Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2026.105580
Jihwan Kim , Toshinori Tanaka
{"title":"Beyond protected areas: Optimizing conservation planning through integrated ecosystem services and connectivity assessment in Okinawa, Japan","authors":"Jihwan Kim , Toshinori Tanaka","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2026.105580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2026.105580","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 105580"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145962544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2026-01-26DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2026.105597
Sara L. Gandy , Jessica Hall , Grace Plahe , David Johnson , Richard Birtles , Lucy Gilbert
Our ability to predict how urban planning may influence public health and wellbeing is limited, because our understanding of the ecological drivers of key human diseases transmitted by wildlife vectors is poor in urban compared to rural environments. Here we examined how temporal and spatial ecological factors shape the environmental hazards of ticks and Lyme disease in urban greenspaces compared to rural environments. Deer space-use, Ixodes ricinus tick density and Lyme disease hazard were estimated at 60 urban greenspaces and 48 rural woodlands across 12 cities in the United Kingdom. Spatial and temporal metrics of urbanisation (built-up cover surrounding sites, extent of recent urbanisation, age of adjacent built-up area), woodland (tree cover) and connectivity, that were hypothesised to influence tick densities and Lyme disease hazard, were generated and their effects were tested using structural equation modelling. Nymphal ticks were detected in 73% of urban and 98% of rural sites, with nymph density and Lyme disease hazard were 3.6 and 5 times lower respectively in urban than rural woodlands. In cities, nymph density and Lyme disease hazard were positively correlated with tree cover within sites, connectivity to larger woodlands and negatively correlated with built-up cover surrounding sites and age of adjacent built-up cover. Conversely, in rural woodlands, woodland age was the strongest predictor of nymph density and Lyme disease hazard. These differences highlight the additional urbanisation-related pressures shaping urban tick and Lyme disease ecology, and the importance of the history of a site and its surroundings, which has strong implication for urban planning.
{"title":"Temporal and spatial drivers of Lyme disease hazard differ between urban and rural environments","authors":"Sara L. Gandy , Jessica Hall , Grace Plahe , David Johnson , Richard Birtles , Lucy Gilbert","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2026.105597","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2026.105597","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Our ability to predict how urban planning may influence public health and wellbeing is limited, because our understanding of the ecological drivers of key human diseases transmitted by wildlife vectors is poor in urban compared to rural environments. Here we examined how temporal and spatial ecological factors shape the environmental hazards of ticks and Lyme disease in urban greenspaces compared to rural environments. Deer space-use, <em>Ixodes ricinus</em> tick density and Lyme disease hazard were estimated at 60 urban greenspaces and 48 rural woodlands across 12 cities in the United Kingdom. Spatial and temporal metrics of urbanisation (built-up cover surrounding sites, extent of recent urbanisation, age of adjacent built-up area), woodland (tree cover) and connectivity, that were hypothesised to influence tick densities and Lyme disease hazard, were generated and their effects were tested using structural equation modelling. Nymphal ticks were detected in 73% of urban and 98% of rural sites, with nymph density and Lyme disease hazard were 3.6 and 5 times lower respectively in urban than rural woodlands. In cities, nymph density and Lyme disease hazard were positively correlated with tree cover within sites, connectivity to larger woodlands and negatively correlated with built-up cover surrounding sites and age of adjacent built-up cover. Conversely, in rural woodlands, woodland age was the strongest predictor of nymph density and Lyme disease hazard. These differences highlight the additional urbanisation-related pressures shaping urban tick and Lyme disease ecology, and the importance of the history of a site and its surroundings, which has strong implication for urban planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 105597"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146047952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-12-27DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105572
