Landscape and Urban Planning最新文献_第5页

How urban street-scape visual features influence carbon emissions from residents visiting urban parks: A case study of Shenzhen, China 城市街道景观视觉特征对城市公园居民碳排放的影响——以深圳为例

IF 9.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2025-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105531

Haochun Guan , Wenting Zhang , Bo Huang , Yuan Xu , Wuyang Hong

Given accelerated urbanization and increasing residential mobility, optimizing urban environments to encourage low-carbon travel has attracted considerable attention. However, within complex urban systems, further research is needed to clarify how urban street-scape visual features interact with factors such as residents’ travel distances and origin-point characteristics—thereby influencing low-carbon travel behavior and associated carbon emissions. Taking Shenzhen—a megacity in China—as an example, this research integrates multi-source data to explore the underlying mechanisms influencing residents’ low-carbon travel behaviors. Specifically, we analyzed survey questionnaires collected from 3,976 urban park visitors and utilized deep learning algorithms to extract urban street-scape visual features from 137,000 street-view images. Moreover, localized carbon emission intensities for different transportation modes were applied to estimate the probabilities of residents’ travel mode choices and associated carbon emissions at a spatial grid scale across various urban locations. Our findings indicate that socio-demographic attributes, urban street-scape environmental features, neighborhood environmental characteristics, and travel distance significantly increase the likelihood of residents adopting low-carbon travel behaviors. Additionally, per capita carbon emissions of urban park visitors show a significant negative correlation with the green view index among urban street-scape visual features. Based on these findings, improving street-level green view index can effectively contribute to carbon emission reductions, and prioritizing enhancements in densely populated urban areas can yield even greater emission reduction benefits. This study offers a novel methodology and empirical evidence to support low-carbon development strategies in megacities.

随着城市化进程的加快和居民流动性的增加，优化城市环境以鼓励低碳出行受到了广泛关注。然而，在复杂的城市系统中，城市街景视觉特征如何与居民出行距离和起点特征等因素相互作用，从而影响低碳出行行为和相关碳排放，还需要进一步研究。本研究以中国特大城市深圳为例，整合多源数据，探讨居民低碳出行行为的影响机制。具体而言，我们分析了来自3976名城市公园游客的调查问卷，并利用深度学习算法从13.7万张街景图像中提取城市街景视觉特征。此外，利用不同交通方式的局部碳排放强度，在空间网格尺度上估算不同城市区域居民出行方式选择和相关碳排放的概率。研究发现，社会人口属性、城市街景环境特征、邻里环境特征和出行距离显著增加了居民采取低碳出行行为的可能性。此外，城市公园游客人均碳排放量与城市街道景观视觉特征中的绿色景观指数呈显著负相关。综上所述，提高街道绿化指数可以有效地促进碳减排，在人口密集的城市地区优先加强可以产生更大的减排效益。本研究为支持特大城市的低碳发展战略提供了一种新的方法和经验证据。

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引用次数: 0

Actionable information and climate change awareness drive consumer selection of environmentally beneficial garden plants 可操作的信息和气候变化意识促使消费者选择对环境有益的园林植物

IF 9.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2025-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105522

Caitlin L. McLaughlin , Tijana Blanuša , Ross Cameron , Martin Lukac , Simone Pfuderer , Jacob Bishop

Domestic gardens worldwide cover approximately 15–30 % of residential urban space and with the appropriate plant composition, have potential to help manage urban water flows, regulate temperatures and air-pollution. However, the provision of these regulating ecosystem services depends upon the preferences and willingness of private garden owners to adopt environmentally beneficial planting, with associated traits that confer these benefits. This study tested whether the way information on beneficial plant traits is presented influences taxa choices. In an experimental online survey, participants were divided into two groups: one received only ‘system information’ (basic facts about environmental problems: climate change, urban flooding, and poor air quality, n = 208), while the other also received ‘action-related information’ (how to potentially address environmental problems by choosing plants with certain traits, n = 211). Receiving ‘action-related information’ significantly influenced plant taxa selection; fewer choices were made for ornamental plants without traits that are beneficial for flood or pollution mitigation. Additionally, participants concerned about climate change were more willing to choose environmentally beneficial taxa, regardless of information group. These findings indicate that pro environmental planting choices in domestic gardens can be encouraged by providing actionable information and linking to existing climate change concerns.

