Landscape and Urban Planning最新文献_第5页

Who values urban open spaces? investigating heterogeneity in the capitalization of open space in New York city 谁重视城市开放空间？调查纽约市开放空间资本化的异质性

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2024-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105259

Liqing Li , Mitchell R. Livy

Given the constraints on local budgets and the availability of urban land, understanding how different urban green spaces are valued by diverse residents is crucial for making informed urban land use decisions. We estimate the heterogeneity in housing price capitalizations of various open space classes in New York City using a hedonic price model. Our findings reveal that the capitalization of open spaces varies across open space types and nearby housing types. For instance, compared to residents who live in properties with private outdoor spaces, residents in condominiums and cooperatives may place greater value on open spaces such as neighborhood parks or community gardens. Furthermore, we aim to uncover how demographic factors are associated with the valuation of different types of open spaces, focusing on two sets of community factors: median household income and racial composition. Our results show that areas with low-income populations or a predominance of non-white residents exhibit substantially different preferences from other groups, with an increased capitalization for community gardens and a decreased capitalization for flagship parks. These insights highlight the importance of investigating heterogeneity in the valuation of environmental amenities and can help policymakers allocate funds for environmental amenities to better align with the preferences of local residents.

鉴于地方预算和城市土地供应的限制，了解不同居民对不同城市绿地的评价对于做出明智的城市土地利用决策至关重要。我们使用享乐主义价格模型估算了纽约市各类开放空间的住房价格资本化的异质性。我们的研究结果表明，开放空间的资本化程度因开放空间类型和附近住房类型而异。例如，与居住在拥有私人户外空间的房产中的居民相比，居住在公寓和合作社中的居民可能更看重邻里公园或社区花园等开放空间。此外，我们还旨在揭示人口因素与不同类型开放空间价值的关联，重点关注两组社区因素：家庭收入中位数和种族构成。我们的研究结果表明，低收入人口或非白人居民占多数的地区与其他群体的偏好有很大不同，社区花园的资本化程度提高，而旗舰公园的资本化程度降低。这些见解凸显了调查环境设施估值异质性的重要性，有助于政策制定者更好地根据当地居民的偏好分配环境设施资金。

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引用次数: 0

Homelessness and nature across landscapes and disciplines: A literature review 跨越景观和学科的无家可归与自然：文献综述

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105254

Seamus R. Land , Monika M. Derrien

The complex social-ecological dynamics of homelessness in natural resource management have become increasingly apparent in recent years. Systematically understanding and engaging with these dynamics across sectors, disciplines, and landscapes has presented a conceptual and methodological challenge for both practitioners and researchers. Though some interdisciplinary research has expanded in recent years, the understanding it has fostered largely remains fragmented across disciplines, and its implications for practice are poorly understood. To help create connections across this fragmented dialogue, we reviewed 111 relevant academic journal articles, books, and reports across a broad range of disciplines. Across this literature, we observed an increasing focus on understanding homelessness drivers, impacts, and solutions through a coupled social-ecological systems lens, though key gaps remain. Research oriented towards urban studies, environmental justice, public health, political ecology, and Indigenous studies offered especially important methodological and conceptual innovations that promise to better confront and address justice in fluid, dynamic, and integrated social-ecological systems. We discuss opportunities for studies to better incorporate community concerns, attend to heterogenous homeless populations, apply multiple scales of analysis across disciplines, address market forces, incorporate diverse worldviews and researcher reflexivity, and address complex social-ecological challenges like climate change. To help mobilize around these needs and opportunities, we encourage researchers, practitioners, and people with lived experiences of homelessness to co-produce a research agenda, a process which could establish a shared foundation for increased collaboration across sectors and disciplines and identify priorities for better understanding and attending to the complex and contested challenges of homelessness across landscapes.

