challenges including the timing of reflective activities within their units, expressing and sharing emotion, and working with technology and assessment restrictions to complete reflections.

Conclusion

Students need to be introduced to different methods of reflection throughout their undergraduate studies, so they can engage in reflective practices that work for them. Nursing educators need to recognise the importance of students sharing their stories to derive meaning from their experiences and transform their learning.
目的本研究的目的是通过比较护理本科学生对数字讲故事和书面反思的偏好,探讨他们如何参与反思实践。背景:反思实践是专业护理实践的重要组成部分。反思作为一种学习和评估工具嵌入到本科护理课程中,然而对一些学生来说可能并不容易。数字讲故事被整合到护理学士课程的最后一个学期,作为一种创新的方式,让学生参与反思实践。设计本研究采用描述性调查设计。方法采用在线调查的方式,通过数字叙事和书面反思两种形式来探讨护理学生的经历。描述性统计用于分析学生偏好,内容分析用于分析开放式回答。结果两个队列共收到147份应答(应答率为24%)。两种方法的偏好是混合的。数字故事为学生提供了一个与同龄人分享他们的故事的机会,从而导致反思学习,而书面反思提供了一个增强临床信心和确定发展领域的途径。这两种方法都面临挑战,包括在单位内进行反思活动的时间安排,表达和分享情感,以及利用技术和评估限制来完成反思。结论学生需要在整个本科学习过程中学习不同的反思方法,这样他们就可以从事对他们有用的反思实践。护理教育工作者需要认识到学生分享他们的故事的重要性,以便从他们的经历中获得意义并改变他们的学习。
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引用次数: 0
AI-enhanced virtual reality simulation for nursing students' empathy: Automated scoring and inter-rater reliability in a randomised controlled study 人工智能增强的虚拟现实模拟护理学生的同理心:随机对照研究中的自动评分和评分者之间的可靠性。
IF 4.2 2区 医学 Q1 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2025.106968
Pao-Ju Chen

Background

Empathy is a fundamental nursing competence that supports effective communication and high-quality care. In obstetric settings, the emotional intensity and unpredictability of childbirth place heightened demands on advanced empathic communication. Yet conventional teaching methods often lack immersion and interactivity, limiting students' capacity to respond empathically in high-pressure clinical situations.

Objective

To evaluate the effectiveness of the Virtual Reality Integrated Artificial Intelligence Empathic Communication Simulation (VR-AI-ECS) in enhancing nursing students' empathic communication, and to examine the concordance between AI-generated and educator ratings.

Methods

A randomised controlled mixed-methods design assigned students to an experimental group (VR-AI-ECS, n = 40) or a control group (360° video with standardised patient interaction, n = 40). The experimental group experienced first-person simulations incorporating AI-guided dialogue and real-time feedback. Empathic communication was measured at T0, T1, and T2 using the Empathic Communication Performance Rating Scale, evaluated by both AI and educators. Quantitative data were analysed using generalised estimating equations and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and qualitative insights were gathered from focus groups.

Results

The experimental group demonstrated significantly higher empathic communication scores at T1 (p < .001, Cohen's d = 0.96) and T2 (p = .010, Cohen's d = 0.60). AI and educator ratings were strongly correlated (ICC = 0.81). Students reported that dual perspectives and AI feedback enhanced their awareness and communication.

Conclusions

The VR-AI-ECS effectively enhances empathic communication and self-reflection among nursing students. AI-generated scoring shows strong alignment with expert judgement, supporting its application in scalable, standardised, and personalised empathy training.
背景:共情是一种基本的护理能力,它支持有效的沟通和高质量的护理。在产科环境中,分娩的情感强度和不可预测性提高了对高级共情沟通的要求。然而,传统的教学方法往往缺乏沉浸感和互动性,限制了学生在高压临床情况下的移情反应能力。目的:评价虚拟现实集成人工智能共情沟通模拟(VR-AI-ECS)在提高护生共情沟通方面的效果,并检验ai评分与教育者评分之间的一致性。方法:采用随机对照混合方法设计,将学生分配到实验组(VR-AI-ECS, n = 40)或对照组(360°视频与标准化患者互动,n = 40)。实验组体验了包含人工智能引导对话和实时反馈的第一人称模拟。共情沟通在T0, T1和T2使用共情沟通绩效评定量表进行测量,由人工智能和教育工作者进行评估。定量数据使用广义估计方程和类内相关系数(ICC)进行分析,并从焦点小组收集定性见解。结果:实验组在T1时共情沟通得分显著高于对照组(p)。结论:VR-AI-ECS能有效提高护生共情沟通和自我反思能力。人工智能生成的评分与专家判断高度一致,支持其在可扩展、标准化和个性化同理心训练中的应用。
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引用次数: 0
Learning to thrive in transcultural nursing education: A Constructivist Grounded Theory approach 学习在跨文化护理教育中茁壮成长:建构主义扎根理论方法
IF 4.2 2区 医学 Q1 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2025.106972
Lijie Xu , Shuqin Xiao , Jane Haines Alice , June Liu , Meihua Ji , Weiwen Wang

Background

Global nursing education increasingly emphasizes cross-cultural competence development through international exchanges. While existing research highlights that cross-cultural training enhances nursing students' language proficiency, clinical skills, and cultural awareness in the short term, less is known about their long-term professional and personal growth.

