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Greening the city: An analysis of socio-spatial disparities through urban gardening practices in Lille and Lyon (France)
IF 7.9 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105298
Amélie DESCHAMPS
Over the past three decades, urban gardening initiatives have proliferated in cities. The community garden has emerged as a global model for participatory urban greening. To date, few studies have engaged on greening licenses. These schemes have emerged in French cities along community gardens to green the interstices of urban space, such as the feet of trees or holes in pavements. The role of urban gardening in reducing urban environmental injustice is debated in the literature. The cities of Lille and Lyon (France) were selected for study to investigate the geographical distribution of participatory greening initiatives according to the socio-economic profile of neighbourhoods. By comparing the location of community gardens and greening licenses, the role of institutional and associative frameworks in making these schemes accessible to the population was highlighted. A mixed methodology combining statistical and cartographic analysis with qualitative fieldwork was employed. The findings suggest an uneven distribution of greening initiatives in the two cities. The concentration of greening licenses in neighbourhoods with higher average incomes than those hosting community gardens highlights the barriers to participation faced by the most disadvantaged sections of the population. However, the concentration of community gardens managed by charities in these neighbourhoods emphasises the fact that one of the conditions for environmental justice is to support initiatives in working-class neighbourhoods with specific policies. Our results provide useful insights for policymakers on the types of support that should be implemented to ensure that participatory greening initiatives benefit as many people as possible and do not perpetuate urban social and environmental injustice.
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引用次数: 0
Monitoring sustainability of urban agriculture: Who is going to do it and how? 监测都市农业的可持续性:谁来做,怎么做?
IF 7.9 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105300
Sebastian Eiter , Wendy Fjellstad , Loes Van Schaik
Urban agriculture is often considered a tool to increase the economic, social and environmental sustainability of cities and city food systems. However, sustainability is difficult to measure, resulting in debate about how sustainable urban agriculture truly is. There is therefore a lack of incentive to promote urban agriculture or protect existing initiatives that are threatened by development pressure on urban land. Monitoring the sustainability impact of urban agriculture could provide evidence and enable politicians and decision makers to make informed decisions about whether and where to prioritise different forms of urban agriculture above competing interests.
We used case examples from five European cities to identify the challenges involved in monitoring urban agriculture, from selecting indicators and gathering data, to using the results. We found large differences in approach in terms of what topics to monitor and who was responsible, who gathered the data and when, what data was recorded and how they were stored, and how findings were disseminated or published. Based on these experiences, we recommend stronger involvement of existing interest groups and educational institutions in monitoring urban agriculture, and promotion of convenient tools for data collection by citizen science and for long-term data storage.
城市农业通常被认为是提高城市和城市粮食系统的经济、社会和环境可持续性的工具。然而,可持续性很难衡量,这导致了关于城市农业真正可持续程度的争论。因此,缺乏促进都市农业或保护受到城市土地发展压力威胁的现有倡议的动力。监测城市农业的可持续性影响可以提供证据,使政治家和决策者能够做出明智的决定,决定是否以及在哪里优先考虑不同形式的城市农业,而不是相互竞争的利益。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of urbanisation, habitat characteristics, and management on garden pond biodiversity: Findings from a large-scale citizen science survey 城市化、生境特征和管理对园林池塘生物多样性的影响:来自大规模公民科学调查的结果
IF 7.9 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105299
Zsuzsanna MÁRTON , Barbara BARTA , Csaba F. VAD , Beáta SZABÓ , Andrew J. HAMER , Vivien KARDOS , Csilla LASKAI , Ádám FIERPASZ , Zsófia HORVÁTH
The rapid expansion of urban areas often leads to degradation, fragmentation, and loss of natural habitats, threatening biodiversity. While urban ponds might contribute substantially to the biodiversity of urban blue-green infrastructure, the role of garden ponds is still largely unknown. We lack a comprehensive understanding of how local habitat features, different forms of management, and urbanisation might impact the biodiversity of these habitats. This study aimed to reveal the importance of garden ponds via a country-wide online citizen science survey in Hungary, Central Europe. Data from over 800 pond owners revealed the occurrence and local frequency of various native animal taxa (amphibians, odonates, and birds), and introduced animals (e.g., fish). We collected data about pond features and management practices. We tested the effects of pond features, pond management, and landscape-level drivers (urbanisation, surrounding wetland coverage) on the presence of conspicuous animal taxa (adult amphibians and tadpoles, birds, odonates) to identify the potential drivers of the biodiversity of garden ponds. Key pond features including pond age, area, aquatic and shoreline vegetation were the most important factors, while algaecide addition was the most influential management practice negatively affecting amphibian presence. Urbanisation negatively affected the presence of adult amphibians and their tadpoles, but it was not associated negatively with the presence of odonates and birds. Our results indicate the high potential to utilise garden ponds as urban habitats surveyed with the help of the public. Developing effective urban biodiversity monitoring and conservation strategies are necessary for a better functioning blue-green infrastructure. The high level of engagement of pond owners, as in our survey, can create valuable data for achieving these aims.
