Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics最新文献_第7页

An analytical model for boundary layer wind velocity profiles of landfalling typhoons based on field measurements 基于实测的登陆台风边界层风速廓线分析模型

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106301

Xigui Huang , Shengchang Luo , Chulong Yuan , Gang Hu , Chao Li , Lixiao Li

Low-level jets (LLJs) below 100 m height are frequently observed in typhoon boundary layer wind through field measurements. However, their occurrence patterns and characteristics remain inadequately quantified. Existing empirical wind profile models (e.g. power-law model, log-law model, Vickery model) often fail to capture the full vertical structure of typhoon winds, particularly in the near-surface layer where deviations are significant due to the influence of low-level jets. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of boundary layer wind profiles based on field measurements from multiple landfalling typhoons across various surface exposure categories, typhoon structural partitions and wind speed ranges. Statistical analyses indicate that LLJs are more prevalent under high wind speeds within the back eyewall region. In response, an analytical wind profile model is proposed that accounts for the LLJ phenomenon and the reverse “C”-shaped vertical profile typical of typhoon wind fields. Empirical formulations for model parameters were developed as a function of the 10m reference height wind speed(U₁₀), calibrated through nonlinear regression. The proposed model demonstrates improved accuracy in replicating measured typhoon wind profiles compared to conventional models. Validation with representative typhoon events confirms the model's applicability and robustness for engineering wind load assessments in typhoon-prone regions.

通过实地测量，在台风边界层风中经常观测到高度低于100米的低空急流。然而，它们的发生模式和特征仍然没有得到充分的量化。现有的经验风廓线模型（如幂律模型、对数律模型、维克里模型）往往不能捕捉台风风的完整垂直结构，特别是在近地面层，由于低空急流的影响，偏差很大。本研究基于多个登陆台风在不同地表暴露类别、台风结构分区和风速范围的实地测量，对边界层风廓线进行了综合分析。统计分析表明，在高风速条件下，后眼壁区域内llj更为普遍。为此，提出了考虑LLJ现象和台风风场典型的反“C”型垂直廓线的解析风廓线模型。模型参数的经验公式是10米参考高度风速（U10）的函数，并通过非线性回归进行校准。与传统模式相比，所提出的模式在模拟台风风廓线的准确度有所提高。具有代表性的台风事件验证了该模型对台风易发地区工程风荷载评估的适用性和鲁棒性。

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引用次数: 0

Design and aerodynamic mechanism of flexible membranes for mitigating vortex-induced vibration of a long-span bridge 大跨度桥梁柔性膜减振设计及气动机理研究

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106316

Haoyu Xu , Chaoqun Wang , Kun Yan , Libo Meng , Xugang Hua , Zhengqing Chen

Flexible membranes (FM) have been proved to be effective in suppressing vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of bluff bodies; however, the design and aerodynamic mechanism of FMs for VIV mitigation of bridges have not been fully investigated. In this study, the unexpected VIV recently observed in a cable-stayed bridge is described, and a comprehensive experimental study of VIV mitigation using FMs is presented. A series of wind tunnel tests are carried out on a sectional model of the bridge girder, to study the effect of installation location, geometric width, material and spanwise distance of FMs on their VIV-mitigation performance. After a series of aerodynamic optimization, segmented FMs installed under the wind fairings of the girder can successfully mitigate the large-amplitude VIV of the Π-shaped girder in both ‘no-vehicle’ and ‘traffic jam’ situations. Furthermore, smoke-wire visualization technology is employed for flow visualization in the tests. The wake instability, as well as the aerodynamic interference between spanwise and streamwise vortices resulted from FMs, are supposed to be the aerodynamic mechanisms for VIV mitigation of the girder. This study lays a foundation for the practical application of FMs in emergency VIV-mitigation of long-span bridges.