近年来，自然资源管理中无家可归现象的复杂社会生态动态日益明显。系统地理解和参与这些跨部门、跨学科和跨地貌的动态变化，对从业人员和研究人员来说都是概念和方法上的挑战。尽管近年来一些跨学科研究有所扩展，但其所促进的理解在很大程度上仍然是跨学科的，对其对实践的影响也知之甚少。为了帮助在这种支离破碎的对话中建立联系，我们查阅了 111 篇相关的学术期刊文章、书籍和报告，涉及广泛的学科领域。在这些文献中，我们注意到人们越来越关注通过社会生态系统耦合视角来理解无家可归问题的驱动因素、影响和解决方案，但仍存在关键差距。面向城市研究、环境正义、公共卫生、政治生态学和土著研究的研究提供了特别重要的方法和概念创新，有望更好地面对和解决流动、动态和综合社会生态系统中的正义问题。我们讨论了各项研究的机遇，以便更好地纳入社区关注、关注异质无家可归者群体、跨学科应用多种分析尺度、应对市场力量、纳入不同的世界观和研究人员的反思性，以及应对气候变化等复杂的社会生态挑战。为了帮助围绕这些需求和机遇进行动员，我们鼓励研究人员、从业人员和有无家可归生活经历的人共同制定研究议程，这一过程可以为加强跨部门和跨学科合作奠定共同的基础，并确定优先事项，以便更好地理解和应对无家可归问题所带来的复杂而有争议的挑战。

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引用次数: 0

The planning of urban–rural linkages: An automated content analysis of spatial plans adopted by European intermediate cities 城乡联系规划：对欧洲中间城市通过的空间规划进行自动内容分析

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105258

Theresia Morandell , Michael Wicki , David Kaufmann

Rapidly advancing urbanization increasingly deepens cities’ interdependencies with surrounding suburban and rural territories, leading to unique planning challenges. Yet, there is limited comparative understanding of how urban–rural linkages are practically addressed through spatial planning. This study explores the extent and variety to which urban–rural linkages are integrated into both statutory and non-statutory local spatial plans. Specifically, we ask whether cities address in their plans the broad set of physical and functional linkages that typically exist within city-regions. Employing natural language processing (NLP) tools for automated content analysis, a method particularly adept at handling large-scale textual data, we analyze 257 municipal spatial plans from 125 so-called intermediate cities across 20 European OECD countries. This approach allows for substantial comparison of planning contents at the local level. We find that urban–rural linkages and the city-region as a complementary territorial scale for planning are addressed more frequently in non-statutory plans and, partially, in plans that were adopted jointly by city governments with surrounding municipalities. While statutory plans show more attention toward physical linkages such as interlocking built-up areas, non-statutory plans encompass broader socio-economic dimensions, including commuting flows, economic, and transport planning. These findings reflect the practical importance of more strategic, informal planning mechanisms when addressing urban–rural dynamics. Our study provides vital insights into the variety of policy fields that are addressed in local planning in Europe and provides venues for future research on urban–rural planning dynamics.

快速推进的城市化日益加深了城市与周边郊区和农村地区的相互依存关系，从而带来了独特的规划挑战。然而，人们对如何通过空间规划切实解决城乡联系问题的比较了解十分有限。本研究探讨了将城乡联系纳入法定和非法定地方空间规划的程度和多样性。具体来说，我们询问城市是否在其规划中处理了城市区域内通常存在的一系列广泛的物理和功能联系。我们采用自然语言处理 (NLP) 工具进行自动内容分析（一种特别擅长处理大规模文本数据的方法），分析了来自 20 个欧洲经合组织国家 125 个所谓中等城市的 257 份市政空间规划。通过这种方法，我们可以对地方层面的规划内容进行实质性比较。我们发现，在非法定规划以及部分由市政府与周边城市联合通过的规划中，城乡联系和城市-区域作为规划的补充地域尺度得到了更多的关注。法定规划更关注物理联系，如相互交错的建成区，而非法定规划则涵盖更广泛的社会经济层面，包括通勤流、经济和交通规划。这些发现反映了更具战略性的非正式规划机制在处理城乡动态关系时的实际重要性。我们的研究为欧洲地方规划中涉及的各种政策领域提供了重要的见解，并为未来的城乡规划动态研究提供了场所。

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引用次数: 0

Not or Yes in My Back Yard? A physiological and psychological measurement of urban residents in Taiwan 我的后院 "不是 "还是 "是"？台湾城市居民的生理和心理测量