世界范围内的家庭花园约占城市住宅空间的15 - 30%，通过适当的植物组成，有可能帮助管理城市水流，调节温度和空气污染。然而，这些调节生态系统服务的提供取决于私人花园所有者采用环境有益种植的偏好和意愿，以及赋予这些好处的相关特征。本研究考察了有益植物性状信息的呈现方式是否会影响分类群的选择。在一项实验性在线调查中，参与者被分为两组：一组只收到“系统信息”（关于环境问题的基本事实：气候变化、城市洪水和糟糕的空气质量，n = 208），而另一组也收到“行动相关信息”（如何通过选择具有某些特性的植物来潜在地解决环境问题，n = 211）。接收“与行动相关的信息”显著影响了植物分类群的选择；没有有利于防洪或减轻污染的特性的观赏植物选择较少。此外，无论信息组如何，关注气候变化的参与者都更愿意选择对环境有益的分类群。这些发现表明，可以通过提供可操作的信息并将现有的气候变化问题联系起来，鼓励家庭花园中亲环境的种植选择。

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引用次数: 0

High-resolution 3D solar potential assessment reveals significant shading-driven overestimation in dense urban areas 高分辨率3D太阳能潜力评估显示，在人口密集的城市地区，遮阳驱动的高估非常明显

IF 9.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105521

Han Wang , Bin Chen , Peng Gong

Accurate assessment of urban solar energy potential is critical for sustainable energy transition but remains challenging due to complex 3D structural shading effects often overlooked in conventional models. This study introduces a novel framework integrating high-resolution LiDAR-derived 3D urban models, satellite-based solar radiation data, and an optimized ray-tracing algorithm to quantify shading, sky occlusion, and reflection dynamics at the city scale. Applied to Hong Kong, a high-density metropolis, the framework reveals that traditional 2D assessments systematically overestimate rooftop solar potential by 17.63 %, primarily due to unaccounted urban morphology effects. Spatial analysis demonstrates significant overestimation in dense urban cores (392.13 kWh/m² on Hong Kong Island; 305.63 kWh/m² in Kowloon) versus lower-density regions (200.53 kWh/m² in New Territories). Furthermore, the Gini coefficient for individual-level solar access increases from 0.69 to 0.73 when incorporating 3D effects, highlighting exacerbated energy inequalities in densely populated areas. Validation against ground stations shows the model reduces RMSE by 18.6 % and MAPE by 29.3 % compared to conventional approaches. These results underscore the critical need for 3D urban solar assessments to optimize photovoltaic placement, mitigate shading losses, and address spatial-energy inequities. The framework provides actionable insights for urban planners and relevant stakeholders to enhance solar accessibility through strategic building design, open-space integration, and equitable renewable energy policies, thereby advancing sustainable and smart city development.

准确评估城市太阳能潜力对可持续能源转型至关重要，但由于复杂的3D结构遮阳效应在传统模型中经常被忽视，因此仍然具有挑战性。本研究引入了一个新的框架，将高分辨率激光雷达衍生的3D城市模型、卫星太阳辐射数据和优化的光线跟踪算法集成在一起，以量化城市尺度上的遮阳、天空遮挡和反射动态。应用于香港这个高密度的大都市，该框架显示，传统的二维评估系统地高估了17.63%的屋顶太阳能潜力，主要是由于未考虑城市形态的影响。空间分析显示，与密度较低的地区（新界200.53 kWh/m2）相比，密度较大的核心城区（港岛392.13 kWh/m2；九龙305.63 kWh/m2）的估值明显过高。此外，考虑三维效应后，个人层面太阳能利用的基尼系数从0.69增加到0.73，凸显了人口密集地区能源不平等加剧。对地面站的验证表明，与传统方法相比，该模型将RMSE降低了18.6%，MAPE降低了29.3%。这些结果强调了对3D城市太阳能评估的迫切需要，以优化光伏布局，减轻遮阳损失，并解决空间能源不平等问题。该框架为城市规划者和相关利益相关者提供了可操作的见解，通过战略性建筑设计、开放空间整合和公平的可再生能源政策来提高太阳能可及性，从而促进可持续和智慧城市的发展。

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引用次数: 0

Normative neighborhoods: does theory match perception? 规范邻域：理论与认知匹配吗？

IF 9.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2025-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105516

