Landscape and Urban Planning最新文献_第7页

Quantifying multi-decadal urban growth using Hexagon spy satellite imagery and deep learning building detection across four global cities 使用Hexagon间谍卫星图像和深度学习建筑检测对全球四个城市的数十年城市增长进行量化

IF 9.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105500

Franz Schug , Neda K. Kasraee , Akash Anand , MacKenzy T. Groth-Price , Mihai D. Nita , Afag Rizayeva , Volker C. Radeloff

Datasets capturing building distribution, size, function, and arrangement are essential for creating sustainable and resilient settlements. This is because building patterns directly affect human well-being, environmental conditions, and climate change. Remote sensing excels at accurately mapping building data. However, large-scale analyses often rely on medium-resolution satellite imagery, which lacks building-level detail, and multispectral high-resolution satellite imagery, capable of detecting individual buildings, is limited by the absence of data before 2000 when many world regions experienced rapid urban growth. Here, we evaluated the potential of high-resolution panchromatic Hexagon spy satellite imagery from the 1970s to map urban growth. We employed a Mask R-CNN deep learning model to detect building footprints in Hexagon imagery from 1972 to 1979 across four urban growth hotspots: San Diego County (USA), Madison (USA), Harare (Zimbabwe), and Hyderabad (India). Our model achieved high precision (0.83–0.91) and detected 73–94 % of the total building area at each site. However, recall, indicating higher false negative rates, was lower in in complex, dense urban environments (0.51–0.57 in Harare and Hyderabad) compared to more standardized US settlements (0.71–0.77). By comparing our data to contemporary building data, we found considerable urban structural changes and urban expansion reaching 350 % in our USA sites and 482 % in Harare. Despite lower accuracy than modern high-resolution analyses, our approach using Hexagon data extends the baseline for historic urban studies by three decades and is available globally, thus enabling mapping up to half a century of urban growth well before the availability of modern high-resolution satellite imagery.

捕获建筑分布、规模、功能和布局的数据集对于创建可持续和有弹性的住区至关重要。这是因为建筑模式直接影响人类福祉、环境条件和气候变化。遥感擅长于精确测绘建筑数据。然而，大规模分析往往依赖于缺乏建筑层面细节的中分辨率卫星图像，而能够探测单个建筑物的多光谱高分辨率卫星图像由于缺乏2000年之前的数据而受到限制，而2000年之前世界上许多地区经历了快速的城市增长。在这里，我们评估了20世纪70年代的高分辨率全色Hexagon间谍卫星图像在绘制城市增长地图方面的潜力。我们采用了Mask R-CNN深度学习模型来检测1972年至1979年四个城市增长热点的Hexagon图像中的建筑足迹：圣地亚哥县（美国）、麦迪逊（美国）、哈拉雷（津巴布韦）和海德拉巴（印度）。我们的模型获得了很高的精度（0.83-0.91），在每个站点检测到总建筑面积的73 - 94%。然而，回想一下，与更标准化的美国定居点（0.71-0.77）相比，在复杂、密集的城市环境中（哈拉雷和海得拉巴为0.51-0.57），假阴性率较高。通过将我们的数据与当代建筑数据进行比较，我们发现相当大的城市结构变化和城市扩张在我们的美国基地达到350%，在哈拉雷达到482%。尽管精度低于现代高分辨率分析，但我们使用Hexagon数据的方法将历史城市研究的基线延长了30年，并可在全球范围内使用，从而能够在现代高分辨率卫星图像可用之前绘制长达半个世纪的城市增长。

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引用次数: 0

Australian urban planners’ preparedness to act on climate change 澳大利亚城市规划者准备采取行动应对气候变化

