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Revising the oldest Oldowan: Updated optimal linear estimation models and the impact of Nyayanga (Kenya) 修正最古老的Oldowan:更新的最优线性估计模型和Nyayanga的影响(肯尼亚)
IF 3.2 1区 地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103468
Alastair Key , Tomos Proffitt
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引用次数: 0
Investigating the co-occurrence of Neanderthals and modern humans in Belgium through direct radiocarbon dating of bone implements 通过对骨骼工具进行直接放射性碳测年,调查尼安德特人和现代人在比利时的共存
IF 3.2 1区 地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103471
Grégory Abrams , Thibaut Devièse , Stéphane Pirson , Isabelle De Groote , Damien Flas , Cécile Jungels , Ivan Jadin , Pierre Cattelain , Dominique Bonjean , Aurore Mathys , Patrick Semal , Thomas Higham , Kévin Di Modica
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引用次数: 0
Differences in maxillary premolar form between Cercocebus and Lophocebus Cercocebus和Lophocebus上颌前磨牙形态的差异。
IF 3.2 1区 地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103467
Debbie Guatelli-Steinberg , Kaita Gurian , W. Scott McGraw
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引用次数: 0
Investigating the dietary niches of fossil Plio-Pleistocene European macaques: The case of Macaca majori Azzaroli, 1946 from Sardinia 研究上新世-更新世欧洲猕猴化石的饮食生态位:以撒丁岛1946年的Macaca majori Azzaroli为例
IF 3.2 1区 地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103454
Christos Alexandros Plastiras , Ghislain Thiery , Franck Guy , David M. Alba , Takeshi Nishimura , Dimitris S. Kostopoulos , Gildas Merceron

The genus Macaca includes medium- to large-bodied monkeys and represents one of the most diverse primate genera, also having a very large geographic range. Nowadays, wild macaque populations are found in Asia and Africa, inhabiting a wide array of habitats. Fossil macaques were also present in Europe from the Late Miocene until the Late Pleistocene. Macaques are considered ecologically flexible monkeys that exhibit highly opportunistic dietary strategies, which may have been critical to their evolutionary success. Nevertheless, available ecological information regarding fossil European species is very sparse, limiting our knowledge of their evolutionary history in this geographic area. To further our understanding of fossil European macaque ecology, we investigated the dietary ecology of Macaca majori, an insular endemic species from Sardinia. In particular, we characterized the dental capabilities and potential dietary adaptations of M. majori through dental topographic and enamel thickness analyses of two M2s from the Early Pleistocene site of Capo Figari (1.8 Ma). We also assessed its diet through dental microwear texture analysis, while the microwear texture of M. majori was also compared with microwear textures from other European fossil macaques from mainland Europe. The dental topographic and enamel thickness analyses suggest that M. majori frequently consumes hard/mechanically challenging and/or abrasive foods. The results of the dental microwear analysis are consistent with this interpretation and further suggest that M. majori probably exhibited more durophagous dietary habits than mainland Plio-Pleistocene macaques. Overall, our results indicate that M. majori probably occupied a different dietary niche compared to its mainland fossil relatives, which suggests that they may have inhabited different paleoenvironments.