柔性膜（FM）在抑制钝体涡激振动（VIV）方面具有较好的效果；然而，FMs的设计及其在桥梁减振中的气动机理尚未得到充分的研究。本研究描述了最近在斜拉桥中观测到的意外涡激振动，并提出了一项利用FMs进行涡激振动抑制的综合实验研究。在某桥梁截面模型上进行了一系列风洞试验，研究了FMs的安装位置、几何宽度、材料和展向距离对其抗涡激振动性能的影响。经过一系列的气动优化，在梁的整流罩下安装分段FMs，可以成功地缓解Π-shaped梁在“无车”和“堵车”情况下的大振幅VIV。此外，试验中还采用了烟丝显示技术进行流动显示。尾迹的不稳定性以及由FMs引起的跨向涡和顺向涡的气动干扰被认为是减缓梁的涡激振动的气动机制。本研究为FMs在大跨度桥梁应急振动抑制中的实际应用奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

An aerodynamic database of wind loads on gable and hip roof buildings 山墙和斜屋顶建筑风荷载的气动数据库

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106314

Timothy John Acosta , Stefano Brusco , Yitian Guo , Jin Wang , Gregory A. Kopp

Experimental wind tunnel databases are essential for determining design wind loads on buildings for a range of applications, including building code development and database-assisted design. Such databases have played a key role in developing data-driven methods and validating numerical simulations in recent years. Despite their importance, there are limited publicly available databases. This paper presents wind tunnel data obtained at Western University, which aims to address the gap for data on low-to mid-rise gable and hip-roof buildings. The database encompasses 154 different cases, examining the impacts of non-dimensional building geometry parameters and roof shape on the resulting aerodynamic loads. Notably, it includes 74 gable and 80 hip roof-shaped building cases, all with a roof slope 6/12 across open and suburban terrain categories. The paper examines the geometric aspect ratio limits as to when the gable or hip roof can be considered aerodynamically flat with respect to the total base shear. For gable-roofed buildings, the contribution of the mean and the variance of the base shear loads of the walls and roof collapse relatively well with respect to the mean roof height-to-length (

h / L

) ratio, where the length,

L

, is the plan dimension parallel to the wind direction. The contribution of the roof reduces to less than 3 % when

h / L > 2

. For uplift, the contribution of the windward roof and leeward roof to the total uplift was examined. For

h / L < 2

, the leeward roof contributes more to the total uplift. As for the hip roof, the contributions of the walls and roof collapse are observed to be a function of the height-to-breadth (

h / B

) ratio, where the breadth,

B

, is the plan dimension perpendicular to the wind direction. The contribution of the hip roof to the total base shear is less than 1 % when

h / B > 1.25

for the

L / B

ratios considered in the database. The controlling geometric aspect ratios are different for a gable and hip roof due to how these parameters alter the projected roof area that contributes to the total base shear. Generally, when the hip or gable roof contributes to the total base shear, the peak design base shear is smaller than a case with a flat roof.

实验风洞数据库对于确定建筑设计风荷载具有重要意义，包括建筑规范开发和数据库辅助设计。近年来，此类数据库在开发数据驱动方法和验证数值模拟方面发挥了关键作用。尽管它们很重要，但可供公开使用的数据库有限。本文介绍了在西部大学获得的风洞数据，旨在解决低至中层山墙和髋顶建筑数据的空白。该数据库包含154个不同的案例，研究了无量纲建筑几何参数和屋顶形状对产生的空气动力载荷的影响。值得注意的是，它包括74个山墙和80个臀形屋顶建筑案例，所有的屋顶坡度都是6/12，跨越开放和郊区地形类别。本文考察了几何纵横比的限制，当山墙或臀形屋顶可以被认为是相对于总基底剪力的空气动力学平坦。对于山墙屋面建筑，墙体和屋面基底剪力荷载的均值和方差的贡献相对于屋面平均高长比（h/L）较好，其中长度L为平行于风向的平面尺寸。当h/L>；2时，顶板的贡献减小到3%以下。对于隆升，考察了迎风顶板和背风顶板对总隆升的贡献。当h/L<；2时，背风顶板对总隆升的贡献较大。对于后屋面，墙体和顶板坍塌的贡献是高宽比（h/B）的函数，其中宽度B是垂直于风向的平面尺寸。当数据库中考虑的L/B比为h/B>；1.25时，臀顶对总基底剪力的贡献小于1%。山墙屋顶和臀形屋顶的控制几何宽高比是不同的，因为这些参数改变了屋顶的投影面积，从而影响了总基底剪力。一般情况下，当坡顶或山墙顶对总基底剪力有贡献时，峰值设计基底剪力小于平顶情况。

