Landscape and Urban Planning最新文献_第5页

Artificial intelligence adoption in urban planning governance: A systematic review of advancements in decision-making, and policy making 人工智能在城市规划治理中的应用：对决策和政策制定进展的系统回顾

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105337

Desmond Lartey , Kris M.Y. Law

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been increasingly used in urban planning to tackle complex urban population growth and socioeconomic demands. AI data-driven methodologies have transformative potential for decision-making and policymaking in urban governance. However, a gap exists between AI’s theoretical promises and its practical integration into governance frameworks. While smart cities highlight technological advancements, they also expose socio-political challenges such as inclusivity, ethics, and public trust.

This study systematically reviews literature on AI adoption in urban planning and governance, examining decision-making advancements and the socio-political dimensions of AI integration. Unlike previous studies, our review connects technological innovation with governance contexts, offering a nuanced analysis of AI’s role in urban systems. The findings show that AI research in urban governance is concentrated in Europe, North America, and Asia, with Africa and Central America being underrepresented. Since 2020, AI research has surged due to smart city initiatives but remains mostly theoretical with limited practical applications in urban governance. Additionally, AI’s integration with public administration and urban studies is minimal, raising concerns about equity and transparency in algorithmic decision-making.

By identifying these gaps and challenges, this study provides actionable insights for policymakers, urban planners, and researchers. Inclusive governance frameworks that balance technological innovation with ethical and sociopolitical considerations are recommended, to ensure that AI-driven urban development promotes equitable, efficient, and sustainable outcomes.

人工智能（AI）越来越多地应用于城市规划，以应对复杂的城市人口增长和社会经济需求。人工智能数据驱动的方法在城市治理的决策和政策制定方面具有变革性潜力。然而，人工智能的理论承诺与它在治理框架中的实际整合之间存在差距。智慧城市在突出技术进步的同时，也暴露了包容性、道德和公众信任等社会政治挑战。本研究系统地回顾了有关人工智能在城市规划和治理中的应用的文献，考察了人工智能整合的决策进展和社会政治维度。与之前的研究不同，我们的综述将技术创新与治理背景联系起来，对人工智能在城市系统中的作用进行了细致入微的分析。研究结果表明，人工智能在城市治理方面的研究主要集中在欧洲、北美和亚洲，而非洲和中美洲的代表性不足。自2020年以来，由于智慧城市倡议，人工智能研究激增，但仍主要停留在理论阶段，在城市治理中的实际应用有限。此外，人工智能与公共行政和城市研究的整合很少，这引发了对算法决策公平性和透明度的担忧。通过确定这些差距和挑战，本研究为政策制定者、城市规划者和研究人员提供了可行的见解。建议建立包容性治理框架，在技术创新与道德和社会政治考虑之间取得平衡，以确保人工智能驱动的城市发展促进公平、高效和可持续的结果。

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引用次数: 0

Using large language models to investigate cultural ecosystem services perceptions: A few-shot and prompt method 使用大型语言模型调查文化生态系统服务感知：一种少镜头和提示方法

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105323

Hanyue Luo , Zhiduo Zhang , Qing Zhu , Nour El Houda Ben Ameur , Xiao Liu , Fan Ding , Yongli Cai

The advancement of generative AI has profoundly impacted various aspects of society, including scientific research, but its application in landscape research remains underexplored. In this study, large language models are applied to analyze cultural ecosystem services, which are a key connection between humans and nature, reflecting the intangible benefits that ecosystems provide. Social media texts from the Lushan Scenic Area, known for its rich cultural ecosystem services, were analyzed. The methodology involved adapting the model using few-shot learning to classify cultural ecosystem services and associated sentiments. Prompts were specifically designed to optimize model performance. The validation process compared the performance of three base models (GLM-4-0520, ERNIE-4.0-8K, and Moonshot-v1-8k) alongside five prompts. The cultural ecosystem services within the study area were subsequently analyzed based on model outputs. The findings indicated superior performance by the Moonshot-v1-8k model, achieving 82.2 % micro-F1 and 80.3 % macro-F1. The implementation of chain-of-thought prompts and cultural ecosystem services definition prompts enhanced micro-F1 and macro-F1 by up to 6.3 % and 3.3 %, respectively. Within the Lushan Scenic Area, aesthetic services were identified as the most frequently perceived, while recreational services received the most negative sentiments. A marked increase in public interest in physical health was observed following the COVID-19 pandemic. This study highlights the potential of large language models to advance the analysis of cultural ecosystem services and landscape perceptions. By offering a novel approach to text analysis, the findings contribute valuable insights for landscape management and underscore the utility of AI technologies.