IF 9.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105486

Anna C. HURLIMANN, Sareh MOOSAVI, Alan MARCH, Judy BUSH, Georgia WARREN-MYERS

Land use and development patterns have a significant impact on greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), and on managing the risk that climate change poses. Thus, urban planners play a critical role in addressing climate change, working with diverse built environment actors such as landscape architects. However, research indicates that while urban planners know about climate change, their self-perceived skills and competence are limited. This paper seeks to understand the preparedness of Australian urban planners to act on climate change (both mitigating GHG emissions and adapting to climate change impacts). Through in-depth interviews with 23 diverse Australian urban planners, preparedness to act on climate change is explored using Moser and Luers’ AAA climate change preparedness theory: Awareness of climate change; Analytical capacity to address climate change; and Actions taken to address climate change. Most respondents were able to identify climate change risks (awareness). Climate change risks were being assessed (analytical capacity) at a minimum through planning policy and tools informed by flood modelling and other risk assessments. In more progressive practice, planners draw upon internal or external climate change expertise beyond the planning system tools. The most frequently stated action taken by respondents to address climate change was the development of policies and strategies within their own organisation – from development of climate adaptation plans by those working in government, to organisational sustainability plans for those in the private sector. Results indicate the urban planning system is at times a facilitator of climate change action. A proportion of respondents were only exposed to climate change information, analytical capacity and actions due to planning tools. A framework of climate change preparedness was developed, demonstrating examples of low to high preparedness observed across respondents. The paper identifies characteristics of urban planning cliamte change front-runners, and suggests ways to progress climate change action through urban planning practice.

土地利用和开发模式对温室气体排放（GHG）和管理气候变化带来的风险具有重大影响。因此，城市规划者在应对气候变化方面发挥着关键作用，与景观设计师等不同的建筑环境参与者合作。然而，研究表明，虽然城市规划者了解气候变化，但他们自我感知的技能和能力有限。本文旨在了解澳大利亚城市规划者为应对气候变化（减少温室气体排放和适应气候变化影响）所做的准备。通过对23位不同的澳大利亚城市规划者的深度访谈，本文运用Moser和Luers的AAA气候变化准备理论探讨了应对气候变化的准备工作：气候变化意识；应对气候变化的分析能力；应对气候变化的行动。大多数受访者能够识别气候变化风险（意识）。气候变化风险的评估（分析能力）至少是通过洪水模型和其他风险评估提供信息的规划政策和工具进行的。在更进步的实践中，规划者利用内部或外部的气候变化专业知识，而不是规划系统工具。受访者为应对气候变化而采取的最常见的行动是在自己的组织内制定政策和战略——从政府工作人员制定的气候适应计划，到私营部门的组织可持续性计划。结果表明，城市规划系统有时是气候变化行动的推动者。由于规划工具，一部分受访者只接触到气候变化信息、分析能力和行动。制定了一个气候变化准备框架，展示了在答复国中观察到的从低到高准备情况的例子。本文确定了城市规划应对气候变化领跑者的特点，并提出了通过城市规划实践推进应对气候变化行动的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Cross-national comparison of the restorative potential of urban forests in different seasons 不同季节城市森林恢复潜力的跨国比较

IF 9.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105491

Xiaohao Yang , David Grace , Chongxian Chen , Derek Van Berkel , Nathan Fox , Mark Lindquist

Understanding how people perceive environmental features is important for designing restorative and inclusive landscapes. While landscape perception is known to affect psychological responses, how this varies with cultural background and seasonal change is less well known. This study investigated whether and how culture affects the restorative potential of urban forests in different seasons via an online experiment using 360-degree videos recorded in summer and fall. Environmental characteristics were extracted from visible vegetation of images, acoustic metrics were computed based on sound recordings, and landscape spatial features were analyzed through viewshed analysis with LiDAR-derived digital models. Restorative potential was elicited from 104 participants in 12 randomly selected sites within forest, field, and water site types. Results from linear mixed-effects models show restorative potential depends upon cross-national differences in response to seasonal change and landscape attributes of greenness, foreground depth, and horizontal area, highlighting the need to consider the cultural contexts of present and future users in planning, designing, and managing urban forests for restorativeness. Restorative potential was lower in fall scenes with larger horizontal area for Chinese participants compared to Americans, whereas it increased more steeply with greenness for Chinese participants. Addressing the need for restoration in urban forests, we discuss considerations for balancing vegetation and landscape spatial attributes based on the cultural characteristics of multiple visitor groups.