城市地区的迅速扩张往往导致自然栖息地的退化、破碎化和丧失,威胁到生物多样性。虽然城市池塘可能对城市蓝绿色基础设施的生物多样性做出了重大贡献,但花园池塘的作用在很大程度上仍然未知。我们对当地栖息地的特征、不同形式的管理和城市化如何影响这些栖息地的生物多样性缺乏全面的了解。本研究旨在通过中欧匈牙利全国范围的在线公民科学调查揭示花园池塘的重要性。来自800多个池塘所有者的数据揭示了各种本地动物分类群(两栖动物、齿形动物和鸟类)和引进动物(如鱼类)的发生和本地频率。我们收集了有关池塘特征和管理措施的数据。我们测试了池塘特征、池塘管理和景观水平驱动因素(城市化、周围湿地覆盖)对显眼动物类群(成年两栖动物和蝌蚪、鸟类、齿形动物)存在的影响,以确定花园池塘生物多样性的潜在驱动因素。塘龄、面积、水生植被和岸线植被是影响水塘主要特征的最重要因素,而除藻剂的添加是影响水塘两栖动物存在的最主要管理措施。城市化对成年两栖动物及其蝌蚪的存在产生负面影响,但与齿形动物和鸟类的存在没有负相关。我们的研究结果表明,在公众的帮助下,花园池塘作为城市栖息地的潜力很大。制定有效的城市生物多样性监测和保护战略对于更好地发挥蓝绿基础设施的作用是必要的。在我们的调查中,池塘所有者的高参与度可以为实现这些目标创造有价值的数据。
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引用次数: 0
Spatially-optimized greenspace for more effective urban heat mitigation: Insights from regional cooling heterogeneity via explainable machine learning 空间优化绿地,更有效地减缓城市热量:通过可解释的机器学习洞察区域降温异质性
IF 7.9 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105296
Shuliang Ren , Zhou Huang , Ganmin Yin , Xiaoqin Yan , Quanhua Dong , Junnan Qi , Jiangpeng Zheng , Yi Bao , Shiyi Zhang
Urban greenspaces (UGS) are increasingly recognised as crucial for mitigating urban heat exposure in advancing sustainable development goals. However, limited understanding of spatial heterogeneity in cooling effects hinders optimizing UGS benefits. Moreover, most studies focus solely on relationship exploration, lacking comprehensive assessment frameworks for practical decision-making. We propose a data-driven framework that combines machine learning with local interpretability and benefit evaluation to analyze spatial heterogeneity, guide spatial decisions, and assess decision cooling benefits (measured as reduced population exposure to land surface temperature extremes). Using Beijing as a case study, we investigated UGS cooling effects’ nonlinear impacts and spatial heterogeneity and validated the effectiveness of spatial decisions incorporating such heterogeneity. Our findings reveal that: (1) Beyond greenspace coverage, the spatial configuration and morphology of UGS significantly mitigate urban heat exposure; (2) All UGS landscape indicators exhibit nonlinear and threshold effects, with their cooling efficiency varying across areas due to interactions with regional environmental factors; (3) The spatial inequality in cooling benefits exceeds that of UGS indicator distribution; (4) Integrating regional heterogeneity of cooling benefits to prioritise optimal areas can more than double mitigation benefits (when only 10% of areas can be optimised). The proposed framework achieves equivalent benefits while optimizing only 40% of the region compared to random methods. This study advances the understanding of greenspace benefits from distribution heterogeneity to cooling effect heterogeneity. These insights emphasize the importance of considering regional heterogeneity in urban spatial planning, providing theoretical and practical support for enhancing urban sustainability and resident well-being through UGS.
