Landscape and Urban Planning最新文献_第2页

Optimizing green space-building landscape characteristics of key urban functional zones for comprehensive thermal environment mitigation

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105314

Zhifeng Wu , Ying Wang , Yin Ren

The Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect has garnered significant attention due to its detrimental effects, such as increased near-surface temperatures, reduced resident comfort, heat-related illnesses, and damage to urban ecosystems. While strategies including expanding green spaces, optimizing building layouts, adjusting vegetation, and using high-albedo materials are known to mitigate urban thermal conditions, a targeted, comprehensive approach to urban thermal management remains elusive. Our study addresses this gap by introducing a socio-economically driven method to segment the urban landscape into Urban Functional Zones, identifying and prioritizing zones with the most substantial thermal impact for enhancement. We stratify target zones into those requiring no adjustment, temporary non-adjustment, and those needing adjustment, based on the statistical distribution of land surface temperatures. We then employ landscape indices that encapsulate the spatial arrangement of green spaces and built environments, pinpointing specific structural elements within these zones for targeted thermal improvement. Adjustments are made to the building-green space landscape, focusing on high-temperature areas with the aim of aligning temperatures with low-temperature regions, guided by the identified structural elements indicated by landscape indices. Our research presents a clear, actionable framework for urban managers to improve thermal conditions, applicable to various cities requiring such interventions.

{"title":"Optimizing green space-building landscape characteristics of key urban functional zones for comprehensive thermal environment mitigation","authors":"Zhifeng Wu , Ying Wang , Yin Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105314","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105314","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect has garnered significant attention due to its detrimental effects, such as increased near-surface temperatures, reduced resident comfort, heat-related illnesses, and damage to urban ecosystems. While strategies including expanding green spaces, optimizing building layouts, adjusting vegetation, and using high-albedo materials are known to mitigate urban thermal conditions, a targeted, comprehensive approach to urban thermal management remains elusive. Our study addresses this gap by introducing a socio-economically driven method to segment the urban landscape into Urban Functional Zones, identifying and prioritizing zones with the most substantial thermal impact for enhancement. We stratify target zones into those requiring no adjustment, temporary non-adjustment, and those needing adjustment, based on the statistical distribution of land surface temperatures. We then employ landscape indices that encapsulate the spatial arrangement of green spaces and built environments, pinpointing specific structural elements within these zones for targeted thermal improvement. Adjustments are made to the building-green space landscape, focusing on high-temperature areas with the aim of aligning temperatures with low-temperature regions, guided by the identified structural elements indicated by landscape indices. Our research presents a clear, actionable framework for urban managers to improve thermal conditions, applicable to various cities requiring such interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 105314"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143072671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing accessibility and crowding in urban green spaces: A comparative study of approaches

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105301

Barbara Czesak , Renata Różycka-Czas

Urban green spaces (UGS) are pivotal elements of the structure of urbanised areas, important for the well-being of the city inhabitants. Therefore, it is necessary to provide tools for determining the accessibility and crowdedness of the UGS. To this end, we assess how much space there is for potential UGS users in individual green spaces. It is pilot quantitative study limited to an area of one city, showing the crowdedness of UGS in two approaches. In both approaches, we assume an extreme event observed in the time of pandemic that all people in the accessible distance visit a UGS at the same time. In the approaches, we have combined parameters from literature and the idea that analysing UGS accessibility could be size sensitive to come up with methods for assessing residents’ accessibility to green spaces with spatial analysis. Our study shows the variability of UGS accessibility throughout the city. The results indicate that to identify areas in cities with insufficient UGS, analyses using the commonly referenced 300-meter accessibility measure may be sufficient. However, for a more comprehensive assessment of UGS accessibility, it is necessary to conduct studies that are sensitive to UGS size and factor in the estimated population within it. The study tackles the UGS accessibility problems in a novel way of comparing two popular approaches and providing practical insights. The approaches may be useful for spatial planning practices to show the differences in local UGS accessibility and delimit areas with lower UGS accessibility. The findings may support the municipality in the practical task of monitoring the crowding of UGS in the city and facilitate decision making in the new UGS site selection process.

