Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics最新文献_第7页

Deep-learning based simulation of tropical cyclone genesis in Northwest Pacific

IF 4.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jweia.2024.106003

Biao Tong , Gang Hu , YaXue Deng , YongJun Huang , YunCheng He

The frequency and spatial distribution of tropical cyclone genesis (TCG) plays a crucial role in assessing tropical cyclone (TC) activities and relevant hazards. However, the generation of TCG involves complex mechanisms that are correlated to the background environment, and there is still significant room for better describing the distribution patterns of TCG despite the great achievements that have been made via classic statistical techniques and dynamical/thermodynamical methods. This study utilizes deep learning (DL) technology to investigate TCG patterns, with the primary aim of developing more reasonable sampling models with better generalization performance and satisfactory accuracy. Two approaches are proposed. The first one uses Variational Auto-encoder (VAE) model for direct (or non-parametric) TCG simulation, while the second one employs Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to further explore environmental effects. For the second approach, two specific strategies have been examined. The first strategy describes TCG as a function of large-scale environment parameters (such as sea surface temperature, vorticity, and vertical wind shear), and the other one establishes relationships between TCG and typical parameters of the environment at multiple altitudes. Multiple evaluation indexes are also proposed to quantify the performance of adopted techniques from the aspects of generalization and accuracy. Results demonstrate that the proposed DL models perform better than classic statistical methods across various functional aspects, particularly in terms of generalization performance. Meanwhile, the DL models have great potential in assessing the effects of climate change on TCG patterns, which is absent or weakened in classic simulation methods. In sum, the proposed TCG simulation methods can be used to facilitate the assessment of TC hazards effectively.

{"title":"Deep-learning based simulation of tropical cyclone genesis in Northwest Pacific","authors":"Biao Tong , Gang Hu , YaXue Deng , YongJun Huang , YunCheng He","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.106003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.106003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The frequency and spatial distribution of tropical cyclone genesis (TCG) plays a crucial role in assessing tropical cyclone (TC) activities and relevant hazards. However, the generation of TCG involves complex mechanisms that are correlated to the background environment, and there is still significant room for better describing the distribution patterns of TCG despite the great achievements that have been made via classic statistical techniques and dynamical/thermodynamical methods. This study utilizes deep learning (DL) technology to investigate TCG patterns, with the primary aim of developing more reasonable sampling models with better generalization performance and satisfactory accuracy. Two approaches are proposed. The first one uses Variational Auto-encoder (VAE) model for direct (or non-parametric) TCG simulation, while the second one employs Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to further explore environmental effects. For the second approach, two specific strategies have been examined. The first strategy describes TCG as a function of large-scale environment parameters (such as sea surface temperature, vorticity, and vertical wind shear), and the other one establishes relationships between TCG and typical parameters of the environment at multiple altitudes. Multiple evaluation indexes are also proposed to quantify the performance of adopted techniques from the aspects of generalization and accuracy. Results demonstrate that the proposed DL models perform better than classic statistical methods across various functional aspects, particularly in terms of generalization performance. Meanwhile, the DL models have great potential in assessing the effects of climate change on TCG patterns, which is absent or weakened in classic simulation methods. In sum, the proposed TCG simulation methods can be used to facilitate the assessment of TC hazards effectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 106003"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143102840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Validating spatial reproduction of large-eddy simulations with PIV datasets for turbulence statistics at pedestrian level of urban canopy

IF 4.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics

Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106018

Haitham Osman , Naoki Ikegaya

For large-eddy simulations (LES) at pedestrian levels of urban canopies, accurate validation with wind-tunnel experiments is essential. While extensive LES research has been conducted, validation often focuses solely on fundamental statistical profiles above the urban canopies, disregarding the dramatic spatial variations and higher-order statistics within the flow field, particularly at pedestrian levels. Therefore, this study systematically validated the spatial distribution of various LES-derived statistics against PIV data within a cubical array, focusing on critical height of

0.1 H

(where

H

is the cube length). In addition to fundamental statistics, higher-order statistics were quantitatively validated with a hot-wire anemometer (HWA) above the canopy. Furthermore, to ensure the reliability of the LES results, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the impact of the mesh resolutions and domain sizes. The