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105256

Yi-Kai Juan , Yi Chen

Global urbanization has resulted in a dense concentration of population in cities worldwide. In Asia’s densely populated cities, the existence of “Not In My Back Yard (NIMBY)” facilities is essential for public infrastructure development. However, most NIMBY facilities, such as cemeteries, funeral parlors, electrical towers, garbage dumps, and gas stations, are directly exposed to the urban environment without special environmental design considerations. Additionally, Feng-Shui considerations for the living environments contribute to a negative impression and rejection of NIMBY facilities. This study posits a research hypothesis: Do people experience negative physiological and psychological effects in a NIMBY environment compared to a “Yes In My Back Yard (YIMBY)” environment? This study employed the Fuzzy Delphi method (FDM) to gather experts’ perceptions of NIMBY. Subsequently, virtual reality (VR) scenes based on NIMBY and YIMBY fields were introduced. Heart rate variability (HRV) and emotional state questionnaires (POMS) were utilized to measure the physiological and psychological changes among subjects in both environments. Twenty-eight participants engaged in a two-week experiment, and statistical analysis was employed to compare the significant differences in physiological and psychological values in different environments. The results indicated that the participants in the YIMBY environment exhibited more positive physiological responses. The POMS results also supported the notion that the participants generally demonstrated more stable emotional performance in the YIMBY environment. For future considerations, it is recommended that urban environmental planning and design incorporate more YIMBY elements to promote urban residents’ physical and mental health.

全球城市化导致全球城市人口密集。在亚洲人口密集的城市中，"不在我家后院（NIMBY）"设施的存在对于公共基础设施的发展至关重要。然而，大多数 "不在我家后院（NIMBY）"设施，如墓地、殡仪馆、电塔、垃圾场和加油站，都直接暴露在城市环境中，没有特殊的环境设计考虑。此外，对居住环境的风水考虑也导致了人们对非宜居设施的负面印象和排斥。本研究提出了一个研究假设：与 "Yes In My Back Yard (YIMBY) "环境相比，人们在 "NIMBY "环境中是否会产生负面的生理和心理影响？本研究采用模糊德尔菲法 (FDM) 收集专家对 NIMBY 的看法。随后，引入了基于 NIMBY 和 YIMBY 领域的虚拟现实（VR）场景。利用心率变异性（HRV）和情绪状态问卷（POMS）来测量受试者在两种环境中的生理和心理变化。28 名参与者参与了为期两周的实验，并采用统计分析比较了不同环境下生理和心理值的显著差异。结果表明，YIMBY 环境中的参与者表现出更积极的生理反应。POMS 的结果也支持了这一观点，即在 YIMBY 环境中，参与者普遍表现出更稳定的情绪。出于对未来的考虑，建议在城市环境规划和设计中融入更多的 YIMBY 元素，以促进城市居民的身心健康。

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引用次数: 0

New York City 2100: Environmental justice implications of future scenarios for addressing extreme heat 2100 年的纽约市：应对极端高温的未来方案对环境正义的影响

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105249

Maya Dutta , Pablo Herreros-Cantis , Timon McPhearson , Ahmed Mustafa , Matthew I. Palmer , Mika Tosca , Jennifer Ventrella , Elizabeth M. Cook

Climate-driven hazards, such as extreme heat or precipitation, are threatening the current and future livability of New York City (NYC) and disproportionately affecting low-income communities and communities of color. To envision future climate resilience, government stakeholders and researchers co-produced future scenarios for 2100 in response to climate hazards for NYC during participatory workshops in Fall 2021. A commonly co-produced strategy included urban green infrastructure (UGI) because of its potential to retain runoff and provide cooling benefits. We ask, what are the potential environmental justice implications of ecosystem services provisioned from UGI distribution in the co-produced NYC future scenario compared to a business-as-usual future scenario? To analyze potential outcomes and tradeoffs, we integrated spatially-explicit UGI strategies into simulated land use and cover models. We then assessed two ecosystem services (flood and heat mitigation) using the spatially-explicit tool Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST). We explored potential environmental justice implications by comparing the provision of ecosystem services to sociodemographic indicators within census block groups between scenarios. Presently, ecosystem services are disproportionately lower for communities of color, including predominantly Asian, Black/African-American, and Hispanic/Latino communities. In future scenarios we found ecosystem service provision will decrease within these communities under business-as-usual land development. The future scenario co-produced for extreme heat resilience, however, shows an increase in overall provisioning across NYC, including in neighborhoods with a high proportion of people of color. Our results show that co-produced future scenarios can be used to inform strategic future planning for inclusive adaptation decisions to improve future climate resilience and justice.