Maximilian Nawrath, Ingvild Skumlien Furuseth, Line Barkved, Isabel Seifert-Dähnn
In response to rapid urbanisation, climate breakdown, and biodiversity loss, blue–green infrastructure (BGI) has emerged as a key strategy for addressing urban sustainability challenges. However, widespread adoption on private land remains limited, partly due to implementation barriers. Policymakers increasingly use incentive programs to overcome these barriers, yet their effectiveness is not well understood. This study addresses five research questions: (1) which types of incentives have been examined in the literature, either through model-based experiments and/or practical implementation, to promote BGI on private property; (2) how has the effectiveness of these programs been assessed; (3) who are the primary providers and target groups; and (4) which BGI types and ecosystem services are most frequently incentivised? We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines, searching Web of Science and Scopus, which yielded 67 studies describing 104 incentive programs that met our inclusion criteria. The reviewed literature indicates a strong geographical bias towards North America and Europe, with limited evidence from low- and middle-income countries. Economic and fiscal instruments dominate the literature, while cooperative, agreement-based, and knowledge and communication instruments are less frequently examined. Publications further suggest that impact assessments often remain narrow in scope, with few studies evaluating long-term, social, or ecological outcomes. Evidence from the reviewed studies shows that private residential property owners were the most common target group, reflecting their central role in urban land management. The analysed publications reveal critical gaps in both geographic coverage and methodological rigour. We recommend that future research integrates more diverse incentive types and adopts standardised evaluation frameworks to strengthen the evidence base and support more effective BGI incentive design.
为了应对快速城市化、气候崩溃和生物多样性丧失，蓝绿基础设施（BGI）已成为应对城市可持续性挑战的关键战略。然而，在私人土地上的广泛采用仍然有限，部分原因是实施障碍。决策者越来越多地使用激励计划来克服这些障碍，但其有效性尚未得到很好的理解。本研究解决了五个研究问题：(1)通过基于模型的实验和/或实际实施，文献中考察了哪些类型的激励措施来促进私有财产上的华大基因；(2)如何评估这些项目的有效性；（三）谁是主要提供者和目标群体；(4)哪些大基因类型和生态系统服务最常受到激励？我们根据PRISMA指南进行了系统的回顾，检索了Web of Science和Scopus，得出了67项研究，描述了104项符合我们纳入标准的激励计划。文献综述表明，北美和欧洲存在强烈的地理偏见，来自中低收入国家的证据有限。经济和财政手段在文献中占主导地位，而合作、基于协议的以及知识和交流手段较少受到审查。出版物进一步表明，影响评估的范围往往很窄，很少有研究评估长期、社会或生态结果。检讨研究的证据显示，私人住宅物业业主是最常见的目标群体，反映他们在城市土地管理中的核心作用。经过分析的出版物揭示了地理覆盖范围和方法严谨性方面的重大差距。我们建议未来的研究整合更多样化的激励类型，采用标准化的评估框架，以加强证据基础，支持更有效的华大基因激励设计。
{"title":"Incentives for the implementation and maintenance of urban blue-green infrastructure: A systematic review","authors":"Maximilian Nawrath, Ingvild Skumlien Furuseth, Line Barkved, Isabel Seifert-Dähnn","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105572","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105572","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In response to rapid urbanisation, climate breakdown, and biodiversity loss, blue–green infrastructure (BGI) has emerged as a key strategy for addressing urban sustainability challenges. However, widespread adoption on private land remains limited, partly due to implementation barriers. Policymakers increasingly use incentive programs to overcome these barriers, yet their effectiveness is not well understood. This study addresses five research questions: (1) which types of incentives have been examined in the literature, either through model-based experiments and/or practical implementation, to promote BGI on private property; (2) how has the effectiveness of these programs been assessed; (3) who are the primary providers and target groups; and (4) which BGI types and ecosystem services are most frequently incentivised?<!--> <!-->We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines, searching Web of Science and Scopus, which yielded 67 studies describing 104 incentive programs that met our inclusion criteria. The reviewed literature indicates a strong geographical bias towards North America and Europe, with limited evidence from low- and middle-income countries. Economic and fiscal instruments dominate the literature, while cooperative, agreement-based, and knowledge and communication instruments are less frequently examined. Publications further suggest that impact assessments often remain narrow in scope, with few studies evaluating long-term, social, or ecological outcomes. Evidence from the reviewed studies shows that private residential property owners were the most common target group, reflecting their central role in urban land management. The analysed publications reveal critical gaps in both geographic coverage and methodological rigour. We recommend that future research integrates more diverse incentive types and adopts standardised evaluation frameworks to strengthen the evidence base and support more effective BGI incentive design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 105572"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-12-16DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105554