了解人们如何感知环境特征对于设计恢复性和包容性景观非常重要。虽然已知景观感知会影响心理反应，但它如何随文化背景和季节变化而变化却鲜为人知。本研究通过使用夏季和秋季录制的360度视频进行在线实验，调查文化是否以及如何影响城市森林在不同季节的恢复潜力。从图像的可见植被中提取环境特征，根据录音计算声学度量，并利用激光雷达衍生的数字模型通过视域分析分析景观空间特征。在12个随机选择的地点，包括森林、田野和水域，对104名参与者进行了恢复电位的研究。线性混合效应模型的结果显示，恢复潜力取决于不同国家对季节变化和景观属性（绿化率、前景深度和水平面积）的响应差异，这突出表明，在规划、设计和管理城市森林的恢复性时，需要考虑当前和未来用户的文化背景。与美国人相比，中国参与者在水平面积较大的秋季场景中恢复潜力较低，而中国参与者的恢复潜力随着绿化面积的增加而急剧增加。针对城市森林恢复的需要，从不同游客群体的文化特征出发，讨论了平衡植被和景观空间属性的考虑。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring the influence of plant form barriers and naturalness on visitors’ perceptions to park landscapes: a study of interactions between safety, privacy and preference 探索植物形态障碍和自然对游客对公园景观感知的影响：安全、隐私和偏好之间相互作用的研究

IF 9.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105494

Aleksandra Lis

Safety is often considered a priority when designing and maintaining urban parks. The need for privacy is much less frequently considered in this context, although the chance to seek out quiet places in a park may be an important motivation for visiting and may help to meet the social needs of city dwellers. Therefore, it is worth conducting research on people’s feelings and preferences, whereby the two variables of privacy and safety are examined simultaneously.

This study examined how the features of plant forms in a city park (the type of barriers they create and the naturalness of the plants) simultaneously affect sense of safety, privacy and preference, as well as the mechanism of the relationships between these three variables.

This study was based on intra-group factorial design, where respondents assessed park spaces presented in photos. The photos were manipulated based on AI (Artificial Intelligence) algorithms, as a result, 16 photos were devised according to the research plan: 2 (scene: with a path vs without a path) × 2 (naturalness: natural vs sculpted) × 4 (barriers; screen vs hideout vs functional barrier vs no barrier). The study, conducted in the form of an online survey using the CAWI (computer assisted web interview) method, involved 300 participants. Statistical analyses examined variance (repeated measures ANOVA) and mediating effects (mediation).

It was found that naturalness and barriers have different (opposite) effects on privacy and safety: in general, naturalness reduces safety and increases privacy, while barriers act in this way: the stronger the barrier, the greater the privacy and the weaker the sense of safety. Testing two mediation models (more precisely: suppression) confirmed that the positive impact of sense of privacy on preference is inhibited by sense of safety and vice versa – the positive impact of sense of safety on preference is inhibited by sense of privacy.

This research demonstrates that within the tested spatial features (barriers, naturalness), it is not possible to shape a space that simultaneously provides a high sense of privacy and safety. However, in places featuring plant barriers, sculpting greenery may strengthen the sense of safety while maintaining the privacy offered by the plant cover.

在设计和维护城市公园时，安全通常被认为是优先考虑的问题。在这种情况下，对隐私的需要很少被考虑，尽管在公园里寻找安静的地方的机会可能是一个重要的动机，可能有助于满足城市居民的社会需求。因此，有必要对人们的感受和偏好进行研究，同时考察隐私和安全这两个变量。

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引用次数: 0

A systematic review of geographically informed ecological momentary assessment studies on the place-based correlates of mental health, substance use and wellbeing 对地理上知情的关于心理健康、物质使用和幸福的地方相关性的生态瞬间评估研究的系统回顾

IF 9.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2025-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105487

Ronja Christensen , Charlotte Constable Fernandez , Noémie Topalian , Laura Vaughan , Kimon Krenz , Alexandra Pitman , Anne-Kathrin Fett