极端高温或降水等气候灾害正威胁着纽约市（NYC）当前和未来的宜居性，对低收入社区和有色人种社区的影响尤为严重。为了展望未来的气候适应能力，政府利益相关者和研究人员在 2021 年秋季的参与式研讨会上共同制定了 2100 年纽约市应对气候灾害的未来方案。共同制定的一项战略包括城市绿色基础设施（UGI），因为它具有截留径流和提供降温效益的潜力。我们要问的是，与 "一切照旧 "的未来情景相比，在共同制定的纽约市未来情景中，城市绿色基础设施分布所提供的生态系统服务对环境正义有哪些潜在影响？为了分析潜在的结果和权衡，我们将空间明确的 UGI 策略整合到模拟的土地利用和覆盖模型中。然后，我们使用空间显式工具生态系统服务和权衡综合估值 (InVEST) 评估了两种生态系统服务（洪水和热量缓解）。我们通过比较不同情景下人口普查区块组内生态系统服务的提供与社会人口指标，探讨了潜在的环境正义影响。目前，有色人种社区（主要包括亚裔、黑人/非裔美国人和西班牙裔/拉丁裔社区）的生态系统服务不成比例地较低。在未来情景中，我们发现在 "一切照旧 "的土地开发情况下，这些社区的生态系统服务供应将减少。然而，为抵御极端高温而共同设计的未来情景显示，整个纽约市（包括有色人种比例较高的社区）的总体供应量将增加。我们的研究结果表明，共同制作的未来情景可用于为包容性适应决策的未来战略规划提供信息，以改善未来的气候适应能力和公正性。

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引用次数: 0

Landscapes of thermal inequality: Exploring patterns of climate justice across multiple spatial scales in Spain 热不平等景观：探索西班牙多种空间尺度的气候公正模式

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105255

Szymon Marcińczak , Ricardo Iglesias-Pascual , Dominik Kopeć , Klaudia Wróbel , Veronika Mooses

Over the last four decades, global temperatures have seen a generalized, long-term increase, and Europe is at the forefront of this trend, with temperatures rising by over twice the global average in the past 30 years. And the problem of excessive heat exposure is disproportionately more serious urban areas than it is in rural areas. This study investigates the issue of thermal inequality in Southern Europe, a largely understudied region exposed to substantial heat stress. We selected five major Spanish cities that reflect different socio-demographic and environmental contexts of the country, using the city’s administrative boundaries as our unit of analysis. We used bespoke neighborhoods to investigate heat inequality at multiple spatial scales. To illustrate the relationship between the thermal inequality patterns and the socio-demographic characteristics of neighborhoods, we estimated three separate generalized least squares regression models for each city, with the outcome variable being the average land surface temperature values in bespoke neighborhoods across the three spatial scales: 300 m, 1000 m, and 2000 m. The actual link between heat exposure and neighborhood characteristics appears to be sensitive to the local social, economic, institutional, historical and geographical context. Nonetheless, the connection between heat exposure and residents’ socioeconomic status, as well as the association of neighborhood population density with land surface temperature, seems to maintain consistent significance, often retaining their importance despite the spatial scale of analysis and employed zoning method.

