Landscape and Urban Planning最新文献_第6页

Narratives of exclusion: A photovoice study towards racial equity and justice in public urban greenspaces 排斥叙事：在城市公共绿地中实现种族公平与正义的摄影选言研究

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105233

Nadha Hassen

Introduction

During the COVID-19 pandemic, public urban greenspaces were sought as places of respite. However, deep inequities surfaced regarding who had access to safe high-quality greenspaces. The Park Perceptions and Racialized Realities study explored the experiences of racialized people in public urban greenspaces in Toronto, Canada.

Methods

This qualitative, community-based participatory action research took place in two neighbourhoods. Adapting photovoice methodology, participants were invited to (a) go on two individual greenspace visits, taking photographs in response to prompts on their experiences, and (b) participate in an online semi-structured interview to debrief their photographs and experiences. Eighteen racialized participants took over 200 photographs and videos, which were collaboratively thematically analysed by a community working group. This approach informed a deeper thematic analysis focused on racial justice and equity.

Results and discussion

Findings were mapped onto four environmental justice principles: distributional, procedural, recognitional, and restorative. This framework allowed for findings to contribute to environmental justice discourse on urban greenspaces, leverage Critical Race Theory, and offer action-oriented considerations for greenspace design and planning that center racialized experiences.

Conclusions

Racialized residents enjoy using public urban greenspaces but face barriers, including unequal provision, limited access, maintenance inequities, exclusion from design and planning processes and unmet needs. Greenspace planning often neglects lived experiences and reinforces systemic inequities derived from racism, falling into the same traps and tensions that Critical Race Theory has identified in other disciplines such as colorblindness, interest convergence and structural determinism. A critical race lens provides a critical, justice-oriented framework for improving equity in greenspaces.

在 COVID-19 大流行期间，人们寻求城市公共绿地作为休憩场所。然而，在谁能使用安全优质绿地的问题上却出现了严重的不平等。公园认知与种族化现实》研究探讨了种族化人群在加拿大多伦多城市公共绿地中的体验。

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引用次数: 0

Comment on: “Mapping the climate risk to urban forests at city scale” by Esperon-Rodriguez et al. 评论Esperon-Rodriguez 等人撰写的 "绘制城市规模的城市森林气候风险图"。

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105248

Greg R. Guerin , Stephen J. Livesley , Stefan K. Arndt , Christopher Szota

With the bulk of the global population now living in cities, creating a cool, green refuge through extensive urban forests is a priority. However, we are concerned that tree species currently growing in our cities may not tolerate future climates. Esperon-Rodriguez et al. (2024) recently presented an estimate of ‘climate risk’ for a given tree species in a given location using a climate safety margin, based on the difference between the current climate of that city and the realized climate niche of that tree species globally. We attempted to validate this method by relating safety margin estimates with hydraulic vulnerability, a key plant functional trait linked to tree species drought tolerance. However, we found no relationship and therefore caution against the use of climate-based, safety margin methods of assessing urban tree species suitability or climate risk without further context. To develop a robust method of validation, we suggest greater focus on establishing urban forest inventory and tree health data in future climate analogue cities.

目前，全球大部分人口居住在城市，因此，通过广泛种植城市森林来营造凉爽的绿色避难所已成为当务之急。然而，我们担心目前生长在城市中的树种可能无法适应未来的气候。最近，Esperon-Rodriguez 等人（2024 年）提出了一种利用气候安全系数估算特定地点特定树种 "气候风险 "的方法，其依据是该城市当前气候与该树种在全球范围内实现的气候生态位之间的差异。我们试图通过将安全系数估计值与水力脆弱性（一种与树种耐旱性相关的关键植物功能特性）联系起来来验证这种方法。然而，我们发现两者之间没有任何关系，因此我们提醒在没有进一步背景资料的情况下，不要使用基于气候的安全系数方法来评估城市树种的适宜性或气候风险。为了开发一种可靠的验证方法，我们建议在未来的气候模拟城市中更加注重建立城市森林资源和树木健康数据。