{"title":"Assessing accessibility and crowding in urban green spaces: A comparative study of approaches","authors":"Barbara Czesak , Renata Różycka-Czas","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban green spaces (UGS) are pivotal elements of the structure of urbanised areas, important for the well-being of the city inhabitants. Therefore, it is necessary to provide tools for determining the accessibility and crowdedness of the UGS. To this end, we assess how much space there is for potential UGS users in individual green spaces. It is pilot quantitative study limited to an area of one city, showing the crowdedness of UGS in two approaches. In both approaches, we assume an extreme event observed in the time of pandemic that all people in the accessible distance visit a UGS at the same time. In the approaches, we have combined parameters from literature and the idea that analysing UGS accessibility could be size sensitive to come up with methods for assessing residents’ accessibility to green spaces with spatial analysis. Our study shows the variability of UGS accessibility throughout the city. The results indicate that to identify areas in cities with insufficient UGS, analyses using the commonly referenced 300-meter accessibility measure may be sufficient. However, for a more comprehensive assessment of UGS accessibility, it is necessary to conduct studies that are sensitive to UGS size and factor in the estimated population within it. The study tackles the UGS accessibility problems in a novel way of comparing two popular approaches and providing practical insights. The approaches may be useful for spatial planning practices to show the differences in local UGS accessibility and delimit areas with lower UGS accessibility. The findings may support the municipality in the practical task of monitoring the crowding of UGS in the city and facilitate decision making in the new UGS site selection process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 105301"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143027274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Planning for transformative change with nature-based solutions: A geodesign application in Stockholm

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105303

Blal Adem Esmail , Chiara Cortinovis , Sigvard Bast , Carl C. Anderson , Lina Suleiman , Gustavo Arciniegas , Davide Geneletti , Ulla Mörtberg , Christian Albert

Advancing towards urban futures in which both human communities and ecosystems can thrive requires transformative change (TC). Spatial planning can serve as a backbone for inspiring and fostering the desired transformation of cities. However, to support this transformation, the challenge for spatial planning is to create unconventional plans that account for the complex trade-offs and interactions of different scenarios through participatory procedures. A promising approach for addressing this challenge is geodesign, since it couples spatial co-design with impact simulations. This paper aims to explore how, and with what effects, a geodesign process can support the co-creation of transformative urban plans that enhance biodiversity and ecosystem services while meeting urban development goals. A geodesign process was developed and deployed for a case study neighborhood in Stockholm, Sweden. Two scenario storylines were developed: one that follows the current city plan, and another one where the most transformative elements of the plan are further emphasized. Fourteen planning stakeholders divided into three groups translated the storylines into actual land use changes and explored the impacts of the two scenarios. The study findings indicate that the geodesign process enabled participants to develop transformative plans that address housing needs while also promoting biodiversity and ecosystem services through nature-based solutions. Participants showed high perceived desirability of TC scenarios in Skarpnäck but were mostly sceptical regarding the plausibility and probability of future implementation. Changes in perceived plausibility, desirability and probability comparing before and after the geodesign process were minor, with some inter-group variation. We recommend practical applications of geodesign to strategically involve key stakeholders throughout study conceptualization, scenario development, and model generation for better consideration of context. Enhancing geodesign tools for user-friendliness is also crucial. We suggest geodesign research to focus more on understanding its impacts on participants as well as scaling up for addressing complex challenges in metropolitan and landscape planning.

{"title":"Planning for transformative change with nature-based solutions: A geodesign application in Stockholm","authors":"Blal Adem Esmail , Chiara Cortinovis , Sigvard Bast , Carl C. Anderson , Lina Suleiman , Gustavo Arciniegas , Davide Geneletti , Ulla Mörtberg , Christian Albert","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Advancing towards urban futures in which both human communities and ecosystems can thrive requires transformative change (TC). Spatial planning can serve as a backbone for inspiring and fostering the desired transformation of cities. However, to support this transformation, the challenge for spatial planning is to create unconventional plans that account for the complex trade-offs and interactions of different scenarios through participatory procedures. A promising approach for addressing this challenge is geodesign, since it couples spatial co-design with impact simulations. This paper aims to explore how, and with what effects, a geodesign process can support the co-creation of transformative urban plans that enhance biodiversity and ecosystem services while meeting urban development goals. A geodesign process was developed and deployed for a case study neighborhood in Stockholm, Sweden. Two scenario storylines were developed: one that follows the current city plan, and another one where the most transformative elements of the plan are further emphasized. Fourteen planning stakeholders divided into three groups translated the storylines into actual land use changes and explored the impacts of the two scenarios. The study findings indicate that the geodesign process enabled participants to develop transformative plans that address housing needs while also promoting biodiversity and ecosystem services through nature-based solutions. Participants showed high perceived desirability of TC scenarios in Skarpnäck but were mostly sceptical regarding the plausibility and probability of future implementation. Changes in perceived plausibility, desirability and probability comparing before and after the geodesign process were minor, with some inter-group variation. We recommend practical applications of geodesign to strategically involve key stakeholders throughout study conceptualization, scenario development, and model generation for better consideration of context. Enhancing geodesign tools for user-friendliness is also crucial. We suggest geodesign research to focus more on understanding its impacts on participants as well as scaling up for addressing complex challenges in metropolitan and landscape planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 105303"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143027359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Greening the city: An analysis of socio-spatial disparities through urban gardening practices in Lille and Lyon (France)