H / 40

mesh aligns with PIV results for mean and standard deviation at

0.1 H

, offering a balance between accuracy and computational cost. In terms of validation metrics, the

H / 60

mesh indicated the best consistency with the velocity skewness and kurtosis obtained by HWA above the canopy. While the turbulent length scale is affected by domain size when using cyclic boundary conditions, utilizing a

16 H

of streamwise length reproduces a more reliable streamwise integral length scale with the experiment for

4 H

and

8 H

spanwise lengths. However, a sharp reduction in the streamwise integral length scale was observed when using

2 H

in spanwise length. By incorporating these detailed validations, this study aims to underscore the key roles of both mesh resolution and domain size in accurately verifying and validating LES models for simulating pedestrian-level winds.

{"title":"Validating spatial reproduction of large-eddy simulations with PIV datasets for turbulence statistics at pedestrian level of urban canopy","authors":"Haitham Osman , Naoki Ikegaya","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For large-eddy simulations (LES) at pedestrian levels of urban canopies, accurate validation with wind-tunnel experiments is essential. While extensive LES research has been conducted, validation often focuses solely on fundamental statistical profiles above the urban canopies, disregarding the dramatic spatial variations and higher-order statistics within the flow field, particularly at pedestrian levels. Therefore, this study systematically validated the spatial distribution of various LES-derived statistics against PIV data within a cubical array, focusing on critical height of <span><math><mrow><mn>0.1</mn><mi>H</mi></mrow></math></span> (where <span><math><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow></math></span> is the cube length). In addition to fundamental statistics, higher-order statistics were quantitatively validated with a hot-wire anemometer (HWA) above the canopy. Furthermore, to ensure the reliability of the LES results, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the impact of the mesh resolutions and domain sizes. The <span><math><mrow><mi>H</mi><mo>/</mo><mn>40</mn></mrow></math></span> mesh aligns with PIV results for mean and standard deviation at <span><math><mrow><mn>0.1</mn><mi>H</mi></mrow></math></span>, offering a balance between accuracy and computational cost. In terms of validation metrics, the <span><math><mrow><mi>H</mi><mo>/</mo><mn>60</mn></mrow></math></span> mesh indicated the best consistency with the velocity skewness and kurtosis obtained by HWA above the canopy. While the turbulent length scale is affected by domain size when using cyclic boundary conditions, utilizing a <span><math><mrow><mn>16</mn><mi>H</mi></mrow></math></span> of streamwise length reproduces a more reliable streamwise integral length scale with the experiment for <span><math><mrow><mn>4</mn><mi>H</mi></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mn>8</mn><mi>H</mi></mrow></math></span> spanwise lengths. However, a sharp reduction in the streamwise integral length scale was observed when using <span><math><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>H</mi></mrow></math></span> in spanwise length. By incorporating these detailed validations, this study aims to underscore the key roles of both mesh resolution and domain size in accurately verifying and validating LES models for simulating pedestrian-level winds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 106018"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Offshore surface wind map in Río de la Plata and Atlantic Ocean shelf

IF 4.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics

Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.jweia.2024.106002

Victor Silveira, Iñaki Sarazola, Alejandro Gutiérrez, Monica Fossati

Offshore wind is particularly relevant for wind and coastal engineering port designs and offshore ocean platform installation designs such as wind farms. The present study included the regions of the Río de la Plata and the Atlantic Ocean shelf.

For the analysis, we considered 13 years of data from five buoys, 17 satellites, and three different numerical mesoscale simulations of Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) with different combinations of parameterization schemes. We present a seasonal analysis of the WRF mean bias error at a height of 10 m for three parameterization schemes, as well as a surface wind map over the offshore region with observational joined satellite data (JSsD) including the Río de la Plata and the closer Atlantic Ocean and wind resource variability. The near offshore region of the Atlantic Ocean coast show a significative wind resource with mean annual velocity of 6.93 m/s at 10 m above the sea level. The study points out that offshore measurement campaigns in areas far from the shore (buoys, islands, or platforms) should be implemented, as they would be beneficial for the region in developing a greater insight into regional offshore wind resources.