生成式人工智能的进步深刻影响了社会的各个方面，包括科学研究，但其在景观研究中的应用仍未得到充分探索。本研究采用大语言模型分析文化生态系统服务，文化生态系统服务是人类与自然之间的关键联系，反映了生态系统提供的无形利益。以丰富的文化生态服务而闻名的庐山风景区的社交媒体文本进行了分析。该方法涉及使用少量学习来调整模型，以对文化生态系统服务和相关情感进行分类。提示是专门为优化模型性能而设计的。验证过程比较了三种基本模型（GLM-4-0520, ERNIE-4.0-8K和Moonshot-v1-8k）的性能以及五个提示。在此基础上，对研究区文化生态系统服务功能进行了分析。研究结果表明，Moonshot-v1-8k模型具有优异的性能，实现了82.2%的微观f1和80.3%的宏观f1。思维链提示和文化生态系统服务定义的实施分别提高了6.3%和3.3%的微观f1和宏观f1。在庐山景区内，审美服务被认为是最常见的，而娱乐服务则被认为是最负面的。在2019冠状病毒病大流行之后，公众对身体健康的兴趣显著增加。本研究强调了大型语言模型在促进文化生态系统服务和景观感知分析方面的潜力。通过提供一种新的文本分析方法，研究结果为景观管理提供了有价值的见解，并强调了人工智能技术的实用性。

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引用次数: 0

Impacts of forest clear-cutting on recreational activity: Evidence from crowdsourced mobility data 森林砍伐对娱乐活动的影响：来自众包移动数据的证据

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105332

Zander S. Venter, David N. Barton, Vegard Gundersen

Intensive forest management practices including stand-replacing clear-cuts continue to dominate silviculture globally, yet their impacts on recreational ecosystem services are largely unknown. While landscape preference studies suggest intact forests are favoured over forest clear-cuts for aesthetics, it’s unclear if this influences recreational behaviour. Analysing a sample of 2.7 M recreational activities (0.4 M pedestrian, 2.1 M cycling and 0.1 M skiing) over Norway during 2017 along forest trails that were within 1 km of a subsequent clear-cut in 2018, we quantified the impact on activity changes observed in 2019 using a before-after-control-impact (BACI) study design. Across the 10,781 clear-cuts included in our analysis, we found a negative effect on pedestrian activity (−3.7 ± 4 %; ± 95 % CI), a neutral effect on cycling activity (0.5 ± 3.5 %) and a positive, but highly variable effect on skiing activity (13.4 ± 15.4 %). Therefore, our results suggest that the research on people’s stated preference for intact and natural forests is corroborated by behavioural avoidance of clear-cut forests during pedestrian activity, but not necessarily cycling or skiing. After taking all activities into account and extrapolating to the total population of recreationists in Norway, we found that clear-cuts displace 1.5 M ± 0.8 M activities annually, with more pronounced impacts near urban areas. We conducted a cross-sectional regression analysis and found effect sizes which corroborate our BACI results, indicating that clear-cuts not only displace, but reduce total recreational activity. Although the reduced activity due to clearcuts is small (0.15 %) relative to the circa 1 billion recreational activities reported in Norway annually, it may be consequential for forestry policy recommendations depending on how one values recreational ecosystem services. In the context of ecosystem service accounting, we argue that the value from recreation services lost due to clear-cutting exceeds the value of timber provisioning services gained, particularly in peri-urban forests.

