Landscape and Urban Planning最新文献_第7页

Vertical canopy structure dominates cooling and thermal comfort of urban pocket parks during hot summer days 在炎炎夏日，垂直树冠结构主导着城市口袋公园的降温和热舒适度

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105242

Si-Qi Zhou , Zhao-Wu Yu , Wei-Yuan Ma , Xi-Han Yao , Jun-Qi Xiong , Wen-Juan Ma , Shu-Yao Xiang , Qi Yuan , Ying-Ying Hao , Dong-Fan Xu , Ben-Yao Wang , Bin Zhao

In high-density urban areas, pocket parks offer significant potential to mitigate thermal discomfort. However, the specific contributions of horizontal and vertical canopy structures to pocket parks’ cooling and thermal comfort effects remain unclear. This study addresses this gap by selecting 14 typical pocket parks in Shanghai and collecting high-resolution canopy and thermal data using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Generalized additive models were applied to assess the relationships between thermal conditions and spatial variables. The cooling effects were quantified by comparing the relative differences in surface temperature (T_s) and air temperature (T_a) between the pocket parks and non-vegetated reference sites, while thermal comfort was assessed using the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI). The results revealed that: (1) On average, T_s was 3.98 °C lower, T_a was 1.18 °C lower, and UTCI was 3.74 °C lower in pocket parks than in non-vegetated sites. (2) A positive linear relationship was found between ΔUTCI and canopy coverage, indicating that increased canopy coverage enhances thermal comfort. (3) When considering three-dimensional (3D) metrics, mean foliage height was positively correlated with both ΔT_a and ΔUTCI, while foliage height diversity had a negative impact. Notably, the ΔUTCI decreased when the 3D green volume exceeded 22 m³, suggesting that parks with tall, single-layer canopies composed of multiple small trees, each with a 3D green volume below 22 m³, optimize thermal benefits in summer. This study provides critical insights into the cooling and thermal comfort effects of pocket parks, offering practical guidance for park maintenance and redesign, particularly in the context of urban heat mitigation and adaptation strategies.

在高密度城市地区，口袋公园在缓解热不适方面具有巨大潜力。然而，水平和垂直树冠结构对口袋公园降温和热舒适效应的具体贡献仍不清楚。本研究选择了上海 14 个典型的口袋公园，利用无人机（UAV）收集了高分辨率的冠层和热数据，从而填补了这一空白。应用广义加法模型来评估热条件与空间变量之间的关系。通过比较口袋公园与非植被参照地之间的地表温度（Ts）和空气温度（Ta）的相对差异来量化降温效应，同时使用通用热气候指数（UTCI）评估热舒适度。结果显示(1) 与无植被地点相比，口袋公园的平均温度（Ts）低 3.98 °C，平均气温（Ta）低 1.18 °C，平均热气候指数（UTCI）低 3.74 °C。(2) ΔUTCI 与树冠覆盖率呈正线性关系，表明增加树冠覆盖率可提高热舒适度。(3）在考虑三维（3D）指标时，平均叶片高度与ΔTa 和 ΔUTCI均呈正相关，而叶片高度多样性则呈负相关。值得注意的是，当三维绿化体积超过 22 立方米时，ΔUTCI 会降低，这表明，公园中由多棵小树组成的高大单层树冠，每棵树的三维绿化体积低于 22 立方米，可以优化夏季的热效益。这项研究为袖珍公园的降温和热舒适效应提供了重要见解，为公园的维护和重新设计提供了实用指导，特别是在城市热量减缓和适应战略的背景下。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing the efficacy of tributary upstream meander restoration on downstream landscape stability through computational modelling 通过计算模型评估支流上游河曲恢复对下游景观稳定性的影响