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引用次数: 0

The role of peri-urban parks in enhancing urban green spaces accessibility in high-density contexts: An environmental justice perspective 城郊公园在提高高密度环境下城市绿地可达性方面的作用：环境正义视角

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105244

Lu Shan , Shenjing He

Recent years have seen an increasing emphasis on peri-urban parks (PUPs) in urban green spaces (UGS) development, However, little is known about how PUPs moderate overall UGS accessibility and contribute to environmental justice, particularly for high-density cities. To address this salient gap, the present study examines the overall urban green space accessibility, the moderating effects of PUPs, and the heterogeneous and dynamic perception of these effects across diverse social groups in Hong Kong between 2000 and 2020. The results demonstrate that PUPs significantly reshape the UGS accessibility pattern across different time catchments, manifested by mitigating or even reversing the disparity between urban core and peripheral areas. For the moderating effect of PUPs, despite the general trend of reduced inequalities, recent years have witnessed an increase in the inequalities between urban districts. The findings further reveal the diverse benefits derived from PUPs for different population groups and neighborhoods. Women, the elderly, low-income groups, highly educated groups, and ethnic minorities tend to benefit less from PUPs, while children and local residents experience greater advantages. Larger households and nuclear family households have increasingly relied on PUPs, while households with housing advantages (larger size and homeownership) also enjoy more significant benefits. Notably, socio-economically disadvantaged and aging neighborhoods have experienced less and diminishing benefits from PUPs. This research offers comprehensive evidence to enhance the understanding of the relationship between peri-urban and urban parks and their impact on environmental justice, thus better informing equity-orientated UGS planning and policy-making.

近年来，城市绿地发展越来越重视城郊公园，但人们对城郊公园如何调节城市绿地的整体可达性以及如何促进环境正义却知之甚少，尤其是在高密度城市。为填补这一空白，本研究考察了 2000 年至 2020 年间香港不同社会群体的城市绿地整体可达性、公共停车设施的调节作用以及对这些作用的异质性和动态感知。研究结果显示，私人公园和公共绿地极大地重塑了不同时间集水区的城市绿地可达性模式，缓解甚至逆转了城市核心和边缘地区之间的差距。至于公共停车设施的调节作用，尽管不平等现象总体上呈减少趋势，但近年来城市地区之间的不平等现象却有所加剧。研究结果进一步揭示了公共停车设施为不同人群和社区带来的不同益处。妇女、老年人、低收入群体、高学历群体和少数族裔往往从公用事业中获益较少，而儿童和当地居民则受益更多。人口较多的家庭和核心家庭越来越依赖公用事业单位，而拥有住房优势（面积较大和拥有住房）的家庭也能享受到更多好处。值得注意的是，社会经济条件较差的社区和老龄化社区从公用事业单位获得的好处较少，而且越来越少。这项研究提供了全面的证据，有助于人们更好地理解城郊公园和城市公园之间的关系及其对环境正义的影响，从而更好地为以公平为导向的城市公园规划和决策提供信息。

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引用次数: 0

River invertebrate biodiversity benefits from upstream urban woodland 上游城市林地造福河流无脊椎动物生物多样性