集约化的森林管理实践，包括取代砍伐殆尽的林分，继续在全球范围内主导着造林，但它们对娱乐生态系统服务的影响在很大程度上是未知的。虽然景观偏好研究表明，在美学方面，完整的森林比被砍伐的森林更受青睐，但尚不清楚这是否会影响娱乐行为。我们分析了2017年在挪威境内沿森林小径进行的2.7 M娱乐活动（0.4 M步行，2.1 M骑自行车和0.1 M滑雪）的样本，这些小径与2018年随后的砍伐距离在1公里以内，我们使用前后控制-影响（BACI）研究设计量化了对2019年观察到的活动变化的影响。在我们分析的10,781个砍伐区中，我们发现对行人活动的负面影响(- 3.7±4%；±95% CI)，对骑行活动的中性影响（0.5±3.5%），对滑雪活动的积极影响（13.4±15.4%），但变化很大。因此，我们的研究结果表明，人们对完整和天然森林的偏好的研究得到了步行活动时行为避免的证实，但不一定是骑自行车或滑雪时。在考虑了所有活动并将其外推到挪威休闲主义者的总人口之后，我们发现，砍伐殆尽的森林每年取代了1.5 M±0.8 M的活动，对城市地区的影响更为明显。我们进行了横断面回归分析，发现了与BACI结果相一致的效应值，表明砍伐森林不仅取代了人们的位置，而且减少了总的娱乐活动。尽管与挪威每年报告的大约10亿次娱乐活动相比，砍伐森林导致的活动减少很小（0.15%），但这可能对林业政策建议产生重大影响，这取决于人们如何评价娱乐生态系统服务。在生态系统服务核算的背景下，我们认为，由于完全砍伐而失去的娱乐服务的价值超过了木材供应服务的价值，特别是在城郊森林中。

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引用次数: 0

Wildfire risk in Alaska: Spatial association between social vulnerability, wildfire hazard, and wildfire mitigation programs 阿拉斯加的野火风险：社会脆弱性、野火危害和野火缓解计划之间的空间联系

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105321

Xiaoyu Liang , Desheng Liu

High-latitude regions are experiencing larger, longer, and more severe wildfires, leading to significant impacts on ecosystems and human societies. However, quantitative assessments of wildfire risk that consider both social and ecological characteristics are still lacking in these remote regions. Using Alaska as a case study, we quantified and mapped the association between social vulnerability, wildfire hazard potential, and selected wildfire mitigation activities (federal and state fuel treatment projects and Community Wildfire Protection Plans) to address this gap. We observed great variation in the associations. Remote regions in southcentral and interior Alaska displayed moderate-to-high social vulnerability and wildfire hazard potential, while urban areas exhibited lower social vulnerability regardless of wildfire hazard potential. Notably, state fuel treatments and CWPPs, which are concentrated near urban areas, generally showed a negative association with social vulnerability, though the CWPP–vulnerability association turned positive under high wildfire hazard in urban regions. In contrast, federal fuel treatment projects, which were widespread across the landscape, showed a consistent positive association with social vulnerability regardless of wildfire hazard potential and urban/rural divisions. Our results provide critical context for the policy challenges posed by escalating wildfire risk and inform the environmental justice implications of wildfire mitigation activities. This study contributes to larger-scale, global wildfire management assessments, offering guidance for equitable, context-specific wildfire management strategies in other regions facing increasing wildfire risks.

高纬度地区正在经历更大、更长时间和更严重的野火，对生态系统和人类社会产生重大影响。然而，考虑到社会和生态特征的野火风险定量评估在这些偏远地区仍然缺乏。以阿拉斯加为例，我们量化并绘制了社会脆弱性、野火危害潜力和选定的野火缓解活动（联邦和州燃料处理项目和社区野火保护计划）之间的关系，以解决这一差距。我们观察到这些关联有很大的差异。阿拉斯加中南部和内陆偏远地区的社会脆弱性和野火灾害潜力均为中高，而无论野火灾害潜力如何，城市地区的社会脆弱性都较低。值得注意的是，集中在城市附近的国家燃料处理和cwpp总体上与社会脆弱性呈负相关，尽管在城市地区野火风险高的情况下，cwpp与脆弱性呈正相关。相比之下，在整个景观中广泛存在的联邦燃料处理项目显示出与社会脆弱性一致的正相关，无论野火危害潜力和城乡划分如何。我们的研究结果为不断升级的野火风险带来的政策挑战提供了关键背景，并为野火减灾活动的环境正义影响提供了信息。这项研究有助于进行更大规模的全球野火管理评估，为面临野火风险增加的其他地区制定公平、具体的野火管理战略提供指导。