Place characteristics are associated with mental health and wellbeing, yet mechanisms and pathways are not well understood. Geographically explicit ecological momentary assessment (GEMA) is a real-time data collection method that captures individuals’ experiences and behaviours in their natural environments, minimising recall bias and enhancing ecological validity. Previous reviews have underscored the feasibility of GEMA studies to deliver important insights on relationships between mental health and wellbeing and place. This systematic review provides a narrative synthesis of the existing GEMA literature on place-based correlates of mental health and wellbeing in daily life. We searched PubMed, PsycINFO and Embase, using a systematic search strategy to identify relevant English-language studies that used EMA and geographical information to assess place and mental health, wellbeing and/or substance use and their relationship. Studies were included if either the exposure (place) or outcome (mental health, substance use or wellbeing) was assessed in the moment. We identified 33 eligible studies. Eleven focused on nature exposure, 19 on built environment characteristics, and three studies on ambient characteristics. Place-based factors were assessed through various objective and subjective indicators (e.g. Global Positioning System signal, descriptions of nature sounds or noise levels). Regardless of study methodology, exposure to nature was consistently associated with better mental health and higher wellbeing, with small to moderate effect sizes. Specific urban characteristics were linked to poorer mental health and increased substance use. Despite much heterogeneity in study methodologies, our results suggest that EMA in conjunction with geographical information can advance the understanding of the place-mental health and wellbeing nexus. Although these findings reinforce well-established associations, relatively few GEMA studies have examined how place-based exposures influence mental health over time, limiting the ability to infer causal mechanisms. We discuss implications for urban planning, policy making and mental health and wellbeing support through place-based interventions.

地方特征与心理健康和幸福有关，但机制和途径尚不清楚。地理显式生态瞬间评估（GEMA）是一种实时数据收集方法，可以捕捉个人在自然环境中的经历和行为，最大限度地减少回忆偏差，提高生态有效性。以前的审查强调了全球环境评估研究的可行性，以提供关于心理健康和福祉与地点之间关系的重要见解。本系统综述对日常生活中基于场所的心理健康和福祉相关因素的现有GEMA文献进行了叙述综合。我们搜索了PubMed、PsycINFO和Embase，使用系统的搜索策略来确定相关的英语研究，这些研究使用EMA和地理信息来评估地点和心理健康、福祉和/或物质使用及其关系。如果对暴露（地点）或结果（心理健康、物质使用或幸福感）进行了评估，则包括研究。我们确定了33项符合条件的研究。11项研究关注自然暴露，19项研究关注建筑环境特征，3项研究关注环境特征。通过各种客观和主观指标（例如全球定位系统信号、自然声音描述或噪音水平）评估基于地点的因素。无论采用何种研究方法，接触大自然始终与更好的心理健康和更高的幸福感相关，影响大小为小到中等。特定的城市特征与较差的心理健康和增加的药物使用有关。尽管研究方法存在很大的异质性，但我们的结果表明，EMA与地理信息相结合可以促进对地点-心理健康和幸福关系的理解。尽管这些发现加强了既定的关联，但相对较少的GEMA研究调查了基于地点的暴露如何随着时间的推移影响心理健康，限制了推断因果机制的能力。我们讨论了通过基于地的干预措施对城市规划、政策制定和心理健康和福祉支持的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Greenspace exposure and its dual role as mediator and moderator in the relationship between urban density and mental health 绿地暴露及其在城市密度与心理健康关系中的中介和调节双重作用

IF 9.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2025-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105497

Liu Hongxiao , Pang Yujin , Jiao Min , Sun Xiao , Ren Hai , Luo Le , Han Taotao , Li Yuan , Zheng Shanwen , Sui Chunhua

The relationship between urban density, urban green space (UGS) exposure, and mental health remains complex and understudied, particularly in rapidly urbanizing cities notably characterized by high-density development. Based on a survey of 824 respondents in Guangzhou, China, this study advanced prior research by systematically unraveling the dual roles of UGS exposure: UGS visitation played as a mediator and UGS availability served as a moderator in the urban density–mental health nexus—a critical gap in existing literature. Our key findings indicated that: (1) Urban density exhibited context-dependent effects: its impacts on three mental health indicators (depression, life satisfaction and sense of worthwhilenss) hinged on UGS availability. (2) Visiting community gardens, municipal parks, and waterfront UGS was particularly effective in reducing depression risk, enhancing life satisfaction, and fostering a sense of worthwhileness, respectively. Engaging with communal gardens and municipal parks was positively associated with all three mental health outcomes. The effects of UGS visitation on mental health surpassed those of UGS availability and urban density. (3) Crucially, we revealed a dual mechanism: UGS visitation fully mediated the adverse effects of high density on mental health, while UGS availability moderated this relationship, mitigating negative impacts of high urban density. These findings provide novel empirical evidence for optimizing UGS planning: increasing UGS and its visitation can reduce the negative mental health impacts of high urban density and prioritizing communal gardens and municipal parks is advisable, given their positive effects on three mental health outcomes.