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105251

Yueming Qu , Michael Hutchins , Alice Fitch , Andrew C. Johnson

In urban environments, invertebrate communities are subjected to a broad mixture of impacts, including diffuse pollution. Pollutant mixtures and habitat degradation can combine to apply stress on community diversity. Water quality is influenced by the assemblage and mosaic of catchment land cover. Amongst a wider suite of Nature-Based Solutions, the value of urban woodland is increasingly recognized as having potential to support a range of ecosystem services. Despite an increasing focus on establishing urban woodland for aquatic conservation, its actual influence is yet to be manifested. Therefore, we explored trees’ location in riparian and upstream catchment, within and outside of the urban area. We conducted a combination of systematic literature review and statistical analysis to better understand the woodland influence. Despite the wide range of bioindicators studied and broad worldwide spectrum of geo-climatic regimes covered, literature evidence for benefits were found in at least half the cases. With a focus on the overall family richness and the sensitive orders Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera family richness as bioindicators, the statistical analysis comprised a national study in England covering 143 sites with substantial urban cover, totaling 4226 invertebrate community observations over 30 years. Two satellite-derived land cover maps were used to enable discrimination between urban and extra-urban woodland. The analysis supported the literature evidence that impervious land had negative effects and woodland positive effects. In the urban and upstream catchment, woodland was more important than pasture or cropland. There was some evidence of those woodland effects being more advantageous when trees are located within the urban area itself. Benefits attributable to woodland were distinctly apparent against a backdrop of improving macroinvertebrate diversity found to be synchronous with long-term reductions in urban pollution signatures. The presence of sparse land, even in small amounts, was detrimental to macroinvertebrate diversity. These areas of low vegetative cover might be detrimental due to high sediment input and legacy industrial contamination. Given the increasing accessibility of land cover data, the approach adopted in this case study is applicable elsewhere wherever macroinvertebrate community data are also available.

在城市环境中，无脊椎动物群落受到包括弥散污染在内的多种影响。污染物混合物和栖息地退化会对群落多样性造成压力。水质受到集水区土地覆盖的组合和镶嵌的影响。在一系列更广泛的基于自然的解决方案中，城市林地的价值日益被认为具有支持一系列生态系统服务的潜力。尽管人们越来越重视建立城市林地以保护水生生物，但其实际影响尚未显现。因此，我们探讨了树木在河岸和上游集水区、城区内外的位置。我们结合系统的文献综述和统计分析，以更好地了解林地的影响。尽管所研究的生物指标范围很广，所涵盖的地理气候系统也遍布全球，但至少有一半的案例都有文献证据证明树木的益处。统计分析的重点是作为生物指标的总体科类丰富度和敏感目蜉蝣目、褶翅目和翘翅目科类丰富度，包括在英格兰进行的一项全国性研究，该研究覆盖了 143 个有大量城市覆盖的地点，在 30 年内共观测到 4226 个无脊椎动物群落。研究使用了两张卫星衍生土地覆盖图，以区分城市林地和城市外林地。分析结果支持文献证据，即不透水土地有负面影响，而林地有正面影响。在城市和上游集水区，林地比牧场或耕地更重要。有证据表明，当树木位于城市区域内时，这些林地效应更为有利。在大型无脊椎动物多样性不断改善的背景下，林地带来的好处显而易见。稀疏土地的存在，即使数量很少，也不利于大型无脊椎动物多样性的提高。这些植被覆盖率低的区域可能是由于沉积物输入量大和遗留的工业污染造成的。鉴于土地覆被数据越来越容易获取，本案例研究采用的方法适用于其他地方，只要有大型无脊椎动物群落数据。

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引用次数: 0

A novel method of urban landscape perception based on biological vision process 基于生物视觉过程的城市景观感知新方法

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105246

Yuehao Cao , Peifeng Yang , Miao Xu , Minmin Li , You Li , Renzhong Guo

Urban landscape perception is essential for understanding the interaction between individuals and the built environment, impacting urban space quality improvement. This study bridges the gap in comprehending the mechanisms, processes, and content of landscape perception that previous studies have not fully addressed. By integrating urban landscape studies with the biological vision process, a new theoretical framework is proposed, which includes an index system with 4 dimensions: color features, landscape elements, spatial forms, and landscape imagery, consisting of 30 indicators. Furthermore, a novel method leveraging Large Vision Models for color analysis, semantic segmentation, object detection, and depth prediction is introduced. This method allows for the accurate extraction of objective features of urban landscapes and uses the Random Forest to analyze the nonlinear relationships between objective features and subjective perceptions. An empirical study conducted in Chongqing demonstrates that color features and spatial forms significantly influence landscape perception, similar to the landscape elements. Moreover, ablation experiments demonstrate that our approach, based on the biological vision process, improves accuracy and fit compared to existing methods. This study elucidates crucial factors affecting landscape perception, refines and generalizes perception methods, and aids planners in navigating complex scenarios, contributing to the practical application and widespread adoption of landscape perception in urban planning.