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引用次数: 0

Urban green space, respiratory health and rising temperatures: An examination of the complex relationship between green space and adult asthma across racialized neighborhoods in Los Angeles County 城市绿地、呼吸健康和气温上升：对洛杉矶县种族化社区绿地与成人哮喘之间复杂关系的研究

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105320

Peng Chen, Bernadette Hanlon

Using spatial regressions in Piecewise Structural Equation Modeling, this study aims to investigate the relationship between urban green space (UGS) and adult asthma-related emergency department (ED) visits in urbanized Los Angeles County. Controlling for socioeconomic and built-environment factors at the neighborhood scale, we examine both direct associations between various UGS types—trees, grass, and water bodies—and asthma ED visit rates, as well as indirect pathways through air pollution (PM2.5) and land surface temperature (LST). Our findings reveal distinct pathways through which UGS types are associated with asthma ED visit rates. Proportions of trees and water bodies are negatively associated with asthma ED visit rates through different indirect pathways: trees through both LST and PM2.5 pathways, and water bodies through the LST pathway. Grass proportions, conversely, are positively associated with asthma ED visit rates both directly and indirectly through LST. We also highlight variations in these associations across different racialized communities. Specifically, in predominantly White communities, tree proportions demonstrate an additional direct negative association with asthma ED visit rates, whereas the positive associations between grass proportions and both asthma ED visit rates and LST, observed in minoritized communities of color, are not present. Moreover, the overall positive association between grass proportions and asthma ED visit rates is significantly stronger in minoritized communities of color. This research suggests prioritizing trees and water bodies over grass in green infrastructure planning and advocates for a context-specific approach in urban planning and public health management to optimize the benefits of UGS.

本研究采用分段结构方程模型中的空间回归分析方法，探讨了洛杉矶城市化县城市绿地（UGS）与成人哮喘相关急诊（ED）就诊的关系。在社区尺度上控制社会经济和建筑环境因素，我们研究了各种UGS类型（树木、草地和水体）与哮喘ED就诊率之间的直接联系，以及通过空气污染（PM2.5）和地表温度（LST）的间接途径。我们的研究结果揭示了UGS类型与哮喘ED就诊率相关的不同途径。树木和水体的比例通过不同的间接途径与哮喘ED就诊率呈负相关：树木通过LST和PM2.5途径，水体通过LST途径。相反，草比例通过LST直接或间接地与哮喘ED就诊率呈正相关。我们还强调了这些关联在不同种族化社区中的差异。具体来说，在以白人为主的社区中，树木比例与哮喘ED就诊率表现出额外的直接负相关，而在有色人种少数社区中观察到的草比例与哮喘ED就诊率和LST之间的正相关并不存在。此外，在少数族裔社区，草地比例与哮喘ED就诊率之间的总体正相关关系明显更强。该研究建议在绿色基础设施规划中优先考虑树木和水体，而不是草地，并倡导在城市规划和公共卫生管理中采用具体情况的方法，以优化UGS的效益。

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引用次数: 0

Response to Guerin et al. Comment on ’Mapping the climate risk to urban forests at city scale’ 对 Guerin 等人关于 "绘制城市规模的城市森林气候风险图 "的评论的回应

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2025-02-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105324

Manuel Esperon-Rodriguez , Rachael Gallagher , Niels Souverijns , Quentin Lejeune , Carl-Friedrich Schleussner , Mark G. Tjoelker

Urban forests are broadly considered as a nature-based solution; however, they are also vulnerable to climate change, highlighting the need to identify species and cities at risk. A novel approach was developed to identify species and locations at potential climatic risk using the safety margin (i.e., a metric of species’ climate sensitivity) (Esperon-Rodriguez et al., 2024a). A recent comment on this approach by Guerin et al. (2025) found no relationship between safety margin estimates with hydraulic vulnerability; therefore, they raised caution about using climate-based methods to assess species’ climate risk. Here, we present evidence that a relative tolerance rank (i.e., a metric of performance that spans multiple traits) does indeed show a positive relationship with safety margin. We also found evidence that the species safety margin correlated negatively to crown dieback observed during extreme heat and drought. While caveats are advised when using climate-based methods, we suggest that these methods can provide context-specific insights for urban forest management, bridging the gap between broad climatic tolerances and local environmental conditions.