Objective

This study explored the growth trajectory of Chinese nursing students in Sino-U.S. exchange program, focusing on their experiences and transitions.

Design

A constructivist grounded theory approach was employed.

Setting

This study examined Chinese nursing students who completed a one-year, three-semester program at a U.S. nursing school during their junior year.

Participants

From October to December 2024, 15 Chinese nursing students were recruited using purposive and theoretical sampling methods. Eligible participants had completed a one-year Sino-U.S. nursing exchange program during their junior year (program period: 2015–2024), with the length of time since program completion ranging from 1 to 8 years (mean ± standard deviation: 5.47 ± 2.23 years).

Methods

Semi-structured interviews were conducted via Zoom, exploring participants' growth trajectories. Data analysis followed constructivist grounded theory, using constant comparison to progress from initial to theoretical coding, identifying core concepts.

Results

Fifteen participants were included in the study. Analysis of the interview data generated four theoretical codes: (1) Self-Awaking, (2) Self-Responsibility, (3) Self-Empowerment, and (4) Self-Expansion—along with ten focused codes. These codes collectively formed the 4S Spiral Growth Model (4S-SGM) within the context of transcultural nursing education.

Conclusion

This study employed Constructivist Grounded Theory to examine nursing students' personal growth after studying abroad. It introduces a novel model illustrating the impact of international exchange on their development. The findings offer practical insights for improving exchange programs and provide empirical support for fostering globally competent nursing professionals.
全球护理教育越来越强调通过国际交流培养跨文化能力。虽然现有研究强调跨文化培训在短期内可以提高护理学生的语言能力、临床技能和文化意识,但对其长期的专业和个人成长知之甚少。目的探讨中国护生赴美留学的成长轨迹。交流项目,重点关注他们的经历和转变。设计采用了建构主义扎根理论方法。本研究调查了在大三期间在美国护理学校完成一年三个学期课程的中国护理学生。研究对象采用目的抽样和理论抽样的方法,于2024年10月至12月招募15名中国护理专业学生。符合条件的参与者完成了为期一年的中美合作项目。大三护理交流项目(项目期限:2015-2024年),项目完成时间1 - 8年(平均±标准差:5.47±2.23年)。方法通过Zoom进行半结构化访谈,探索参与者的成长轨迹。数据分析遵循建构主义的基础理论,通过不断的比较,从初始编码到理论编码,确定核心概念。结果共纳入15名受试者。对访谈数据的分析产生了四个理论代码:(1)自我觉醒,(2)自我责任,(3)自我授权,(4)自我扩展,以及十个重点代码。这些代码共同构成了跨文化护理教育背景下的4S螺旋增长模型(4S- sgm)。结论本研究运用建构主义扎根理论考察护生留学后的个人成长。它介绍了一个新的模型来说明国际交流对他们发展的影响。研究结果为完善交流项目提供了实践见解,并为培养具有全球竞争力的护理专业人才提供了实证支持。
{"title":"Learning to thrive in transcultural nursing education: A Constructivist Grounded Theory approach","authors":"Lijie Xu ,&nbsp;Shuqin Xiao ,&nbsp;Jane Haines Alice ,&nbsp;June Liu ,&nbsp;Meihua Ji ,&nbsp;Weiwen Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.nedt.2025.106972","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nedt.2025.106972","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Global nursing education increasingly emphasizes cross-cultural competence development through international exchanges. While existing research highlights that cross-cultural training enhances nursing students' language proficiency, clinical skills, and cultural awareness in the short term, less is known about their long-term professional and personal growth.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study explored the growth trajectory of Chinese nursing students in Sino-U.S. exchange program, focusing on their experiences and transitions.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A constructivist grounded theory approach was employed.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>This study examined Chinese nursing students who completed a one-year, three-semester program at a U.S. nursing school during their junior year.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>From October to December 2024, 15 Chinese nursing students were recruited using purposive and theoretical sampling methods. Eligible participants had completed a one-year Sino-U.S. nursing exchange program during their junior year (program period: 2015–2024), with the length of time since program completion ranging from 1 to 8 years (mean ± standard deviation: 5.47 ± 2.23 years).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Semi-structured interviews were conducted via Zoom, exploring participants' growth trajectories. Data analysis followed constructivist grounded theory, using constant comparison to progress from initial to theoretical coding, identifying core concepts.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Fifteen participants were included in the study. Analysis of the interview data generated four theoretical codes: (1) Self-Awaking, (2) Self-Responsibility, (3) Self-Empowerment, and (4) Self-Expansion—along with ten focused codes. These codes collectively formed the 4S Spiral Growth Model (4S-SGM) within the context of transcultural nursing education.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study employed Constructivist Grounded Theory to examine nursing students' personal growth after studying abroad. It introduces a novel model illustrating the impact of international exchange on their development. The findings offer practical insights for improving exchange programs and provide empirical support for fostering globally competent nursing professionals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54704,"journal":{"name":"Nurse Education Today","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 106972"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145915310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exploring the development of non-technical skills in pre-registration nursing students: A qualitative descriptive study 预注册护生非技术技能发展之探讨:一项质性描述性研究。
IF 4.2 2区 医学 Q1 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2026-01-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2025.106969
Ying Sun