城市密度、城市绿地暴露与心理健康之间的关系仍然复杂且研究不足，特别是在以高密度发展为显著特征的快速城市化城市中。基于对广州824名受访者的调查，本研究通过系统地揭示UGS暴露的双重作用：UGS访问在城市密度-心理健康关系中起中介作用，而UGS可获得性在城市密度-心理健康关系中起调节作用，这是现有文献的一个重要空白。研究结果表明：(1)城市人口密度表现出情境依赖效应，城市人口密度对抑郁、生活满意度和价值感三个心理健康指标的影响取决于城市人口密度的可获得性。(2)参观社区花园、市政公园和滨水UGS分别在降低抑郁风险、提高生活满意度和培养价值感方面特别有效。参与公共花园和市政公园与所有三种心理健康结果呈正相关。UGS访问对心理健康的影响超过了UGS可用性和城市密度的影响。(3)研究揭示了一个双重机制：城市人口密度对心理健康的负面影响完全由城市人口密度访问介导，而城市人口密度可获得性调节了这一关系，缓解了城市人口密度对心理健康的负面影响。这些发现为优化UGS规划提供了新的经验证据：增加UGS及其访问量可以减少高城市密度对心理健康的负面影响，优先考虑公共花园和市政公园对三种心理健康结果的积极影响是可取的。

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引用次数: 0

Vertical regulation of thermal stress by canopy structure in urban forests: The role of species composition 城市林冠层结构对热应力的垂直调节：物种组成的作用

IF 9.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2025-09-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105495

Jia Jia , Lei Wang , Yunlong Yao , Sungmin Lee , Robert D. Brown , Zhongwei Jing , Yalin Zhai , Zhibin Ren , Xingyuan He

Urban forest canopies serve as effective thermal buffers, yet their potential to mediate human heat stress through structural complexity remains underexplored. This study quantified canopy height, heterogeneity, and diversity characteristics, and examined their relationships with mean radiant temperature (T_mrt) across tree species with distinct cooling capacities. It further evaluated the overall cooling effects of forest community structure using a Generalized Additive Model (GAM) combined with Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS), and identified key structural thresholds influencing thermal regulation under varying levels of species compositional diversity via a segmented GAM. We found that: (1) Tree species with varying cooling performance differed by 1.43 °C in cooling intensity (mean T_mrt) and 0.013 in cooling stability (CV of T_mrt), with T_mrt in Strong–Stable performers exhibiting significant negative correlations with canopy height and vertical heterogeneity (r = –0.35 to –0.69, p < 0.001); (2) Overall T_mrt variation across communities was primarily driven by canopy height, with the NMDS axis explaining 30.9 % of the variation (p < 0.001). Heterogeneity characteristics, as indicated by mean outer canopy height, top rugosity, and canopy relief ratio, accounted for 27.9 %, while diversity characteristics contributed less (11.6 %); (3) With increasing species compositional variability, the structural response of T_mrt shifted from being dominated by a single factor to a coordinated regulation by multiple structural characteristics. In high-variability communities, mean height, top rugosity, canopy relief ratio, and vegetation area index jointly influenced T_mrt, with the model explaining 53.8 % of its variation. This study sheds light on the dynamic role of tree canopy structures in regulating thermal stress, offering insights for microclimate-responsive urban landscape design.

城市森林冠层是有效的热缓冲层，但其通过结构复杂性调节人类热应激的潜力仍未得到充分探索。本研究量化了不同制冷能力树种的冠层高度、异质性和多样性特征，并研究了它们与平均辐射温度（Tmrt）的关系。采用广义加性模型（GAM）结合非度量多维尺度（NMDS）进一步评价了森林群落结构的整体降温效应，并通过分段GAM确定了不同物种组成多样性水平下影响热调节的关键结构阈值。结果表明：(1)不同冷却性能树种的冷却强度（平均Tmrt）和冷却稳定性（CV）分别相差1.43°C和0.013°C，其中强稳定树种的冷却稳定性与冠层高度和垂直异质性呈显著负相关（r = -0.35 ~ -0.69, p < 0.001）；(2)群落间Tmrt总体变化主要受冠层高度驱动，NMDS轴解释30.9%的变化（p < 0.001）。异质性特征（平均冠层外高、顶阔度和冠层起伏比）占27.9%，多样性特征占11.6%；(3)随着物种组成变异性的增加，Tmrt的结构响应由单一因素主导向多种结构特征协同调节转变。在高变率群落中，平均高度、顶阔度、冠层起伏比和植被面积指数共同影响Tmrt，该模型解释了其53.8%的变化。该研究揭示了树冠结构在调节热应力中的动态作用，为微气候响应型城市景观设计提供了见解。