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105298

Amélie DESCHAMPS

Over the past three decades, urban gardening initiatives have proliferated in cities. The community garden has emerged as a global model for participatory urban greening. To date, few studies have engaged on greening licenses. These schemes have emerged in French cities along community gardens to green the interstices of urban space, such as the feet of trees or holes in pavements. The role of urban gardening in reducing urban environmental injustice is debated in the literature. The cities of Lille and Lyon (France) were selected for study to investigate the geographical distribution of participatory greening initiatives according to the socio-economic profile of neighbourhoods. By comparing the location of community gardens and greening licenses, the role of institutional and associative frameworks in making these schemes accessible to the population was highlighted. A mixed methodology combining statistical and cartographic analysis with qualitative fieldwork was employed. The findings suggest an uneven distribution of greening initiatives in the two cities. The concentration of greening licenses in neighbourhoods with higher average incomes than those hosting community gardens highlights the barriers to participation faced by the most disadvantaged sections of the population. However, the concentration of community gardens managed by charities in these neighbourhoods emphasises the fact that one of the conditions for environmental justice is to support initiatives in working-class neighbourhoods with specific policies. Our results provide useful insights for policymakers on the types of support that should be implemented to ensure that participatory greening initiatives benefit as many people as possible and do not perpetuate urban social and environmental injustice.

{"title":"Greening the city: An analysis of socio-spatial disparities through urban gardening practices in Lille and Lyon (France)","authors":"Amélie DESCHAMPS","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over the past three decades, urban gardening initiatives have proliferated in cities. The community garden has emerged as a global model for participatory urban greening. To date, few studies have engaged on greening licenses. These schemes have emerged in French cities along community gardens to green the interstices of urban space, such as the feet of trees or holes in pavements. The role of urban gardening in reducing urban environmental injustice is debated in the literature. The cities of Lille and Lyon (France) were selected for study to investigate the geographical distribution of participatory greening initiatives according to the socio-economic profile of neighbourhoods. By comparing the location of community gardens and greening licenses, the role of institutional and associative frameworks in making these schemes accessible to the population was highlighted. A mixed methodology combining statistical and cartographic analysis with qualitative fieldwork was employed. The findings suggest an uneven distribution of greening initiatives in the two cities. The concentration of greening licenses in neighbourhoods with higher average incomes than those hosting community gardens highlights the barriers to participation faced by the most disadvantaged sections of the population. However, the concentration of community gardens managed by charities in these neighbourhoods emphasises the fact that one of the conditions for environmental justice is to support initiatives in working-class neighbourhoods with specific policies. Our results provide useful insights for policymakers on the types of support that should be implemented to ensure that participatory greening initiatives benefit as many people as possible and do not perpetuate urban social and environmental injustice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 105298"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143027295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Monitoring sustainability of urban agriculture: Who is going to do it and how? 监测都市农业的可持续性：谁来做，怎么做？

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2025-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105300

Sebastian Eiter , Wendy Fjellstad , Loes Van Schaik

Urban agriculture is often considered a tool to increase the economic, social and environmental sustainability of cities and city food systems. However, sustainability is difficult to measure, resulting in debate about how sustainable urban agriculture truly is. There is therefore a lack of incentive to promote urban agriculture or protect existing initiatives that are threatened by development pressure on urban land. Monitoring the sustainability impact of urban agriculture could provide evidence and enable politicians and decision makers to make informed decisions about whether and where to prioritise different forms of urban agriculture above competing interests.

We used case examples from five European cities to identify the challenges involved in monitoring urban agriculture, from selecting indicators and gathering data, to using the results. We found large differences in approach in terms of what topics to monitor and who was responsible, who gathered the data and when, what data was recorded and how they were stored, and how findings were disseminated or published. Based on these experiences, we recommend stronger involvement of existing interest groups and educational institutions in monitoring urban agriculture, and promotion of convenient tools for data collection by citizen science and for long-term data storage.