城市景观感知对于理解个人与建筑环境之间的互动、影响城市空间质量的改善至关重要。本研究弥补了以往研究在理解景观感知的机制、过程和内容方面的不足。通过将城市景观研究与生物视觉过程相结合，提出了一个新的理论框架，其中包括一个由色彩特征、景观元素、空间形式和景观意象 4 个维度组成的指标体系，包含 30 个指标。此外，还介绍了一种利用大型视觉模型进行色彩分析、语义分割、物体检测和深度预测的新方法。该方法可准确提取城市景观的客观特征，并利用随机森林分析客观特征与主观感受之间的非线性关系。在重庆进行的实证研究表明，色彩特征和空间形式对景观感知有显著影响，与景观要素类似。此外，消融实验证明，与现有方法相比，我们基于生物视觉过程的方法提高了准确性和拟合度。这项研究阐明了影响景观感知的关键因素，完善并推广了感知方法，有助于规划师驾驭复杂场景，从而推动景观感知在城市规划中的实际应用和普及。

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引用次数: 0

Neighborhood environmental conditions and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic: A network analysis in Hong Kong adults COVID-19大流行期间的邻里环境条件与幸福感：香港成年人的网络分析

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105247

Ted C.T. Fong , Chee Hon Chan , Paul S.F. Yip

Neighborhood environmental conditions (NEC) refer to various environmental factors that are associated with individuals’ well-being (WB). Most existing studies, however, did not account for the complex interdependence among various NEC components in their effects on WB. This study aimed to use a network approach to examine the associations between NEC and WB during the COVID-19 pandemic. A population-wide survey recruited 2,170 community adults via stratified random sampling in Hong Kong (mean age = 45.0 years, SD = 14.9, 44.2 % male) between December 2021 and April 2022. The participants completed measures on Satisfaction with Life Scale, NEC, WB, and demographic characteristics. Network analysis was conducted using Gaussian graphical models in R to identify the central nodes of NEC and associations between NEC and WB nodes in the network. All network models showed adequate levels of stability. ‘Pedestrian facilities’ and ‘Leisure and cultural facilities’ were the central nodes in the NEC cluster. Nodes in the NEC cluster showed 11 bridge edges with the WB nodes. Public hygiene was positively linked to environmental WB and life satisfaction; air quality was positively linked to life satisfaction; and public transport convenience and family friendliness were positively linked to family WB. There were significant differences in the network structure across urbanicity but not gender and age groups. The present study utilized the network approach to elucidate the central NEC nodes and the bridge associations between NEC and WB during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings have practical implications for improving population health in future environmental health research.

邻里环境条件（NEC）是指与个人福祉（WB）相关的各种环境因素。然而，现有的大多数研究并没有考虑到 NEC 各组成部分之间复杂的相互依存关系对 WB 的影响。本研究旨在使用网络方法研究 COVID-19 大流行期间 NEC 与 WB 之间的关联。在 2021 年 12 月至 2022 年 4 月期间，一项全民调查通过分层随机抽样在香港招募了 2,170 名社区成年人（平均年龄 = 45.0 岁，SD = 14.9，44.2% 为男性）。参与者完成了生活满意度量表、NEC、WB 和人口统计学特征的测量。我们使用 R 中的高斯图形模型进行了网络分析，以确定 NEC 的中心节点以及网络中 NEC 和 WB 节点之间的关联。所有网络模型都显示出足够的稳定性。行人设施 "和 "休闲和文化设施 "是 NEC 群组的中心节点。NEC 群组中的节点与 WB 节点之间有 11 条桥梁边。公共卫生与环境 WB 和生活满意度呈正相关；空气质量与生活满意度呈正相关；公共交通便利性和家庭友好性与家庭 WB 呈正相关。不同城市的网络结构存在明显差异，但不同性别和年龄组的网络结构没有明显差异。本研究利用网络方法阐明了 COVID-19 大流行期间的中心 NEC 节点以及 NEC 与 WB 之间的桥梁关系。研究结果对未来环境健康研究中改善人群健康具有实际意义。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating objective and perceived ecosystem service in urban context: An indirect method based on housing market 评估城市环境中的客观和感知生态系统服务：基于住房市场的间接方法