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引用次数: 0

Participatory mapping with young people: Advancing on procedural justice 参与测绘与年轻人：推进程序正义

IF 9.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2025-09-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105492

Romina RODELA , Sofia LUNDMARK , Emma NORSS

This study explores the role of young people in urban planning through the lens of procedural justice, focusing on their engagement and participation in research seeking to further youth use and perception of public space. Conducted in Huddinge Municipality, Sweden, the research involved youth as co-researchers in participatory mapping exercises to document their spatial preferences and experiences. Findings highlight the importance of inclusive urban planning that recognizes young people as legitimate stakeholders. Liked spaces were often those that supported social interaction, physical activity, and autonomy, while disliked spaces in the municipality were those the young respondents associate with fear and feelings of discomfort. This study casts a perspective on the need for planning practices that accommodate diverse youth perspectives and promote equitable access to public spaces. Despite challenges in institutional uptake, the research demonstrates the potential of youth participatory methods to inform our understanding and practice for advancing towards more just and responsive urban governance. This work contributes to ongoing debates on spatial justice and the inclusion of marginalized groups in urban decision-making.

本研究通过程序正义的视角探讨了年轻人在城市规划中的作用，重点关注他们在旨在促进年轻人使用和感知公共空间的研究中的参与和参与。这项研究在瑞典哈丁格市进行，让年轻人作为共同研究人员参与绘制地图的活动，记录他们的空间偏好和经历。调查结果强调了包容性城市规划的重要性，承认年轻人是合法的利益相关者。喜欢的空间通常是那些支持社会互动、身体活动和自主性的空间，而不喜欢的空间是那些年轻受访者与恐惧和不适感联系在一起的空间。本研究提出了规划实践的需求，以适应不同的青年观点，促进公共空间的公平获取。尽管在机构吸收方面存在挑战，但该研究表明，青年参与式方法有潜力为我们的理解和实践提供信息，以推进更公正、更积极的城市治理。这项工作有助于开展关于空间正义和将边缘化群体纳入城市决策的辩论。

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引用次数: 0

Planning open and green spaces in Europe: Examining the importance of land-use regulations and their pursuit of efficiency and equity objectives 规划欧洲的开放和绿色空间：考察土地使用法规的重要性及其对效率和公平目标的追求

IF 9.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2025-09-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105489

Daniels Saakjans , Simona R. Gradinaru , Anna M. Hersperger

Open and green (O&G) spaces are central to sustainable, liveable and safe urban environments. As they are able to deliver many interconnected benefits within city constraints, O&G spaces are commonly used to promote public well-being, protect natural habitats, control pollution, mitigate natural hazards, and more. Despite their importance, O&G spaces are increasingly under pressure in densifying areas with growing urban populations. This calls for a better understanding of the land-use regulations responsible for their provision, protection and management. As a cornerstone of local planning in Europe, these regulations are crucial for sustainable urban management, which can benefit from the systematic analysis of their importance and objectives. Here, we use an online expert survey across 30 European countries to analyse the importance of local land-use regulations in the planning and permission-granting process and the extent to which they pursue efficiency and equity objectives. We form six groups of O&G space regulations for the study, based on their focus: (1) nature preservation, (2) pollution, (3) hazard mitigation, (4) safety, (5) availability and (6) access. Results show a clear order of importance among the groups, with nature preservation being the main regulatory concern. We observe an overall balanced pursuit of efficiency and equity in Europe, with some regulation groups focusing on efficiency over equity and vice versa. Nonetheless, significant variation in this balance emerges among countries. These findings are expected to provide an empirical basis for much-needed theory development and future comparative research on land-use regulations and O&G spaces.