城市农业通常被认为是提高城市和城市粮食系统的经济、社会和环境可持续性的工具。然而，可持续性很难衡量，这导致了关于城市农业真正可持续程度的争论。因此，缺乏促进都市农业或保护受到城市土地发展压力威胁的现有倡议的动力。监测城市农业的可持续性影响可以提供证据，使政治家和决策者能够做出明智的决定，决定是否以及在哪里优先考虑不同形式的城市农业，而不是相互竞争的利益。

{"title":"Monitoring sustainability of urban agriculture: Who is going to do it and how?","authors":"Sebastian Eiter , Wendy Fjellstad , Loes Van Schaik","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban agriculture is often considered a tool to increase the economic, social and environmental sustainability of cities and city food systems. However, sustainability is difficult to measure, resulting in debate about how sustainable urban agriculture truly is. There is therefore a lack of incentive to promote urban agriculture or protect existing initiatives that are threatened by development pressure on urban land. Monitoring the sustainability impact of urban agriculture could provide evidence and enable politicians and decision makers to make informed decisions about whether and where to prioritise different forms of urban agriculture above competing interests.</div><div>We used case examples from five European cities to identify the challenges involved in monitoring urban agriculture, from selecting indicators and gathering data, to using the results. We found large differences in approach in terms of what topics to monitor and who was responsible, who gathered the data and when, what data was recorded and how they were stored, and how findings were disseminated or published. Based on these experiences, we recommend stronger involvement of existing interest groups and educational institutions in monitoring urban agriculture, and promotion of convenient tools for data collection by citizen science and for long-term data storage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 105300"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142989766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of urbanisation, habitat characteristics, and management on garden pond biodiversity: Findings from a large-scale citizen science survey 城市化、生境特征和管理对园林池塘生物多样性的影响：来自大规模公民科学调查的结果

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105299

Zsuzsanna MÁRTON , Barbara BARTA , Csaba F. VAD , Beáta SZABÓ , Andrew J. HAMER , Vivien KARDOS , Csilla LASKAI , Ádám FIERPASZ , Zsófia HORVÁTH

The rapid expansion of urban areas often leads to degradation, fragmentation, and loss of natural habitats, threatening biodiversity. While urban ponds might contribute substantially to the biodiversity of urban blue-green infrastructure, the role of garden ponds is still largely unknown. We lack a comprehensive understanding of how local habitat features, different forms of management, and urbanisation might impact the biodiversity of these habitats. This study aimed to reveal the importance of garden ponds via a country-wide online citizen science survey in Hungary, Central Europe. Data from over 800 pond owners revealed the occurrence and local frequency of various native animal taxa (amphibians, odonates, and birds), and introduced animals (e.g., fish). We collected data about pond features and management practices. We tested the effects of pond features, pond management, and landscape-level drivers (urbanisation, surrounding wetland coverage) on the presence of conspicuous animal taxa (adult amphibians and tadpoles, birds, odonates) to identify the potential drivers of the biodiversity of garden ponds. Key pond features including pond age, area, aquatic and shoreline vegetation were the most important factors, while algaecide addition was the most influential management practice negatively affecting amphibian presence. Urbanisation negatively affected the presence of adult amphibians and their tadpoles, but it was not associated negatively with the presence of odonates and birds. Our results indicate the high potential to utilise garden ponds as urban habitats surveyed with the help of the public. Developing effective urban biodiversity monitoring and conservation strategies are necessary for a better functioning blue-green infrastructure. The high level of engagement of pond owners, as in our survey, can create valuable data for achieving these aims.

城市地区的迅速扩张往往导致自然栖息地的退化、破碎化和丧失，威胁到生物多样性。虽然城市池塘可能对城市蓝绿色基础设施的生物多样性做出了重大贡献，但花园池塘的作用在很大程度上仍然未知。我们对当地栖息地的特征、不同形式的管理和城市化如何影响这些栖息地的生物多样性缺乏全面的了解。本研究旨在通过中欧匈牙利全国范围的在线公民科学调查揭示花园池塘的重要性。来自800多个池塘所有者的数据揭示了各种本地动物分类群（两栖动物、齿形动物和鸟类）和引进动物（如鱼类）的发生和本地频率。我们收集了有关池塘特征和管理措施的数据。我们测试了池塘特征、池塘管理和景观水平驱动因素（城市化、周围湿地覆盖）对显眼动物类群（成年两栖动物和蝌蚪、鸟类、齿形动物）存在的影响，以确定花园池塘生物多样性的潜在驱动因素。塘龄、面积、水生植被和岸线植被是影响水塘主要特征的最重要因素，而除藻剂的添加是影响水塘两栖动物存在的最主要管理措施。城市化对成年两栖动物及其蝌蚪的存在产生负面影响，但与齿形动物和鸟类的存在没有负相关。我们的研究结果表明，在公众的帮助下，花园池塘作为城市栖息地的潜力很大。制定有效的城市生物多样性监测和保护战略对于更好地发挥蓝绿基础设施的作用是必要的。在我们的调查中，池塘所有者的高参与度可以为实现这些目标创造有价值的数据。