{"title":"Offshore surface wind map in Río de la Plata and Atlantic Ocean shelf","authors":"Victor Silveira, Iñaki Sarazola, Alejandro Gutiérrez, Monica Fossati","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.106002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.106002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Offshore wind is particularly relevant for wind and coastal engineering port designs and offshore ocean platform installation designs such as wind farms. The present study included the regions of the Río de la Plata and the Atlantic Ocean shelf.</div><div>For the analysis, we considered 13 years of data from five buoys, 17 satellites, and three different numerical mesoscale simulations of Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) with different combinations of parameterization schemes. We present a seasonal analysis of the WRF mean bias error at a height of 10 m for three parameterization schemes, as well as a surface wind map over the offshore region with observational joined satellite data (JSsD) including the Río de la Plata and the closer Atlantic Ocean and wind resource variability. The near offshore region of the Atlantic Ocean coast show a significative wind resource with mean annual velocity of 6.93 m/s at 10 m above the sea level. The study points out that offshore measurement campaigns in areas far from the shore (buoys, islands, or platforms) should be implemented, as they would be beneficial for the region in developing a greater insight into regional offshore wind resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 106002"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Observation of the atmospheric boundary layer over the Atlantic and its effects for wind propulsion

IF 4.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics

Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106014

Ulysse Dhomé , Jakob Kuttenkeuler , Antonio Segalini

Good knowledge of the atmospheric boundary layer in open seas is crucial for the development of wind-propelled and wind-assisted ships. Still, very little data is available away from the shores, and one needs to rely on modelling to estimate the wind conditions at sea. This paper presents experimental measurements of the vertical wind profile over the North-Atlantic ocean made on board a cargo ship during its normal operation. The study focuses on two aspects: the estimation of the “undisturbed” atmospheric boundary layer profile and the influence of the hull on the flow. One of the methods often used to describe the evolution of wind speed with height is by using a power law, with a typical value for the exponent of 1/7 (

≃ 0.14

). The results of this study however show a significantly smaller value, around 0.035, to be representative of the predominant conditions, and highlight that the 1/7 exponent overestimates by 50% the amount of kinetic energy compared to the predominant conditions. The results also show the very large variability of the power law exponent. At the same time, the flow disturbance is clearly visible above the deck up to one or two times the hull height, with a strong dependency on the apparent wind angle, which can lead to wind speed variations up to 20% compared to the power law profile and direction changes of more than 10 degrees compared to the undisturbed wind.

{"title":"Observation of the atmospheric boundary layer over the Atlantic and its effects for wind propulsion","authors":"Ulysse Dhomé , Jakob Kuttenkeuler , Antonio Segalini","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Good knowledge of the atmospheric boundary layer in open seas is crucial for the development of wind-propelled and wind-assisted ships. Still, very little data is available away from the shores, and one needs to rely on modelling to estimate the wind conditions at sea. This paper presents experimental measurements of the vertical wind profile over the North-Atlantic ocean made on board a cargo ship during its normal operation. The study focuses on two aspects: the estimation of the “undisturbed” atmospheric boundary layer profile and the influence of the hull on the flow. One of the methods often used to describe the evolution of wind speed with height is by using a power law, with a typical value for the exponent of 1/7 (<span><math><mrow><mo>≃</mo><mspace></mspace><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>14</mn></mrow></math></span>). The results of this study however show a significantly smaller value, around 0.035, to be representative of the predominant conditions, and highlight that the 1/7 exponent overestimates by 50% the amount of kinetic energy compared to the predominant conditions. The results also show the very large variability of the power law exponent. At the same time, the flow disturbance is clearly visible above the deck up to one or two times the hull height, with a strong dependency on the apparent wind angle, which can lead to wind speed variations up to 20% compared to the power law profile and direction changes of more than 10 degrees compared to the undisturbed wind.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 106014"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reconstruction and short-term prediction of wind pressure field on cylindrical coal sheds under undisturbed conditions using dynamic mode decomposition