开放和绿色空间是可持续、宜居和安全的城市环境的核心。由于它们能够在城市约束下提供许多相互关联的好处，因此o&g空间通常用于促进公共福祉，保护自然栖息地，控制污染，减轻自然灾害等。尽管它们很重要，但在城市人口不断增长的密集地区，O&；G空间正面临越来越大的压力。这就要求更好地了解负责提供、保护和管理这些土地的土地使用条例。作为欧洲地方规划的基石，这些法规对可持续城市管理至关重要，可以从对其重要性和目标的系统分析中受益。在这里，我们通过对30个欧洲国家的在线专家调查来分析当地土地使用法规在规划和许可授予过程中的重要性，以及他们追求效率和公平目标的程度。我们将o&&g空间规则分为六组进行研究，基于它们的重点：(1)自然保护，(2)污染，(3)危害缓解，(4)安全，(5)可用性和(6)可及性。结果显示，这些群体之间的重要性排序明显，自然保护是主要的监管关注点。我们观察到，在欧洲，效率与公平的追求总体上是平衡的，一些监管机构更注重效率而不是公平，反之亦然。然而，这种平衡在各国之间出现了显著差异。这些研究结果有望为土地利用规制与o&g空间的理论发展和未来的比较研究提供实证基础。

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引用次数: 0

Temporal changes in soil dissimilarity are driven by synergistic effects of tree types and geographical distance in city parks 城市公园树木类型和地理距离的协同效应驱动土壤差异的时间变化

IF 9.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Landscape and Urban Planning

Pub Date : 2025-09-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105496

Saeed ur Rahman , Yucheng Bian , Xinxin Liu , Chang Zhao , Peiyuan Wang , Muhammad Khalid , Asad Rehman , Junfeng Cao , Noel Bruguera Amarán , Nan Hui

Urban parks play a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem functions within cities, making the study of their soil and microbial dynamics essential. This study investigates the temporal dynamics of soil properties and microbial community diversity across urban parks in Shanghai, exploring how intra-urban land-use characteristics, particularly park age and vegetation type, shape microbial community composition, with bacterial communities expected to respond more strongly to environmental homogenization and fungal communities, especially functional guilds, being more closely tied to vegetation traits. We observed distinct differences in soil physicochemical properties and microbial communities among city parks of different ages. Fungal communities maintain conserved distinction across tree types, while bacterial communities demonstrated remarkable functional and structural convergence. It is noteworthy that the changes in alpha and beta diversity exhibit inconsistent patterns across time, while the rate of convergence in beta diversity responses to intra-urbanization varies among taxonomic groups. The synergistic interaction between tree types composition and geographical distance is a key driver shaping soil microbial diversity, and neither factor alone is sufficient to account for significant diversity changes along the age gradient. Populations with high overall richness but low single-species abundance contributed more to alpha and beta diversity, including rare species and specialist species. Overall, this study highlights the importance of tree types composition in shaping microbial community diversity, providing valuable insights to complement intra-urban tree planting strategies.

城市公园在维持城市生物多样性和生态系统功能方面发挥着至关重要的作用，因此对其土壤和微生物动态的研究至关重要。本研究考察了上海城市公园土壤性质和微生物群落多样性的时间动态，探讨了城市内部土地利用特征（特别是公园年龄和植被类型）如何影响微生物群落组成，其中细菌群落对环境同质化的响应更强烈，真菌群落（特别是功能行会）与植被特征的联系更紧密。不同年限的城市公园土壤理化性质和微生物群落存在明显差异。真菌群落在不同树型之间保持着保守的差异，而细菌群落则表现出显著的功能和结构趋同。值得注意的是，α和β多样性随时间的变化规律不一致，而β多样性对城市化响应的收敛速度在不同分类类群之间存在差异。树种组成与地理距离之间的协同作用是影响土壤微生物多样性的关键驱动因素，任何一个因素都不足以解释土壤微生物多样性沿年龄梯度的显著变化。总体丰富度高、单物种丰富度低的种群对α和β多样性的贡献更大，包括稀有物种和特有种。总体而言，本研究强调了树木类型组成在塑造微生物群落多样性中的重要性，为补充城市内植树策略提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0