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105232

Mincong Wang , Joseph Claghorn , Lu Zhuo

Meander restoration has become a commonly advocated solution in flood-prone or ecologically degraded river networks. The long-term impact of such measures on the stability of the landscape at the catchment scale beyond the implementation site itself is critical to project success and for sustainable catchment management and needs to be considered by all stakeholders. It is challenging, however, to predict the overall contribution of meander restoration in stabilising the lower catchment and to make reasoned assumptions about the optimal placement, scale, and interconnected benefits of restoration projects based on an analysis of real-life cases due to the complexity and uniqueness of each catchment’s hydrology and the size and cost of such projects. Meanwhile, digital models can be utilised to test a wide variety of hypothetical futures so that the potential impacts of meander restoration can be understood in advance and limited resources can be better allocated to promote effective kinds of projects. In this study, computational modelling is employed to model the impacts of various upstream meander restoration scenarios on the downstream landscape due to erosion and deposition activities in northern England’s River Don catchment. The results indicate that compared to a baseline scenario, river restoration in tributaries effectively reduces downstream main channel sediment discharge and lateral migration activities. Upstream restoration projects prevent watershed deterioration more effectively than downstream projects. Clustering projects close to one other is more effective in reducing valley lateral erosion and deposition, as well as channel loading, compared to having projects dispersed across multiple tributaries.

恢复河曲已成为洪水易发或生态退化河网中普遍提倡的解决方案。这些措施对实施地点以外的集水区景观稳定性的长期影响对项目的成功和可持续集水区管理至关重要，需要所有利益相关者加以考虑。然而，由于每个集水区水文的复杂性和独特性以及此类项目的规模和成本，要预测河曲修复对稳定下游集水区的总体贡献，并根据对实际案例的分析对修复项目的最佳位置、规模和相互关联的效益做出合理的假设是非常具有挑战性的。同时，可以利用数字模型来测试各种假设的未来情况，从而提前了解河曲修复的潜在影响，更好地分配有限资源，促进各类项目的有效实施。本研究采用计算建模的方法，模拟英格兰北部顿河流域的侵蚀和沉积活动对下游景观造成的影响。结果表明，与基线方案相比，支流的河道恢复能有效减少下游主河道的泥沙排放和横向迁移活动。上游修复项目比下游项目更有效地防止了流域的恶化。与分散在多个支流的项目相比，将项目集中在彼此附近能更有效地减少河谷横向侵蚀和沉积以及河道负荷。

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引用次数: 0

Enabling wild nature experiences in cities: A spatial analysis of institutional and physical barriers to using wild nature areas in Vienna, Austria 促进城市中的野生自然体验：奥地利维也纳利用野生自然区的制度和物理障碍空间分析

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105228

Brenda Maria Zoderer, Christa Hainz-Renetzeder

Wild nature in cities can allow urban residents to experience and connect with nature close to their homes. Previous research has shown that wild nature areas (WNAs) can be found in various urban greenspaces, such as remnant vegetation in forests, wild corners in parks, or spontaneous vegetation on informal sites. However, little is known about their usability for urban residents and their potential to provide wild nature experiences across different urban environments. This paper examines the usability of WNAs in Vienna (Austria) through a spatial analysis of the institutional and physical barriers to use, considering barriers related to the availability, accessibility, and attractiveness of these greenspaces. A city-wide map of WNAs (n = 1298) was overlaid with spatial data on the presence of institutional and physical barriers, and complemented with a hierarchical cluster analysis to identify WNAs that share similar usability patterns. The cluster analysis confirms that WNAs vary significantly with regard to usability and that their usability is frequently constrained by the presence of multiple barriers. Furthermore, the usability of WNAs tends to be lower in high-density built-up areas, indicating that the possibilities to experience wild nature in the inner city are limited both in terms of lack of availability and relatively poor usability. We conclude that improving the usability of WNAs demands tailored and integrated approaches to urban planning and greenspace management and provide suggestions of how the usability of each identified WNA cluster can be increased.