城市森林被广泛认为是一种基于自然的解决方案；然而，它们也容易受到气候变化的影响，因此有必要确定面临风险的物种和城市。人们开发了一种新的方法，利用安全边际（即物种气候敏感性的度量）来识别存在潜在气候风险的物种和地点（Esperon-Rodriguez et al., 2024a）。Guerin等人（2025）最近对这种方法的评论发现，安全边际估计与水力脆弱性之间没有关系；因此，他们对使用基于气候的方法来评估物种的气候风险提出了警告。在这里，我们提供的证据表明，相对容忍度排名（即，跨越多个特征的绩效指标）确实显示出与安全边际呈正相关。在极端高温和干旱条件下，物种安全裕度与树冠枯死呈负相关。虽然在使用基于气候的方法时需要注意，但我们认为这些方法可以为城市森林管理提供具体情况的见解，弥合广泛的气候耐受性与当地环境条件之间的差距。

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引用次数: 0

Substitution effects and spatial factors in the social demand for landscape aesthetics in agroecosystems 农业生态系统景观美学社会需求的替代效应与空间因素

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105322

José A. Albaladejo-García, José M. Martínez-Paz

One of the cultural ecosystem services provided by agroecosystems is landscape aesthetics, which has a very positive effect on social well-being. In many areas, such as the Mediterranean, changes in land use have been negatively affecting the provision of this service, which is becoming increasingly crucial in the formulation of agricultural policies. The objective of this paper was to assess the social demand for agricultural landscape aesthetics, considering both the levels of use and the willingness to contribute to its conservation. This was done while considering the existence of substitute landscapes and spatial effects. The flowering fruit trees in Cieza (SE-Spain) were used as a representative case study of semi-arid Mediterranean agricultural landscapes. A survey of 493 households was conducted, in which a contingent valuation exercise was implemented. The results demonstrated the availability of alternative spaces in the region and spatial effects, such as distance decay or distance increase, were factors that explain the diverse aspects of the social demand for the agricultural landscape. This justifies the suitability of carrying out this type of analysis of complete social demand as a preliminary step towards the formulation of more effective agricultural and land management measures to achieve social well-being.

农业生态系统提供的文化生态服务之一是景观美学，它对社会福祉具有非常积极的作用。在许多地区，例如地中海，土地使用的变化对提供这种服务产生了不利影响，而这种服务在制定农业政策方面正变得越来越重要。本文的目的是评估社会对农业景观美学的需求，同时考虑使用水平和对其保护做出贡献的意愿。这是在考虑替代景观和空间效果的同时完成的。以西萨（西班牙东南部）的开花果树为例，研究了半干旱地中海农业景观的代表性案例。我们对493户家庭进行了调查，并在调查中采用了条件估值方法。结果表明，区域内可替代空间的可获得性和空间效应（如距离衰减或距离增加）是解释农业景观社会需求不同方面的因素。因此，有理由对全面的社会需求进行这种分析，作为制订更有效的农业和土地管理措施以实现社会福利的初步步骤。

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引用次数: 0

Watching nature through the window cannot be overlooked! Nexus between green window view, physical activity intention, and intensity among older adults 透过窗户看大自然是不容忽视的！老年人绿色窗景、体育活动意愿和强度之间的关系