IF 4.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics

Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106017

Qingkuan Liu , Jing Huo , Shijie Liu , Zejun Qin , Haohan Li , Zhen Zhang

Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) accurately captures growth rates and frequency characteristics of each mode, establishing a reduced-order model for the evolution of the flow field to reconstruct or predict the flow dynamics process. This study applies DMD to analyze the wind pressure distribution problem of cylindrical coal sheds, investigating its accuracy in analyzing pressure fields. First, wind tunnel tests were conducted on cylindrical coal sheds to examine the mean wind pressure coefficient distribution under typical wind directions (defined as θ). Subsequently, the wind pressure field of the coal shed was decomposed using the DMD at θ = 0°. Reconstruction with the first 15 DMD modes can better characterize the wind pressure distribution. Therefore, reconstruction with the first 15 DMD modes was chosen to reconstruct the pressure fields conducted at θ = 30°, 60°, and 90°. The DMD decomposition performance is optimal at θ = 0° for the cylindrical surface. For pressure field reconstruction in the same wind direction, as the number of modes increases, the reconstruction relative error of the pressure field decreases, thereby enhancing reconstruction accuracy and the ability to capture details. Finally, short-term predictions of the coal shed's wind pressure distribution were conducted, revealing better predictive performance near the incoming flow position. DMD can provide a basis for studying the wind pressure distribution on large-span structures such as coal sheds.

{"title":"Reconstruction and short-term prediction of wind pressure field on cylindrical coal sheds under undisturbed conditions using dynamic mode decomposition","authors":"Qingkuan Liu , Jing Huo , Shijie Liu , Zejun Qin , Haohan Li , Zhen Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) accurately captures growth rates and frequency characteristics of each mode, establishing a reduced-order model for the evolution of the flow field to reconstruct or predict the flow dynamics process. This study applies DMD to analyze the wind pressure distribution problem of cylindrical coal sheds, investigating its accuracy in analyzing pressure fields. First, wind tunnel tests were conducted on cylindrical coal sheds to examine the mean wind pressure coefficient distribution under typical wind directions (defined as <em>θ</em>). Subsequently, the wind pressure field of the coal shed was decomposed using the DMD at <em>θ</em> = 0°. Reconstruction with the first 15 DMD modes can better characterize the wind pressure distribution. Therefore, reconstruction with the first 15 DMD modes was chosen to reconstruct the pressure fields conducted at <em>θ</em> = 30°, 60°, and 90°. The DMD decomposition performance is optimal at <em>θ</em> = 0° for the cylindrical surface. For pressure field reconstruction in the same wind direction, as the number of modes increases, the reconstruction relative error of the pressure field decreases, thereby enhancing reconstruction accuracy and the ability to capture details. Finally, short-term predictions of the coal shed's wind pressure distribution were conducted, revealing better predictive performance near the incoming flow position. DMD can provide a basis for studying the wind pressure distribution on large-span structures such as coal sheds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 106017"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigating low-frequency turbulence effects on building roof pressures through active flow control in a large boundary layer wind tunnel

IF 4.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics

Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106009

Nasreldin O. Mokhtar , Pedro L. Fernández-Cabán , Ryan A. Catarelli

This study examines the effect of incident large-scale (low-frequency) turbulence on the wind pressure field acting on low-rise building roofs. Large-scale turbulence modulation was enabled by a high-performance 3 m × 6 m multi-fan array, termed Flow Field Modulator (FFM), situated at the upwind section of a large boundary layer wind tunnel (BLWT). The FFM was leveraged to actively generate low-frequency wind velocity fluctuations in the BLWT and operated in conjunction with a mechanized roughness element grid to simulate large- and small-scale turbulent atmospheric boundary layer flows. Aerodynamic pressure measurements were monitored on the surface of a 1:20 scale low-rise building model under multiple turbulent length scales and intensities. Experimental results demonstrate how, for similar turbulence intensity levels, higher correlation of pressure fluctuations in flow detachment zones are observed with increasing turbulent scales. Larger integral length scales were also linked to more pronounced non-Gaussian behavior (i.e., higher skewness) of local pressure signals in flow separation zones and along the path of conical vortices developed above the roof of the building model in the case of cornering wind azimuths. Finally, the study highlights how stronger non-Gaussian trends and increased pressure correlations lead to higher local and area-average peak suction roof loads.

