Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics最新文献

英文中文

Square-section prism with rounded edges in a uniform cross-flow: Effect of incidence angle and Reynolds number on the (un)steady aerodynamics and proneness to galloping

IF 4.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105993

Nils Paul van Hinsberg, Annika Frede

The steady and unsteady aerodynamics of a slightly rough square-section prism with rounded edges of

r / D

= 0.16 is studied experimentally for a wide range of Reynolds numbers and incidence angles. Surface pressures, time-averaged and fluctuating lift, drag, and pitch moment coefficients, as well as eddy shedding frequencies are measured simultaneously for Reynolds numbers between 100,000 and 8 million. Analysis of the data reveals drastic changes in the cross-sectional surface pressure distribution with increasing Reynolds number for all incidence angles between −45° and 3.25°, caused by the promotion of the separated-shear-layer reattachment on the side faces owing to the rounded edges. At

α

= 0°, an unbounded supercritical flow regime exists, while at larger absolute incidence angles the upper transition and transcritical flow regimes appear and gradually spread over an increasing range of Reynolds numbers. The transitions from the critical to the supercritical flow regime and further to the upper transition are accompanied by sign reversals of the lift and pitch moment. Thereupon, the classical quasi-steady galloping models are applied to determine the stability boundaries of transverse and torsional galloping depending on the incidence angle and Reynolds number. Moreover, at specific combinations of both governing parameters the eddy shedding is fully suppressed.

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引用次数: 0

A comprehensive review, CFD and ML analysis of flow around tandem circular cylinders at sub-critical Reynolds numbers

IF 4.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105998

Mariam Nagi Amer , Ahmed Abuelyamen , Vladimir B. Parezanović , Ahmed K. Alkaabi , Saeed A. Alameri , Imran Afgan

The hybrid review paper meticulously examines crucial research on tandem cylinders across a broad range of Reynolds (

R e

) numbers, extending up to

170, 000

for Strouhal (

S t

) and

300, 000

for pressure coefficients (

C_{P}

). By consolidating findings on various flow parameters, including Strouhal number, drag (

C_{D}

), lift (

C_{L}

), and pressure coefficients (

C_{P}

), the paper advocates the use of experimental and three-dimensional numerical data, exclusively omitting two-dimensional numerical data, especially at higher

R e

numbers. To this end, the predictive performance of different machine learning techniques-such as XGBoost, genetic optimization, ensemble modeling, and Random Forest-was evaluated using numerical simulations and data sourced from literature. The results demonstrate that, given a sufficiently large dataset, these techniques can accurately predict flow variables like Strouhal number and pressure coefficients with minimal computational cost. However, it is crucial to use only three-dimensional datasets for such analyses. The study identifies Random Forest and XGBoost models as the most accurate in forecasting flow-induced oscillations and pressure distributions around the cylinders, exhibiting the lowest mean squared errors for Strouhal number and pressure coefficient predictions.

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引用次数: 0

Spanwise flow control of bridge deck using Bayesian optimization technique

IF 4.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105955

Xiaolong Deng , Qiulei Wang , Wenli Chen , Gang Hu

This study introduces a novel framework in bridge wind engineering, merging Bayesian optimization (BO) with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to optimize spanwise control parameters for the Great Belt bridge deck. This study leverages the BO framework for an automated, data-driven adjustment of the blow-suction sinusoidal spanwise perturbation (SSP) parameters at the leading and trailing edges of bridge decks. The primary aim is to finely tune the SSP control, stimulating the secondary instability in the spanwise vortices in the wake flow field. This process effectively generates streamwise vortices to suppress the spanwise ones, significantly mitigating fluctuating aerodynamic forces and vortex-induced vibration of the bridge deck, improving its aerodynamic stability. The results demonstrate that the BO framework-driven SSP control method can efficiently reduce the aerodynamic forces while finding the optimal SSP wavelength. Furthermore, through the optimization of multi-parameter variables in SSP control, the optimal combination of amplitudes and wavelengths for the SSP are achieved. Additionally, it was found that blow-suction at the trailing edge of the bridge deck is more effective than at the leading edge.

