Landscape and Urban Planning最新文献_第4页

Insufficient space: Prioritizing large tree species and planting designs still fail to meet urban forest canopy targets 空间不足：优先考虑大型树种和种植设计仍然不能满足城市森林冠层的目标

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2024-12-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105287

Paticia Rettondini Torquato, Christopher Szota, Amy K. Hahs, Stefan K. Arndt, Stephen J. Livesley

The benefits associated with urban forests have led municipalities to set ambitious canopy cover targets to be achieved over the next few decades. Identifying tree species and planting strategies that can achieve these targets is crucial. We applied species-specific tree crown growth models for 20 species commonly planted in Melbourne, Australia to simulate canopy cover increase in newly developed residential suburb over 30 years (2025–2055). Tree species selection and planting strategies were simulated under high and low rainfall. The default strategy represented current tree species selection and planting practices. The two alternative strategies i) occupied all available street planting spaces prioritizing the planting of large crown species at maturity, and ii) occupied all available street planting spaces, maximizing the number of trees planted. Both the default strategy and maximising the number of trees planted achieved 11–15 % canopy cover after 30 years. Prioritising planting trees with large crowns at maturity achieved 16–22 % canopy cover after 30 years. Low rainfall reduced canopy cover in all scenarios by 4–6 %. Increasing the number of species with a large crown at maturity will likely achieve higher canopy cover. However, canopy cover targets will be difficult to achieve unless tree planting on private property increases.

城市森林带来的好处促使市政当局制定了雄心勃勃的林冠覆盖目标，希望在未来几十年内实现。确定能够实现这些目标的树种和种植策略至关重要。本文以澳大利亚墨尔本20种常见树种为研究对象，应用树种特异性树冠生长模型，模拟了30年（2025-2055年）新开发住宅郊区冠层盖度的增长。模拟了高、低降雨条件下的树种选择和种植策略。默认策略代表了当前的树种选择和种植实践。两种策略：(1)占据所有可用的街道种植空间，优先种植成熟的大型冠状树种；(2)占据所有可用的街道种植空间，最大限度地增加树木的种植数量。默认策略和最大化树木种植数量在30年后都实现了11 - 15%的树冠覆盖率。优先种植成熟期树冠大的树木，30年后树冠覆盖率达到16 - 22%。低降雨量使所有情景下的冠层盖度减少4 - 6%。增加成熟期大冠的物种数量可能会获得更高的冠层覆盖。然而，除非增加在私人土地上植树，否则很难达到树冠覆盖的目标。

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引用次数: 0

Nature in nature-based solutions in urban planning 城市规划中基于自然的自然解决方案

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105282

Fabiano Lemes de Oliveira

There has been a surge of academic studies on nature-based solutions in the last decades, reflecting the growing view that nature can help us address the climate and the ecological crises. While definitions of nature-based solutions are commonly referenced in the literature, “nature” itself is rarely defined. This article investigates the ideas of nature in nature-based solutions discourses in urban planning and argues that unpacking their connotations is crucial for a more precise and locally sensitive development of planning for humans and more-than-humans. The findings reveal that “nature” is often used abstractly or through proxies such as ecosystem services or biodiversity. Although the place-specificity of NBS is recognized in the literature, local definitions and values of nature are not sufficiently included, which can compromise the long-term uptake of NBS. The study further highlights the growing recognition of the plural values of nature and the potential for ecocentric approaches to challenge the anthropocentric underpinnings of NBS. The article concludes that unpacking the often-diverging meanings of nature is paramount for a more conscious development of NBS research in planning theory and practice, enhancing the effectiveness, inclusivity, and environmental justice of NBS initiatives and their effective mainstreaming. By embracing plural definitions of nature and fostering a deeper understanding of human-nature relationships, NBS research can support more sustainable, resilient, and equitable urban futures.

