Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics最新文献_第2页

A novel non-Gaussian analytical wake model of yawed wind turbine

IF 4.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics

Pub Date : 2025-02-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106040

Tian Li , Qingshan Yang , Chuang Zhang , Chengyu Ren , Min Liu , Tong Zhou

Yaw-based wake control optimizes wind farm performance, necessitating an accurate analytical wake model for yawed wind turbines. Existing studies predominantly employ Gaussian models to predict yawed wind turbine wakes, which struggle to capture non-Gaussian characteristics induced by yaw-misalignment, such as bimodal distributions and skewness. This research introduces an innovative non-Gaussian wake framework for yawed wind turbines, incorporating momentum and mass conservation, through numerical and analytical studies. The Rotating Actuator Disk Model-Large Eddy Simulation (ADMR-LES) is used to model a yawed wind turbine, and the wake characteristics including wake deflection, asymmetric patterns, and self-similarity are examined. Our findings inform the development of a comprehensive wake framework for yawed wind turbines, addressing three key aspects: wake deflection, velocity deficit patterns, and added turbulence distribution. The proposed model is validated against both wind tunnel experimental data and numerical simulation data, demonstrating higher accuracy than existing wake models, particularly in describing the asymmetry of wake velocity distribution under yawed conditions and the evolution from bimodal to unimodal distribution.

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引用次数: 0

The application of the quasi-steady vector model to low-rise buildings with sloped roofs

IF 4.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics

Pub Date : 2025-02-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106056

Yitian Guo, Gregory A. Kopp

This paper examines the performance of the quasi steady (QS) vector models on low-rise building roofs of different shapes and slopes. Wind tunnel tests were conducted for low-rise building models with gable and hip roofs of different slopes and compared with data from a flat roof building, for which the QS vector model is known to be accurate. It is observed that the performance of the QS vector model for sloped roofs on low-rise buildings depends on the details of the local flow field and aerodynamics. These models have good accuracy for regions with flow separation but are much less accurate for regions with attached or reattached flow. For regions on sloped roofs with flow separations, the QS vector model is less accurate than for the equivalent separated flow (leading edge) regions on flat roofs when there is separation at the eaves but has a similar level of performance when there is no leading edge separation on the windward roof prior to the separation at the ridge. This is because the separated flow over the leeward portions of the gable and hip roofs is disrupted by the developing windward roof boundary layers when the flow separates at the eaves. Velocity measurements positioned one roof height above the ridge are effective to conduct quasi-steady analysis for the leeward faces of gable and hip roofs where flow separation controls the local aerodynamics. This single probe location is less effective for windward roof faces, which would require different methods to capture the QS fluctuations associated with the developing roof boundary layers.

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引用次数: 0

Flow field simulation and protective effectiveness research on sand barriers by computational fluid dynamics (CFD)- a review 利用计算流体动力学 (CFD) 进行沙障流场模拟和防护效果研究--综述

IF 4.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics

Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106024

Peipei Fan, Xiaoxu Wu

Sand barriers are indispensable protective measures in the early stage of sand control, which could effectively increase subsurface roughness and reduce wind erosion. Advances in CFD techniques render simulation of airflow around sand barriers more efficient and intuitive, to accurately analyze airflow mechanisms and comprehensively optimize barrier design. Abundant CFD studies on sand barriers have been conducted, but a systematic review is still lacking. Based on four sets of keywords including barrier, CFD simulation, incoming flow conditions and shelter effect evaluation, we conducted a literature search on numerical simulation studies of sand barriers primarily in Web of Science core database by now, and 152 research papers were finally included. This paper presents the airflow and wind-blown sand flow structures around various types of sand barriers, systematically summarizes the impact of barrier geometrical parameters (porosity, height, shape, and arrangement) and incoming flow conditions (incoming wind speed and wind direction) on the protective effect of sand barriers, and provides a comprehensive summary of evaluation indexes on the shelter effect of sand barriers. On this basis, we discuss the irreplaceable advantage of CFD technology and the limitations of current research. Accordingly, we propose four aspects for future CFD research, including sand barrier optimization under real underlying surface conditions, simulations using realistic sand barrier models, research on flexible sand barriers, and investigations into comprehensive protective measures that integrate sand barriers. This study hopes to provide insight into CFD research and engineering application of sand barriers.