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引用次数: 0

Post-critical flow over arrangements of multiple rough cylinders

IF 4.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105964

David Burton, Gershom Easanesan, Anil Pasam, Christopher Brown, Daniel Tudball Smith, Mark C. Thompson

In this study, a comprehensive set of wind-tunnel experiments was undertaken to gain insight into the variation of force coefficients (lift and drag) across different wind angles and spacings for equidistant cylinder arrangements (two, three, and four cylinders) in post-critical flows. The effect of both the cylinder spacing and wind incidence angle was examined for a roughness Reynolds number of approximately 770. The broad trends in the force coefficients previously observed for cylinders in sub-critical flow are shown to persist in post-critical flow, although the magnitudes of the coefficients are different, particularly for the maximum lift coefficient. Additionally, several methods are examined for predicting the forces experienced by multiple cylinder combinations using data obtained from the two-cylinder case. In general, these methods provide good predictions for large cylinder spacings but are inconsistent when the cylinders are spaced closer together.

引用次数: 0

Metal roof cladding system under wind loading: State-of-the-art

IF 4.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105939

Shubham Tiwari , Krishanu Roy , Zhiyuan Fang , James B.P. Lim

Roof cladding, a vital component of any structure, is fabricated from material that is durable, affordable, and weatherproof. Metal roof claddings, known for their lightweight nature, durability, cost-effectiveness in construction and maintenance, and impressive strength-to-weight ratio, have been widely adopted worldwide. However, despite these advantages, metal roof claddings are particularly prone to failure during extreme wind events, such as storms, cyclones, and hurricanes. The two primary categories of metal roof claddings are long-run profiles and tray profiles. This study conducts a comprehensive review of research focused on standards used for quantifying wind loadings on roof structures, as well as the wind resistance capacity of various profiles of metal roof claddings under wind uplift loading. The review encompasses both experimental and numerical studies, exploring test methods, numerical modeling techniques, and modes of failures associated with different roof cladding profiles under wind uplift loading conditions. Additionally, the paper examines studies related to fragility and vulnerability analysis, along with risk assessment, pertaining to metal roof claddings. In conclusion, the paper offers critical remarks and provides recommendations for future work based on identified research gaps. The aim is to guide future studies in addressing challenges related to the wind performance of metal roof claddings and contribute to the development of more resilient and secure roofing systems.

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引用次数: 0

Modeling of vortices in straight-line wind simulators

IF 4.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105992

Faiaz Khaled , Franklin T. Lombardo , Kurtis Gurley

A vortex is an important feature for wind engineering. This paper presents an experimentally validated technique to create vortices in straight-line wind simulators, advancing the study of transient flow features in traditional boundary layer wind tunnels. Repeatable translating vortices can be created in traditional atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnels by partially blocking off the tunnel's flow introducing horizontal shear instability. The technique is initially explored using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, followed by experimental validation at the University of Florida boundary layer wind tunnel. Findings validating the premise are observed concerning the radial profiles of (a) pressure, (b) velocity, and (c) vertical profile of velocity, which demonstrate the ability to create vortex characteristics comparable to that of specialized vortex simulators and field observations. This technique enables a realistic ratio of translation to tangential speed and swirl ratio of the vortices that conform well with full-scale measurements.

引用次数: 0

Numerical simulation of snow accumulation in bogie area of high-speed trains in CFD-DEM method