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引用次数: 0

Human mobility-induced particulate dispersion mechanisms in urban transit hubs 城市交通枢纽中人类流动性诱导的颗粒物扩散机制

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106318

Yongzhi Zhang , Zhibin Tian , Yi Yuan , Wenqian Lu , Xiaoli Pan , Yan Huang

Commuter exposure to particulate matter (PM) in confined subway stations poses significant risks to public health. The spatial distribution of the PM is strongly influenced by passenger-induced wake flows, yet its role in PM transport dynamics remains poorly characterized. This study investigates the impact of passenger wake flows on PM transport within commuting subway cabins via computational fluid dynamics (CFD), employing the dynamic mesh method and the Eulerian‒Lagrangian method to track PM trajectories. The results indicated that the wake flow fields can significantly enhance particulate matter migration, leading to a 132 % increase in PM 2.5 influx into the cabin compared with unoccupied scenarios. Entrained particles primarily accumulate near doorway regions—critical transition zones between moving and stationary passenger groups—where door-closing-induced airflow disturbances further promote their dispersion toward exhaust outlets. These results elucidate the mechanisms by which passenger behavior modulates subway cabin air quality, providing actionable insights for optimizing ventilation system design and mitigating passenger PM exposure risk.

通勤者在密闭的地铁站接触颗粒物（PM）对公众健康构成重大风险。PM的空间分布受到乘客诱导的尾流的强烈影响，但其在PM运输动力学中的作用仍不清楚。本研究利用计算流体动力学（CFD）方法，采用动态网格法和欧拉-拉格朗日方法跟踪地铁客舱内乘客尾流对PM运输的影响。结果表明，尾流场可以显著增强颗粒物的迁移，导致pm2.5流入舱内的量比无人情况下增加了132%。夹带颗粒主要聚集在门口附近，这是移动和静止乘客群体之间的关键过渡区，在那里，关门引起的气流干扰进一步促进了它们向排气口扩散。这些结果阐明了乘客行为调节地铁客舱空气质量的机制，为优化通风系统设计和降低乘客PM暴露风险提供了可行的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental study of an improved heave plate device to control bridge flutter 改进升沉板控制桥梁颤振装置的试验研究

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106320

Jie Wang , Wanbo An , Fuyou Xu , Mingjie Zhang , Zhanbiao Zhang

This study presents an improved heave plate device (IHPD) to control the flutter of long-span bridges. The heave plate is suspended beneath the deck, and through the transmission apparatus, it undergoes vibration in water with amplitudes and speeds several times those of the deck. It is important to note that IHPDs are deployed only when extreme wind conditions are forecasted and do not interfere with regular navigation. Combined wind tunnel and water tank experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the device in controlling flutter in segmental models of two bridge decks. The effects of plate mass, plate size, and the transmission shaft diameter ratio were systematically investigated. The results indicated that this device can effectively increase the onset wind speed of both soft and hard flutter, and significantly reduce the amplitude of soft flutter at the same wind speed. The size and mass of the heave plate, along with the diameter ratio of the transmission shafts, have considerable impacts on the control efficiency of the device. Based on the similarity principle, the parameters and results of the models are converted to real bridges to provide a reference for the parameter design of IHPD in real bridge applications.

