Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics最新文献

{"title":"Simulating high-translation-speed tornado-like vortex effects on building aerodynamics through a rapid traversing system","authors":"Stefano Brusco ,&nbsp;Adrian Costache ,&nbsp;Timothy John Acosta ,&nbsp;Gregory A. Kopp","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106313","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106313","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents the development of a rapid traversing system for WindEEE Dome, designed to investigate variations in flow characteristics and the transient aerodynamics of buildings subjected to translation speeds representative of full-scale tornadoes. A moving section of the floor was constructed with a 12.8 m track that spanned the test chamber. The track allows the movement of a cart and an elliptical aluminum baseplate on rails through the action of a servo-motor and a system of chains. The results of the first experimental campaign with the new system are examined in detail. The baseplate was equipped with pressure taps for flow characterization and fitted with a pressure model of a low-rise building to examine its transient aerodynamic response. Cobra Probes were installed to simultaneously measure the tornadic wind field samples. Several nominally identical repeats were carried out with the system translating through a spatially-stationary tornado-vortex with a swirl ratio of 0.76 for two different translation speed (<span><math><mrow><mo>∼</mo></mrow></math></span> 1.5 m/s and <span><math><mrow><mo>∼</mo></mrow></math></span> 4.2 m/s). The traversing system was also used to simulate a quasi-static translation of the tornado-like flows; hence, effects of different levels of translation speed on flow characterization, and pressure distributions and forces of the building model are discerned.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 106313"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145791342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical investigation of the adhesion of particles to rectangular prisms with different side ratios","authors":"Kyohei Noguchi,&nbsp;Yuta Tsubokura ,&nbsp;Yuki Tsuda,&nbsp;Tomomi Yagi","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106319","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The scattering of particles and adhesion to a structure are important in engineering applications. In this study, flow and particle scattering analyses around rectangular prisms with different side ratios were performed using CFD to discuss the effects of flow pattern on scattering and adhesion distribution on the surfaces. Particularly for particles with a small Stokes number, for rectangular prisms with smaller side ratios, where the duration of reattachment of the separated flow was relatively short, the particles were transported to the surfaces in the order of front, back, and side, with some particles adhering to each face. For prisms with larger side ratios, the particles were transported in the order of the front, side, and back, which was characterized by a local adhesion peak around the middle of the side surface. The increasing Stokes number resulted in a less followability to a flow and contributed to a unique adhesion distribution. Finally, the relationship between the adhesion distribution and the surface pressure on the prisms was investigated to further discuss the scattering mechanisms and propose an estimation model for adhesion. The gradient in the along-surface direction of the time-averaged pressure provided a good reproduction of the adhesion distribution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 106319"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145791343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An aerodynamic database of wind loads on gable and hip roof buildings","authors":"Timothy John Acosta ,&nbsp;Stefano Brusco ,&nbsp;Yitian Guo ,&nbsp;Jin Wang ,&nbsp;Gregory A. Kopp","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106314","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106314","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Experimental wind tunnel databases are essential for determining design wind loads on buildings for a range of applications, including building code development and database-assisted design. Such databases have played a key role in developing data-driven methods and validating numerical simulations in recent years. Despite their importance, there are limited publicly available databases. This paper presents wind tunnel data obtained at Western University, which aims to address the gap for data on low-to mid-rise gable and hip-roof buildings. The database encompasses 154 different cases, examining the impacts of non-dimensional building geometry parameters and roof shape on the resulting aerodynamic loads. Notably, it includes 74 gable and 80 hip roof-shaped building cases, all with a roof slope 6/12 across open and suburban terrain categories. The paper examines the geometric aspect ratio limits as to when the gable or hip roof can be considered aerodynamically flat with respect to the total base shear. For gable-roofed buildings, the contribution of the mean and the variance of the base shear loads of the walls and roof collapse relatively well with respect to the mean