在过去的几十年里，关于基于自然的解决方案的学术研究激增，反映出越来越多的人认为自然可以帮助我们解决气候和生态危机。虽然基于自然的解决方案的定义通常在文献中被引用，但“自然”本身很少被定义。本文研究了城市规划中基于自然的解决方案话语中的自然理念，并认为揭示其内涵对于更精确、更本地敏感的人类和超越人类的规划发展至关重要。研究结果表明，“自然”经常被抽象地使用，或者通过生态系统服务或生物多样性等代理来使用。虽然在文献中认识到国家统计局的地方特异性，但没有充分包括当地的定义和自然价值，这可能会影响国家统计局的长期吸收。该研究进一步强调了人们日益认识到自然的多元价值，以及生态中心方法对国家统计局的人类中心主义基础提出挑战的潜力。本文的结论是，揭示自然的不同含义对于在规划理论和实践中更有意识地发展国家统计局研究，增强国家统计局举措的有效性、包容性和环境正义，并有效地将其纳入主流至关重要。通过对自然的多元定义和促进对人与自然关系的更深入理解，国家统计局的研究可以支持更可持续、更有弹性和更公平的城市未来。

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引用次数: 0

A hybrid framework for assessing outdoor thermal comfort in large-scale urban environments 评估大规模城市环境中室外热舒适度的混合框架

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105281

Siqi Jia , Yuhong Wang , Nyuk Hien Wong , Qihao Weng

Given the challenges posed by rapid urbanization and global warming, outdoor thermal comfort has become crucial for urban livability. However, there is a lack of field survey-based research on large-scale thermal comfort assessment across continuous urban spaces. To address this gap, this study developed a framework for assessing outdoor thermal comfort. A total number of 668 onsite observations from field studies during the daytime on typical summer days were collected and used for model development. The sites were distributed in diverse local climate zones (LCZs) of Hong Kong, enabling the prediction of outdoor thermal comfort across the city under different urban settings. A neural network model was trained for predicting daytime outdoor thermal comfort based on both meteorological and morphological variables. Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) was used to indicate objective measures of human thermal comfort. The model was then applied to wider urban layouts and dynamic climatic conditions. The results revealed that during extreme hot conditions, approximately 74.8% of areas experienced strong to extreme heat stress, with thermal sensations classified as hot or very hot, while the remaining 25.3% fell under moderate heat stress. High levels of thermal stress were observed in urban layouts of low-rise buildings, with LCZ 3 showing the highest extreme heat stress percentage at 61.3%, followed closely by LCZ 6 at 57.6%. In both LCZs, over 90% of areas faced strong to extreme thermal stress. These findings are crucial for identifying urban regions with high thermal stress. The framework could be valuable for cities with similar climate and geographical contexts.

考虑到快速城市化和全球变暖带来的挑战，室外热舒适已经成为城市宜居性的关键。然而，基于现场调查的大尺度连续城市空间热舒适评价研究尚缺乏。为了解决这一差距，本研究开发了一个评估室外热舒适的框架。在典型的夏季白天，收集了668个实地研究的现场观测数据，并将其用于模型开发。这些站点分布在香港不同的本地气候带（lcz），可以预测不同城市环境下整个城市的室外热舒适。建立了基于气象和形态变量的室外热舒适预测神经网络模型。通用热气候指数（UTCI）是人类热舒适的客观指标。然后将该模型应用于更广泛的城市布局和动态气候条件。结果表明，在极端高温条件下，约74.8%的地区经历了强烈到极端热应激，热感觉分为热或非常热，其余25.3%的地区处于中等热应激状态。低层建筑的城市布局中存在高水平的热应力，其中lcz3的极端热应力百分比最高，为61.3%，其次是lcz6，为57.6%。在这两个lccs中，超过90%的地区面临强至极端热应力。这些发现对于确定高热应力的城市区域至关重要。该框架对气候和地理环境相似的城市可能很有价值。

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引用次数: 0

Urban equity of park use in peri-urban areas during the Covid-19 pandemic 2019冠状病毒病大流行期间城郊地区公园使用的城市公平性

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2024-12-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105269