提出了一种改进的大跨度桥梁颤振控制装置。升沉板悬挂在甲板下方，通过传动装置，在水中承受数倍于甲板的振幅和速度的振动。需要注意的是，只有当预测到极端风况时，才会部署ihpd，并且不会干扰正常的航行。通过风洞和水箱联合试验，验证了该装置对两桥面分段模型颤振控制的有效性。系统地研究了板质量、板尺寸和传动轴直径比对传动轴的影响。结果表明，该装置能有效提高软颤振和硬颤振的起始风速，并在相同风速下显著降低软颤振的幅值。升沉板的尺寸和质量以及传动轴的直径比对装置的控制效率有相当大的影响。基于相似原理，将模型的参数和结果转化为实际桥梁，为实际桥梁应用中IHPD的参数设计提供参考。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating gust-induced vibrations in high-rise buildings: Insights from in-situ measurements and prediction models 评估高层建筑的阵风诱发振动：来自现场测量和预测模型的见解

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106303

F.H. Kemper , A.J. Bronkhorst , C.P.W. Geurts

This paper examines gust-induced vibrations in a high-rise residential tower, focusing on the comparison between in-situ measurements and predictions based on current code provisions. Extensive data collected from the New Orleans Tower in Rotterdam — equipped with pressure sensors, accelerometers, and anemometers — was evaluated against predictions derived from the Eurocode and wind tunnel tests. The findings reveal significant discrepancies between measured and predicted accelerations, primarily attributable to inaccuracies in key input parameters rather than limitations of the prediction model itself. The simplified code recommendations fail to account for the effects of neighboring structures and wind directionality. A comprehensive study of aerodynamics force coefficient and structural dynamics were undertaken to assess the prediction models. This study underscores the importance of improving urban wind modeling and incorporating building-specific factors into structural design codes, advocating for the integration of detailed in-situ data and advanced computational techniques to enhance the accuracy of wind-induced vibration predictions in high-rise buildings.

本文研究了高层住宅楼的阵风诱发振动，重点研究了现场测量和基于现行规范规定的预测之间的比较。从鹿特丹的新奥尔良塔收集的大量数据——配备了压力传感器、加速度计和风速计——与欧洲法规和风洞试验得出的预测进行了评估。研究结果显示，测量的加速度和预测的加速度之间存在显著差异，主要是由于关键输入参数的不准确，而不是预测模型本身的局限性。简化的规范建议没有考虑相邻结构和风向的影响。对空气动力学、力系数和结构动力学进行了综合研究，对预测模型进行了评估。本研究强调了改善城市风建模和将建筑特定因素纳入结构设计规范的重要性，提倡将详细的现场数据和先进的计算技术相结合，以提高高层建筑风致振动预测的准确性。

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引用次数: 0

LES of wind-induced pressures and flow structures around tandem buildings 串联建筑周围风致压力和流动结构的LES

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106304

Latife Atar, Oya Mercan

This study investigates the effects of upstream building interference on surface pressure distributions and flow behavior around a principal building in a tandem arrangement using Large Eddy Simulation (LES), validated against wind tunnel measurements. Streamwise separations ranging from 1.5

B

to 6

B

were analyzed to capture transitions between established interference regimes, including reattachment and co-shedding. Particular emphasis is given on evaluating mean, root-mean-square, and peak pressure coefficients, with peak values highlighted due to their relevance in cladding design and extreme wind load assessment. Results show that maximum peak pressures on the windward wall are generally suppressed under interference, while minimum peak pressures are significantly amplified near vertical edges and separation zones. This amplification is especially pronounced for separations below 3

B

, where shielding reduces stagnation loads but enhances suction effects. Flow visualizations and turbulence-intensity maps confirm transitions in the interference regime, from wake shielding and attached roof flow to roof-level separation and vortex formation. The findings demonstrate the capability of LES to resolve key flow features and pressure variations in tandem building configurations and emphasize the importance of accounting for extreme suction demands in closely spaced urban environments.