{"title":"Effects of urbanisation, habitat characteristics, and management on garden pond biodiversity: Findings from a large-scale citizen science survey","authors":"Zsuzsanna MÁRTON , Barbara BARTA , Csaba F. VAD , Beáta SZABÓ , Andrew J. HAMER , Vivien KARDOS , Csilla LASKAI , Ádám FIERPASZ , Zsófia HORVÁTH","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid expansion of urban areas often leads to degradation, fragmentation, and loss of natural habitats, threatening biodiversity. While urban ponds might contribute substantially to the biodiversity of urban blue-green infrastructure, the role of garden ponds is still largely unknown. We lack a comprehensive understanding of how local habitat features, different forms of management, and urbanisation might impact the biodiversity of these habitats. This study aimed to reveal the importance of garden ponds via a country-wide online citizen science survey in Hungary, Central Europe. Data from over 800 pond owners revealed the occurrence and local frequency of various native animal taxa (amphibians, odonates, and birds), and introduced animals (e.g., fish). We collected data about pond features and management practices. We tested the effects of pond features, pond management, and landscape-level drivers (urbanisation, surrounding wetland coverage) on the presence of conspicuous animal taxa (adult amphibians and tadpoles, birds, odonates) to identify the potential drivers of the biodiversity of garden ponds. Key pond features including pond age, area, aquatic and shoreline vegetation were the most important factors, while algaecide addition was the most influential management practice negatively affecting amphibian presence. Urbanisation negatively affected the presence of adult amphibians and their tadpoles, but it was not associated negatively with the presence of odonates and birds. Our results indicate the high potential to utilise garden ponds as urban habitats surveyed with the help of the public. Developing effective urban biodiversity monitoring and conservation strategies are necessary for a better functioning blue-green infrastructure. The high level of engagement of pond owners, as in our survey, can create valuable data for achieving these aims.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 105299"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142988275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spatially-optimized greenspace for more effective urban heat mitigation: Insights from regional cooling heterogeneity via explainable machine learning 空间优化绿地，更有效地减缓城市热量：通过可解释的机器学习洞察区域降温异质性

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105296

Shuliang Ren , Zhou Huang , Ganmin Yin , Xiaoqin Yan , Quanhua Dong , Junnan Qi , Jiangpeng Zheng , Yi Bao , Shiyi Zhang

Urban greenspaces (UGS) are increasingly recognised as crucial for mitigating urban heat exposure in advancing sustainable development goals. However, limited understanding of spatial heterogeneity in cooling effects hinders optimizing UGS benefits. Moreover, most studies focus solely on relationship exploration, lacking comprehensive assessment frameworks for practical decision-making. We propose a data-driven framework that combines machine learning with local interpretability and benefit evaluation to analyze spatial heterogeneity, guide spatial decisions, and assess decision cooling benefits (measured as reduced population exposure to land surface temperature extremes). Using Beijing as a case study, we investigated UGS cooling effects’ nonlinear impacts and spatial heterogeneity and validated the effectiveness of spatial decisions incorporating such heterogeneity. Our findings reveal that: (1) Beyond greenspace coverage, the spatial configuration and morphology of UGS significantly mitigate urban heat exposure; (2) All UGS landscape indicators exhibit nonlinear and threshold effects, with their cooling efficiency varying across areas due to interactions with regional environmental factors; (3) The spatial inequality in cooling benefits exceeds that of UGS indicator distribution; (4) Integrating regional heterogeneity of cooling benefits to prioritise optimal areas can more than double mitigation benefits (when only 10% of areas can be optimised). The proposed framework achieves equivalent benefits while optimizing only 40% of the region compared to random methods. This study advances the understanding of greenspace benefits from distribution heterogeneity to cooling effect heterogeneity. These insights emphasize the importance of considering regional heterogeneity in urban spatial planning, providing theoretical and practical support for enhancing urban sustainability and resident well-being through UGS.