Katherine J. Turo , Rodney T. Richardson , Molly Frabotta , Reed M. Johnson , Mary M. Gardiner
Cities have been acclaimed as hotspots for bee biodiversity and potential conservation targets, leading to continued investment in urban pollinator plantings. However, newly created habitats are rarely assessed for their efficacy in supporting bee fitness or the extent to which bees use seeded wildflowers. We compared urban bee nesting in targeted “pocket prairie” pollinator plantings versus urban farms that were intended to support multiple ecosystem services in Cleveland, Ohio, USA. We used trap nests to evaluate nesting success of native cavity nesting bees and pollen metabarcoding to determine whether bees collected pollen from seeded plantings during nest provisioning. Pollen DNA revealed most bee-collected pollen was from urban spontaneous vegetation (or “weeds”) in Fabaceae, especially Trifolium spp. We also found that urban farms harbored more native bee larvae than targeted pollinator plantings. Finally, when bee nests were situated in a landscape with greater greenspace connectivity, we observed more native bee larvae and greater plant diversity in bees’ nesting provisions. Collectively, these findings suggest that multi-service greenspaces like urban farms can provide important urban pollinator habitat, and greenspace value for bees is driven by resident weeds and greenspace configuration.
{"title":"Urban farms support cavity-nesting bees and DNA metabarcoding reveals weeds are key pollen resources","authors":"Katherine J. Turo , Rodney T. Richardson , Molly Frabotta , Reed M. Johnson , Mary M. Gardiner","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105554","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105554","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cities have been acclaimed as hotspots for bee biodiversity and potential conservation targets, leading to continued investment in urban pollinator plantings. However, newly created habitats are rarely assessed for their efficacy in supporting bee fitness or the extent to which bees use seeded wildflowers. We compared urban bee nesting in targeted “pocket prairie” pollinator plantings versus urban farms that were intended to support multiple ecosystem services in Cleveland, Ohio, USA. We used trap nests to evaluate nesting success of native cavity nesting bees and pollen metabarcoding to determine whether bees collected pollen from seeded plantings during nest provisioning. Pollen DNA revealed most bee-collected pollen was from urban spontaneous vegetation (or “weeds”) in Fabaceae, especially <em>Trifolium</em> spp. We also found that urban farms harbored more native bee larvae than targeted pollinator plantings. Finally, when bee nests were situated in a landscape with greater greenspace connectivity, we observed more native bee larvae and greater plant diversity in bees’ nesting provisions. Collectively, these findings suggest that multi-service greenspaces like urban farms can provide important urban pollinator habitat, and greenspace value for bees is driven by resident weeds and greenspace configuration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 105554"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145784817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2026.105577
Jiayun Zhang , Yexiang Sun , Zihan Li , Lisha Xu , Jingjing Hu , Jie Qiu , Xinhan Zhang , Zongming Yang , Zhanghang Zhu , Yonghao Wu , Yixing Wang , Hongbo Lin , Zhiqin Jiang , Liming Shui , Mengling Tang , Mingjuan Jin , Feng Tong , Kun Chen , Jianbing Wang
Background
Previous studies have suggested an inverse association between residential greenness and anxiety incidence, whereas exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and outdoor light at night (LAN) may elevate risk of anxiety. Nonetheless, their combined impacts, along with potential confounding, interaction, and mediation effects, merit further investigation.