本研究利用大涡模拟（LES）研究了上游建筑干扰对主建筑周围串联式布置的表面压力分布和流动行为的影响，并通过风洞测量进行了验证。分析了从1.5 B到6 B的流向分离，以捕获已建立的干扰机制之间的过渡，包括再附着和共脱落。特别强调评估平均、均方根和峰值压力系数，突出显示峰值，因为它们与包层设计和极端风荷载评估有关。结果表明，在干扰作用下，迎风壁面的最大峰值压力总体上被抑制，而在垂直边缘和分离带附近的最小峰值压力显著放大。这种放大对于低于3b的分离尤其明显，其中屏蔽减少了停滞载荷，但增强了吸力效应。流动可视化和湍流强度图证实了干扰状态的转变，从尾流屏蔽和附加的屋顶流动到屋顶水平分离和漩涡形成。研究结果表明，LES能够解决串联建筑结构中的关键流动特征和压力变化，并强调了在密集空间的城市环境中考虑极端吸力需求的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Wall-attached and detached turbulence structures in the urban atmospheric surface layer under thermal stratification 热分层下城市大气表层附壁和分离型湍流结构

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106315

Liping Zhu , Jiao Chen , Bo Jin , Wanting Liu , Xuebo Li

This study examines the scale-dependent energy characteristics ofwall-coherent and wall-incoherent turbulent motions in the atmospheric surface layer (ASL) under different thermal stratification regimes. Field measurements were conducted on flat, thermally homogeneous terrain using a vertical array of sonic anemometers to obtain high-frequency measurements of streamwise (

u

), spanwise (

v

), and temperature (

θ

) fluctuations. A spectral decomposition method based on linear coherence analysis separated wall-attached structures from background turbulence, allowing for a detailed assessment of energy partitioning across scales. The results show that the slope of the energy spectra within the inertial subrange decreases systematically with the Monin–Obukhov stability parameter, with coherent components exhibiting greater sensitivity to buoyancy effects than incoherent ones. The relative contribution of coherent energy increases under unstable stratification but diminishes with wall-normal height, indicating a progressive breakdown of surface-connected motions. In contrast, incoherent energy becomes more dominant farther from the ground. These trends are especially evident in the streamwise velocity and temperature spectra and are consistent with the scaling behavior of wall-attached eddies. These results elucidate turbulence organization in thermally stratified boundary layers and enable multiscale parameterization for outdoor environments, supporting urban heat mitigation modeling, building microclimates, and the thermal performance under varying atmospheric conditions.

本文研究了不同热分层制度下大气表层壁面相干和壁面非相干湍流运动的尺度相关能量特征。现场测量是在平坦、热均匀的地形上进行的，使用垂直声速计阵列来获得流向(u)、展向(v)和温度（θ）波动的高频测量。基于线性相干分析的光谱分解方法将附壁结构从背景湍流中分离出来，从而可以详细评估跨尺度的能量分配。结果表明：惯性子范围内的能谱斜率随Monin-Obukhov稳定性参数的增大而系统减小，相干分量比非相干分量对浮力效应更敏感；相干能量的相对贡献在不稳定分层下增加，但随着壁向高度的增加而减少，表明表面连接运动的逐渐破坏。相反，非相干能量在离地面越远的地方就越占优势。这种趋势在沿流速度和温度谱中表现得尤为明显，与附壁涡的结垢行为相一致。这些结果阐明了热分层边界层中的湍流组织，实现了室外环境的多尺度参数化，支持城市热缓解建模、建筑小气候和不同大气条件下的热性能。

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引用次数: 0

Wind load time history regenerated considering coherences for performance-based wind design of tall buildings 高层建筑性能风设计中考虑相干的风荷载时程再生

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106283

Un Yong Jeong, Liam Dupelle, Stephanie Hartlin

For Performance-Based Wind Design (PBWD) analysis, a new approach called Regenerated Coherence (RC) method is proposed to generate 3-dimensional wind load time histories based on High-Frequency Force Balance (HFFB) method considering coherences between different directions and levels. In generating the time series, the coherences are expressed in terms of the measured base moments from HFFB testing and the coherences between any two levels along the height of the building, respectively. The authors find that base moment spectra and the coherences of the time series between different directions and levels generated by the RC method match well with HFFB wind tunnel testing or the target values. It is shown that the quasi-steady component of a bending moment at a height is more accurately generated with the RC method in comparison to a simpler linear combination method. Multiple sets of RC wind loads are selected to envelop the worst loading conditions in all orthogonal directions for use in PBWD.