城市绿地(UGS)越来越被认为是缓解城市热暴露和推进可持续发展目标的关键。然而,对冷却效应的空间异质性的有限理解阻碍了UGS效益的优化。此外,大多数研究只关注关系探索,缺乏实际决策的综合评估框架。我们提出了一个数据驱动的框架,将机器学习与当地可解释性和效益评估相结合,以分析空间异质性,指导空间决策,并评估决策冷却效益(以减少人口暴露于地表极端温度来衡量)。本文以北京市为例,研究了地下震源降温效应的非线性影响和空间异质性,并验证了考虑这种异质性的空间决策的有效性。研究结果表明:①除了绿地覆盖外,城市绿地的空间结构和形态还显著缓解了城市热暴露;(2)各UGS景观指标均表现出非线性和阈值效应,降温效率因区域环境因子的相互作用而存在区域差异;(3)降温效益的空间不均匀性大于UGS指标分布的空间不均匀性;(4)综合降温效益的区域异质性,优选最优区域,可使降温效益增加一倍以上(当只有10%的区域可优化时)。与随机方法相比,所提出的框架只优化了40%的区域,却获得了同等的效益。本研究将绿地效益从分布异质性提升到降温效应异质性。这些见解强调了在城市空间规划中考虑区域异质性的重要性,为通过UGS提高城市可持续性和居民福祉提供了理论和实践支持。
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引用次数: 0
Combining spatial clustering and spatial regression models to understand distributional inequities in access to urban green spaces 结合空间聚类和空间回归模型,了解城市绿地使用权的分布不平等问题
IF 7.9 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105297
Bruno Vargas Adorno , Rafael H.M. Pereira , Silvana Amaral
Proximity to urban green spaces offers numerous benefits, sparking increased research and policy interest in equitable access for different population groups. While spatial analyses evaluate access to urban green space, previous studies overlook fine-grained spatial disparities, needed for targeted urban planning. Spatial clustering models (Local Indicators of Spatial Association – LISA) group values significantly higher and lower than the average in the geographic space. In turn, spatial regression (Geographically Wheigted Regression – GWR) reveals the strength and direction of the correlation between variables across space. Here, we investigate whether and how the combination of both types of models helps examine distributional green equity. We show how combining LISA and GWR gives a more nuanced understanding of distributional green equity. We apply this approach to Goiânia, Brazil, with an empirical analysis of access to three categories of green spaces: tree cover, herb-shrub, and public green spaces. Using open-source methods and tools, we examine variations in accessibility for black people, women, and people of different age, literacy, and income groups. We used a new accessibility metric accounting for the size/area of green spaces, walking times and competition for accessing green spaces. The analyses revealed access disparities by population group and green space category identifying specific regions in the city and population groups with consistently limited access to urban green spaces, guiding planners with refined information to prioritize green space interventions where they are most likely needed. This method enables targeted, equitable urban planning that fosters inclusive access to green spaces for diverse communities.