Background

Non-technical skills, such as communication, teamwork, empathy, and emotional intelligence are critical for safe and effective nursing practice. While current nursing education tends to emphasize technical skills, the nuanced development of non-technical skills—particularly how they are shaped by personal experiences, low-fidelity simulation, and their interplay with technical skills—remains underexplored.

Aim

To explore pre-registration nursing students' experiences in developing and applying non-technical skills within clinical and educational contexts.

Design

A qualitative descriptive study.

Setting

A large Australian university offering pre-registration nursing programmes.

Participants

Eight pre-registration nursing students (Bachelor and Master levels) with clinical placement experience.

Methodology

Data were collected through two focus groups (one face-to-face, one virtual) using a semi-structured interview guide. Reflexive thematic analysis was applied to identify patterns in non-technical skills development.

Results

Three key insights emerged: (1) Personal life experiences—including prior healthcare roles, volunteering, and non-clinical work—significantly shape how students understand and apply non-technical skills, suggesting a valuable but underrecognized learning pathway; (2) Low-fidelity simulations, while accessible, provide limited opportunities for developing the emotional and interpersonal dimensions of non-technical skills, raising concerns about their educational efficacy; (3) non-technical skills are not separate from technical skills but actively support their application, with strong communication and emotional regulation skills enhancing the effectiveness and safety of technical procedures.

Conclusion

Nursing education should intentionally integrate students' lived experiences into the development of NTS, explicitly teach emotional intelligence as a core component of non-technical competency, and design simulations that foster emotional realism. Recognising the interdependence between NTS and TS will better prepare students for the emotional and relational complexity of real-world nursing practice, ultimately enhancing resilience, adaptability, and humanistic care.
背景:非技术技能,如沟通、团队合作、同理心和情商对安全有效的护理实践至关重要。虽然目前的护理教育倾向于强调技术技能,但非技术技能的细微发展——特别是它们如何被个人经验、低保真度模拟以及它们与技术技能的相互作用所塑造——仍未得到充分探索。目的:探讨注册前护生在临床和教育环境中发展和应用非技术技能的经验。设计:定性描述性研究。环境:澳大利亚一所提供预注册护理课程的大型大学。参与者:8名有临床实习经验的预注册护理学生(学士和硕士水平)。方法:采用半结构化访谈指南,通过两个焦点小组(一个面对面,一个虚拟)收集数据。运用反身性专题分析来确定非技术技能发展的模式。结果表明:(1)个人生活经历(包括先前的医疗保健角色、志愿服务和非临床工作)显著影响了学生对非技术技能的理解和应用,表明了一条有价值但未被充分认识的学习途径;(2)低保真模拟虽然可以获得,但为发展非技术技能的情感和人际关系维度提供了有限的机会,引起了对其教育功效的担忧;(3)非技术技能不与技术技能分离,而是积极支持技术技能的应用,较强的沟通和情绪调节技能增强了技术程序的有效性和安全性。结论:护理教育应有意识地将学生的生活经历融入到NTS的发展中,明确地将情商作为非技术能力的核心组成部分,并设计模拟来培养情感现实性。认识到NTS和TS之间的相互依存关系,将使学生更好地为现实世界护理实践的情感和关系复杂性做好准备,最终增强弹性、适应性和人文关怀。
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引用次数: 0
Reclaiming nursing theory in the global south: Toward a contextually relevant framework 在全球南方复兴护理理论:走向一个与环境相关的框架
IF 4.2 2区 医学 Q1 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2025.106970
Tania de Villiers, Una Kyriacos

Background

This paper extends the North–South dialogue on nursing theory, not by lamenting its underdevelopment in the South but by interrogating the dominance of Eurocentric nursing theory in the Global South. Nurse theorists in the Global North (Euro-North America) espouse the link between nursing theory, professionalization and scholarship as foundational to advancing practice, education, and research. From a Global South perspective, these ideations are context reliant and should be viewed through a multicultural lens. The importation of Eurocentric nursing theories that are not aligned to local cultural and nursing values raises ethical issues about patients' right to acceptable care. Despite critique of Eurocentric theories, there is a notable absence in most Global South countries of locally developed alternatives grounded in indigenous knowledge systems and cultural contexts.