roof height-to-length (<span><math><mrow><mi>h</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>L</mi></mrow></math></span>) ratio, where the length, <span><math><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow></math></span>, is the plan dimension parallel to the wind direction. The contribution of the roof reduces to less than 3 % when <span><math><mrow><mi>h</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>L</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></math></span>. For uplift, the contribution of the windward roof and leeward roof to the total uplift was examined. For <span><math><mrow><mi>h</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>L</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></math></span>, the leeward roof contributes more to the total uplift. As for the hip roof, the contributions of the walls and roof collapse are observed to be a function of the height-to-breadth (<span><math><mrow><mi>h</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>B</mi></mrow></math></span>) ratio, where the breadth, <span><math><mrow><mi>B</mi></mrow></math></span>, is the plan dimension perpendicular to the wind direction. The contribution of the hip roof to the total base shear is less than 1 % when <span><math><mrow><mi>h</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>B</mi><mspace></mspace><mo>&gt;</mo><mspace></mspace><mn>1.25</mn></mrow></math></span> for the <span><math><mrow><mi>L</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>B</mi></mrow></math></span> ratios considered in the database. The controlling geometric aspect ratios are different for a gable and hip roof due to how these parameters alter the projected roof area that contributes to the total base shear. Generally, when the hip or gable roof contributes to the total base shear, the peak design base shear is smaller than a case with a flat roof.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 106314"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145791344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study of an improved heave plate device to control bridge flutter","authors":"Jie Wang ,&nbsp;Wanbo An ,&nbsp;Fuyou Xu ,&nbsp;Mingjie Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhanbiao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106320","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106320","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents an improved heave plate device (IHPD) to control the flutter of long-span bridges. The heave plate is suspended beneath the deck, and through the transmission apparatus, it undergoes vibration in water with amplitudes and speeds several times those of the deck. It is important to note that IHPDs are deployed only when extreme wind conditions are forecasted and do not interfere with regular navigation. Combined wind tunnel and water tank experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the device in controlling flutter in segmental models of two bridge decks. The effects of plate mass, plate size, and the transmission shaft diameter ratio were systematically investigated. The results indicated that this device can effectively increase the onset wind speed of both soft and hard flutter, and significantly reduce the amplitude of soft flutter at the same wind speed. The size and mass of the heave plate, along with the diameter ratio of the transmission shafts, have considerable impacts on the control efficiency of the device. Based on the similarity principle, the parameters and results of the models are converted to real bridges to provide a reference for the parameter design of IHPD in real bridge applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 106320"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145791434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Learning interpretable environment-dependent stochastic discrepancy equations for bias correction and epistemic uncertainty quantification of tropical cyclone models","authors":"Xi Zhong ,&nbsp;Wenjun Jiang ,&nbsp;Jize Zhang ,&nbsp;Ahsan Kareem","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106311","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106311","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a generalizable stochastic discrepancy discovery framework to integrate observation into calibrating environment-dependent tropical cyclone (TC) models. Existing environment-dependent TC models often suffer from biases due to oversimplified physics, while their deterministic nature prohibits proper quantification of epistemic uncertainties arising from modeling inadequacies. To simultaneously address the task of bias correction and uncertainty quantification, this paper treats the existing model as prior knowledge and discovers parameter-efficient interpretable stochastic governing equations for their modeling discrepancies against historical TC observations, leveraging symbolic regression and stochastic processes.