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105245

Yunqi Tang , Weiye Xiao , Feng Yuan

Ecosystem service (ES) evaluation is usually based on the stocks of natural resources and their functions. However, the value of ES in the urban area depends on human activities more than the existence of natural resources. This research implements an indirect market method by integrating hedonic housing price model to assess ES in urban context from both objective (remote sensing) and subjective perspectives (street view image). Machine learning tools are employed to investigate the impacts of objective and perceived ES on housing prices based on a case study in Wuxi, China. The analytical results suggest that the contribution of ES to house prices in Wuxi ranges from 0% to 10.85%. Further investigation found that visible trees are the most important ES factor of housing price, more important than the coverage of green space. We also find that the quality of blue-green spaces might modify the value of ES, while the poor landscape design and water pollution in the central urban area made the values of ES low in the housing market. This study proves that the indirect method based on the housing market is helpful in valuing ES in the urban context. The high importance of perceived blue-green spaces in ES encourages more efforts on landscape design rather than only increasing coverage.

生态系统服务（ES）评估通常以自然资源存量及其功能为基础。然而，城市地区生态系统服务的价值更多地取决于人类活动，而非自然资源的存在。本研究采用间接市场方法，结合享乐主义住房价格模型，从客观（遥感）和主观（街景图像）两个角度评估城市中的生态系统服务。基于中国无锡的案例研究，采用机器学习工具调查客观和感知 ES 对房价的影响。分析结果表明，ES 对无锡房价的贡献率在 0% 到 10.85% 之间。进一步调查发现，可见树木是影响房价最重要的环境因素，比绿地覆盖率更重要。我们还发现，蓝绿空间的质量可能会改变 ES 的价值，而中心城区较差的景观设计和水污染使得 ES 在住房市场中的价值较低。这项研究证明，基于住房市场的间接方法有助于评估城市环境服务的价值。蓝绿空间在 ES 中的重要性鼓励人们在景观设计方面做出更多努力，而不仅仅是增加覆盖率。

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引用次数: 0

‘It’s not necessarily a social space’ − Institutions, power and nature’s wellbeing benefits in the context of diverse inner-city neighbourhoods 这不一定是一个社会空间"--机构、权力和大自然在多样化内城社区中的福祉效益

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105241

Meri Juntti , Sevda Özsezer-Kurnuç , Nicholas Dash

Urban nature is widely known to provide wellbeing benefits to people and communities, but evidence particularly from diverse and disadvantaged contexts suggests that these benefits are not experienced equally by all. This paper unpacks this complexity by focussing on how urban nature is interacted with to produce relational wellbeing on two diverse inner-city housing estates undergoing regeneration in London, UK. We focus on the role of both formal institutions and the perceptions that people form of spatial features and their meanings and functions, and the manner in which these intermediaries shape human-nature interactions and the co-production of nature’s wellbeing impact. Our findings from quantitative and qualitative data demonstrate that urban nature contributes to all aspects of a five-dimensional notion of wellbeing. But social housing residents’ and young peoples’ ability to experience these benefits is limited. Informal mechanisms of social control such as perceptions of ownership of space and its appropriate uses, and fear of conflict and crime limit the extent to which residents access greenspaces and the activities within them. Together with formal institutions such as tenancy types, housing targets and criteria for optimisation of site allocation, they produce hierarchies of use of public greenspaces and reinforce existing divisions between people of different demographic and socio-economic status. The findings underline the need to facilitate the establishment of shared and inclusive norms concerning access and appropriate uses of natural spaces in housing and greenspace delivery.