城市中的野生自然可以让城市居民就近体验和接触大自然。以往的研究表明，野生自然区（WNAs）可以在各种城市绿地中找到，例如森林中的残余植被、公园中的野生角落或非正式场所中的自发植被。然而，人们对它们对城市居民的可用性以及在不同城市环境中提供野外自然体验的潜力知之甚少。本文通过对使用的制度和物理障碍进行空间分析，考虑与这些绿地的可用性、可及性和吸引力相关的障碍，研究了维也纳（奥地利）的 WNAs 可用性。在全市范围内绘制的 WNAs 地图（n = 1298）上叠加了有关存在机构和物理障碍的空间数据，并辅以分层聚类分析，以识别具有相似可用性模式的 WNAs。聚类分析证实，世界志愿网络在可用性方面存在显著差异，其可用性经常受到多重障碍的限制。此外，在高密度建筑区，野生动物保护区的可用性往往较低，这表明在内城体验野生自然的可能性有限，既缺乏可用性，可用性也相对较差。我们的结论是，要提高野生自然保护区的可用性，就必须在城市规划和绿地管理方面采取量身定制的综合方法，并就如何提高每个已确定的野生自然保护区集群的可用性提出建议。

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引用次数: 0

Using the Gini Index to quantify urban green inequality: A systematic review and recommended reporting standards 使用基尼指数量化城市绿色不平等：系统回顾和建议的报告标准

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2024-10-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105231

Alexander James Fricke Martin, Tenley M. Conway

Access to parks, ecosystem services, and urban trees support healthy people and communities. Unfortunately, access is often unequally distributed, leading to differential outcomes. Measuring the within-city distributional equality and comparing between cities can be facilitated by the Gini Index, a measure originally developed for economic disparities. To examine its applications in urban forestry and urban greening, a systematic review was conducted across 5 databases and 10 journals. Forty-one English, peer-reviewed articles were identified that used the Gini Index to measure urban green inequality, increasing exponentially since the first urban greening-related use of the Gini Index in 2011. Most studies were from China (n = 22, 54 %) and the United States (n = 10, 24 %). A Gini Index equation was reported in 27 studies (66 %) with 10 different variations used. Lorenz curves were included in 18 papers (44 %). The Gini Index was used to assess the distribution of parks and greenspaces (n = 28, 68 %), ecosystem disservices and services (n = 8, 20 %), and trees and street greenery (n = 7, 17 %). Fifteen papers (37 %) used multiple points in time to measure changes in inequality, including modeling future inequalities under different management scenarios. The Gini Index provides a quantitative measure of distributional inequality that facilitates comparisons between cities. The application of the Gini Index can help improve global comparative analyses, but only with consistent reporting of methods and findings. We provide recommended reporting procedures for researchers using the Gini Index, including 1) report the Gini Index equation, 2) visualize the Gini Index using a Lorenz curve, and 3) report the variable inputs. Greenspace research should also clearly define the inclusion/exclusion criteria of greenspace, differentiating parks versus green cover.

使用公园、生态系统服务和城市树木有助于人们和社区的健康。遗憾的是，公园的使用权往往分配不均，导致结果不同。基尼指数是一种最初针对经济差异而开发的测量方法，它可以帮助测量城市内部的分配平等性并在城市之间进行比较。为了研究其在城市森林和城市绿化中的应用，我们对 5 个数据库和 10 种期刊进行了系统性审查。结果发现，有 41 篇经同行评审的英文文章使用基尼指数来衡量城市绿化不平等现象，自 2011 年首次使用与城市绿化相关的基尼指数以来，这些文章的数量呈指数增长。大多数研究来自中国（22 篇，54%）和美国（10 篇，24%）。27 项研究（66%）报告了基尼系数方程，其中使用了 10 种不同的变式。有 18 篇论文（44%）采用了洛伦兹曲线。基尼指数被用于评估公园和绿色空间（28 篇，68%）、生态系统服务和服务（8 篇，20%）以及树木和街道绿化（7 篇，17%）的分布情况。15 篇论文（37%）使用多个时间点来衡量不平等的变化，包括模拟不同管理方案下的未来不平等。基尼系数是对分配不平等的量化测量，有助于城市之间的比较。基尼指数的应用有助于改进全球比较分析，但前提是必须对方法和结果进行一致的报告。我们为使用基尼指数的研究人员提供了建议的报告程序，包括：1）报告基尼指数方程；2）使用洛伦兹曲线直观显示基尼指数；3）报告变量输入。绿地研究还应明确界定绿地的纳入/排除标准，区分公园与绿化覆盖。