</div><div>As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrate our approach in improving the TC track and intensity simulations in the Western Northern Pacific basin, through individual historical TC hindcasts and statistical validation. Influence from the track and intensity model uncertainties is measured. We also focus on the practical task of typhoon wind hazard assessment. Our estimated wind speed generally agrees with the code recommendations, and the confidence intervals are well calibrated to include results from alternative models. Overall, the proposed framework provides a principled approach to enhance the environment-dependent TC models, paving the way for more informed TC simulation under changing climates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 106311"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145791345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of three types of roll structures in the typhoon boundary layer","authors":"Hehe Ren ,&nbsp;Jimy Dudhia ,&nbsp;Shitang Ke ,&nbsp;Shujin Laima ,&nbsp;Wen-Li Chen ,&nbsp;Hui Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The boundary layer is crucial to understanding the potential damage caused by typhoons, as the organized motions within it significantly affect the transfer of momentum, heat, moisture, and other substances. In the present study, three types of roll structures are identified in the typhoon boundary layer. The Type-A roll structure, caused by shear instability (0 &lt; Ri &lt; 0.25), has two modes. Mode-I is associated with the tangential wind, located slightly inside the radius of maximum wind and oriented vertically upward, with the roll axis nearly parallel to the tangential wind. Mode-II is associated with the radial wind, located at the radius of maximum wind and tilted upward, with the roll axis nearly parallel to the radial wind. Furthermore, at the same radius, Mode-I dominates at a higher height, while Mode-II dominates at a lower height. The dominant mode shifts from Mode-I to Mode-II as typhoon intensity increases, as more intense typhoons tend to exhibit annular characteristics with a more tilted eyewall structure. The Type-B roll structure, caused by inertial instability, is reflected in the flat region of total angular momentum and is located just outside the radius of maximum wind, with the roll axis nearly parallel to the radial wind. The Type-C roll structure, caused by inflection point instability, is located outside the Type-B roll structure, with the roll axis nearly parallel to the tangential wind. An accurate understanding of the mechanisms of these three types of roll structures plays a significant role in research on typhoon structure, numerical prediction models, disaster assessment models, and wave and storm surge dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 106317"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145791346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and aerodynamic mechanism of flexible membranes for mitigating vortex-induced vibration of a long-span bridge","authors":"Haoyu Xu ,&nbsp;Chaoqun Wang ,&nbsp;Kun Yan ,&nbsp;Libo Meng ,&nbsp;Xugang Hua ,&nbsp;Zhengqing Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flexible membranes (FM) have been proved to be effective in suppressing vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of bluff bodies; however, the design and aerodynamic mechanism of FMs for VIV mitigation of bridges have not been fully investigated. In this study, the unexpected VIV recently observed in a cable-stayed bridge is described, and a comprehensive experimental study of VIV mitigation using FMs is presented. A series of wind tunnel tests are carried out on a sectional model of the bridge girder, to study the effect of installation location, geometric width, material and spanwise distance of FMs on their VIV-mitigation performance. After a series of aerodynamic optimization, segmented FMs installed under the wind fairings of the girder can successfully mitigate the large-amplitude VIV of the Π-shaped girder in both ‘no-vehicle’ and ‘traffic jam’ situations. Furthermore, smoke-wire visualization technology is employed for flow visualization in the tests. The wake instability, as well as the aerodynamic interference between spanwise and streamwise vortices resulted from FMs, are supposed to be the aerodynamic mechanisms for VIV mitigation of the girder. This study lays a foundation for the practical application of FMs in emergency VIV-mitigation of long-span bridges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 106316"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145738653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wall-attached and detached turbulence structures in the urban atmospheric surface layer under thermal stratification","authors":"Liping Zhu ,&nbsp;Jiao Chen ,&nbsp;Bo Jin ,&nbsp;Wanting Liu ,&nbsp;Xuebo Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106315","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the scale-dependent energy characteristics ofwall-coherent and wall-incoherent turbulent motions in the atmospheric surface layer (ASL) under different thermal stratification regimes. Field measurements were conducted on flat, thermally homogeneous terrain using a vertical array of sonic anemometers to obtain high-frequency measurements of streamwise (<span><math><mi>u</mi></math></span>), spanwise (<span><math><mi>v</mi></math></span>), and temperature (<span><math><mi>θ</mi></math></span>) fluctuations. A spectral decomposition method based on linear coherence analysis separated wall-attached structures from background turbulence, allowing for a detailed assessment of energy partitioning