{"title":"Investigating low-frequency turbulence effects on building roof pressures through active flow control in a large boundary layer wind tunnel","authors":"Nasreldin O. Mokhtar , Pedro L. Fernández-Cabán , Ryan A. Catarelli","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the effect of incident large-scale (low-frequency) turbulence on the wind pressure field acting on low-rise building roofs. Large-scale turbulence modulation was enabled by a high-performance 3 m × 6 m multi-fan array, termed Flow Field Modulator (FFM), situated at the upwind section of a large boundary layer wind tunnel (BLWT). The FFM was leveraged to actively generate low-frequency wind velocity fluctuations in the BLWT and operated in conjunction with a mechanized roughness element grid to simulate large- and small-scale turbulent atmospheric boundary layer flows. Aerodynamic pressure measurements were monitored on the surface of a 1:20 scale low-rise building model under multiple turbulent length scales and intensities. Experimental results demonstrate how, for similar turbulence intensity levels, higher correlation of pressure fluctuations in flow detachment zones are observed with increasing turbulent scales. Larger integral length scales were also linked to more pronounced non-Gaussian behavior (i.e., higher skewness) of local pressure signals in flow separation zones and along the path of conical vortices developed above the roof of the building model in the case of cornering wind azimuths. Finally, the study highlights how stronger non-Gaussian trends and increased pressure correlations lead to higher local and area-average peak suction roof loads.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 106009"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Model of interior pressure fluctuation in high-speed trains considering the dynamic characteristics of variable air volume systems

IF 4.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics

Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106021

Boyuan Mu , Chunjun Chen , Lu Yang

High-speed trains experience significant interior pressure fluctuations when passing through tunnels, which can adversely affect passenger comfort and, in extreme cases, cause health issues. These fluctuations arise from rapid aerodynamic load changes and are challenging to predict accurately due to the limitations of existing models. To address this, this paper presents a stochastic modeling approach for interior pressure fluctuations, specifically tailored for the tunnel-passing scenario. The model is based on the continuity equation and the ideal gas law, integrated within a dynamic variable air volume system. It accounts for spatial airflow velocity variations, as well as the influence of airflow rate and the interior-exterior pressure difference on critical system components, including valve pressure reducing ratios, fan performance, and duct characteristics. By incorporating the effects of complex duct structures and fluctuating flow fields on gas mass transfer, the model achieves a 41.14% reduction in root mean square error and eliminates system time delays. This enhanced modeling framework provides a reliable tool for accurately predicting interior pressure dynamics during tunnel crossings, contributing to improved passenger comfort in train carriage.

{"title":"Model of interior pressure fluctuation in high-speed trains considering the dynamic characteristics of variable air volume systems","authors":"Boyuan Mu , Chunjun Chen , Lu Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-speed trains experience significant interior pressure fluctuations when passing through tunnels, which can adversely affect passenger comfort and, in extreme cases, cause health issues. These fluctuations arise from rapid aerodynamic load changes and are challenging to predict accurately due to the limitations of existing models. To address this, this paper presents a stochastic modeling approach for interior pressure fluctuations, specifically tailored for the tunnel-passing scenario. The model is based on the continuity equation and the ideal gas law, integrated within a dynamic variable air volume system. It accounts for spatial airflow velocity variations, as well as the influence of airflow rate and the interior-exterior pressure difference on critical system components, including valve pressure reducing ratios, fan performance, and duct characteristics. By incorporating the effects of complex duct structures and fluctuating flow fields on gas mass transfer, the model achieves a 41.14% reduction in root mean square error and eliminates system time delays. This enhanced modeling framework provides a reliable tool for accurately predicting interior pressure dynamics during tunnel crossings, contributing to improved passenger comfort in train carriage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 106021"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Vortex-induced vibrations and post-lock-in cross-wind oscillations of wind turbine tower based on field measurements