IF 4.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jweia.2024.106000

Lan Zhang , YuZhe Ma , Jiye Zhang , Tian Li

When operating in cold weathers, high-speed trains may find snow and ice building up in their bogie areas, thus deteriorating the vehicle's dynamic performance. Based on the Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equation (URANS) in combination with the Discrete Element Method (DEM), this study simulated the motion of snow particles in the bogie area for 1 s, with the Johnson-Kendall-Roberts (JKR) contact model deployed to calculate the force of the snow particles on the wall and identify whether they would adhere to the wall. In addition, this study explored the following two aspects' influence on the movement of snow particles and the snow accumulation in the bogie area: the elastic modulus of snow particles, and the surface energy of interfaces between snow particles and the wall. It is found in this study that increased elastic modulus of snow particles can effectively prevent snow particles from entering the bogie area. According to the simulation results, when the elastic modulus of snow particles is increased from 0.1Mpa to 1Mpa and 10Mpa, the snow particles entering the bogie area would be reduced by 15.6% and 30.4%, and the snow particles adhering to the bogie area by 44.3% and 48.1%, respectively. Furthermore, when the interfacial surface energy between snow particles and the wall is decreased from 0.13J/m² to 0.075J/m² and 0.02J/m², the adhesion on the bogie would be diminished by 50.4% and 73.8%, and the adhesion on the bogie cavity wall by 28.5% and 32.4%, respectively.

{"title":"Numerical simulation of snow accumulation in bogie area of high-speed trains in CFD-DEM method","authors":"Lan Zhang , YuZhe Ma , Jiye Zhang , Tian Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.106000","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.106000","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When operating in cold weathers, high-speed trains may find snow and ice building up in their bogie areas, thus deteriorating the vehicle's dynamic performance. Based on the Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equation (URANS) in combination with the Discrete Element Method (DEM), this study simulated the motion of snow particles in the bogie area for 1 s, with the Johnson-Kendall-Roberts (JKR) contact model deployed to calculate the force of the snow particles on the wall and identify whether they would adhere to the wall. In addition, this study explored the following two aspects' influence on the movement of snow particles and the snow accumulation in the bogie area: the elastic modulus of snow particles, and the surface energy of interfaces between snow particles and the wall. It is found in this study that increased elastic modulus of snow particles can effectively prevent snow particles from entering the bogie area. According to the simulation results, when the elastic modulus of snow particles is increased from 0.1Mpa to 1Mpa and 10Mpa, the snow particles entering the bogie area would be reduced by 15.6% and 30.4%, and the snow particles adhering to the bogie area by 44.3% and 48.1%, respectively. Furthermore, when the interfacial surface energy between snow particles and the wall is decreased from 0.13J/m<sup>2</sup> to 0.075J/m<sup>2</sup> and 0.02J/m<sup>2</sup>, the adhesion on the bogie would be diminished by 50.4% and 73.8%, and the adhesion on the bogie cavity wall by 28.5% and 32.4%, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 106000"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143102859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Turbulent anisotropy and energy distribution over submerged cubical model

IF 4.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106011

Pankaj Kumar Raushan , Santosh Kumar Singh , Prince Raj Lawrence Raj , Joydeep Bhowmik , Koustuv Debnath , Pankaj Kumar

A detailed investigation of turbulent flow characteristics over a wall-mounted submerged cubical model at multiple flow stages is carried out experimentally. Prolonged measurements of the velocity fluctuations are performed over submerged cube along the test section at three submergence ratios. The results are examined by looking at various aspects of turbulent flow structures such as the turbulence triangle, ratio of turbulent intensities, turbulence production, energy dissipation rate and length scales of fluctuations. The results show that the peak in turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) shifts with increases in submergence ratio, and concurrently, the value of TKE appears to decrease in magnitude. Further, with a decrease in flow depth, the free surface increasingly limits turbulent structures' upward propagation and growth. As a result, the peak of energy spectra at the near wake region decreases with increased submergence ratios.

引用次数: 0

Validation of a multivariate non-Gaussian and non-stationary stochastic wind pressure model driven by stationary wind tunnel data

IF 4.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105970

Srinivasan Arunachalam , Seymour M.J. Spence , Thays G.A. Duarte , Arthriya Subgranon

With growing interest in probabilistic assessments of structures subject to extreme winds, there is a need for stochastic simulation schemes that can capture the inherently non-Gaussian and non-stationary (NG–NS) features of wind loads during the simulation of path-dependent phenomena such as inelasticity, fatigue, and cladding damage. Currently, no validated NG–NS stochastic load model exists that can be calibrated to standard wind tunnel data. A recently developed model proposed the stochastic simulation of direction-wise pressures based on standard wind tunnel data, followed by a filter-based transition scheme for generating NG–NS wind load records. Recognizing the importance of validation in creating confidence in a model, this work focuses on extensive experimental validation of the NG–NS stochastic load model. Validation is achieved using data from specifically designed wind tunnel tests, whereby NG–NS records are obtained through continuous rotation of the turntable. Six different rates of change in wind direction, consistent with those expected in hurricanes, are considered with validation based on quantitative time–frequency error analysis using spectrograms, as well as the examination of temporal trends in statistical properties. The results show that the scheme correlates well with the experimental data, with spectrogram-based errors remaining within 10% across all pressure taps and test conditions.