众所周知，城市自然能为人们和社区带来福祉，但有证据表明，特别是来自不同和弱势环境的证据表明，并非所有人都能平等地体验到这些福祉。本文通过重点研究英国伦敦两个正在进行重建的多样化内城住宅区如何与城市自然互动以产生关系幸福感，来揭示这种复杂性。我们关注正式机构的作用和人们对空间特征及其意义和功能的看法，以及这些中介机构如何塑造人与自然的互动和共同产生自然的福祉影响。我们从定量和定性数据中得出的结论表明，城市自然对幸福感的五维概念的各个方面都有贡献。但是，社会住房居民和年轻人体验这些益处的能力有限。非正式的社会控制机制，如对空间所有权及其适当用途的看法，以及对冲突和犯罪的恐惧，限制了居民使用绿地和在绿地中开展活动的程度。这些机制与租约类型、住房目标和优化用地分配标准等正式制度一起，形成了公共绿地使用的等级制度，并强化了不同人口和社会经济地位人群之间的现有分化。研究结果强调，在住房和绿地交付过程中，有必要促进建立有关自然空间的使用和适当用途的共享和包容性规范。

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引用次数: 0

Air regulation service is affected by green areas cover and fragmentation: An analysis using demand, supply and flow during COVID-19 quarantine 空气调节服务受绿地覆盖和破碎化的影响：利用 COVID-19 检疫期间的需求、供应和流量进行分析

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105230

Nataly Andrea Pimiento-Quiroga , Paula Ribeiro Prist , Sergio Ibarra-Espinosa , Ligia Vizeu Barrozo , Jean Paul Metzger

Urban green areas are a potential supplier of air quality regulation service. However, research to date has mostly focused on the effects of the amount of these areas, with few studies evaluating how configuration aspects, such as spatial fragmentation, affect air quality services. Even less is known about how this service varies with decreasing pollutant emissions. Here we fill these research gaps by testing the contribution of green areas composition and configuration in reducing air pollution, before and during the COVID-19 quarantine period, in the largest city of the Global South (São Paulo, Brazil). We relied on a model selection approach using hourly concentrations of different pollutants (CO, NO₂, PM_2.5, and PM₁₀,) as response variables. As predictors, we consider meteorological variables, the amount and fragmentation of green areas (related to air quality regulation supply), the quantity of vehicle emissions (proxy of demand pressure), all this at different spatial scales (proxy of pollutant flows from emission to supply areas). Our results showed that higher tree cover and lower vehicular emissions decreased concentrations of CO, NO₂ and PM. Air quality regulation was higher in periods of low demand (start of quarantine), when compared to periods of high demand (before and the last part of quarantine). Lower levels of pollutants were associated with greater amounts of green areas at scales of up to 1,000 m from the air quality monitoring station. This indicates that the presence of green areas can have positive effects on air quality at distances of up to 1,000 m from the sites where pollutants are emitted. Our results show that to enhance air regulation services in large urban areas, it is important to maximize the amount of green areas and minimize their fragmentation, beyond the reduction of vehicular emissions.

城市绿地是空气质量调节服务的潜在提供者。然而，迄今为止的研究大多集中在这些区域数量的影响上，很少有研究评估空间破碎化等配置方面如何影响空气质量服务。至于这种服务如何随着污染物排放量的减少而变化，人们更是知之甚少。在此，我们填补了这些研究空白，在全球南部最大的城市（巴西圣保罗）测试了 COVID-19 隔离期之前和期间绿地组成和配置对减少空气污染的贡献。我们以不同污染物（一氧化碳、二氧化氮、PM2.5 和 PM10）的小时浓度作为响应变量，采用模型选择法。作为预测变量，我们考虑了气象变量、绿地的数量和破碎程度（与空气质量调节供应有关）、汽车排放量（需求压力的代表），所有这些都在不同的空间尺度上（污染物从排放区流向供应区的代表）。我们的研究结果表明，较高的树木覆盖率和较低的车辆排放量降低了一氧化碳、二氧化氮和可吸入颗粒物的浓度。与高需求时期（检疫前和检疫最后阶段）相比，低需求时期（检疫开始）的空气质量调节能力更强。在距离空气质量监测站 1000 米的范围内，污染物水平较低与绿地面积较多有关。这表明，在距离污染物排放地最远 1000 米的地方，绿地的存在会对空气质量产生积极影响。我们的研究结果表明，要加强大型城市地区的空气调节服务，除了减少车辆排放之外，还必须最大限度地增加绿地数量，并尽量减少绿地的破碎化。