IF 4.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics

Pub Date : 2025-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106010

Ika Kurniawati , Francesca Lupi , Marc Seidel , Rüdiger Höffer , Hans-Jürgen Niemann

Development of vortex-induced vibration (VIV) prediction models for application to full-scale structures benefits from validation with field measurements. This study presents comprehensive field response measurements carried out on two large wind turbine towers in Østerild, Denmark. Measurements on a tower-only configuration (tower without nacelle) were carried out over a considerable period of time during which many VIV events were recorded. In addition, the second mode VIV vibration was observed on the fully-built wind turbine tower. Considering the complexity of the field measured cross-wind response, a classification algorithm was developed to identify a predominant VIV process. Significant cross-wind oscillations were observed not only during lock-in, but also at higher wind speeds, termed here as "post-lock-in (cross-wind) oscillations", which are associated with lateral gust buffeting. A method is presented for estimating the standard deviation of the cross-wind displacement response over the entire measured wind speed range. This approach accounts for both VIV and post-lock-in oscillations and results to a good estimate compared to the measured data.

{"title":"Vortex-induced vibrations and post-lock-in cross-wind oscillations of wind turbine tower based on field measurements","authors":"Ika Kurniawati , Francesca Lupi , Marc Seidel , Rüdiger Höffer , Hans-Jürgen Niemann","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Development of vortex-induced vibration (VIV) prediction models for application to full-scale structures benefits from validation with field measurements. This study presents comprehensive field response measurements carried out on two large wind turbine towers in Østerild, Denmark. Measurements on a tower-only configuration (tower without nacelle) were carried out over a considerable period of time during which many VIV events were recorded. In addition, the second mode VIV vibration was observed on the fully-built wind turbine tower. Considering the complexity of the field measured cross-wind response, a classification algorithm was developed to identify a predominant VIV process. Significant cross-wind oscillations were observed not only during lock-in, but also at higher wind speeds, termed here as \"<em>post-lock-in (cross-wind) oscillations</em>\", which are associated with lateral gust buffeting. A method is presented for estimating the standard deviation of the cross-wind displacement response over the entire measured wind speed range. This approach accounts for both VIV and post-lock-in oscillations and results to a good estimate compared to the measured data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 106010"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Aerodynamic and codification study of low-rise buildings: Part II – Partially elevated structures

IF 4.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105925

Haitham A. Ibrahim , Amal Elawady , David O. Prevatt

This study constitutes part II of an extensive study where the aerodynamics of elevated buildings is investigated using large-scale wind tunnel testing. Part II focuses on the case of elevated buildings with partially enclosed spaces beneath the elevated floor. For this purpose, four 1:10 scaled models of elevated single-story gable-roof buildings were selected, three of which were partially elevated with enclosed regions covering areas ranging from 19% to 54% of the model footprint. The tests aimed to examine the effect of the enclosed regions below the floor on the distribution of the localized peak pressure coefficients on the walls, floor, and roof surfaces of the models. Furthermore, the study evaluates the ASCE 7–22 provisions and the proposed provisions, presented by the authors in Part I, for estimating external wind pressure coefficients acting on the floor, roof, and walls of elevated buildings. The results indicate that enclosed regions below the floor significantly alter the aerodynamics of elevated low-rise buildings and could increase the wind-induced loads on the roof and walls of such structures, with the increase in some cases exceeding 80%. Furthermore, the results align well with the proposed modifications by the authors in Part I to the ASCE 7 provisions for estimating the external pressure coefficients for the various zones of low-rise buildings, addressing the underestimation issues previously identified within the current ASCE standard.