Methods
This prospective cohort study was conducted in Yinzhou, China, comprising 27,882, participants aged over 18 years. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and enhanced vegetation index (EVI) were used to characterize greenspace around each participant’s residence. A land use regression (LUR) model was developed to estimate NO2 concentrations, and outdoor LAN was assessed using satellite-derived images. Cox proportional hazards models were employed to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CIs), and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were utilized to depict exposure–response curves. Additionally, we applied a cumulative risk index (CRI) to quantify joint effects of co-existing exposures and explored both additive and multiplicative interactions as well as mediating effects.
Results
Over a median follow-up of 5.10 years, a total of 3,272 incident anxiety cases were identified. In single-exposure models, HRs (95 % CIs) per interquartile range (IQR) increment were 0.73 (0.70, 0.77) for NDVI 250 m, 1.20 (1.10, 1.30) for NO2, and 1.21 (1.17, 1.24) for LAN, respectively. Both greenness and LAN exhibited notable deviations from linearity. Furthermore, the highest joint hazard ratio (JHR) of 1.42 (95 % CI: 1.30, 1.55) was observed when participants were simultaneously exposed to reduced greenness and elevated NO2. Additive and multiplicative interactions were observed between greenness and NO2, as well as between NO2 and LAN. Mediation analyses revealed that 28 % (95 % CI: 14 %, 45 %) of the relationship between NDVI 250 m and anxiety was mediated by reduced LAN.
Conclusions
Residential greenness was inversely associated with anxiety incidence, whereas exposure to NO2 and LAN may elevate risk of anxiety. The detrimental effects of NO2 may be alleviated by increased greenspace but exacerbated by greater exposure to nighttime illumination. Our findings underscore the urgency of integrating greening initiatives and curtailing NO2 and LAN within urban planning agendas to foster resilient and mental health-supportive cities worldwide.
{"title":"Concomitant exposure to residential greenness, nitrogen dioxide, and outdoor light at night in association with incident anxiety","authors":"Jiayun Zhang , Yexiang Sun , Zihan Li , Lisha Xu , Jingjing Hu , Jie Qiu , Xinhan Zhang , Zongming Yang , Zhanghang Zhu , Yonghao Wu , Yixing Wang , Hongbo Lin , Zhiqin Jiang , Liming Shui , Mengling Tang , Mingjuan Jin , Feng Tong , Kun Chen , Jianbing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2026.105577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2026.105577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Previous studies have suggested an inverse association between residential greenness and anxiety incidence, whereas exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>) and outdoor light at night (LAN) may elevate risk of anxiety. Nonetheless, their combined impacts, along with potential confounding, interaction, and mediation effects, merit further investigation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This prospective cohort study was conducted in Yinzhou, China, comprising 27,882, participants aged over 18 years. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and enhanced vegetation index (EVI) were used to characterize greenspace around each participant’s residence. A land use regression (LUR) model was developed to estimate NO<sub>2</sub> concentrations, and outdoor LAN was assessed using satellite-derived images. Cox proportional hazards models were employed to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CIs), and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were utilized to depict exposure–response curves. Additionally, we applied a cumulative risk index (CRI) to quantify joint effects of co-existing exposures and explored both additive and multiplicative interactions as well as mediating effects.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Over a median follow-up of 5.10 years, a total of 3,272 incident anxiety cases were identified. In single-exposure models, HRs (95 % CIs) per interquartile range (IQR) increment were 0.73 (0.70, 0.77) for NDVI 250 m, 1.20 (1.10, 1.30) for NO<sub>2</sub>, and 1.21 (1.17, 1.24) for LAN, respectively. Both greenness and LAN exhibited notable deviations from linearity. Furthermore, the highest joint hazard ratio (JHR) of 1.42 (95 % CI: 1.30, 1.55) was observed when participants were simultaneously exposed to reduced greenness and elevated NO<sub>2</sub>. Additive and multiplicative interactions were observed between greenness and NO<sub>2</sub>, as well as between NO<sub>2</sub> and LAN. Mediation analyses revealed that 28 % (95 % CI: 14 %, 45 %) of the relationship between NDVI 250 m and anxiety was mediated by reduced LAN.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Residential greenness was inversely associated with anxiety incidence, whereas exposure to NO<sub>2</sub> and LAN may elevate risk of anxiety. The detrimental effects of NO<sub>2</sub> may be alleviated by increased greenspace but exacerbated by greater exposure to nighttime illumination. Our findings underscore the urgency of integrating greening initiatives and curtailing NO<sub>2</sub> and LAN within urban planning agendas to foster resilient and mental health-supportive cities worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 105577"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-12-31DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105574