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引用次数: 0

Ecosystem restoration along the “pattern-process-service-sustainability” path for achieving land degradation neutrality 沿 "模式-过程-服务-可持续性 "路径恢复生态系统，实现土地退化中和

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105227

Caichun Yin , Wenwu Zhao , Paulo Pereira

Ecosystem restoration is critical in attaining land degradation neutrality (LDN) by fostering synergistic relationships between land use patterns, ecological processes, ecosystem services, and sustainable development, i.e., the “pattern-process-service-sustainability” cascading pathway. However, a comprehensive investigation examining the ecosystem restoration required to achieve LDN within the “pattern-process-service-sustainability” framework is yet to be undertaken. This study analysed the challenges associated with ecosystem restoration and proposed strategic approaches to promote restoration efforts aimed at LDN. Overall, various challenges exist encompassing trade-offs or conflicts between degradation and compensation, restoration and protection, area and structure, local and transboundary, as well as social and ecological factors. To address these challenges, potential restoration solutions for implementing LDN entail establishing restoration patterns that integrate conservation with restoration and co-manage plantations with natural ecosystems. Additionally, to foster resilient and self-regulating ecological processes, the focus is on improving ecological structure and harmonizing vegetation restoration with animal management. Enhancing overall ecosystem services requires reducing trade-offs within biophysical thresholds and compensating degraded land with equivalent quality land. Finally, integrating local livelihoods and well-being in ecosystem restoration and promoting transboundary land management are vital for fostering sustainability among social-ecological systems. This article underscores the practical significance of ecosystem restoration along the landscape pattern − ecological process − ecosystem services − sustainability continuum. The insights presented herein provide valuable support for enhancing global initiatives on ecosystem restoration, thereby facilitating the achievement of LDN and the SDGs.

通过促进土地利用模式、生态过程、生态系统服务和可持续发展之间的协同关系，即 "模式-过程-服务-可持续性 "的级联途径，生态系统恢复对于实现土地退化中性（LDN）至关重要。然而，在 "模式--过程--服务--可持续性 "框架内实现低密度土地网所需的生态系统恢复的全面调查尚未开展。本研究分析了与生态系统恢复相关的挑战，并提出了促进以 LDN 为目标的恢复工作的战略方法。总体而言，存在各种挑战，包括退化与补偿、恢复与保护、面积与结构、地方与跨界以及社会与生态因素之间的权衡或冲突。为应对这些挑战，实施 LDN 的潜在恢复解决方案需要建立将保护与恢复相结合的恢复模式，并对种植园与自然生态系统进行共同管理。此外，为了促进有弹性和自我调节的生态过程，重点是改善生态结构，协调植被恢复与动物管理。要增强生态系统的整体服务，就必须减少生物物理阈值内的权衡，并用同等质量的土地来补偿退化的土地。最后，将当地生计和福祉纳入生态系统恢复并促进跨界土地管理，对于促进社会生态系统的可持续性至关重要。本文强调了生态系统恢复在景观模式--生态过程--生态系统服务--可持续性这一连续统一体中的实际意义。本文提出的见解为加强生态系统恢复方面的全球倡议提供了宝贵的支持，从而促进了土地退化网络和可持续发展目标的实现。

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引用次数: 0

Urban Sprawl and Routing: A Comparative Study on 156 European Cities 城市无序扩张与路线选择：156 个欧洲城市比较研究

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105205

Roberto Maria Rosati

To address the growing challenges urban sprawl poses, it is essential to understand its influence on urban transportation, a primary source of economic, social, and environmental impact. This study fills this gap by quantifying the consequences of sprawl on transportation efficiency, proposing an interdisciplinary methodology that integrates knowledge from operations research.