{"title":"Flow field simulation and protective effectiveness research on sand barriers by computational fluid dynamics (CFD)- a review","authors":"Peipei Fan, Xiaoxu Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sand barriers are indispensable protective measures in the early stage of sand control, which could effectively increase subsurface roughness and reduce wind erosion. Advances in CFD techniques render simulation of airflow around sand barriers more efficient and intuitive, to accurately analyze airflow mechanisms and comprehensively optimize barrier design. Abundant CFD studies on sand barriers have been conducted, but a systematic review is still lacking. Based on four sets of keywords including barrier, CFD simulation, incoming flow conditions and shelter effect evaluation, we conducted a literature search on numerical simulation studies of sand barriers primarily in Web of Science core database by now, and 152 research papers were finally included. This paper presents the airflow and wind-blown sand flow structures around various types of sand barriers, systematically summarizes the impact of barrier geometrical parameters (porosity, height, shape, and arrangement) and incoming flow conditions (incoming wind speed and wind direction) on the protective effect of sand barriers, and provides a comprehensive summary of evaluation indexes on the shelter effect of sand barriers. On this basis, we discuss the irreplaceable advantage of CFD technology and the limitations of current research. Accordingly, we propose four aspects for future CFD research, including sand barrier optimization under real underlying surface conditions, simulations using realistic sand barrier models, research on flexible sand barriers, and investigations into comprehensive protective measures that integrate sand barriers. This study hopes to provide insight into CFD research and engineering application of sand barriers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 106024"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stochastic flutter of wind turbine blades under turbulence and load perturbations: Implications on offshore wind energy 湍流和负载扰动下风力涡轮机叶片的随机飘动：对海上风能的影响

IF 4.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics

Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106041

Luca Caracoglia

The current trend in offshore wind energy is to design and install blades with larger swept areas that yield unprecedented efficiency. Long and slender blades are needed to achieve this objective. As a result of aerodynamic and structural tailoring, the blades are sensitive to various dynamic instability phenomena during standard operations. Among these phenomena, coupled flap-wise bending and torsion flutter may lead either to structural failure or system breakdown.

The author has been examining blade flutter under the influence of stochastic perturbations, which include both flow turbulence and aeroelastic load variability. A reduced-order Markov model has been used to describe the effects of the various perturbations. Mean-square stability has been considered. Numerical results suggest that perturbations may negatively impact the flutter angular speed and increase the risk of a failure.

In this study the model is employed to investigate moment stability beyond mean squares. Since the dynamic instability involves nonlinear propagation of the perturbations, flutter may exhibit amplitude dependency. Therefore, third-moment stochastic instability is thoroughly investigated. Stability of a reference wind turbine blade is examined. Results are also compared against preliminary simulations presented at the “9th International Colloquium on Bluff Body Aerodynamics and Applications”.

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引用次数: 0

A novel nested BO-LM-BPNN method for wind pressure field prediction of non-isolated low-rise buildings

IF 4.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics

Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106047

Ning Zhao , Peilun Xie , Xiaowei Chen

The prediction of wind pressure field of non-isolated low-rise building is a prerequisite for the wind-resistant design of building structures. Due to the powerful performance of physical wind tunnel tests and computational fluid dynamic simulations, they have been widely used to directly obtain and predict the wind pressure field of non-isolated low-rise buildings. However, these two methods are susceptible to the economy and time cost constraints respectively. Moreover, because non-isolated low-rise buildings usually have complex surrounding environments, it is difficult for these two methods to obtain the wind pressure fields under all complex working conditions. In this study, a nested Bayesian optimization (BO)-Levenberg Marquardt (LM)-backpropagation neural network (BPNN) method is proposed. Firstly, based on the measured wind pressure field data under some representative working conditions, the conversion relationship between multi-input and single-output of wind pressure field using BPNN model is derived. Then, the hyperparameters and trainable parameters in BPNN model are optimized by BO and LM algorithms respectively. Finally, a nested input structure is established to further improve the accuracy of high-order moments and peak values of wind pressure field. Numerical results show the proposed method has high accuracy in the prediction of the wind pressure field of non-isolated low-rise buildings. The nested input structure can further improve the prediction accuracy of high-order moments and peak values in hazardous areas of roof. Therefore, the research results can serve as a reference for studies on wind pressure fields and wind loads of non-isolated low-rise buildings.