Hartmut Fünfgeld , Andreas Christen , Ferdinand Briegel , Simon Schrodi , Alexandra Speidel , Christiane Felder , Jasper Hoffmann , Lina Irscheid , Dominik Merkle , Johannes Meyer , Dirk Schindler , Jonas Wehrle , Cathrin Zengerling
Confronted with increasing urban heat stress risks, local governments need to reconcile expanding green infrastructure for urban cooling with urban densification goals. However, the impacts of incremental urban development in established neighborhoods on urban heat stress risks remain poorly understood. We demonstrate how decision support tools using Artificial Intelligence (AI) can assist complex urban land use and climate adaptation planning. Our findings are based on an inter- and transdisciplinary research project that developed and combined novel AI-supported simulation and prediction methods, namely 3D semantic models, AI-based outdoor thermal comfort models, and optimization and scenario-based AI models. Tool development was combined with transdisciplinary research to assess the real-world application potentials of AI-supported approaches in the City of Freiburg, Germany. The article demonstrates how AI-supported methods can aide and expedite urban land use and adaptation planning to support complex decision-making that needs to balance different strategic goals and interests.
{"title":"Optimizing urban greening and densification in the context of outdoor heat: Opportunities for AI-supported urban adaptation","authors":"Hartmut Fünfgeld , Andreas Christen , Ferdinand Briegel , Simon Schrodi , Alexandra Speidel , Christiane Felder , Jasper Hoffmann , Lina Irscheid , Dominik Merkle , Johannes Meyer , Dirk Schindler , Jonas Wehrle , Cathrin Zengerling","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Confronted with increasing urban heat stress risks, local governments need to reconcile expanding green infrastructure for urban cooling with urban densification goals. However, the impacts of incremental urban development in established neighborhoods on urban heat stress risks remain poorly understood. We demonstrate how decision support tools using Artificial Intelligence (AI) can assist complex urban land use and climate adaptation planning. Our findings are based on an inter- and transdisciplinary research project that developed and combined novel AI-supported simulation and prediction methods, namely 3D semantic models, AI-based outdoor thermal comfort models, and optimization and scenario-based AI models. Tool development was combined with transdisciplinary research to assess the real-world application potentials of AI-supported approaches in the City of Freiburg, Germany. The article demonstrates how AI-supported methods can aide and expedite urban land use and adaptation planning to support complex decision-making that needs to balance different strategic goals and interests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 105574"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145883994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-12-15DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105552
Marion Chatelain , Oskar Rennstam Rubbmark , Johannes Rüdisser , Michael Traugott
Urbanisation affects bird ecology and evolution through multiple pathways, including changes in habitat structure, temperature, pollution, and food availability. Among these, diet shifts likely play a central role, yet evidence on how adult birds adjust their diets across urban mosaics remains scarce. To address this gap, we investigated the year-round diet of two common songbirds—the great tit (Parus major) and the blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus)—across an urbanised landscape in Innsbruck, Austria. Using a dual-marker metabarcoding approach on fecal samples from 370 individuals captured at 147 locations, we identified both plant and arthropod dietary components. Urbanisation was associated with species- and season-specific changes in diet, demonstrating dietary flexibility in both species: urban great tits showed higher diet diversity and consumed a wider range of miscellaneous food items. During the breeding season, they often ate sunflower seeds—commonly provided at bird feeders—while less frequently consuming arthropods such as moths, spiders, and weevils. In contrast, urban blue tits more frequently consumed crab spiders and aphids, potentially compensating for reduced moth intake. These shifts are likely to contribute to urbanisation-driven variation in fitness. Moreover, they reflect broader changes in prey availability, vegetation and bird feeding practices. Specifically, urban green spaces increased plant-based food diversity, while residential areas promoted frequent use of bird feeders. Our findings suggest that urban management should focus on supporting diverse arthropod communities by promoting native vegetation, encourage wildlife-friendly gardening in residential areas, and preserve forest remnants and green corridors to enhance habitat connectivity.