在过去的四十年里，全球气温出现了普遍、长期的上升，而欧洲正处于这一趋势的前沿，在过去的三十年里，气温上升幅度是全球平均水平的两倍多。而与农村地区相比，城市地区的过热问题要严重得多。本研究调查了南欧的热不平等问题，南欧在很大程度上是一个未被充分研究的地区，面临着巨大的热压力。我们选择了西班牙的五个主要城市，这些城市反映了该国不同的社会人口和环境背景，我们以城市的行政边界作为分析单位。我们使用定制街区来调查多个空间尺度上的热不平等问题。为了说明热不平等模式与居民区社会人口特征之间的关系，我们为每个城市分别估算了三个广义最小二乘法回归模型，结果变量为定制居民区在 300 米、1000 米和 2000 米三个空间尺度上的平均地表温度值。热暴露与居民区特征之间的实际联系似乎对当地的社会、经济、制度、历史和地理环境非常敏感。尽管如此，热暴露与居民社会经济地位之间的联系，以及居民区人口密度与地表温度之间的联系，似乎保持着一致的重要性，尽管分析的空间尺度和采用的分区方法不同，但其重要性往往保持不变。

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引用次数: 0

Integrated assessment of urban green infrastructure multifunctionality: Insights from Stavanger 城市绿色基础设施多功能性综合评估：斯塔万格的启示

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105257

Maria Korkou , Ari K.M. Tarigan , Hans Martin Hanslin

Optimised contributions of green infrastructure (GI) to urban ecosystem services are strongly related to its multifunctionality. The challenge, however, is that the concept of multifunctionality still needs to be transformed into an operationalised assessment to evaluate current performance, which is instrumental in supporting spatial planning and policy strategies. Using the case of Stavanger City (Norway), the study conducted a spatial assessment of the multifunctionality of the urban green infrastructure. The study used a comprehensive set of 27 function indicators estimated for each of the 156 spatial units classified by their type, age, size, and biophysical characteristics. Correlation patterns among indicators and how the average and effective multifunctionality related to unit characteristics were analysed using correlation and multivariate approaches.

The study demonstrated weak correlations between function indicators but revealed some potential trade-offs and function bundles. Notably, bundles related to tree cover (e.g. C sequestration, stormwater retention) had negative relationships with facilitation measures. There was a large overlap in functions between GI types associated with public green spaces and parks. Moreover, the characteristics of green infrastructure units, like size and age, primarily affected multifunctionality through effects on function indicators. Regarding the city-wide multifunctionality, we found some turnover and subsetting of functions among units, supporting multifunctionality at larger spatial scales. However, the average contributions from different GI types were similar. The study highlights the need to understand correlation patterns among function indicators and function bundles as critical to benefit from synergies and avoid unintentional trade-offs when designing and managing urban green areas.

绿色基础设施（GI）对城市生态系统服务的最佳贡献与其多功能性密切相关。然而，挑战在于多功能性的概念仍需转化为可操作的评估，以评价当前的性能，这对支持空间规划和政策战略至关重要。本研究以挪威斯塔万格市为例，对城市绿色基础设施的多功能性进行了空间评估。该研究采用了一套全面的 27 项功能指标，对 156 个空间单位的类型、年龄、大小和生物物理特征进行了分类。研究表明，功能指标之间的相关性较弱，但揭示了一些潜在的权衡和功能束。值得注意的是，与树木覆盖相关的功能束（如固碳、雨水滞留）与促进措施呈负相关。与公共绿地和公园相关的绿色基础设施类型在功能上有很大的重叠。此外，绿色基础设施单元的特征，如大小和年龄，主要通过对功能指标的影响来影响多功能性。在全市范围内的多功能性方面，我们发现各单元之间存在一些功能的更替和细分，这支持了较大空间尺度上的多功能性。不过，不同地理信息系统类型的平均贡献是相似的。这项研究强调，在设计和管理城市绿地时，需要了解功能指标和功能束之间的相关模式，这对于从协同效应中获益并避免无意的权衡取舍至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

“I like seeing people, different cultures, and hearing different music”: Exploring adolescent perspectives of inclusive and healthy high-rise and dense urban environment designs "我喜欢看人，喜欢不同的文化，喜欢听不同的音乐"：探索青少年对包容性健康高层建筑和密集城市环境设计的看法