{"title":"Aerodynamic and codification study of low-rise buildings: Part II – Partially elevated structures","authors":"Haitham A. Ibrahim , Amal Elawady , David O. Prevatt","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105925","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105925","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study constitutes part II of an extensive study where the aerodynamics of elevated buildings is investigated using large-scale wind tunnel testing. Part II focuses on the case of elevated buildings with partially enclosed spaces beneath the elevated floor. For this purpose, four 1:10 scaled models of elevated single-story gable-roof buildings were selected, three of which were partially elevated with enclosed regions covering areas ranging from 19% to 54% of the model footprint. The tests aimed to examine the effect of the enclosed regions below the floor on the distribution of the localized peak pressure coefficients on the walls, floor, and roof surfaces of the models. Furthermore, the study evaluates the ASCE 7–22 provisions and the proposed provisions, presented by the authors in Part I, for estimating external wind pressure coefficients acting on the floor, roof, and walls of elevated buildings. The results indicate that enclosed regions below the floor significantly alter the aerodynamics of elevated low-rise buildings and could increase the wind-induced loads on the roof and walls of such structures, with the increase in some cases exceeding 80%. Furthermore, the results align well with the proposed modifications by the authors in Part I to the ASCE 7 provisions for estimating the external pressure coefficients for the various zones of low-rise buildings, addressing the underestimation issues previously identified within the current ASCE standard.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 105925"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143129610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Aerodynamic and codification study of low-rise buildings: Part I – Fully elevated structures

IF 4.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105924

Haitham A. Ibrahim , Amal Elawady , David O. Prevatt

Elevated residential buildings are widely used in cyclone- and hurricane-prone coastal regions, such as Australia and the United States, as an effective solution to mitigate both storm surge damage and the impacts of extreme winds. The recent edition of ASCE 7–22 introduced wind design provisions for elevated structures for the first time, but these provisions remain under ongoing refinement. This study aims to assess the adequacy of the current ASCE 7–22 wind pressure coefficient provisions for elevated structures by conducting large-scale boundary layer wind tunnel tests at FIU's Wall of Wind Facility. The tests explored the aerodynamics of elevated buildings with varying heights and aspect ratios. Eight 1:10 scale gable-roof buildings were constructed based on post-hurricane damage reports, and peak pressure coefficients (

{G C}_{p}

) were estimated for the floor, roof, and walls. These values were compared against the existing ASCE 7–22 provisions, revealing a significant underestimation of the external pressure coefficients. Based on the results, this study proposes increasing the

{G C}_{p}

boundaries of specific zones by 50%–127% and introduces two new floor zones for more accurate estimation of wind pressure coefficients on elevated buildings. These findings have broad implications for improving the wind performance of elevated structures, particularly in cyclone- and hurricane-prone regions globally. It is envisioned that the results of this study, along with those in the companion paper, will be considered by the ASCE 7 Subcommittee on Wind Loads for potential inclusion in the next edition of ASCE 7–28, contributing to more resilient building designs.

{"title":"Aerodynamic and codification study of low-rise buildings: Part I – Fully elevated structures","authors":"Haitham A. Ibrahim , Amal Elawady , David O. Prevatt","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105924","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105924","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Elevated residential buildings are widely used in cyclone- and hurricane-prone coastal regions, such as Australia and the United States, as an effective solution to mitigate both storm surge damage and the impacts of extreme winds. The recent edition of ASCE 7–22 introduced wind design provisions for elevated structures for the first time, but these provisions remain under ongoing refinement. This study aims to assess the adequacy of the current ASCE 7–22 wind pressure coefficient provisions for elevated structures by conducting large-scale boundary layer wind tunnel tests at FIU's Wall of Wind Facility. The tests explored the aerodynamics of elevated buildings with varying heights and aspect ratios. Eight 1:10 scale gable-roof buildings were constructed based on post-hurricane damage reports, and peak pressure coefficients (<span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>G</mi><mi>C</mi></mrow><mi>p</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>) were estimated for the floor, roof, and walls. These values were compared against the existing ASCE 7–22 provisions, revealing a significant underestimation of the external pressure coefficients. Based on the results, this study proposes increasing the <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>G</mi><mi>C</mi></mrow><mi>p</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> boundaries of specific zones by 50%–127% and introduces two new floor zones for more accurate estimation of wind pressure coefficients on elevated buildings. These findings have broad implications for improving the wind performance of elevated structures, particularly in cyclone- and hurricane-prone regions globally. It is envisioned that the results of this study, along with those in the companion paper, will be considered by the ASCE 7 Subcommittee on Wind Loads for potential inclusion in the next edition of ASCE 7–28, contributing to more resilient building designs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 105924"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143129609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0