Emily Talen , Lydia Wileden , Crystal Bae

Normative theorizing about neighborhoods includes ideals about optimal size, centrality, boundedness and servicing. This is a study of whether these ideals stack up against resident understandings of neighborhood. We conducted a crowd-sourced survey of neighborhoods in Chicago using an online mapping interface where Chicago residents were invited to draw neighborhoods within the city, resulting in a final sample of 5,472 neighborhoods. Survey results were compared against four normative concepts of neighborhood. Resident neighborhoods tended to be much larger than normative theory would suggest. Neighborhood centers – schools, parks, libraries, landmarks, pedestrian retail streets – did not seem to have a strong influence on drawn neighborhoods, and most were not geographically centralized. Elements that would be considered logical boundaries were only partially evident. Servicing was somewhat stronger, but this was in part a function of the large geographic areas many respondent-drawn neighborhood encompassed, which tended to capture a lot of land uses and did not necessarily comport with ideals of clustered amenities and walkable access. We conclude with some thoughts about how the mis-alignment might be explained, and what it implies for the future of neighborhood research and the neighborhood itself as a useful planning concept.

关于社区的规范性理论包括关于最优大小、中心性、有界性和服务的理想。这是一项关于这些理想是否与居民对社区的理解相抵触的研究。我们对芝加哥的社区进行了一项众包调查，使用在线地图界面，芝加哥居民被邀请在城市内绘制社区，最终得到5,472个社区的样本。调查结果与邻里的四个规范概念进行了比较。居民社区往往比规范理论认为的要大得多。社区中心——学校、公园、图书馆、地标建筑、步行街——似乎对吸引人的社区没有很大的影响，而且大多数都不是地理上集中的。被认为是逻辑边界的元素只是部分地明显。服务在某种程度上更强，但这在一定程度上是由于许多被调查者所吸引的社区所包含的大地理区域的功能，这些区域往往占用了大量的土地用途，并不一定符合集群设施和步行通道的理想。我们总结了一些关于如何解释这种错位的想法，以及它对社区研究的未来和社区本身作为一个有用的规划概念的含义。

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引用次数: 0

Growing vegetables: A gateway to biodiversity in domestic gardens? 种植蔬菜：家庭菜园生物多样性的门户？

IF 9.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2025-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105520

Blanche Collard, Quentin Dutertre, Emmanuelle Baudry

As a key representative of ‘nature’ in cities, domestic gardens are the subject of research in several disciplines, including urban ecology and urban agriculture. However, the potential conflicts between two distinct objectives for domestic gardeners, wild biodiversity conservation and vegetable production, are rarely examined. In this study, we investigate whether and how growing vegetables relates to the conservation of biodiversity in domestic gardens. We approached this question using two complementary methods: a nationwide online survey assessing the perceptions and practices of a stratified sample of French gardeners, and a smaller-scale study combining survey data with ecological monitoring of domestic gardens in a suburban area near Paris.

Vegetable gardening remains a common practice in France, with 67% of nationwide surveyed gardeners having a vegetable garden (‘Vegetable gardeners’). Our results revealed no significant conflict between vegetable production and biodiversity conservation among French gardeners. On the contrary, several synergies emerged, particularly in the attitudes of vegetable gardeners, whose commitment to their gardens, the wild species within them, and nature as a whole appeared stronger than that of other gardeners. Synergies also appeared in their practices, such as more frequent planting, which may increase the diversity of ornamental flowers and provide resources for pollinating insects. Our study shows how vegetable gardening is associated with distinct practices, although their effects on biodiversity are neither clearly synergistic nor antagonistic. It thus argues for a more rigorous consideration of food production in urban ecology research on domestic gardens.

作为城市中“自然”的重要代表，家庭花园是城市生态学和城市农业等多个学科的研究对象。然而，国内园丁的两个不同目标之间的潜在冲突，野生生物多样性保护和蔬菜生产，很少被检查。在本研究中，我们调查了在家庭菜园中种植蔬菜是否以及如何与生物多样性保护相关。我们使用两种互补的方法来解决这个问题：一种是全国范围内的在线调查，评估法国园丁的观念和实践，另一种是将调查数据与巴黎附近郊区家庭花园的生态监测相结合的小规模研究。

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引用次数: 0

Examining equity in fuel treatments for wildfire risk mitigation in the United States Forest Service 审查美国林务局减轻野火风险的燃料处理的公平性

IF 9.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2025-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105504