城市绿地（UGS）越来越被认为是缓解城市热暴露和推进可持续发展目标的关键。然而，对冷却效应的空间异质性的有限理解阻碍了UGS效益的优化。此外，大多数研究只关注关系探索，缺乏实际决策的综合评估框架。我们提出了一个数据驱动的框架，将机器学习与当地可解释性和效益评估相结合，以分析空间异质性，指导空间决策，并评估决策冷却效益（以减少人口暴露于地表极端温度来衡量）。本文以北京市为例，研究了地下震源降温效应的非线性影响和空间异质性，并验证了考虑这种异质性的空间决策的有效性。研究结果表明：①除了绿地覆盖外，城市绿地的空间结构和形态还显著缓解了城市热暴露；(2)各UGS景观指标均表现出非线性和阈值效应，降温效率因区域环境因子的相互作用而存在区域差异；(3)降温效益的空间不均匀性大于UGS指标分布的空间不均匀性；(4)综合降温效益的区域异质性，优选最优区域，可使降温效益增加一倍以上（当只有10%的区域可优化时）。与随机方法相比，所提出的框架只优化了40%的区域，却获得了同等的效益。本研究将绿地效益从分布异质性提升到降温效应异质性。这些见解强调了在城市空间规划中考虑区域异质性的重要性，为通过UGS提高城市可持续性和居民福祉提供了理论和实践支持。

{"title":"Spatially-optimized greenspace for more effective urban heat mitigation: Insights from regional cooling heterogeneity via explainable machine learning","authors":"Shuliang Ren , Zhou Huang , Ganmin Yin , Xiaoqin Yan , Quanhua Dong , Junnan Qi , Jiangpeng Zheng , Yi Bao , Shiyi Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban greenspaces (UGS) are increasingly recognised as crucial for mitigating urban heat exposure in advancing sustainable development goals. However, limited understanding of spatial heterogeneity in cooling effects hinders optimizing UGS benefits. Moreover, most studies focus solely on relationship exploration, lacking comprehensive assessment frameworks for practical decision-making. We propose a data-driven framework that combines machine learning with local interpretability and benefit evaluation to analyze spatial heterogeneity, guide spatial decisions, and assess decision cooling benefits (measured as reduced population exposure to land surface temperature extremes). Using Beijing as a case study, we investigated UGS cooling effects’ nonlinear impacts and spatial heterogeneity and validated the effectiveness of spatial decisions incorporating such heterogeneity. Our findings reveal that: (1) Beyond greenspace coverage, the spatial configuration and morphology of UGS significantly mitigate urban heat exposure; (2) All UGS landscape indicators exhibit nonlinear and threshold effects, with their cooling efficiency varying across areas due to interactions with regional environmental factors; (3) The spatial inequality in cooling benefits exceeds that of UGS indicator distribution; (4) Integrating regional heterogeneity of cooling benefits to prioritise optimal areas can more than double mitigation benefits (when only 10% of areas can be optimised). The proposed framework achieves equivalent benefits while optimizing only 40% of the region compared to random methods. This study advances the understanding of greenspace benefits from distribution heterogeneity to cooling effect heterogeneity. These insights emphasize the importance of considering regional heterogeneity in urban spatial planning, providing theoretical and practical support for enhancing urban sustainability and resident well-being through UGS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 105296"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142987896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Combining spatial clustering and spatial regression models to understand distributional inequities in access to urban green spaces 结合空间聚类和空间回归模型，了解城市绿地使用权的分布不平等问题

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105297

Bruno Vargas Adorno , Rafael H.M. Pereira , Silvana Amaral

Proximity to urban green spaces offers numerous benefits, sparking increased research and policy interest in equitable access for different population groups. While spatial analyses evaluate access to urban green space, previous studies overlook fine-grained spatial disparities, needed for targeted urban planning. Spatial clustering models (Local Indicators of Spatial Association – LISA) group values significantly higher and lower than the average in the geographic space. In turn, spatial regression (Geographically Wheigted Regression – GWR) reveals the strength and direction of the correlation between variables across space. Here, we investigate whether and how the combination of both types of models helps examine distributional green equity. We show how combining LISA and GWR gives a more nuanced understanding of distributional green equity. We apply this approach to Goiânia, Brazil, with an empirical analysis of access to three categories of green spaces: tree cover, herb-shrub, and public green spaces. Using open-source methods and tools, we examine variations in accessibility for black people, women, and people of different age, literacy, and income groups. We used a new accessibility metric accounting for the size/area of green spaces, walking times and competition for accessing green spaces. The analyses revealed access disparities by population group and green space category identifying specific regions in the city and population groups with consistently limited access to urban green spaces, guiding planners with refined information to prioritize green space interventions where they are most likely needed. This method enables targeted, equitable urban planning that fosters inclusive access to green spaces for diverse communities.