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105252

Adrian Buttazzoni , Lindsey Smith , Ryan Lo , Alexander James David Wray , Jason Gilliland , Leia Minaker

As countries continue to urbanize, an increasing number of adolescents will live in densely populated urban areas, often residing in high-rise buildings. Despite these trends, many high-rises, and their surrounding areas, sparsely consider the needs of adolescents. This results in urban environments that are often ill-suited to sufficiently support the health and development of adolescents. In the present study, we conducted geo-logged and participant-led go-along interviews lasting between 40–120 min and travelling ∼ 1 km, from July-December 2023 to explore how adolescents (13–18 years; n = 22) perceived the inclusiveness and health-promoting qualities of high-rise and densified urban environments. We employed Gehl’s Inclusive Healthy Place Framework (IHPF) to inform our abductive thematic analysis and frame our ensuing discussions via its four guiding principles (i.e., context, process, design and program, sustain). Our findings outline 11 distinct themes highlighting the importance of desirable social and cultural activity options, meaningful local sites, and diversity in the local active use designs and spaces. Conversely, adolescents expressed worries regarding weak social connectivity, poor sanitation, lacking place legibility, and ‘anti-social’ designs. We discuss specific implications for urban design, planning, and health audiences regarding building (e.g., communal space) and neighborhood (e.g., streetscapes with patios) design.

随着各国城市化进程的不断推进，越来越多的青少年将生活在人口稠密的城市地区，他们通常居住在高层建筑中。尽管有这些趋势，但许多高层建筑及其周边地区却很少考虑到青少年的需求。这导致城市环境往往无法充分支持青少年的健康和发展。在本研究中，我们在 2023 年 7 月至 12 月期间进行了地理记录和参与者主导的随行访谈，访谈时间为 40-120 分钟，行程约 1 公里，以探讨青少年（13-18 岁；n = 22）如何看待高层建筑和密集化城市环境的包容性和促进健康的品质。我们采用 Gehl 的 "包容性健康场所框架"（IHPF）进行归纳式主题分析，并通过其四项指导原则（即环境、过程、设计和计划、持续）为接下来的讨论提供框架。我们的研究结果概述了 11 个不同的主题，强调了理想的社会和文化活动选择、有意义的当地场所以及当地活动设计和空间多样性的重要性。与此相反，青少年对薄弱的社会联系、恶劣的卫生条件、缺乏地方可识别性以及 "反社会 "设计表示担忧。我们讨论了城市设计、规划和健康受众对建筑（如公共空间）和社区（如带天井的街景）设计的具体影响。

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引用次数: 0

Multi-species ecological network based on asymmetric movement: Application in an urban rural fringe 基于不对称运动的多物种生态网络：在城乡边缘地区的应用

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105253

Mengyang Wang , Xue-yi You , Shu-ming Zhao

Ecological network (EN) is a popular approach for biodiversity conservation, which aims to facilitate animal movement between habitats. However, asymmetric movement caused by the subjectivity of animals and environment heterogeneity is seldom considered in EN design. To design EN based on asymmetric movement, an individual-based model, PDArunner, is developed, which can identify corridors based on explicit movement paths. Since the urban–rural fringe is susceptible to landscape change, a multi-species EN based on asymmetric movement is designed for Jinnan district, Tianjin, China by simulating movement of Mustela sibirica, Spilopelia chinensis and Gallinula chloropus using PDArunner. Asymmetric movement is partitioned based on the size of departure and arrival habitats. Asymmetric corridors are thus identified based on movement in particular direction. In Jinnan, successful transfer rate of focal species from small to large habitat increases with difference in habitat size. The spatial extent of asymmetric corridors is more concentrated for G. chloropus. There are more corridors from large to small habitats than in the opposite direction, especially for S. chinensis and G. chloropus. There are more one-way corridors for S. chinensis and G. chloropus than M. sibirica. Perceptible high vegetation coverage places with large enough contrast to environment are suggested to be consecutive within 50 m for M. sibirica in Jinnan, which also benefits S. chinensi. G. chloropus can benefit from well-conserved water quality and quantity. A cross-administration collaboration is also highlighted for large scale conservation.