Specifically, adopting a broad European perspective, we investigate how urban sprawl correlates with travel distances and optimal routes in 156 spatially heterogeneous cities across 28 European countries.

We discover a significant correlation between five sprawl indicators (Land usage, Gini coefficient, Shannon entropy, Moran I index, and Bribiesca index) and both travel distances and routes by car and bicycle: transportation is inherently less efficient in cities with higher levels of sprawl. Among the considered indicators, Shannon entropy emerges as the best predictor of route efficiency.

We offer insights into the geography of sprawl in Europe, finding that many Spanish cities stand out for their compactness and route efficiency, while hotspots of sprawl are present in many Western and Central European countries.

Our results underline the underestimated importance of addressing urban sprawl to reduce transportation’s economic, social, and environmental costs and encourage policymakers and urban planners to prioritize compact city development to foster sustainable urban growth.

为应对城市无计划扩展带来的日益严峻的挑战，必须了解其对城市交通的影响，因为城市交通是经济、社会和环境影响的主要来源。本研究通过量化无计划扩展对交通效率的影响来填补这一空白，并提出了一种整合了运筹学知识的跨学科方法。具体而言，我们采用广阔的欧洲视角，在 28 个欧洲国家的 156 个空间异质性城市中调查了城市无计划扩展与旅行距离和最佳路线之间的相关性。我们发现，五项无计划扩展指标（土地使用率、基尼系数、香农熵、莫兰 I 指数和布里比斯卡指数）与汽车和自行车的出行距离和路线之间存在明显的相关性：在无计划扩展程度较高的城市，交通效率必然较低。我们的研究结果强调了解决城市无计划扩展问题以降低交通的经济、社会和环境成本的重要性，并鼓励政策制定者和城市规划者优先发展紧凑型城市，以促进城市的可持续发展。

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引用次数: 0

Innovative communication strategies for promoting urban wildlife habitat conservation 促进城市野生动物栖息地保护的创新宣传战略

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105229

Mackenzie Waller , Michael V. Cove , Jaret C. Daniels , Ken P. Yocom

The emerging recognition of the importance of urban habitat and wildlife for increasing biodiversity, driven partly by responses to climate change and urbanization, presents critical opportunities for urban biodiversity conservation and species recovery. However, effectively communicating these benefits to the public and policymakers remains a challenge for scientists and landscape architects with public perceptions, often shaped by diverse socio-cultural factors, serving as obstacles for garnering support. Our research explores innovative communication strategies through an intersectional analysis of planning and design communications and theory in museology and presents a structured approach in the use of charismatic species within interpretive studies to enhance public empathy and the potential for action. This research offers a valuable foundation for planning and design professionals, guiding their efforts to promote urban wildlife habitat and bridge the gaps between scientific knowledge and public advocacy.

人们逐渐认识到城市生境和野生生物对增加生物多样性的重要性，这部分是由应对气候变化和城市化所驱动的，为城市生物多样性保护和物种恢复提供了重要机遇。然而，如何有效地向公众和政策制定者宣传这些益处仍然是科学家和景观设计师面临的一项挑战，因为公众的看法往往受各种社会文化因素的影响，成为争取支持的障碍。我们的研究通过对规划和设计交流以及博物馆学理论的交叉分析，探索了创新的交流策略，并提出了在解释性研究中使用魅力物种的结构化方法，以增强公众的共鸣和行动潜力。这项研究为规划和设计专业人员提供了宝贵的基础，指导他们努力促进城市野生动物栖息地的发展，弥合科学知识与公众宣传之间的差距。

引用次数: 0

Research Note: Multi-Algorithm-Based urban tree information extraction and Its applications in urban planning 研究说明：基于多算法的城市树木信息提取及其在城市规划中的应用