Richelle L. Winkler, Ella Brodowski, Kathy Huerta Sanchez, Kari B. Henquinet, Julia Petersen

This paper used a mixed methods approach to examine whether socially vulnerable populations near U.S. National Forest lands received fuel treatments to reduce wildfire risk. We tested whether the location of recent treatments was related to neighborhood demographics using logistic regression with a National Forest level random intercept and regional fixed effects. Findings showed differential outcomes by race/ethnicity and tribal governance. Tribal lands were about half as likely to be treated, after controlling for biophysical risk, urbanity, land area, National Forest, and region. Neighborhoods with relatively high shares of Hispanic and Black populations were also associated with lower likelihoods of fuel treatment, compared to blocks with lower concentrations of these populations. Qualitative findings from interviews with forest managers, field work, and coding relevant government documents suggested several potential explanations. Resources for doing fuel treatments were limited, and decisions about where to do them were complex, balancing multiple priorities. Forest land management plans, environmental conditions, and environmental regulations guided decision-making about where to do fuel treatments, yet managers had discretion in prioritizing treatment locations. We found no consistent process for integrating social vulnerability– whether and how managers considered vulnerability depended on their personalities, background, and relationships. Some managers dismissed or diminished the importance of considering vulnerability, while others felt there was too much uncertainty and not enough information available to be able to consider populations that might face special risks. Decisions were often made in cooperation with already-invested partners who were knowledgeable about fire risk and could share resources, which may have directed federal resources towards relatively privileged neighborhoods.

本文使用混合方法来研究美国国家森林土地附近的社会弱势群体是否接受了燃料处理以降低野火风险。我们使用具有国家森林水平随机截距和区域固定效应的逻辑回归测试了最近处理的位置是否与社区人口统计学相关。研究结果显示，不同种族/民族和部落治理的结果不同。在控制了生物物理风险、城市化程度、土地面积、国家森林和地区之后，部落土地得到治疗的可能性约为一半。与拉美裔和黑人人口密度较低的街区相比，拉美裔和黑人人口相对较多的街区也存在较低的燃料处理可能性。对森林管理者的访谈、实地工作和对相关政府文件进行编码的定性调查结果提出了几种可能的解释。用于燃料处理的资源是有限的，在哪里进行处理的决定是复杂的，需要权衡多个优先事项。林地管理计划、环境条件和环境法规指导在哪里进行燃料处理的决策，但管理者在优先处理地点方面有自由裁量权。我们没有发现整合社会脆弱性的一致过程——管理者是否以及如何考虑脆弱性取决于他们的个性、背景和关系。一些管理人员不重视或贬低了考虑脆弱性的重要性，而另一些管理人员则认为存在太多的不确定性，而且没有足够的信息来考虑可能面临特殊风险的人口。决策通常是与已经投资的合作伙伴合作做出的，这些合作伙伴了解火灾风险，可以共享资源，这可能会将联邦资源引向相对优越的社区。

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引用次数: 0

The role of vacant lots in promoting avian species diversity and occupancy in a post-industrial city 空地在促进后工业城市鸟类物种多样性和占用方面的作用

IF 9.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105518

Christopher J. Dennison , Amber L. Pearson , Jeffrey O. Hanson , Catherine D. Brown , Rachel T. Buxton

In deindustrialized cities, human population decline and building demolitions have created large quantities of vacant land. Land vacancy is a complex social issue but may create habitat that supports wildlife. We explored the relationship between vacant land and other features of the urban landscape and bird diversity and occupancy in Detroit, Michigan. Acoustic recordings were collected annually in June at 110 sites across 11 Detroit neighbourhoods from 2021 to 2024. At each site we manually scanned 28 min of the morning chorus on two days to identify bird species. We compared resulting metrics of species diversity and occupancy with annual spatial data on neighbourhood characteristics including vacancy, vegetation, buildings, and roads measured in 50 m and 100 m buffers around each recording site. Using a mixed-effects modelling approach, we found higher bird species diversity and richness at recording sites surrounded by greater proportions of vacant land (Shannon diversity, β_{vacantlots100m} = 0.08, 95 % CI [0.04, 0.12]; bird species richness, IRR_{vacantlots100m} = 1.08, 95 % CI [1.04, 1.12]). Using a spatial occupancy modelling approach, we found vacant land was associated with higher occurrence of four bird species. However, other urban features, especially roads, were also associated with bird species diversity and occupancy. Our results suggest vacant land can support higher bird diversity and occupancy in Detroit neighbourhoods, while road infrastructure, buildings, and vegetation also play a role. These findings have implications for land management in Detroit and other deindustrialized cities, where there is increasing pressure to determine how vacant land can be used to achieve positive ecological and social outcomes.