生态网络（EN）是保护生物多样性的一种常用方法，旨在促进动物在栖息地之间的移动。然而，在设计生态网络时，很少考虑动物的主观性和环境的异质性所导致的非对称移动。为了设计基于非对称移动的 EN，我们开发了一个基于个体的模型 PDArunner，它可以根据明确的移动路径识别走廊。由于城乡边缘地带易受地貌变化的影响，因此通过使用 PDArunner 模拟西伯利亚鼬、滇金丝猴和绿孔雀的运动，为中国天津津南区设计了基于非对称运动的多物种环境。根据出发和到达栖息地的大小对非对称运动进行了划分。因此，根据特定方向的移动确定了非对称走廊。在晋南，随着栖息地大小的不同，焦点物种从小栖息地向大栖息地转移的成功率也随之增加。非对称走廊的空间范围更集中于氯斑羚。从大栖息地到小栖息地的走廊多于相反方向的走廊，特别是对中山杉和绿僵菌而言。与西伯利亚鹅掌楸相比，鹅掌楸和鹅掌楸的单向走廊更多。建议在晋南 50 米范围内连续出现植被覆盖率高、与环境反差大的地方，这也有利于金丝猴。水质和水量得到很好的保护，可使绿僵菌受益。跨部门合作也是大规模保护的重点。

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引用次数: 0

The role of urban amenities in facilitating social mixing: Evidence from Stockholm 城市设施在促进社会融合方面的作用：斯德哥尔摩的证据

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105250

Cate Heine , Timur Abbiasov , Paolo Santi , Carlo Ratti

Though the existence of socioeconomic segregation in social interactions has been consistently documented and compared across cities in a growing body of literature, less attention has been paid to within-city analysis of the types of places at which particularly integrated or segregated interactions occur. Dependencies between socioeconomic profile, residential location, preferences and behavior make this kind of analysis difficult. Further, beyond understanding where diverse social interactions take place, it is important to know whether increasing access to those types of spaces via changes to the transportation network can actually increase the level of diversity in social interactions—a more causal question that remains relatively unexplored in the literature. This study presents new perspectives on analyzing social mixing and socioeconomic integration in cities using geolocated cellphone data. Using a call detail record dataset which describes the movements of over one million cell phone users in Stockholm, Sweden, this study quantifies the contribution of access to various types of urban amenities to one’s exposure to people with diverse income levels. Our results provide evidence that areas of the city with more libraries, educational institutions, healthcare establishments, parks and restaurants host more exposures between people who are different from one another in terms of income. Further, we leverage random shocks to the transportation network that come from maintenance-based road closures to identify a causal relationship between access to parks, services and healthcare establishments and experienced income diversity. Temporary, random increases in travel times to these spaces due to road closures result in less diverse day-to-day encounters for urban residents.

尽管在越来越多的文献中，社会经济隔离在社会交往中的存在被不断地记录下来，并在不同城市之间进行比较，但对于城市内部发生特别融合或隔离交往的场所类型的分析却关注较少。社会经济状况、居住地点、偏好和行为之间的依赖关系使得这种分析变得困难。此外，除了了解多样化社会交往的发生地之外，还必须了解通过改变交通网络来增加进入这些类型空间的机会，是否能够真正提高社会交往的多样性水平--这是一个更具因果关系的问题，但在文献中仍相对缺乏研究。本研究提出了利用地理定位手机数据分析城市社会混合和社会经济融合的新视角。本研究利用描述瑞典斯德哥尔摩 100 多万手机用户移动情况的通话详细记录数据集，量化了获得各类城市便利设施对接触不同收入水平人群的贡献。我们的研究结果表明，在城市中拥有较多图书馆、教育机构、医疗机构、公园和餐馆的地区，收入不同的人之间的接触机会更多。此外，我们还利用因道路封闭维修而对交通网络造成的随机冲击，确定了公园、服务机构和医疗机构的使用与收入多样性之间的因果关系。由于道路封闭，前往这些场所的旅行时间会临时、随机地增加，从而导致城市居民的日常接触多样性降低。

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引用次数: 0