Yangyi Wu , Yehua Dennis Wei , Meitong Liu , Ivis García

Studies of parks underscore the significance of park equity, considering both its quantity and quality. However, the vulnerability of peri-urban communities, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic concerning park utilization, goes beyond what objective assessments of access and quality can capture. Based on a multidimensional and comparative framework and combining objective evaluation and subjective perceptions and demands, this study explores park equity within Salt Lake City during COVID-19, spotlighting variations between urban and peri-urban areas. The analysis identifies pronounced regional disparities in park equity measures. The southern peri-urban community is identified as a disadvantaged group regarding accessibility by traditional spatial measures, yet their own perception of accessibility remains optimistic. While the urban center and west peri-urban groups generally share similar objective accessibility indices, their perceptions vary, and a discernible west-east disparity in park quality emerges, especially in terms of amenities. The analysis of demands and preferences also shows that western residents have a higher need for essential infrastructure enhancements to offset their current underdeveloped parks. The COVID-19 pandemic further magnified these disparities, emphasizing western communities’ vulnerabilities as they are more likely to be affected by quality perception issues than the other two groups. Additionally, the intricate and non-linear dynamics of park visitation choices during the pandemic highlight the necessity for a cross-disciplinary synthesis in urban planning paradigms.

公园的研究强调了公园公平的重要性，从数量和质量两个方面考虑。然而，城郊社区的脆弱性，特别是在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间，超出了对可及性和质量的客观评估所能捕捉到的范围。本研究基于多维比较框架，结合客观评价和主观感知与需求，探讨了2019冠状病毒病疫情期间盐湖城公园的公平性，突出了城市和城郊地区之间的差异。分析表明，在公园公平措施方面存在明显的地区差异。通过传统的空间测量，南部近郊社区在可达性方面被确定为弱势群体，但他们自己对可达性的看法仍然乐观。虽然城市中心和西部城郊群体普遍具有相似的客观可达性指标，但他们的感知却存在差异，并且在公园质量方面出现了明显的东西差异，特别是在设施方面。对需求和偏好的分析也表明，西部居民对基本基础设施的改善有更高的需求，以抵消他们目前不发达的公园。2019冠状病毒病大流行进一步扩大了这些差距，凸显了西方社区的脆弱性，因为他们比其他两个群体更容易受到质量认知问题的影响。此外，大流行期间公园游客选择的复杂和非线性动态突出了跨学科综合城市规划范式的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

An audience segmentation study of native plant gardening behaviors in the United States 美国本土植物园艺行为的受众细分研究

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2024-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105272

Veronica M. Champine , Kaiya Tamlyn , Megan S. Jones , Meena M. Balgopal , Brett Bruyere , Jennifer N. Solomon , Rebecca M. Niemiec

Audience segmentation can be used to identify target audiences in environmental public engagement and communication, but few studies have used segmentation to study biodiversity conservation behavior. This study used segmentation to better understand perceptions and behaviors around different types of actions related to native plant gardening. With a United States representative survey (n = 1,200), we measured beliefs and intentions to engage in personal-sphere (i.e., individual), social diffusion (i.e., encouraging others to act), and civic action behavior (e.g., voting). A latent class analysis (LCA) revealed four distinct groups within the population: Disengaged, Potential Adopters, Potential Amplifiers, and Potential Advocates. Each class comprised approximately one-quarter of the United States population. We found that certain groups are more receptive to personal-sphere behavior, while others may be more receptive to social diffusion behavior or civic action behavior. The groups varied by key distinguishing characteristics: perceptions around civic action, previous personal-sphere and social diffusion behavior, and intentions to engage in personal-sphere action. Findings revealed opportunities to create tailored public engagement strategies to engage different groups in urban biodiversity conservation behavior.

受众细分可以用来识别环境公众参与和传播中的目标受众，但很少有研究将受众细分用于研究生物多样性保护行为。本研究使用分割来更好地理解围绕与原生植物园艺相关的不同类型行动的感知和行为。通过一项美国代表性调查（n = 1200），我们测量了参与个人领域（即个人）、社会扩散（即鼓励他人行动）和公民行动行为（如投票）的信念和意图。潜在阶级分析（LCA）揭示了人群中四个不同的群体：不参与群体、潜在采用者、潜在放大者和潜在倡导者。每个阶层大约占美国人口的四分之一。我们发现，某些群体更容易接受个人领域行为，而另一些群体可能更容易接受社会扩散行为或公民行动行为。这些群体在关键的显著特征上有所不同：对公民行动的看法，以前的个人领域和社会扩散行为，以及参与个人领域行动的意图。研究结果揭示了创建量身定制的公众参与策略以吸引不同群体参与城市生物多样性保护行为的机会。

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引用次数: 0

Dietary diversification of an insect predator along an urban-rural gradient 城乡梯度下昆虫捕食者的膳食多样化

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2024-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105273

Carolin Scholz , Tobias Teige , Kevine P. Ngoufack Djoumessi , Sascha Buchholz , Fabienne Pritsch , Aimara Planillo , Christian C. Voigt

Urbanisation generally leads to a loss of taxonomic and functional diversity in almost all animal taxa, yet a mosaic of highly variable habitats within the urban matrix could offer a diversity of insect prey to highly mobile predators such as bats. We therefore asked if insect-feeding bats change in trophic interactions along rural–urban gradients.