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105226

Chaowen Yao , Henna Fabritius , Pia Fricker , Fabian Dembski

Urban trees provide several vital social and environmental services. Within the field of urban planning, tree information is currently usually obtained through expensive and time-consuming fieldwork. This research presents a multi-algorithm methodology that extracts urban tree information, including tree location, absolute height, crown perimeter, and species (group) from airborne laser scanning (ALS) datasets and high-resolution aerial images. We first determine the location of trees from the ALS dataset. After a filtration step removing the erroneous tree locations, we simulate each location’s canopy based on aerial imagery. Finally, we utilize the extracted canopy images to perform tree species classification with deep learning. The validation assessment showed overall good credibility (>70 %) in urban areas and better performance (90 %) in street areas. Compared to other methods that require additional information collection, our methodology uses common data in city databases, enabling cities to collect and update large-scale tree information in a fast manner and supporting decision-makers with important information on understanding the value of urban green under the context of ecosystem services, urban heat islands, and CO2 mitigations.

城市树木提供了多种重要的社会和环境服务。在城市规划领域，目前通常通过昂贵而耗时的实地考察来获取树木信息。本研究提出了一种多算法方法，可从机载激光扫描（ALS）数据集和高分辨率航空图像中提取城市树木信息，包括树木位置、绝对高度、树冠周长和树种（群）。我们首先从 ALS 数据集中确定树木的位置。经过过滤步骤去除错误的树木位置后，我们根据航空图像模拟每个位置的树冠。最后，我们利用提取的树冠图像，通过深度学习进行树种分类。验证评估结果表明，在城市地区总体可信度较高（70%），而在街道地区表现更好（90%）。与其他需要额外收集信息的方法相比，我们的方法利用城市数据库中的常见数据，使城市能够快速收集和更新大规模树木信息，并为决策者提供重要信息，帮助他们了解生态系统服务、城市热岛和二氧化碳减排背景下的城市绿化价值。

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引用次数: 0

How small green spaces cool urban neighbourhoods: Optimising distribution, size and shape 小型绿地如何为城市街区降温：优化分布、大小和形状

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105224

Yehan Wu , Agnès Patuano , Bardia Mashhoodi , Sanda Lenzholzer , Andy Acred , Laura Narvaez Zertuche

How can green spaces smaller than 1 ha improve outdoor thermal conditions in urban neighbourhoods? Considering the variability of cooling effects based on the relevant urban design parameters of size, shape, and spatial distribution, this study entailed development of different design scenarios combining these parameters for four neighbourhood typologies and simulates the thermal sensation of these scenarios using ENVI-met. Three aspects of cooling effects — the inside and outside cooling as well as the Park Cool Island (PCI) effects of the green spaces are separately analysed. The study shows that inside the small green spaces, the mean Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) of different cases can vary up to 4 ℃. Larger green spaces with a squared shape lead to cooler PET inside. For a good cooling outside the green spaces, a configuration of grouped small green areas can reduce the PET by 1.3 ℃, with distribution of the green spaces being the most influential factor. The PCI effect is mainly determined by size and shape of the green spaces, where a bigger size and squared shape leads to better cooling effects. But for neighbourhoods with radial streets, it is more related to the spatial distribution, which can result in a reduction of 10.2 ℃ in PCI for linear green spaces next to narrow streets. Guidelines for effective design scenarios are generated from this research, providing urban designers and planners with practical reference in neighbourhood greening projects for cooler cities.