在去工业化的城市，人口的减少和建筑的拆除造成了大量的空地。土地空缺是一个复杂的社会问题，但可能为野生动物创造栖息地。本研究探讨了密歇根州底特律市空地和其他城市景观特征与鸟类多样性和占用率之间的关系。从2021年到2024年，每年6月在底特律11个社区的110个地点收集录音。在每个地点，我们用两天的时间手动扫描了28分钟的早间合唱，以确定鸟类的种类。我们将得到的物种多样性和占用率指标与每个记录点周围50米和100米缓冲区内测量的邻里特征的年度空间数据进行了比较，包括空缺、植被、建筑物和道路。利用混合效应建模方法，我们发现在被较大比例的空地所围绕的记录点，鸟类物种多样性和丰富度更高（Shannon多样性，βvacantlots100米= 0.08,95% CI[0.04, 0.12]；鸟类物种丰富度，irrvacantlots100米= 1.08,95% CI[1.04, 1.12]）。利用空间占用模型方法，我们发现空地与四种鸟类的高发生率相关。然而，其他城市特征，尤其是道路，也与鸟类物种多样性和占用率有关。我们的研究结果表明，底特律社区的空地可以支持更高的鸟类多样性和占用率，而道路基础设施、建筑物和植被也发挥了作用。这些发现对底特律和其他去工业化城市的土地管理具有启示意义，在这些城市，确定如何利用空置土地来实现积极的生态和社会成果的压力越来越大。

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引用次数: 0

Do new urban parks really improve green equity? A longitudinal analysis of Shanghai (2000–2020) 新的城市公园真的能改善绿色权益吗？上海市2000-2020年的纵向分析

IF 9.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2025-10-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105519

Yang Xiao, Leiting Cen

This study examines a critical question: Do new urban parks truly enhance green equity? We analyzed urban park developments in Shanghai between 2000 and 2020 to evaluate their impact on spatial green equity. In several areas, newly constructed parks attracted more residents, resulting in increased competition for access within 40.5% of census tracts. A multilevel logistic regression model revealed that in certain contexts, the construction of new parks can actually worsen green equity. Our findings identify the emergence of a new green paradox in China, akin to the Downs-Thomson paradox, in which improvements to public resources inadvertently reduce their accessibility or effectiveness due to rising demand—a phenomenon we term the “green equity paradox.” This outcome underscores the unintended consequences of contemporary urban green space planning practices and highlights the necessity for a more dynamic and equitable approach to achieve genuine spatial equity.

本研究探讨了一个关键问题：新的城市公园真的能提高绿色公平吗？本文分析了2000 - 2020年上海城市公园发展对空间绿色公平的影响。在一些地区，新建的公园吸引了更多的居民，导致40.5%的人口普查区竞争加剧。多层逻辑回归模型显示，在特定环境下，新建公园实际上会恶化绿色公平。我们的研究发现在中国出现了一种新的绿色悖论，类似于唐斯-汤姆森悖论，即公共资源的改善由于需求的增加而无意中降低了它们的可及性或有效性——我们将这种现象称为“绿色公平悖论”。这一结果强调了当代城市绿色空间规划实践的意想不到的后果，并强调了采用更有活力和更公平的方法来实现真正的空间公平的必要性。

引用次数: 0

Identifying key areas of managing landscape use conflicts among ecotourism stakeholders in national parks 确定管理国家公园生态旅游利益相关者之间景观使用冲突的关键领域

IF 9.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2025-10-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105515

Yuxi Zeng , Linsheng Zhong , Yurui Li

Understanding the differences in preferences among ecotourism stakeholders and the resulting landscape use conflicts is crucial for promoting the sustainable development of national parks. This study presents the LUCES framework for identifying key areas in managing landscape use conflicts between tourists, local residents and tour enterprises, using the Yellow-river-source National Park (YNP) as a case study. The results indicate that the potential conflict map corresponds to 74% of the actual conflict locations identified through public participation geographic information systems, confirming the effectiveness of the LUCES framework. The differences in preferences for ecosystem services among the three stakeholder groups significantly influence the formation of conflict patterns. The majority of conflicts (58%) in YNP occur between tourists and local residents, with tourism enterprises aligning with tourists. Only 0.02% of conflicts involve all three groups. Four villages (including Zhalinghu, Jiangpang, Aying, and Tanggema) were identified as key areas for managing landscape use conflicts. This study enhances the identification of landscape use conflicts among stakeholders, deepens the understanding of landscape use conflicts, and supports informed decision-making for effective conflict management and sustainable landscape practices.