We predicted that the diet of common noctule bats (Nyctalus noctula) diversifies with increasing levels of urbanisation and that urban bats include more pest and nuisance insect species than rural conspecifics.

Using metabarcoding of faecal samples over three years of sampling, we observed a more diverse diet in urban compared with rural noctule bats. Furthermore, urban bats consumed more than twice as many agricultural pests and six times as many nuisance insects as their rural conspecifics. Finally, insect species richness in the diet decreased with increasing levels of sealed surface and vegetation cover at the sampling site.

We argue that a highly mobile bat species such as the noctule bat compensate for the lower abundance of insects in urban areas by foraging over relatively large spatial scales, including adjacent rural areas. A high proportion of pest and nuisance insects highlights the importance of urban bats for providing important ecosystem services to humans. Urban planning needs to consider maintaining and establishing dark flight corridors and a diversity of habitats to support urban bat populations.

城市化通常会导致几乎所有动物类群的分类和功能多样性的丧失，然而，在城市矩阵中，高度可变的栖息地可以为蝙蝠等高度移动的捕食者提供多样化的昆虫猎物。因此，我们想知道食虫蝙蝠是否会沿着乡村-城市梯度改变营养相互作用。

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引用次数: 0

Urban tree diversity fosters bird insectivory despite a loss in bird diversity with urbanization 城市树木多样性促进鸟类食虫，尽管鸟类多样性随着城市化而丧失

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2024-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105274

Laura Schillé , Alain Paquette , Gabriel Marcotte , Hugo Ouellet , Swane Cobus , Luc Barbaro , Bastien Castagneyrol

Urbanization is one of the main drivers of biotic homogenization in bird communities worldwide. Yet, only a few studies have addressed its functional consequences on the top-down control birds exert on insect herbivores. We hypothesized that their inconsistent results reflect the overlooked heterogeneity of the urban habitat for birds, and in particular the distribution and diversity of urban trees.

We monitored tree diversity, bird diversity, avian predation attempts on artificial prey, and the effect of bird exclusion on insect herbivory in 97 trees distributed among 24 urban experimental plots in the city of Montreal, Canada. We characterized urbanization levels through a combination of variables related to tree density, impervious surfaces, anthropic noise, and human population density.

Bird diversity decreased with increasing urbanization, whereas the frequency of generalist synurbic species increased. We found no significant relationship between predation and urbanization or between predation and bird diversity. However, tree diversity was positively correlated with predation attempts on artificial prey, irrespective of bird diversity.

We revealed a mismatch between the effects of urbanization on bird diversity and on the regulation service and unraveled the functional importance of tree diversity in shaping the avian predation function in urban ecosystems. Our study advocates for the consideration of intra-urban heterogeneity in the investigation of trophic cascades within cities.

城市化是全球鸟类群落生物同质化的主要驱动因素之一。然而，只有少数研究探讨了其对鸟类对食草昆虫自上而下控制的功能影响。我们假设他们不一致的结果反映了被忽视的城市鸟类栖息地的异质性，特别是城市树木的分布和多样性。

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引用次数: 0

Pollinator gardening is constrained by income but not lot size in urban front yards 城市前院的传粉者园艺受收入限制，但不受地块大小的限制