靠近城市绿地提供了许多好处，激发了对不同人口群体公平获取的研究和政策兴趣。虽然空间分析评估了城市绿地的可及性，但以前的研究忽略了有针对性的城市规划所需要的细粒度空间差异。空间聚类模型（Local Indicators of Spatial Association - LISA）在地理空间上的分组值显著高于和低于平均值。反过来，空间回归（地理加权回归- GWR）揭示了变量之间跨空间相关性的强度和方向。在这里，我们研究了两种模型的组合是否以及如何帮助检查分配绿色公平。我们展示了将LISA和GWR结合起来如何更细致地理解分配的绿色权益。我们将这一方法应用于巴西goi尼亚，对三种类型的绿地（树木覆盖、草本灌木和公共绿地）的可及性进行了实证分析。使用开源方法和工具，我们研究了黑人、女性和不同年龄、文化水平和收入群体的人在可访问性方面的变化。我们使用了一种新的可达性指标来衡量绿色空间的大小/面积、步行时间和进入绿色空间的竞争。分析揭示了人口群体和绿地类别的可及性差异，确定了城市中特定区域和人口群体对城市绿地的可及性一直有限，指导规划者利用精确的信息优先考虑最可能需要的绿地干预措施。这种方法可以实现有针对性的、公平的城市规划，为不同的社区提供包容性的绿色空间。

{"title":"Combining spatial clustering and spatial regression models to understand distributional inequities in access to urban green spaces","authors":"Bruno Vargas Adorno , Rafael H.M. Pereira , Silvana Amaral","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105297","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105297","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Proximity to urban green spaces offers numerous benefits, sparking increased research and policy interest in equitable access for different population groups. While spatial analyses evaluate access to urban green space, previous studies overlook fine-grained spatial disparities, needed for targeted urban planning. Spatial clustering models (Local Indicators of Spatial Association – LISA) group values significantly higher and lower than the average in the geographic space. In turn, spatial regression (Geographically Wheigted Regression – GWR) reveals the strength and direction of the correlation between variables across space. Here, we investigate whether and how the combination of both types of models helps examine distributional green equity. We show how combining LISA and GWR gives a more nuanced understanding of distributional green equity. We apply this approach to Goiânia, Brazil, with an empirical analysis of access to three categories of green spaces: tree cover, herb-shrub, and public green spaces. Using open-source methods and tools, we examine variations in accessibility for black people, women, and people of different age, literacy, and income groups. We used a new accessibility metric accounting for the size/area of green spaces, walking times and competition for accessing green spaces. The analyses revealed access disparities by population group and green space category identifying specific regions in the city and population groups with consistently limited access to urban green spaces, guiding planners with refined information to prioritize green space interventions where they are most likely needed. This method enables targeted, equitable urban planning that fosters inclusive access to green spaces for diverse communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 105297"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142987895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Solution to what? Global assessment of nature-based solutions, urban challenges, and outcomes 解决什么问题？基于自然的解决方案、城市挑战和结果的全球评估

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2025-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105294

Meng Li, Roy P. Remme, Peter M. van Bodegom, Alexander P.E. van Oudenhoven

In response to multiple societal challenges faced in cities, nature-based solutions (NbS) are gaining prominence as means to support sustainable and resilient urban planning. However, NbS are being implemented in cities around the globe without comprehensive evidence on their effectiveness in addressing urban challenges. Based on a systematic mapping methodology, we synthesized 547 empirical cases of NbS in 197 cities globally, yielding 799 outcomes encompassing biodiversity, health well-being, and regulating ecosystem services. To structure this evidence we developed an urban NbS classification and categories of urban challenges and outcomes. Effectiveness of NbS was assessed through synthesizing which urban challenges are addressed by NbS, which outcomes are generated, and how these outcomes perform compared to alternative solutions. Our analysis suggests that specific urban challenges were mostly linked to closely related outcomes, but rarely to multiple outcomes. Specifically, forests & trees and general parks were commonly used to enhance health and well-being, while grassland and gardens were applied to mitigate biodiversity loss. Furthermore, urban NbS generally yielded positive effects compared to non-NbS, particularly in relation to microclimate mitigation and mental health outcomes. However, we note a scarcity of evidence on multifunctional NbS, especially on studies that report multiple outcomes related to biodiversity and well-being simultaneously. Our study provides a foundation for further understanding NbS effectiveness and can inform urban planners and policymakers with measurable evidenced-based targets for the application of NbS.