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105318

Yue Yin, Tianyu Xia, Ting Shu, Bing Zhao, Gexiang Zhang, Jinguang Zhang

Extensive studies have underscored the positive associations between various types of greenspace exposure and physical activity (PA); however, few studies have examined the beneficial effects of greenspaces viewed from windows on the PA of older adults. This study is the first to disentangle the association between green window views (GWV) and PA intensity and determine whether this association is mediated by PA intention. Using three-dimensional (3D) point-cloud data derived from Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry, we developed a set of 3D indicators to evaluate objective GWV across four dimensions: naturalness (window greening view ratio), diversity (window vegetation colour richness index), complexity (window vegetation complexity index), and coherence (window greening unity index). In addition, we collected perceived greenness as a subjective GWV metric. A total of 1,007 older adults from 40 residential communities in Nanjing, China were recruited to report their PA intention and intensity. A hierarchical linear model and multilevel mediation analysis were then employed to examine the associations between the GWV, PA intention, and PA intensity. The results suggest that the window greening view ratio was positively associated with PA intensity, while the window vegetation colour richness index showed a negative association. The window greening view ratio, window vegetation complexity index, window greening unity index, and perceived greenness are significantly associated with PA intention, which, in turn, may enhance PA intensity among older adults. Our findings shed light on how visible vegetation characteristics from windows may influence PA intensity among older adults and whether these associations can be partially mediated by PA intention, offering valuable insights for policy initiatives focused on health-oriented greenspace planning.

大量研究强调了各种类型的绿色空间暴露与身体活动之间的正相关关系（PA）；然而，很少有研究调查了从窗户看到的绿色空间对老年人的PA的有益影响。本研究首次揭示了绿色窗景（GWV）与PA强度之间的关联，并确定这种关联是否由PA意图介导。利用来自无人机（UAV）摄影测量的三维（3D）点云数据，我们开发了一套三维指标来评估客观GWV的四个维度：自然性（窗口绿化视点比）、多样性（窗口植被色彩丰富度指数）、复杂性（窗口植被复杂性指数）和一致性（窗口绿化统一指数）。此外，我们收集感知绿色作为主观GWV指标。来自中国南京40个社区的1007名老年人被招募来报告他们的PA意图和强度。然后采用层次线性模型和多层次中介分析来检验GWV、PA意向和PA强度之间的关系。结果表明，窗景绿化率与绿化强度呈正相关，而窗景植被色彩丰富度指数呈负相关。窗户绿化视野比、窗户植被复杂性指数、窗户绿化统一指数和感知绿色度与绿化意愿显著相关，而绿化意愿可能会增强老年人的绿化强度。我们的研究结果揭示了从窗户看到的植被特征如何影响老年人的PA强度，以及这些关联是否可以部分地由PA意图介导，为以健康为导向的绿色空间规划的政策举措提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Understanding the effect of built-up and green spaces upon air quality at multiple spatial scales: A systematic literature review 在多个空间尺度上理解建筑空间和绿地对空气质量的影响：系统的文献综述

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105304

Chenling Wu , Ahmed Hazem Eldesoky , Eugenio Morello

Understanding how to design and plan built-up and green spaces in cities is essential for achieving optimal outdoor air quality. While several studies have investigated how different indicators of built-up and green spaces impact air quality across various spatial scales (macro, meso, and micro), the findings and evidence remain fragmented and largely inaccessible to urban designers, planners, and policymakers. To bridge this gap, we conducted a systematic literature review of 61 peer-reviewed publications to: (1) provide an overview of the literature addressing the impacts of built-up and green spaces on air quality, including key areas of investigation (emission, dispersion, deposition, exposure, etc.), the pollutants studied (particulates, gases), and the quantitative methods used (numerical, physical, and empirical models); (2) develop a taxonomy of built-up and green space indicators that influence air quality at different spatial scales, such as urban canyon aspect ratios, vegetation size, and land-use and land-cover compositions; and (3) synthesize quantitative evidence on how these indicators affect air quality (positively, negatively, insignificantly, or variously) across scales. The taxonomy and synthesized evidence offer actionable, evidence-based insights for urban planning, design, and policy to improve air quality at different spatial scales. Additionally, the review highlights several under-explored areas for future air quality research, such as the impact of vegetation configuration.