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105271

Atticus W. Murphy , Elizabeth E. Crone

Flower gardens can create valuable habitat for urban pollinators, but little is known about the existing spatial pattern of gardens on the landscape, or factors associated with the decision to plant a flower garden. We mapped the distribution of front yard flower gardens compared to four other front yard landscaping types (lawn, shrubs, non-vegetated, and weeds) across 86,429 addresses in Greater Boston, MA, USA using Google Street View. We complemented these data with on-the-ground surveys at a stratified random subset of 519 yards. We hypothesized that census tracts with higher incomes would have higher flower garden frequencies and that these gardens would have higher species richness, and that census tracts with larger lots would also have higher flower garden frequencies and species richness. Yards identified as flower gardens using Google Street View contained around double the cultivated floral species richness of lawns and more than any other yard type. However, flower gardens were infrequent in front yards, and were a substantial front yard cover type in only 2.3 % of yards. Flower garden frequency and cultivated species richness were greater with higher census tract income, both consistent with the luxury effect hypothesis. However, higher-income lots also had more lawns and fewer spontaneous (weedy) species. Surprisingly, flower gardens had higher frequencies in census tracts with smaller lots. In our region, flower gardening appears to be constrained by income or education but not lot size, pointing to the potential role of small urban lots as a target for pollinator habitat.

花园可以为城市传粉者创造宝贵的栖息地，但人们对花园在景观中的现有空间格局或与种植花园的决定相关的因素知之甚少。我们使用谷歌街景绘制了美国大波士顿地区86,429个地址的前院花园分布图，并与其他四种前院景观类型（草坪、灌木、非植被和杂草）进行了比较。我们在519码的分层随机子集中进行实地调查，以补充这些数据。我们假设收入高的人口普查区有更高的花园频率，这些花园有更高的物种丰富度，而面积大的人口普查区也有更高的花园频率和物种丰富度。使用谷歌街景识别为花园的庭院包含的栽培花卉种类丰富度是草坪的两倍左右，比任何其他类型的庭院都多。然而，前院很少有花园，只有2.3%的院子有大量的前院覆盖类型。人口普查区收入越高，园林频率和栽培物种丰富度越高，两者都符合奢侈效应假说。然而，收入较高的地块也有更多的草坪和更少的自然（杂草）物种。令人惊讶的是，在面积较小的人口普查区，花园的出现频率更高。在我们的地区，花卉园艺似乎受到收入或教育程度的限制，但不受地块大小的限制，这表明小型城市地块作为传粉媒介栖息地的潜在作用。

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引用次数: 0

Revealing future effectiveness of protected areas for biodiversity conservation in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area 揭示粤港澳大湾区生物多样性保护区的未来效益

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2024-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105260

Fengze Lin , Mingjian Zhu , Xinyi Dong , Shiyu Ling , Bo Luan , Guoliang Pan

The biodiversity of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) is increasingly under threat due to anthropogenic stressors and climate change challenges, despite 15.72% of the landscape being planned as protected areas (PAs). The uncertain risks of high-density urban sprawl and sea level rise pose challenges for future biodiversity conservation in the GBA. To effectively gauge the impact of PAs for biodiversity conservation, it’s imperative to delve into not only the pattern but the process of biodiversity. Adopting a dynamic view for biodiversity assessment, our study established a synergistic approach within a systematic conservation planning framework, focusing on comprehensively assessing the future conservation effectiveness of PAs. Four modeling techniques were integrated in the process to estimate conservation priorities under various future scenarios: SLAMM and Dyna-CLUE projected future land-use changes, MaxEnt predicted shifts in habitat suitability for key species, and Zonation identified conservation priorities thereby. The results indicated a potential shift in conservation priorities over time from inland to coastal areas across different cities in the GBA, highlighting the substantial mismatches between current PAs and high-priority areas in Guangdong and the urgency for prompt conservation actions. Moreover, our findings revealed that proposed PA system has not sufficiently prioritized wetland conservation, nor has it effectively conserved amphibian, plant and bird species. Our study provided a dynamic and comprehensive evaluation of biodiversity in the GBA and offered insightful conservation recommendations, thus demonstrating a viable approach for assessing and enhancing future conservation initiatives in similar contexts.