靠近城市绿地提供了许多好处,激发了对不同人口群体公平获取的研究和政策兴趣。虽然空间分析评估了城市绿地的可及性,但以前的研究忽略了有针对性的城市规划所需要的细粒度空间差异。空间聚类模型(Local Indicators of Spatial Association - LISA)在地理空间上的分组值显著高于和低于平均值。反过来,空间回归(地理加权回归- GWR)揭示了变量之间跨空间相关性的强度和方向。在这里,我们研究了两种模型的组合是否以及如何帮助检查分配绿色公平。我们展示了将LISA和GWR结合起来如何更细致地理解分配的绿色权益。我们将这一方法应用于巴西goi尼亚,对三种类型的绿地(树木覆盖、草本灌木和公共绿地)的可及性进行了实证分析。使用开源方法和工具,我们研究了黑人、女性和不同年龄、文化水平和收入群体的人在可访问性方面的变化。我们使用了一种新的可达性指标来衡量绿色空间的大小/面积、步行时间和进入绿色空间的竞争。分析揭示了人口群体和绿地类别的可及性差异,确定了城市中特定区域和人口群体对城市绿地的可及性一直有限,指导规划者利用精确的信息优先考虑最可能需要的绿地干预措施。这种方法可以实现有针对性的、公平的城市规划,为不同的社区提供包容性的绿色空间。
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引用次数: 0
Solution to what? Global assessment of nature-based solutions, urban challenges, and outcomes 解决什么问题?基于自然的解决方案、城市挑战和结果的全球评估
IF 7.9 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105294
Meng Li, Roy P. Remme, Peter M. van Bodegom, Alexander P.E. van Oudenhoven
In response to multiple societal challenges faced in cities, nature-based solutions (NbS) are gaining prominence as means to support sustainable and resilient urban planning. However, NbS are being implemented in cities around the globe without comprehensive evidence on their effectiveness in addressing urban challenges. Based on a systematic mapping methodology, we synthesized 547 empirical cases of NbS in 197 cities globally, yielding 799 outcomes encompassing biodiversity, health well-being, and regulating ecosystem services. To structure this evidence we developed an urban NbS classification and categories of urban challenges and outcomes. Effectiveness of NbS was assessed through synthesizing which urban challenges are addressed by NbS, which outcomes are generated, and how these outcomes perform compared to alternative solutions. Our analysis suggests that specific urban challenges were mostly linked to closely related outcomes, but rarely to multiple outcomes. Specifically, forests & trees and general parks were commonly used to enhance health and well-being, while grassland and gardens were applied to mitigate biodiversity loss. Furthermore, urban NbS generally yielded positive effects compared to non-NbS, particularly in relation to microclimate mitigation and mental health outcomes. However, we note a scarcity of evidence on multifunctional NbS, especially on studies that report multiple outcomes related to biodiversity and well-being simultaneously. Our study provides a foundation for further understanding NbS effectiveness and can inform urban planners and policymakers with measurable evidenced-based targets for the application of NbS.
为应对城市面临的多重社会挑战,基于自然的解决方案(NbS)作为支持可持续和弹性城市规划的手段日益受到重视。然而,全球各地的城市都在实施国家统计局,但没有全面的证据表明它们在应对城市挑战方面的有效性。基于系统的制图方法,我们综合了全球197个城市的547个国家统计局的实证案例,得出了799个结果,包括生物多样性、健康福祉和调节生态系统服务。为了构建这一证据,我们开发了城市国家统计局分类和城市挑战和结果的类别。通过综合国家统计局解决了哪些城市挑战,产生了哪些结果,以及与替代解决方案相比这些结果的表现,评估了国家统计局的有效性。我们的分析表明,具体的城市挑战大多与密切相关的结果相关,但很少与多重结果相关。具体来说,森林& &;树木和一般公园通常用于增进健康和福祉,而草地和花园则用于减轻生物多样性的丧失。此外,与非国家统计局相比,城市国家统计局总体上产生了积极影响,特别是在小气候缓解和心理健康结果方面。然而,我们注意到缺乏关于多功能国家统计局的证据,特别是同时报告与生物多样性和福祉相关的多个结果的研究。我们的研究为进一步了解国家统计局的有效性提供了基础,并可以为城市规划者和政策制定者提供可衡量的基于证据的国家统计局应用目标。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing the impact of homeowner associations’ pro-environmental codes, covenants, and restrictions on member yards 评估业主协会的环保法规、契约和对成员庭院的限制的影响
IF 7.9 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105295
Madeline F. Carr , Daniel Boyd Kramer , David Drake
Homeowner’s associations (HOAs) use their codes covenants, and restrictions (CCRs) to regulate yard composition. A small but growing number of HOAs include clauses in their CCRs with pro-environmental aims. This study assessed the effect of native plant requirement and lawn restriction pro-environmental clauses (PECs) on yard composition. Using front yard surveys, we found a greater mean percent cover of native species in PEC yards (29.51%) compared to non-PEC yards (6.94%) and less mean percent lawn cover in PEC yards (38.44%) than non-PEC yards (68.04%). While these results suggest that PECs are an opportunity for enhancing conservation behaviors of homeowners, we recommend further studies explore the language of PECs, homeowner knowledge of native plants and sustainable landscaping practices, and developer or HOA roles in supporting homeowners.