了解生态旅游利益相关者之间的偏好差异以及由此产生的景观使用冲突对于促进国家公园的可持续发展至关重要。本研究以黄河源国家公园（YNP）为例，提出了LUCES框架，用于识别管理游客、当地居民和旅游企业之间景观使用冲突的关键区域。结果表明，潜在冲突地图与公众参与地理信息系统确定的74%的实际冲突地点相对应，证实了LUCES框架的有效性。三个利益相关者群体对生态系统服务偏好的差异显著影响了冲突模式的形成。在YNP中，大多数冲突（58%）发生在游客与当地居民之间，旅游企业与游客站在一起。只有0.02%的冲突涉及到这三个群体。四个村庄（包括扎陵湖、江浜、阿营和唐格玛）被确定为管理景观使用冲突的重点区域。本研究增强了利益相关者对景观利用冲突的识别，加深了对景观利用冲突的理解，并为有效的冲突管理和可持续的景观实践提供了明智的决策支持。

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引用次数: 0

Compositional novelty of plant, fungal and bacterial communities across urban habitats 植物、真菌和细菌群落在城市生境中的组成新颖性

IF 9.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105517

Eduardo Fernández-Pascual , Zuzana Ferencova , Víctor González-García , Borja Jiménez-Alfaro

Understanding urban community novelty can help to predict the rewilding potential of vacant urban spaces, facilitating their integration into biodiverse cities. We tested the hypothesis that cities are composed of different degrees of ecological novelty by studying four urban habitats with differing degrees of management and human legacy: park lawns, roadsides, residential vacant lots, and industrial vacant lots. We focused on community compositional novelty by comparing the plant, fungal and bacterial species composition between urban habitats and two reference pre-urban habitats: forests and meadows. We used a compositional novelty index based on multidimensional ordination, which is straightforward to calculate and only requires species co-occurrence data for urban and reference habitats. As expected, (1) plants displayed the highest novelty and bacteria the lowest; (2) urban communities were markedly different from forests and relatively more similar to meadows; and (3) compositional novelty was highest in industrial lots. Managed park lawns, which we had expected to be highly novel, were relatively close to hay meadows. The lowest novelty was recorded in residential vacant lots, which had biological communities that more closely resembled those of pre-urban habitats. Our results highlight the effect of habitat type as a major driver of urban community composition and novelty. This suggests that city biodiversity can be enhanced by an integrative approach to the urban landscape that favors habitat heterogeneity by passive rewilding of park lawns, non-intervention on residential vacant lots, direct restoration of industrial lots, and conservation of natural and agricultural habitat remnants as sources of native species.

了解城市社区的新颖性有助于预测空置城市空间的重建潜力，促进它们融入生物多样性的城市。我们通过研究公园草坪、路边、住宅空地和工业空地四种不同管理程度和人类遗产的城市栖息地，验证了城市由不同程度的生态新新性组成的假设。我们通过比较城市栖息地和两个参考前城市栖息地：森林和草甸的植物、真菌和细菌物种组成来关注群落组成的新颖性。我们使用了基于多维排序的成分新颖性指数，该指数计算简单，只需要城市和参考栖息地的物种共现数据。结果表明：(1)植物新颖性最高，细菌新颖性最低；(2)城市群落与森林群落差异显著，与草甸群落较为相似；(3)工业地块的构图新颖性最高。我们原以为管理的公园草坪是非常新颖的，但它离干草草地相对较近。新颖性最低的是居住空地，那里的生物群落更接近于城市前的栖息地。我们的研究结果强调了生境类型是城市社区组成和新颖性的主要驱动因素。这表明，通过对城市景观的综合处理，通过被动地恢复公园草坪，不干预住宅空地，直接恢复工业用地，保护自然和农业栖息地遗迹作为本地物种的来源，有利于生境异质性，可以增强城市生物多样性。

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引用次数: 0