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引用次数: 0

Optimization of TMDs for multimode vortex-induced vibration control of flexible structures with closely spaced modes

IF 4.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics

Pub Date : 2025-02-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106043

Mengfei Huang, Fuyou Xu, Mingjie Zhang

Previous research on optimizing tuned mass dampers (TMDs) for vortex-induced vibration (VIV) control has generally assumed that VIV is governed by a single mode. For structures that may exhibit VIVs across multiple modes, a separate TMD can be designed for each mode based on this assumption. However, in structures with closely spaced modes, the VIV response within the lock-in range of a specific mode can be influenced by both the dominant mode and other secondary modes due to TMD attachments, making the single-mode assumption inaccurate and the TMDs designed based on this assumption ineffective. This study provides a comprehensive investigation into the modal coupling phenomenon in the VIV responses of flexible structures with TMD attachments. The equations of motion for a general flexible structure-TMDs system are established, accounting for both the resonant mode and non-resonant secondary modes of the primary structure. It is demonstrated that TMD attachments can induce modal coupling in the VIV responses of various structures. The strength of these modal coupling effects is significantly influenced by the proximity of the frequencies of adjacent modes and the mass of the TMDs. A decoupling criterion is derived, demonstrating that modal coupling can be mitigated by appropriately positioning the TMDs. A novel procedure is proposed for determining TMD parameters for multimode VIV control in flexible structures with closely spaced modes, which ensures that each TMD primarily affects its target mode by strategically placing the TMDs, thereby minimizing the modal coupling effects resulting from their installation.

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引用次数: 0

Surrogate-based aerodynamic shape optimization for train geometry design

IF 4.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics

Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106044

Xiaoshuai Huo , Tanghong Liu , Xiaodong Chen , Zhengwei Chen , Xinran Wang

An enhanced parametric construction method of train model is presented to deal with shape optimization problems in this paper. The dimensional parameters of the train shape are sufficiently implemented in the global optimization for the first time. The size of the cross-sectional area and the vehicle volume are considered as nonlinear constraints thus making the optimization as close to the specification as possible. An optimization algorithm and a surrogate evaluation procedure are employed to facilitate design optimization for large-scale numerical simulations. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the designed surrogate-based optimization method, the aerodynamic shape optimization problems of the leading vehicle of a typical high-speed train ICE 3 is considered in terms of drag reduction and crosswind stability. Insights into the initial variable design space are provided by the results of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. These results indicate that the length of a uniform section of the train significantly contributes to the drag coefficient, while the train's height is the most critical design parameter for the side force coefficient. Concerning the drag coefficient without crosswind and the side force coefficient with crosswind, two single-objective optimization procedures are developed separately to minimize the two objectives, resulting in reductions in drag and side force coefficients of approximately 22.30% and 24.31%, respectively. On this basis, a multi-objective optimization procedure is performed to obtain a Pareto front. Although the optimization strength of the side force coefficient is obviously higher than that of the drag coefficient, the relative changes indicate that both objectives are in the same order of significance.

{"title":"Surrogate-based aerodynamic shape optimization for train geometry design","authors":"Xiaoshuai Huo , Tanghong Liu , Xiaodong Chen , Zhengwei Chen , Xinran Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An enhanced parametric construction method of train model is presented to deal with shape optimization problems in this paper. The dimensional parameters of the train shape are sufficiently implemented in the global optimization for the first time. The size of the cross-sectional area and the vehicle volume are considered as nonlinear constraints thus making the optimization as close to the specification as possible. An optimization algorithm and a surrogate evaluation procedure are employed to facilitate design optimization for large-scale numerical simulations. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the designed surrogate-based optimization method, the aerodynamic shape optimization problems of the leading vehicle of a typical high-speed train ICE 3 is considered in terms of drag reduction and crosswind stability. Insights into the initial variable design space are provided by the results of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. These results indicate that the length of a uniform section of the train significantly contributes to the drag coefficient, while the train's height is the most critical design parameter for the side force coefficient. Concerning the drag coefficient without crosswind and the side force coefficient with crosswind, two single-objective optimization procedures are developed separately to minimize the two objectives, resulting in reductions in drag and side force coefficients of approximately 22.30% and 24.31%, respectively. On this basis, a multi-objective optimization procedure is performed to obtain a Pareto front. Although the optimization strength of the side force coefficient is obviously higher than that of the drag coefficient, the relative changes indicate that both objectives are in the same order of significance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 106044"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Short-term extreme wind speed forecasting using dual-output LSTM-based regression and classification model