across scales. The results show that the slope of the energy spectra within the inertial subrange decreases systematically with the Monin–Obukhov stability parameter, with coherent components exhibiting greater sensitivity to buoyancy effects than incoherent ones. The relative contribution of coherent energy increases under unstable stratification but diminishes with wall-normal height, indicating a progressive breakdown of surface-connected motions. In contrast, incoherent energy becomes more dominant farther from the ground. These trends are especially evident in the streamwise velocity and temperature spectra and are consistent with the scaling behavior of wall-attached eddies. These results elucidate turbulence organization in thermally stratified boundary layers and enable multiscale parameterization for outdoor environments, supporting urban heat mitigation modeling, building microclimates, and the thermal performance under varying atmospheric conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 106315"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145738654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aerodynamic interference mechanism of adjacent dual-separated highway bridge on the aeroelastic characteristics of a long-span high-speed railway bridge","authors":"Zhiwei Xu ,&nbsp;Yan Jin ,&nbsp;Tianrui Zhang ,&nbsp;Haiyan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106312","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106312","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aerodynamic interference significantly influences the aeroelastic stability of parallel bridges. This study investigates the parallel railway-highway Quanzhou Bay Cross-sea Bridge, employing Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations to systematically examine the influence of four key factors: incoming wind direction, horizontal spacing, vertical spacing, and angle of attack (AOA). The investigation also examines the influence of the Reynolds number on the railway bridge's flutter derivatives in the presence of this interference. Results indicate that the adjacent bridge significantly alters the local flow field and pressure distribution of the railway bridge, thereby affecting the values and evolution of its flutter derivatives, particularly when the railway bridge is on the leeward side. Different flutter derivatives exhibit varying sensitivities to this interference, with certain derivatives demonstrating considerable robustness. The study further reveals complex, nonlinear coupling effects between the AOA and aerodynamic interference, which can lead to a significant amplification of specific cross-derivatives at certain positive angles. Furthermore, the influence of the Reynolds number on the flutter derivatives is substantial; some derivatives, notably <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mi>H</mi><mn>1</mn><mo>*</mo></msubsup></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mi>A</mi><mn>1</mn><mo>*</mo></msubsup></mrow></math></span>, exhibit abrupt changes driven by flow regime transitions within specific Reynolds number ranges. These results provide theoretical guidance and a practical reference for the wind-resistant design of parallel bridge systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 106312"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145738660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential application of aeroelastic energy harvesters with two symmetrical bionic streamlined ornaments","authors":"Hao-ting Shen ,&nbsp;Zhong-cai Zhang ,&nbsp;Hui-min Song ,&nbsp;Meng Qi ,&nbsp;Wei-yang Qin ,&nbsp;Hai-tao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inspired by avian wings and the unique streamlined body of fish, this manuscript introduces a wind energy harvester featuring two symmetrical bionic streamlined ornaments. A theoretical framework is derived and verified via numerical simulations and wind tunnel tests. Wind tunnel tests are conducted to examine the characteristics of a piezoelectric aeroelastic energy harvester, which is equipped with two streamlined ornaments symmetrically attached to the surface of the cuboid bluff body. Varying thickness-chord ratios (<em>TCr</em>), ornament positions and <em>h</em>_<em>b</em>/<em>D</em>_<em>B</em> (<em>h</em>_<em>b</em> is the height of the ornament, <em>D</em>_<em>B</em> is the diameter of the cuboid bluff body) cause the wind energy harvester to exhibit distinct vibration modes: vortex-induced vibration (VIV) and galloping. At a wind speed of 5 m/s, C-M-0.5 achieves an 82.4 % increase in maximum RMS output voltage compared to the cuboid bluff body, while C-M-0.2 and C-B-0.3 reduce the critical galloping wind speed by 15.38 %. Combined with three-dimensional flow field analysis, this study explores the essential physical mechanisms underlying energy harvesting performance enhancement. The analysis of vortex vector plots, boundary-layer separation velocities, and differential pressure distributions has revealed the mechanisms of aerodynamic improvement. Subsequent application tests confirm the wind energy harvester's reliability for low-power electronics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 106299"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145738659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}