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引用次数: 0

From land-based to people-based: Spatiotemporal cooling effects of peri-urban parks and their driving factors in China 从 "以地为本 "到 "以人为本"：中国城郊公园的时空降温效应及其驱动因素

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105243

Wenxuan Tan , Meng Cai , Yeran Sun , Tingting Chen

Peri-urban areas are essential for human habitation and provide significant green spaces to improve the thermal environment, especially when urban land is limited. Understanding the factors influencing the cooling intensity of peri-urban parks is crucial for guiding decision-making in climate-responsive urban planning and management. However, relevant studies generally focus on the short-term cooling effect of urban parks, and the effect of “people-based” socio-demographics, such as park age, have rarely been analyzed. This study focuses on a comprehensive spatiotemporal analysis of 647 national forest parks in urban peripheries across China from 2000 to 2021. It considers three categories of driving factors: park morphology, landscape patterns, and social demographic characteristics. The findings reveal that (1) In contrast to urban parks, the geometric morphology of peri-urban parks has limited influence on cooling intensity. (2) The landscape pattern within the park significantly affects the cooling intensity. The proportion of woodland in the park increases year by year, and the negative impact of cropland on the cooling intensity decreases from −4.788 in 2000 to −0.547 in 2021. Besides, the negative impact of impervious surfaces has increased, with the coefficient decreasing from −1.022 in 2000 to −1.877 in 2021. (3) Park age significantly promotes cooling intensity when the park is between 31 and 35 years old. (4) The increase in per capita GDP and population density are associated with diminishing cooling intensity. (5) Heterogeneous analysis results reveal variations in cooling effects among parks in different climate zones. Peri-urban parks that combine blue and green spaces exhibit a more pronounced cooling effect. These research outcomes offer valuable insights for designing, planning, and managing parks and ecosystems in China, which can enhance urban climate resilience and the well-being of urban residents.

城郊地区是人类居住的重要场所，也是改善热环境的重要绿地，尤其是在城市用地有限的情况下。了解影响城郊公园降温强度的因素，对于指导适应气候的城市规划和管理决策至关重要。然而，相关研究一般侧重于城市公园的短期降温效果，而很少分析公园年龄等 "以人为本 "的社会人口因素的影响。本研究重点对 2000 年至 2021 年中国城市周边的 647 个国家森林公园进行了全面的时空分析。研究考虑了三类驱动因素：公园形态、景观格局和社会人口特征。研究结果表明：（1）与城市公园相比，城郊公园的几何形态对降温强度的影响有限。(2）公园内的景观格局对降温强度有显著影响。公园内林地比例逐年增加，耕地对降温强度的负面影响从 2000 年的-4.788 降至 2021 年的-0.547。此外，不透水地面的负面影响也在增加，系数从 2000 年的-1.022 下降到 2021 年的-1.877。(3) 当公园年龄在 31 至 35 岁之间时，公园年龄对降温强度有明显的促进作用。 (4) 人均 GDP 和人口密度的增加与降温强度的减弱相关。(5) 异质性分析结果显示，不同气候区的公园在降温效果上存在差异。结合蓝色和绿色空间的城郊公园表现出更明显的降温效果。这些研究成果为中国公园和生态系统的设计、规划和管理提供了有价值的见解，可以增强城市气候适应能力，提高城市居民的福祉。

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