房主协会(hoa)使用他们的规范契约和限制(ccr)来规范院子的组成。为数不多但数量不断增加的居屋协议在其核心责任协议书中加入环保条款。本研究评估了原生植物需求和草坪限制亲环境条款(PECs)对庭院组成的影响。通过前院调查,我们发现PEC庭院的平均本土物种覆盖率(29.51%)高于非PEC庭院(6.94%),而PEC庭院的平均草坪覆盖率(38.44%)低于非PEC庭院(68.04%)。虽然这些结果表明PECs是提高房主保护行为的一个机会,但我们建议进一步研究PECs的语言,房主对本地植物和可持续园林绿化实践的了解,以及开发商或HOA在支持房主方面的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Preferring Local over Non-Local Parks? Green Space Visit Patterns by Urban Residents in Desert Cities, Arizona 本地公园比非本地公园更受欢迎?亚利桑那州沙漠城市居民的绿地访问模式
IF 7.9 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105292
Jieun Kim, Youngjae Won, Yushim Kim, Elizabeth Corley
This study investigates whether residents in urban neighborhoods use nearby green spaces more frequently than distant ones. Using mobile phone tracking data from 2019, we analyzed visitation patterns to green spaces within walking distance of residence (i.e., local parks) in the Phoenix-Mesa urbanized area, Arizona, USA. Key findings include: (1) about 40% of neighborhoods with available local parks did not prioritize local park use, (2) both accessibility measures and neighborhood social composition were significantly associated with frequent local park use by residents, and (3) the association between the percentage of Hispanic residents and local park use varied non-linearly based on access to local parks (proximity and average size). We conclude by discussing the implications of these findings for urban green space planning and equity considerations.
这项研究调查了城市居民是否比远处的居民更频繁地使用附近的绿地。利用2019年的手机跟踪数据,我们分析了美国亚利桑那州凤凰城-梅萨城市化地区步行距离内的绿地(即当地公园)的访问模式。主要发现包括:(1)约40%拥有当地公园的社区没有优先考虑当地公园的使用;(2)可达性措施和社区社会构成与居民频繁使用当地公园显著相关;(3)西班牙裔居民百分比与当地公园使用之间的关系基于对当地公园的可及性(邻近程度和平均规模)呈非线性变化。最后,我们讨论了这些发现对城市绿地规划和公平考虑的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Urban heat mitigation through misting, and its role in broader blue infrastructure portfolios 通过雾化减少城市热量,以及它在更广泛的蓝色基础设施组合中的作用
IF 7.9 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105290
Xinjie Huang , Elie Bou-Zeid , Jennifer K. Vanos , Ariane Middel , Prathap Ramamurthy
Evaporative misters have long been used in urban spaces for heat mitigation, yet their thermal stress impacts and optimal operating conditions have not been fully explored. To fill this gap, we develop a misting model and embed it into an urban canopy model for the first time. Our tests confirm that misters can considerably reduce maximum urban canyon air temperature (up to 17.5 °C) and human skin temperature (up to 0.48 °C) in a hot and dry city (Phoenix, AZ). They continue to effectively reduce thermal stress, albeit with half of the cooling benefits, in a hot and humid city (Houston, TX). These thermal stress impacts are contingent upon wind speeds: the optimal wind speeds generally fall within an intermediate range—from light air (with low mist flow rates) to a moderate breeze (with higher mist flow rates). We then incorporate misting into a broader comparison of blue cooling strategies, including irrigation (on vegetation) and sprinkling (on pavements). With abundant water resources, sprinkling on asphalt and misting are the most effective cooling solutions, particularly suitable for middays and late afternoons, respectively. To balance cooling benefits with limited water resources, we propose a thermostatic control scheme that can save at least 10.5 m3/day of water compared to continuous misting for a 100-m stretch of street, equivalent to the water demand of about 20 Phoenix residents. Notably, misting and sprinkling generate rapid cooling in under 10 min with sufficient flow rates, demonstrating their potential as fast activation measures during extreme heat emergencies.