{"title":"Urbanisation and habitat shape resource-driven dietary shifts in wild birds","authors":"Marion Chatelain , Oskar Rennstam Rubbmark , Johannes Rüdisser , Michael Traugott","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105552","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105552","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urbanisation affects bird ecology and evolution through multiple pathways, including changes in habitat structure, temperature, pollution, and food availability. Among these, diet shifts likely play a central role, yet evidence on how adult birds adjust their diets across urban mosaics remains scarce. To address this gap, we investigated the year-round diet of two common songbirds—the great tit (<em>Parus major</em>) and the blue tit (<em>Cyanistes caeruleus</em>)—across an urbanised landscape in Innsbruck, Austria. Using a dual-marker metabarcoding approach on fecal samples from 370 individuals captured at 147 locations, we identified both plant and arthropod dietary components. Urbanisation was associated with species- and season-specific changes in diet, demonstrating dietary flexibility in both species: urban great tits showed higher diet diversity and consumed a wider range of miscellaneous food items. During the breeding season, they often ate sunflower seeds—commonly provided at bird feeders—while less frequently consuming arthropods such as moths, spiders, and weevils. In contrast, urban blue tits more frequently consumed crab spiders and aphids, potentially compensating for reduced moth intake. These shifts are likely to contribute to urbanisation-driven variation in fitness. Moreover, they reflect broader changes in prey availability, vegetation and bird feeding practices. Specifically, urban green spaces increased plant-based food diversity, while residential areas promoted frequent use of bird feeders. Our findings suggest that urban management should focus on supporting diverse arthropod communities by promoting native vegetation, encourage wildlife-friendly gardening in residential areas, and preserve forest remnants and green corridors to enhance habitat connectivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 105552"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145760434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-12-15DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105564
Yuliang Jiang , Elisa Palazzo , Simit Raval
As the global transition from coal accelerates, the concurrent decommissioning of coal mines and coal-fired power plants is generating extensive brownfields with regional socioeconomic and environmental impacts. Yet how rehabilitation of these brownfields balances regional sustainability priorities remains underexplored. This gap is particularly critical for Australia, where widespread closures are imminent. To address this gap, this study examines six European coal mine/plant case studies through a built environment disciplinary perspective rarely applied in mining engineering-led rehabilitation. Using an evaluation framework, it analyses European rehabilitation trajectories and contextual contrasts to inform Australia’s post-coal transition. The first step assesses integration, balance, and governance; the second examines their sub-components to identify strengths and weaknesses; and the third synthesises these results to distil lessons that inform targeted recommendations. Results reveal five cross-case lessons: integrated rehabilitation alone does not ensure balanced outcomes; governance structures are decisive; sustainability requires managing complex trade-offs; spatial design catalyses transformation; and long-term commitment underpins enduring success. Building on these findings, five context-specific recommendations are proposed: reform closure policy; embed spatial design in closure planning; tailor strategies to climate; address remoteness; and strengthen community and Indigenous inclusion. These timely insights are crucial for guiding Australia’s integration of policy and design knowledge to transform post-mining regions into sustainable landscapes amid the nation’s energy transition.