尽管有15.72%的粤港澳大湾区景观被规划为保护区，但由于人为压力和气候变化的挑战，粤港澳大湾区（GBA）的生物多样性正日益受到威胁。高密度城市扩张和海平面上升的不确定性风险对大湾区未来生物多样性保护构成挑战。为了有效地评估保护区对生物多样性保护的影响，不仅要深入研究生物多样性的模式，而且要深入研究生物多样性的过程。本研究采用动态的生物多样性评估观点，在系统的保护规划框架内建立了协同方法，重点对保护区未来的保护效果进行了综合评估。在此过程中，采用了四种建模技术来估计不同未来情景下的保护优先事项：slam和Dyna-CLUE预测未来土地利用变化，MaxEnt预测关键物种栖息地适宜性的变化，Zonation确定保护优先事项。研究结果表明，随着时间的推移，大湾区不同城市的保护重点可能从内陆地区向沿海地区转移，凸显了广东现有保护区与高优先区域之间的严重不匹配，以及迅速采取保护行动的紧迫性。此外，我们的研究结果表明，所提出的PA系统没有充分重视湿地的保护，也没有有效地保护两栖动物、植物和鸟类。我们的研究对大湾区生物多样性进行了动态和全面的评估，并提出了有见地的保护建议，从而为在类似背景下评估和加强未来的保护举措提供了可行的方法。

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引用次数: 0

A greener Green Belt? Co-developing exploratory scenarios for contentious peri-urban landscapes 更环保的绿带？共同开发有争议的城市周边景观的探索性场景

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105268

Matthew G. Kirby , Alister J. Scott , Claire L. Walsh

Peri-urban landscapes experience conflicting land-use demands from co-occurring urban–rural drivers. In England, Green Belts are urban containment policies which impact on the peri-urban in isolation from the wider landscapes they cover. Green Belts’ endurance in planning policy have resulted in a contentious and politicised policy arena, under significant scrutiny. Whilst research has shown heterogeneous supplies of ecosystem services existing in Green Belts, it is unclear how and whether Green Belts as landscapes may change in the future beyond their urban containment bounds. Though participatory scenarios have been extensively applied to landscape planning, they have not to English Green Belts. Addressing these gaps, a cross-sector stakeholder workshop was held to co-develop exploratory Green Belt landscape scenarios nationally in 20 years’ time. Three scenarios: “Intensify & Diversify”, “Build-Build-Build” and “Multifunctional” were framed on a governance-functionality axis, identifying future drivers, impacts and assumptions. The scenarios reveal Green Belts are under increased pressure from multiple land-uses, societal demands, and policies, many of which are in conflict, stemming from either a prioritisation or balancing of these demands through varying governance mechanisms. Stakeholder critiques and visions reveal a substantial cross-sector consensus for more (multi)functional Green Belts in England, including as “strategic urban support landscapes” to adapt and mitigate threats associated with climate change. Finally, complementary landscape photo-visualisations of “fictitious” landscapes were produced, aided by artificial intelligence, highlighting the growing potential of these tools to support landscape research. This use of fictional landscapes extends the applicability of our results to peri-urban areas experiencing comparable contexts and drivers, such as Western and Northern European regions.

城市周边景观经历了城乡共同驱动因素的土地使用需求冲突。在英国，绿带是城市遏制政策，它对城市周边地区的影响与它们所覆盖的更广泛的景观隔离开来。“绿带”在规划政策上的持久性导致了一个有争议和政治化的政策舞台，受到了严格的审查。虽然研究表明，绿化带中存在异质性的生态系统服务供应，但目前尚不清楚作为景观的绿化带在未来如何以及是否会超出其城市遏制范围而发生变化。虽然参与式场景已被广泛应用于景观规划中，但尚未应用于英国绿化带。为了解决这些差距，举办了一个跨部门利益相关者研讨会，共同开发20年后全国绿带景观的探索性方案。三种情况：“加强& &；“多样化”、“建设-建设-建设”和“多功能”以治理-功能为轴心，确定了未来的驱动因素、影响和假设。这些情景表明，绿带面临着来自多种土地用途、社会需求和政策的越来越大的压力，其中许多是相互冲突的，这源于通过不同的治理机制来优先考虑或平衡这些需求。利益相关者的批评和愿景揭示了一个重要的跨部门共识，即在英格兰建立更多（多）功能的绿化带，包括作为“战略城市支持景观”，以适应和减轻与气候变化相关的威胁。最后，在人工智能的帮助下，制作了“虚拟”景观的互补景观照片可视化，突出了这些工具支持景观研究的日益增长的潜力。这种虚构景观的使用将我们的结果扩展到具有类似背景和驱动因素的城郊地区，如西欧和北欧地区。

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引用次数: 0