IF 4.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics

Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106035

Paraskevi Modé , Cristoforo Demartino , Christos T. Georgakis , Nikos D. Lagaros

This study introduces a methodology for forecasting extreme wind speeds (EWS) using a dual-output long short-term memory and transformer (LSTM-Transformer) model that combines regression and classification techniques. The process involves three stages: establishing extreme event thresholds using extreme value analysis (EVA), training the model on historical weather data for precise point forecasting and classification, and calibrating the output for accurate extreme event identification. The model is trained using a combination of the losses corresponding to each output with tuned weights. Evaluated using data from Los Angeles, Chicago, and Houston, for a 60 and 90 min forecast interval, the model demonstrates reasonable performance in specific climatic conditions, outperforming its single-output regression and classification counterparts in terms of both accuracy and generalisation. This indicates strong potential for real-world applications in specific regions. Crucially, the study reveals that the forecast performances of the model are closely related to the imbalance ratios, highlighting a significant link between the model’s performance and the distribution of wind speed within the dataset. This highlights the importance of considering the imbalance ratio in the predictive model, especially when integrating EVA according to typical engineering practices. This innovative approach offers a reliable and flexible framework for enhancing EWS predictions, contributing significantly to the safety and decision-making processes in managing infrastructures.

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引用次数: 0

Experimental simulation of downburst-like outflows and the associated dynamic properties of a self-supported transmission tower

IF 4.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics

Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106032

Yongli Zhong , Eric Savory , Yichen Liu , Zhitao Yan , Yan Li , Qike Wei

This paper focuses on the replication of a downburst outflow with the plane wall jet approach and reports on the response of an aero-elastic model of a self-supported tower subjected to that outflow. The stationary and non-stationary wall jet flow is studied through velocity measurements at various elevations and downstream distances. The results indicate that the normalized mean velocity profiles from the current steady flow tests have a good agreement with the empirical models of the vertical profile for downbursts. The influence of the Reynolds number (Re) on the decay weakens when Re > 30,000. A rotating-gate device can generate the primary characteristics of the non-stationary downburst-like wind. The power spectral density of the residual turbulence from the generated non-stationary wind is consistent with the synoptic wind. The full-scale downburst recorded from the Andrews Air Force Base is used as the target event to verify the experimental procedure. The aero-elastic testing results show that the resonance contribution can reach more than 60% of the total fluctuating response of tower. There is no clear trend for the displacement and acceleration response with the change of downstream distance of the tower.

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引用次数: 0

Vortex induced vibration analysis of a twin-box bridge deck by means of 3D LES simulations

IF 4.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics

Pub Date : 2025-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106015

A.J. Álvarez, F. Nieto

Twin-box decks are prone to suffer vortex-induced vibrations (VIV). Although this phenomenon has been widely studied experimentally, there are still gaps in our understanding about the complex interplay between the incoming flow, the windward and leeward boxes, and the potential oscillation of the deck. This work exploits the ability of 3D LES simulations to simulate complex aeroelastic phenomena to delve into the linkage between aerodynamic forcing and heave oscillation through detailed analysis of comprehensive datasets. Several reduced velocities are studied in the VIV-prone range of the bare deck of the Stonecutters Bridge, analysing the spectra of the time-histories of force coefficients, for the overall deck and individual boxes, and heave oscillations. Similarly, the contribution of the local lift coefficient has been studied along with the work done by the deck and the individual boxes at different reduced velocities. It has been found that the leeward box is the one governing the overall VIV response of the deck. The spanwise-averaged time-averaged work distribution around the deck permits the identification of those regions contributing to the heave oscillation build-up, enabling the design of aerodynamic countermeasures for mitigation of VIV tailored for the specific deck geometry and dynamical properties of the deck.

{"title":"Vortex induced vibration analysis of a twin-box bridge deck by means of 3D LES simulations","authors":"A.J. Álvarez, F. Nieto","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Twin-box decks are prone to suffer vortex-induced vibrations (VIV). Although this phenomenon has been widely studied experimentally, there are still gaps in our understanding about the complex interplay between the incoming flow, the windward and leeward boxes, and the potential oscillation of the deck. This work exploits the ability of 3D LES simulations to simulate complex aeroelastic phenomena to delve into the linkage between aerodynamic forcing and heave oscillation through detailed analysis of comprehensive datasets. Several reduced velocities are studied in the VIV-prone range of the bare deck of the Stonecutters Bridge, analysing the spectra of the time-histories of force coefficients, for the overall deck and individual boxes, and heave oscillations. Similarly, the contribution of the local lift coefficient has been studied along with the work done by the deck and the individual boxes at different reduced velocities. It has been found that the leeward box is the one governing the overall VIV response of the deck. The spanwise-averaged time-averaged work distribution around the deck permits the identification of those regions contributing to the heave oscillation build-up, enabling the design of aerodynamic countermeasures for mitigation of VIV tailored for the specific deck geometry and dynamical properties of the deck.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 106015"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143349646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0