长期以来,人们一直在城市空间中使用蒸发雾来缓解热量,但其热应力影响和最佳运行条件尚未得到充分探索。为了填补这一空白,我们开发了一个雾化模型,并首次将其嵌入到城市冠层模型中。我们的测试证实,在炎热干燥的城市(亚利桑那州凤凰城),喷雾可以显著降低城市峡谷的最高空气温度(高达17.5°C)和人体皮肤温度(高达0.48°C)。在炎热潮湿的城市(德克萨斯州休斯顿),它们继续有效地减少热应力,尽管只有一半的冷却效果。这些热应力影响取决于风速:最佳风速通常落在一个中间范围内——从轻风(雾流率低)到微风(雾流率高)。然后,我们将雾化纳入更广泛的蓝色冷却策略的比较,包括灌溉(在植被上)和喷洒(在人行道上)。由于水资源丰富,洒沥青和喷雾是最有效的冷却方案,特别适用于中午和下午晚些时候。为了平衡冷却效益和有限的水资源,我们提出了一个恒温控制方案,与100米长的街道连续雾化相比,至少可以节省10.5立方米/天的水,相当于约20名凤凰城居民的用水需求。值得注意的是,喷雾和喷洒可以在10分钟内以足够的流量快速冷却,这表明它们在极端高温紧急情况下作为快速激活措施的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
How sensory stimuli and barrier-free environments through restorative environmental perception influence visually impaired Individuals’ satisfaction with urban parks 恢复性环境知觉的感官刺激和无障碍环境如何影响视障个体对城市公园的满意度
IF 7.9 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105293
Minhui Lin, Xinyun Lin, Yajun Wang
The well-being and holistic development of visually impaired individuals (VII) are fundamental requisites for constructing more inclusive cities, and they necessitate the provision of environments that are more conducive to the habitation of the VII. The restorative experiences of the VII within urban parks play a pivotal role in fostering their physical and mental health; however, this domain has received relatively little scholarly attention. Hence, this study, which is grounded in theories of restorativeness and sensory compensation, adopted Guangzhou, China, as its contextual background. It employs a mixed-methods approach that incorporates both online and offline questionnaire surveys to gather data on the perceptual experiences of 448 VII in urban parks. This study constructed a “stimulus-cognition-attitude” model to investigate the interrelationships among sensory stimuli, perceptions of a barrier-free environment, restorative environmental perception, and satisfaction.
The study’s findings validated the seven hypotheses: sensory stimuli and a barrier-free environment influence the restorative environmental perception and satisfaction among VII. Moreover, restorative environmental perception influences satisfaction while acting as a partial mediator not only between sensory stimuli and satisfaction but also between perceptions of a barrier-free environment and satisfaction. Additionally, this research introduced kinesthesia as the sixth sense, which, following touch, exerts a significant influence on the perception of VIIs. Furthermore, being away exerts the greatest influence on the perception of a restorative environment for VIIs.
Accordingly, this study provides insights for urban public sectors seeking to develop green spaces with enhanced restorative benefits and a more inclusive atmosphere, thereby contributing to evidence-based policy and design decisions that promote inclusivity and well-being for the VII within city parks.
视障人士的福祉和全面发展是建设更具包容性的城市的基本条件,因此需要提供更有利于视障人士居住的环境。城市公园内VII的恢复性体验对促进其身心健康起着关键作用;然而,这一领域受到的学术关注相对较少。因此,本研究以恢复性和感官补偿理论为基础,选择中国广州作为研究背景。它采用了一种混合方法,结合线上和线下问卷调查来收集城市公园中448 VII的感知体验数据。本研究构建“刺激-认知-态度”模型,探讨感官刺激、无障碍环境知觉、恢复性环境知觉与满意度之间的关系。
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