{"title":"Opportunities for Australia’s regional development: Lessons from the integrated rehabilitation of co-located coal mines and power plants in Europe","authors":"Yuliang Jiang , Elisa Palazzo , Simit Raval","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the global transition from coal accelerates, the concurrent decommissioning of coal mines and coal-fired power plants is generating extensive brownfields with regional socioeconomic and environmental impacts. Yet how rehabilitation of these brownfields balances regional sustainability priorities remains underexplored. This gap is particularly critical for Australia, where widespread closures are imminent. To address this gap, this study examines six European coal mine/plant case studies through a built environment disciplinary perspective rarely applied in mining engineering-led rehabilitation. Using an evaluation framework, it analyses European rehabilitation trajectories and contextual contrasts to inform Australia’s post-coal transition. The first step assesses integration, balance, and governance; the second examines their sub-components to identify strengths and weaknesses; and the third synthesises these results to distil lessons that inform targeted recommendations. Results reveal five cross-case lessons: integrated rehabilitation alone does not ensure balanced outcomes; governance structures are decisive; sustainability requires managing complex trade-offs; spatial design catalyses transformation; and long-term commitment underpins enduring success. Building on these findings, five context-specific recommendations are proposed: reform closure policy; embed spatial design in closure planning; tailor strategies to climate; address remoteness; and strengthen community and Indigenous inclusion. These timely insights are crucial for guiding Australia’s integration of policy and design knowledge to transform post-mining regions into sustainable landscapes amid the nation’s energy transition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 105564"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145760385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105553
Adina Sennblad, Isabella Honnér, Johnny de Jong
Roads have several negative ecological effects on bats. Clutter-adapted bat species avoid roads as the open space increases the risk of predation. This results in the road acting as a barrier of movement, making otherwise suitable habitat inaccessible. Different approaches to mitigate the fragmentation and mortality caused by roads have been explored. Underpasses such as bridges or tunnels have proven to be used by clutter-adapted species to cross the road. A few studies have indicated that some species of bats could possibly use smaller structures such as pipe culverts. As pipe culverts are more cost-effective than bridges and tunnels, we set out to quantitively investigate what factors affect the usage of pipe culverts, aiming to produce recommendations for their implementation in the landscape. Clutter-adapted bats were surveyed with ultrasound detectors in 269 pipe culverts in Sweden. Each pipe culvert was surveyed for one night each and 73 pipe culverts with a high recorded activity were revisited and surveyed with mist nets. M. brandtii, M. daubentonii, M. mystacinus, M. nattereri, and P. auritus were found to be flying in the pipe culverts. Factors affecting the activity and usage of the pipe culverts were the width of the pipe culverts, presence of water in the pipe culvert and the presence of forest at the openings of the pipe culvert. The results give insight into how pipe culverts could be designed and implemented in landscape planning to mitigate the fragmentation caused by roads and decrease their negative effects on clutter-adapted bats.
{"title":"Effectiveness of pipe culverts in facilitating road crossings by clutter-adapted bats","authors":"Adina Sennblad, Isabella Honnér, Johnny de Jong","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Roads have several negative ecological effects on bats. Clutter-adapted bat species avoid roads as the open space increases the risk of predation. This results in the road acting as a barrier of movement, making otherwise suitable habitat inaccessible. Different approaches to mitigate the fragmentation and mortality caused by roads have been explored. Underpasses such as bridges or tunnels have proven to be used by clutter-adapted species to cross the road. A few studies have indicated that some species of bats could possibly use smaller structures such as pipe culverts. As pipe culverts are more cost-effective than bridges and tunnels, we set out to quantitively investigate what factors affect the usage of pipe culverts, aiming to produce recommendations for their implementation in the landscape. Clutter-adapted bats were surveyed with ultrasound detectors in 269 pipe culverts in Sweden. Each pipe culvert was surveyed for one night each and 73 pipe culverts with a high recorded activity were revisited and surveyed with mist nets. <em>M. brandtii, M. daubentonii, M. mystacinus</em>, <em>M. nattereri,</em> and <em>P. auritus</em> were found to be flying in the pipe culverts. Factors affecting the activity and usage of the pipe culverts were the width of the pipe culverts, presence of water in the pipe culvert and the presence of forest at the openings of the pipe culvert. The results give insight into how pipe culverts could be designed and implemented in landscape planning to mitigate the fragmentation caused by roads and decrease their negative effects on clutter-adapted bats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 105553"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145689385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-12-29DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105570
Maximilian Nawrath , Bart Immerzeel , David N. Barton , Isabel Seifert-Dähnn
Urban sustainability efforts increasingly rely on blue-green infrastructure (BGI) to deliver essential ecosystem services in response to climate change, urbanisation, and declining public health. However, the ecosystem service outcomes of private developers using cost-effectiveness as a paradigm to design BGI measures remains poorly understood, particularly in operational urban planning contexts. This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of BGI measures within Oslo’s Blue-Green Factor (BGF), a planning tool that mandates minimum ecological performance requirements for new developments. We combined cost-effectiveness analysis with expert-based weighting of ecosystem services for 12 common BGI measures.