小于 1 公顷的绿地如何改善城市街区的室外热量条件？考虑到基于大小、形状和空间分布等相关城市设计参数的降温效果的可变性，本研究需要针对四种街区类型，结合这些参数制定不同的设计方案，并使用 ENVI-met 对这些方案的热感觉进行模拟。分别分析了冷却效果的三个方面--内部和外部冷却以及绿地的公园凉岛（PCI）效果。研究表明，在小型绿地内，不同情况下的平均生理等效温度（PET）最多可相差 4 ℃。绿地面积越大，形状越方正，内部的 PET 越低。如果绿地外的降温效果较好，分组小绿地的配置可使 PET 降低 1.3 ℃，绿地的分布是影响最大的因素。PCI 效果主要取决于绿地的大小和形状，绿地面积越大、形状越方正，降温效果越好。但对于有放射状街道的街区，它与空间分布的关系更大，狭窄街道旁的线性绿地可使 PCI 降低 10.2 ℃。这项研究为有效的设计方案提供了指导，为城市设计师和规划师开展凉爽城市街区绿化项目提供了实际参考。

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引用次数: 0

Where to fly? Landscape influences on the movement and spatial ecology of a threatened apex predator 飞向何处？景观对一种濒危顶级掠食者的运动和空间生态的影响

IF 7.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105218

Nicholas Carter , John G. White , William Bridgeman , Nick Bradsworth , Tobias A. Ross , Raylene Cooke

Effectively managing apex predators in human-modified landscapes poses considerable challenges. Habitat fragmentation disperses resources across wider expanses and undermines the ability of apex predators to reach isolated habitat patches as they traverse multi-tenured landscapes comprising unsuitable habitat. Understanding a species response to landscape configuration is key to informing effective management strategies, particularly for threatened, mobile and ecologically important species like apex predators. Here we use GPS tracking data collected from 37 powerful owls (Ninox strenua), an Australian threatened apex predator that occurs across the urban-agricultural-forest gradient, to investigate how landscape characteristics influence their spatial and movement behaviour. We demonstrate that as habitat fragmentation increases, the spatial requirements of powerful owls expand, their home-range shape becomes more intricate and individuals travel further each night, significantly adjusting their movement behaviours and spatial configurations to connect remaining habitat. Landscapes with unified and connected habitats, on the other hand, have smaller spatial requirements, likely due to greater habitat availability that minimises competition for essential resources. This facilitates the establishment of smaller home-ranges and consequently, the occurrence of more territories. Interestingly, landscape characteristics did not influence sequential nightly visitation behaviour, suggesting that powerful owls across all landscape types visit different portions of their home-range each night to exert an unpredictable hunting strategy regardless of local landscape conditions. Our research highlights the importance of integrating the influence of local landscape features and visitation behaviours into decision-making processes. This integration is crucial for informing effective conservation strategies aimed at supporting apex predator survival in disturbed landscapes.

在人类改造过的地貌中有效地管理顶级食肉动物面临着相当大的挑战。栖息地破碎化使资源分散在更广阔的范围内，削弱了顶级食肉动物到达孤立栖息地斑块的能力，因为它们要穿越由不适宜栖息地组成的多期景观。了解物种对景观配置的反应是制定有效管理策略的关键，尤其是对于像顶级食肉动物这样受到威胁、具有流动性和生态重要性的物种。在这里，我们利用从 37 只强大的猫头鹰（Ninox strenua）身上收集到的 GPS 跟踪数据来研究景观特征如何影响它们的空间和移动行为。我们的研究表明，随着栖息地破碎化程度的增加，强力猫头鹰的空间需求也随之扩大，它们的家园范围形状变得更加复杂，个体每晚都会走得更远，从而大大调整了它们的移动行为和空间配置，以连接剩余的栖息地。另一方面，栖息地统一且相互连接的地貌对空间的要求较小，这可能是由于栖息地的可用性更高，从而最大限度地减少了对基本资源的竞争。这有利于建立较小的家园范围，从而形成更多的领地。有趣的是，地貌特征并不影响夜访行为的先后顺序，这表明无论当地地貌条件如何，所有地貌类型的强力猫头鹰每晚都会访问其家域的不同部分，以实施不可预测的狩猎策略。我们的研究强调了将当地景观特征和拜访行为的影响纳入决策过程的重要性。这种整合对于制定有效的保护策略，支持顶级掠食者在受干扰地貌中生存至关重要。

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