Problem

The dearth of publications about the use of nursing theories in four selected countries in the Global South implies that nursing in these regions is largely atheoretical. Atheoretical nursing practice is not guided by a specific conceptual framework and may therefore be considered to be lacking in professionalization and scholarship. This characterization of nursing limits a cohesive, evidence-based team approach to measuring patient outcomes which has implications for patient safety and quality of care.

Aim

This paper interrogates the dominance of Eurocentric nursing theories in the Global South and examines how culturally grounded frameworks can reclaim nursing science through locally meaningful models such as Ubuntu Nursology. Using four emerging economies (China, Brazil, India and South Africa) as case examples, we highlight disparities in theory development and propose that Advanced Practice Nurses (APNs) can catalyze contextually relevant theorizing in education, research, and practice.
本文扩展了护理理论的南北对话,不是哀叹其在南方的不发达,而是通过质疑以欧洲为中心的护理理论在全球南方的主导地位。全球北方(欧洲-北美)的护理理论家支持护理理论、专业化和学术之间的联系,作为推进实践、教育和研究的基础。从全球南方的角度来看,这些想法依赖于环境,应该通过多元文化的视角来看待。以欧洲为中心的护理理论的输入与当地文化和护理价值观不一致,引发了关于患者接受可接受护理权利的伦理问题。尽管对欧洲中心理论提出了批评,但在大多数全球南方国家,明显缺乏基于本土知识体系和文化背景的当地发展的替代方案。问题:在四个选定的全球南方国家中,缺乏关于护理理论应用的出版物,这意味着这些地区的护理在很大程度上是理论性的。理论护理实践没有特定的概念框架指导,因此可能被认为缺乏专业化和学术性。护理的这种特征限制了一个有凝聚力的,以证据为基础的团队方法来衡量病人的结果,这对病人的安全和护理质量有影响。本文探讨了以欧洲为中心的护理理论在全球南方的主导地位,并研究了文化基础框架如何通过有当地意义的模型(如Ubuntu Nursology)来回收护理科学。以四个新兴经济体(中国、巴西、印度和南非)为例,我们强调了理论发展的差异,并提出高级执业护士(apn)可以促进教育、研究和实践中的相关理论。
{"title":"Reclaiming nursing theory in the global south: Toward a contextually relevant framework","authors":"Tania de Villiers,&nbsp;Una Kyriacos","doi":"10.1016/j.nedt.2025.106970","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nedt.2025.106970","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This paper extends the North–South dialogue on nursing theory, not by lamenting its underdevelopment in the South but by interrogating the dominance of Eurocentric nursing theory in the Global South. Nurse theorists in the Global North (Euro-North America) espouse the link between nursing theory, professionalization and scholarship as foundational to advancing practice, education, and research. From a Global South perspective, these ideations are context reliant and should be viewed through a multicultural lens. The importation of Eurocentric nursing theories that are not aligned to local cultural and nursing values raises ethical issues about patients' right to acceptable care. Despite critique of Eurocentric theories, there is a notable absence in most Global South countries of locally developed alternatives grounded in indigenous knowledge systems and cultural contexts.</div></div><div><h3>Problem</h3><div>The dearth of publications about the use of nursing theories in four selected countries in the Global South implies that nursing in these regions is largely atheoretical. Atheoretical nursing practice is not guided by a specific conceptual framework and may therefore be considered to be lacking in professionalization and scholarship. This characterization of nursing limits a cohesive, evidence-based team approach to measuring patient outcomes which has implications for patient safety and quality of care.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This paper interrogates the dominance of Eurocentric nursing theories in the Global South and examines how culturally grounded frameworks can reclaim nursing science through locally meaningful models such as <em>Ubuntu</em> Nursology. Using four emerging economies (China, Brazil, India and South Africa) as case examples, we highlight disparities in theory development and propose that Advanced Practice Nurses (APNs) can catalyze contextually relevant theorizing in education, research, and practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54704,"journal":{"name":"Nurse Education Today","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 106970"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Nurse Education Today
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