Our findings demonstrate substantial heterogeneity in cost-effectiveness across BGI measures in relation to ecosystem services, driven largely by cost variation and expected lifespan. Measures with simple vegetation layers (e.g. lawns, sedums) emerged as most cost-efficient due to low implementation costs and long lifetimes but delivered limited ecosystem service benefits. In contrast, structurally complex measures, such as green walls, intensive green roofs, and rain gardens performed better in regulating air pollution, reducing runoff, and supporting biodiversity, albeit at higher costs. Sensitivity analyses revealed cost variation as the dominant factor influencing cost-effectiveness.
Importantly, our cost-effectiveness analysis highlights that the current BGF framework may bias design choices towards low-cost, lower-performing BGI. To more accurately reflect ecosystem service contributions, Oslo’s BGF could benefit from revised weightings and spatially differentiated performance criteria tailored to local socio-ecological priorities. This study provides the first assessment of the BGF’s incentive effects and offers guidance for improving urban BGI planning tools.
{"title":"Challenges in incentivising ecosystem services in urban planning: Oslo’s Blue-Green factor biases blue-green infrastructure design towards low-cost measures","authors":"Maximilian Nawrath , Bart Immerzeel , David N. Barton , Isabel Seifert-Dähnn","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105570","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105570","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban sustainability efforts increasingly rely on blue-green infrastructure (BGI) to deliver essential ecosystem services in response to climate change, urbanisation, and declining public health. However, the ecosystem service outcomes of private developers using cost-effectiveness as a paradigm to design BGI measures remains poorly understood, particularly in operational urban planning contexts. This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of BGI measures within Oslo’s Blue-Green Factor (BGF), a planning tool that mandates minimum ecological performance requirements for new developments. We combined cost-effectiveness analysis with expert-based weighting of ecosystem services for 12 common BGI measures.</div><div>Our findings demonstrate substantial heterogeneity in cost-effectiveness across BGI measures in relation to ecosystem services, driven largely by cost variation and expected lifespan. Measures with simple vegetation layers (e.g. lawns, sedums) emerged as most cost-efficient due to low implementation costs and long lifetimes but delivered limited ecosystem service benefits. In contrast, structurally complex measures, such as green walls, intensive green roofs, and rain gardens performed better in regulating air pollution, reducing runoff, and supporting biodiversity, albeit at higher costs. Sensitivity analyses revealed cost variation as the dominant factor influencing cost-effectiveness.</div><div>Importantly, our cost-effectiveness analysis highlights that the current BGF framework may bias design choices towards low-cost, lower-performing BGI. To more accurately reflect ecosystem service contributions, Oslo’s BGF could benefit from revised weightings and spatially differentiated performance criteria tailored to local socio-ecological priorities. This study provides the first assessment of the BGF’s incentive effects and offers guidance for improving urban BGI planning tools.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 105570"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145883995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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