针对基于性能的风设计（PBWD）分析，提出了一种基于高频力平衡（HFFB）方法的三维风荷载时程生成方法——再生相干性（RC）方法。在生成时间序列时，相干性分别表示为HFFB测试中测量到的基矩和沿建筑物高度任意两层之间的相干性。作者发现，RC方法生成的基矩谱和不同方向、不同水平间时间序列的相干性与HFFB风洞试验或目标值吻合较好。结果表明，与简单的线性组合方法相比，用RC方法可以更精确地生成高度处弯矩的准稳定分量。选择多组钢筋混凝土风荷载，在各正交方向上包涵最坏荷载条件，用于PBWD。

引用次数: 0

Wind environment and pedestrian comfort assessment around a high-rise building: Coupled effect of building shape and surrounding density 高层建筑周边风环境与行人舒适度评价：建筑形体与周边密度的耦合效应

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106297

Keyi Chen , Ziwei Mo , Yaxing Du

High-rise buildings play a crucial role in shaping the urban wind environment. This study investigates wind flows around high-rise structures featuring different cross-sectional shapes (square, triangle, octagon, T-shaped, cross-shaped, #-shaped, H-shaped, and L-shaped) and building densities (λ_p = 0.44, 0.25, 0.11) through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling. The maximum wind speed ratio K_max around high-rise buildings increases as building density decreases. Notably, K_max is highest around triangle (2.12 at λ_p = 0.44, 2.21 at λ_p = 0.25) and L-shaped building (2.12 at λ_p = 0.44, 2.43 at λ_p = 0.11), while being lowest (1.41–1.93) around octagon structures. Under calm climates, variations in building shapes significantly impact the area ratio of unfavorable region (AR_UF) at higher building densities, causing the most difference about 15.59 %. Conversely, in windy climates, the area ratio of the intolerable region (AR_IN) at λ_p = 0.11 experiences more increase (e.g., from 0 % to 4.16 % for octagon buildings), suggesting enhanced ventilation but also potential hazards. Furthermore, human comfort index (I_BC) fluctuations induced by building shapes are more pronounced in winter under windy conditions. These findings advance our understanding of flow patterns and pedestrian comfort around high-rise buildings, emphasizing the importance of considering both building shapes and densities.

高层建筑对城市风环境的塑造起着至关重要的作用。通过计算流体力学（CFD）建模，研究了不同截面形状（方形、三角形、八角形、t形、十字形、#形、h形、l形）和建筑密度（λp = 0.44、0.25、0.11）的高层建筑的风场。高层建筑周围最大风速比Kmax随着建筑密度的减小而增大。值得注意的是，Kmax在三角形（λp = 0.44时为2.12,λp = 0.25时为2.21）和l形建筑（λp = 0.44时为2.12,λp = 0.11时为2.43）周围最高，而在八角形建筑周围最低（1.41-1.93）。在平静气候条件下，建筑形状的变化显著影响建筑密度较高时的不利区域面积比，差异最大，约为15.59%。相反，在多风气候下，λp = 0.11处的不能忍受区域（ARIN）面积比增加更多（例如，八角形建筑从0%增加到4.16%），这表明通风增强了，但也有潜在的危险。此外，在冬季多风条件下，建筑形状引起的人体舒适度（IBC）波动更为明显。这些发现促进了我们对高层建筑周围人流模式和行人舒适度的理解，强调了同时考虑建筑形状和密度的重要性。

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引用次数: 0