为应对城市面临的多重社会挑战，基于自然的解决方案（NbS）作为支持可持续和弹性城市规划的手段日益受到重视。然而，全球各地的城市都在实施国家统计局，但没有全面的证据表明它们在应对城市挑战方面的有效性。基于系统的制图方法，我们综合了全球197个城市的547个国家统计局的实证案例，得出了799个结果，包括生物多样性、健康福祉和调节生态系统服务。为了构建这一证据，我们开发了城市国家统计局分类和城市挑战和结果的类别。通过综合国家统计局解决了哪些城市挑战，产生了哪些结果，以及与替代解决方案相比这些结果的表现，评估了国家统计局的有效性。我们的分析表明，具体的城市挑战大多与密切相关的结果相关，但很少与多重结果相关。具体来说，森林& &；树木和一般公园通常用于增进健康和福祉，而草地和花园则用于减轻生物多样性的丧失。此外，与非国家统计局相比，城市国家统计局总体上产生了积极影响，特别是在小气候缓解和心理健康结果方面。然而，我们注意到缺乏关于多功能国家统计局的证据，特别是同时报告与生物多样性和福祉相关的多个结果的研究。我们的研究为进一步了解国家统计局的有效性提供了基础，并可以为城市规划者和政策制定者提供可衡量的基于证据的国家统计局应用目标。

{"title":"Solution to what? Global assessment of nature-based solutions, urban challenges, and outcomes","authors":"Meng Li, Roy P. Remme, Peter M. van Bodegom, Alexander P.E. van Oudenhoven","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In response to multiple societal challenges faced in cities, nature-based solutions (NbS) are gaining prominence as means to support sustainable and resilient urban planning. However, NbS are being implemented in cities around the globe without comprehensive evidence on their effectiveness in addressing urban challenges. Based on a systematic mapping methodology, we synthesized 547 empirical cases of NbS in 197 cities globally, yielding 799 outcomes encompassing biodiversity, health well-being, and regulating ecosystem services. To structure this evidence we developed an urban NbS classification and categories of urban challenges and outcomes. Effectiveness of NbS was assessed through synthesizing which urban challenges are addressed by NbS, which outcomes are generated, and how these outcomes perform compared to alternative solutions. Our analysis suggests that specific urban challenges were mostly linked to closely related outcomes, but rarely to multiple outcomes. Specifically, forests & trees and general parks were commonly used to enhance health and well-being, while grassland and gardens were applied to mitigate biodiversity loss. Furthermore, urban NbS generally yielded positive effects compared to non-NbS, particularly in relation to microclimate mitigation and mental health outcomes. However, we note a scarcity of evidence on multifunctional NbS, especially on studies that report multiple outcomes related to biodiversity and well-being simultaneously. Our study provides a foundation for further understanding NbS effectiveness and can inform urban planners and policymakers with measurable evidenced-based targets for the application of NbS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 105294"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142988359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing the impact of homeowner associations’ pro-environmental codes, covenants, and restrictions on member yards 评估业主协会的环保法规、契约和对成员庭院的限制的影响

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2025-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105295

Madeline F. Carr , Daniel Boyd Kramer , David Drake

Homeowner’s associations (HOAs) use their codes covenants, and restrictions (CCRs) to regulate yard composition. A small but growing number of HOAs include clauses in their CCRs with pro-environmental aims. This study assessed the effect of native plant requirement and lawn restriction pro-environmental clauses (PECs) on yard composition. Using front yard surveys, we found a greater mean percent cover of native species in PEC yards (29.51%) compared to non-PEC yards (6.94%) and less mean percent lawn cover in PEC yards (38.44%) than non-PEC yards (68.04%). While these results suggest that PECs are an opportunity for enhancing conservation behaviors of homeowners, we recommend further studies explore the language of PECs, homeowner knowledge of native plants and sustainable landscaping practices, and developer or HOA roles in supporting homeowners.

房主协会（hoa）使用他们的规范契约和限制（ccr）来规范院子的组成。为数不多但数量不断增加的居屋协议在其核心责任协议书中加入环保条款。本研究评估了原生植物需求和草坪限制亲环境条款（PECs）对庭院组成的影响。通过前院调查，我们发现PEC庭院的平均本土物种覆盖率（29.51%）高于非PEC庭院（6.94%），而PEC庭院的平均草坪覆盖率（38.44%）低于非PEC庭院（68.04%）。虽然这些结果表明PECs是提高房主保护行为的一个机会，但我们建议进一步研究PECs的语言，房主对本地植物和可持续园林绿化实践的了解，以及开发商或HOA在支持房主方面的作用。

引用次数: 0