了解如何设计和规划城市中的建筑和绿色空间对于实现最佳的室外空气质量至关重要。虽然有几项研究调查了建筑空间和绿色空间的不同指标如何在不同的空间尺度（宏观、中观和微观）上影响空气质量，但研究结果和证据仍然是零散的，城市设计师、规划者和政策制定者在很大程度上无法获得这些研究结果和证据。为了弥补这一差距，我们对61篇同行评审的出版物进行了系统的文献综述：(1)概述了关于建筑和绿地对空气质量影响的文献，包括调查的关键领域（排放、扩散、沉积、暴露等）、研究的污染物（颗粒物、气体）和使用的定量方法（数值、物理和经验模型）；(2)建立影响不同空间尺度空气质量的建成区和绿地指标分类，如城市峡谷宽高比、植被大小、土地利用和土地覆盖组成；(3)综合这些指标如何跨尺度（积极、消极、不显著或不同程度）影响空气质量的定量证据。分类和综合证据为城市规划、设计和政策提供了可操作的、基于证据的见解，以改善不同空间尺度的空气质量。此外，该综述还强调了未来空气质量研究的几个尚未开发的领域，例如植被配置的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing recreationists’ preferences of the landscape and species using crowdsourced images and machine learning 使用众包图像和机器学习来评估游憩者对景观和物种的偏好

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2025-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105315

Abdesslam Chai-allah , Johannes Hermes , Anne De La Foye , Zander S. Venter , Frédéric Joly , Gilles Brunschwig , Sandro Bimonte , Nathan Fox

Crowdsourced data are now well-established for assessing cultural ecosystem services (CES). In rural areas, understanding which land covers people prefer to recreate in, and how these land covers provide different CES, is necessary to support sustainable use. In this study, we aim to assess recreationists’ revealed preferences of landscape aesthetics and species observation as two CES, considering multiple land cover types in a rural area in France. This assessment was carried out using georeferenced images from two crowdsourced sources (Flickr and Wikiloc) and by analyzing their content using a machine-learning algorithm. We further developed a framework to classify images based on their content into CES-related images (those depicting landscapes or species) and non-CES-related images. Finally, we assessed how images depicting landscape aesthetics and species observation are distributed across the land covers visited by recreationists, and which species groups are the most photographed. Our results showed the dominance of images of open landscape views over close-up species images, and that grasslands are the primary providers of open views. In addition, we found that forests also provide open landscape views, suggesting that forests with gaps in canopy cover and viewpoints can be as important as grasslands in providing aesthetic views, especially in hilly landscapes. For species, the category “plants and flowers“ was the most photographed, followed by invertebrates and birds on Flickr, and domestic livestock on Wikiloc. This study provides insights into the importance of using multiple crowdsourced sources in CES assessment, providing critical insights for both landscape managers and conservationists.

目前，众包数据已被广泛用于评估文化生态系统服务（CES）。在农村地区，了解人们喜欢在哪些土地覆盖上重建，以及这些土地覆盖如何提供不同的消费能力，对于支持可持续利用是必要的。在这项研究中，我们旨在评估游憩者对景观美学和物种观察的偏好作为两个CES，考虑法国农村地区的多种土地覆盖类型。这项评估是使用来自两个众包来源（Flickr和Wikiloc）的地理参考图像进行的，并使用机器学习算法分析其内容。我们进一步开发了一个框架，根据图像的内容将图像分类为与ces相关的图像（描绘景观或物种的图像）和与ces无关的图像。最后，我们评估了描绘景观美学和物种观察的图像如何分布在游憩者访问的土地覆盖上，以及哪些物种组被拍摄最多。研究结果表明，开放景观影像的优势大于近距离物种影像，草原是开放景观的主要提供者。此外，我们还发现森林也提供开阔的景观景观，这表明在树冠覆盖和视点之间存在间隙的森林在提供美学景观方面与草原一样重要，特别是在丘陵景观中。就物种而言，“植物和花卉”是被拍照最多的类别，其次是Flickr上的无脊椎动物和鸟类，以及Wikiloc上的家畜。本研究揭示了在生态环境评估中使用多个众包资源的重要性，为景观管理者和保护主义者提供了重要的见解。

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