{"title":"Validation of a multivariate non-Gaussian and non-stationary stochastic wind pressure model driven by stationary wind tunnel data","authors":"Srinivasan Arunachalam , Seymour M.J. Spence , Thays G.A. Duarte , Arthriya Subgranon","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105970","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105970","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With growing interest in probabilistic assessments of structures subject to extreme winds, there is a need for stochastic simulation schemes that can capture the inherently non-Gaussian and non-stationary (NG–NS) features of wind loads during the simulation of path-dependent phenomena such as inelasticity, fatigue, and cladding damage. Currently, no validated NG–NS stochastic load model exists that can be calibrated to standard wind tunnel data. A recently developed model proposed the stochastic simulation of direction-wise pressures based on standard wind tunnel data, followed by a filter-based transition scheme for generating NG–NS wind load records. Recognizing the importance of validation in creating confidence in a model, this work focuses on extensive experimental validation of the NG–NS stochastic load model. Validation is achieved using data from specifically designed wind tunnel tests, whereby NG–NS records are obtained through continuous rotation of the turntable. Six different rates of change in wind direction, consistent with those expected in hurricanes, are considered with validation based on quantitative time–frequency error analysis using spectrograms, as well as the examination of temporal trends in statistical properties. The results show that the scheme correlates well with the experimental data, with spectrogram-based errors remaining within 10% across all pressure taps and test conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 105970"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143103323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluating the intrinsic predictability of wind speed time series via entropy-based approaches

IF 4.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105972

Z.R. Shu , H.C. Deng , P.W. Chan , X.H. He

The intrinsic predictability of wind speed time series is pivotal for various wind engineering applications, such as optimizing wind energy resource assessments and enhancing the accuracy of forecasting models. This study employs entropy-based approaches, specifically Permutation Entropy (PermEn) and Sample Entropy (SampEn), to evaluate wind speed predictability across diverse conditions. We systematically investigate the variation of these entropy measures in relation to terrain complexity, mean wind speed, seasonal variation, sampling frequency, and window length. Our analysis reveals that terrain complexity significantly influences entropy values. We observed that a positive correlation between mean wind speed and entropy, where higher wind speeds are associated with increased predictability. Seasonal variations also demonstrate a clear impact on entropy measures. Such dependence, however, varies between different stations. Furthermore, the study highlights the sensitivity of entropy measures to sampling frequency and window length, indicating that higher sampling frequencies and longer window lengths result in larger values of PermEn, and lower values of SampEn.

{"title":"Evaluating the intrinsic predictability of wind speed time series via entropy-based approaches","authors":"Z.R. Shu , H.C. Deng , P.W. Chan , X.H. He","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105972","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105972","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The intrinsic predictability of wind speed time series is pivotal for various wind engineering applications, such as optimizing wind energy resource assessments and enhancing the accuracy of forecasting models. This study employs entropy-based approaches, specifically Permutation Entropy (PermEn) and Sample Entropy (SampEn), to evaluate wind speed predictability across diverse conditions. We systematically investigate the variation of these entropy measures in relation to terrain complexity, mean wind speed, seasonal variation, sampling frequency, and window length. Our analysis reveals that terrain complexity significantly influences entropy values. We observed that a positive correlation between mean wind speed and entropy, where higher wind speeds are associated with increased predictability. Seasonal variations also demonstrate a clear impact on entropy measures. Such dependence, however, varies between different stations. Furthermore, the study highlights the sensitivity of entropy measures to sampling frequency and window length, indicating that higher sampling frequencies and longer window lengths result in larger values of PermEn, and lower values of SampEn.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 105972"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143103326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics

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