猕猴属包括中型到大型猕猴,是最多样化的灵长类动物属之一,也有非常大的地理范围。如今,在亚洲和非洲发现了野生猕猴种群,它们生活在各种各样的栖息地。从晚中新世到晚更新世,猕猴化石也出现在欧洲。猕猴被认为是生态灵活的猴子,它们表现出高度机会主义的饮食策略,这可能是它们进化成功的关键。然而,关于化石欧洲物种的可用生态信息非常稀少,限制了我们对其在该地理区域的进化史的了解。为了进一步了解化石欧洲猕猴生态学,我们研究了来自撒丁岛的岛屿特有物种Macaca majori的饮食生态学。特别是,我们通过对Capo Figari (1.8 Ma)早更新世遗址的两个M2s的牙齿地形和牙釉质厚度分析,表征了M. majori的牙齿功能和潜在的饮食适应性。我们还通过牙齿微磨损纹理分析来评估其饮食,并将马氏恒河猴的微磨损纹理与来自欧洲大陆的其他欧洲化石猕猴的微磨损纹理进行了比较。牙齿地形和牙釉质厚度分析表明,M. majori经常消耗坚硬/机械挑战性和/或磨蚀性食物。牙齿微磨损分析的结果与这一解释一致,并进一步表明马氏恒河猴可能比大陆的上新世-更新世猕猴表现出更多的硬食性饮食习惯。总的来说,我们的研究结果表明,与大陆的化石亲戚相比,M. majori可能占据了不同的饮食生态位,这表明它们可能生活在不同的古环境中。
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引用次数: 0
No scientific evidence that Homo naledi buried their dead and produced rock art 没有科学证据表明纳勒迪人埋葬了死者并创作了岩石艺术。
IF 3.1 1区 地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103464
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引用次数: 0
Phylogeny and paleobiogeography of the enigmatic North American primate Ekgmowechashala illuminated by new fossils from Nebraska (USA) and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (China) 来自美国内布拉斯加州和中国广西壮族自治区的新化石揭示了神秘的北美灵长类动物Ekgmowechashala的系统发育和古生物地理学。
IF 3.2 1区 地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103452
Kathleen Rust , Xijun Ni , Kristen Tietjen , K. Christopher Beard

Ekgmowechashala is a poorly documented but very distinctive primate known only from the late early Oligocene (early Arikareean) of western North America. Because of its highly autapomorphous dentition and spatiotemporal isolation, the phylogenetic and biogeographic affinities of Ekgmowechashala have long been debated. Here, we describe the oldest known fossils of Ekgmowechashala from the Brown Siltstone Beds of the Brule Formation, White River Group of western Nebraska. We also describe a new ekgmowechashaline taxon from the Nadu Formation (late Eocene) in the Baise Basin of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in southern China. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that North American Ekgmowechashala and the new Chinese taxon are sister taxa that are nested within a radiation of southern Asian adapiforms that also includes Gatanthropus, Muangthanhinius, and Bugtilemur. The new Chinese ekgmowechashaline helps fill the considerable disparity in dental morphology between Ekgmowechashala and more primitive ekgmowechashalids known from southern Asia. Our study underscores the fundamental role of southern Asia as a refugium for multiple primate clades during the cooler and drier climatic regime that prevailed after the Eocene–Oligocene transition. The colonization of North America by Ekgmowechashala helps define the beginning of the Arikareean Land Mammal Age and corresponds to an example of the Lazarus effect, whereby a taxon (in this case, the order Primates) reappears suddenly in the fossil record after a lengthy hiatus.

Ekgmowechashala是一种文献记载不多但非常独特的灵长类动物,仅在北美洲西部渐新世晚期(阿里卡里阶早期)才被发现。由于其高度同源的齿列和时空隔离,Ekgmowechashala的系统发育和生物地理学亲缘关系一直存在争议。在这里,我们描述了已知最古老的Ekgmowechashala化石,这些化石来自内布拉斯加州西部白河群Brule组的棕色粉砂岩床。我们还描述了中国南方广西壮族自治区百色盆地那都组(始新世晚期)的一个新的ekgmowechashaline分类单元。系统发育分析表明,北美Ekgmowechashala和新的中国分类单元是姐妹分类单元,嵌套在南亚阿达皮虫的辐射中,阿达皮虫还包括Gatanthropus、Muangtanhinius和Bugtilemur。新的中国ekgmowechashaline有助于填补Ekgmowechashala和南亚已知的更原始的ekgmowechashalid在牙齿形态上的巨大差异。我们的研究强调了在始新世-渐新世过渡后盛行的凉爽干燥的气候条件下,南亚作为多个灵长类分支的避难所的基本作用。Ekgmowechashala对北美洲的殖民化有助于定义Arikareean陆地哺乳动物时代的开始,并对应于Lazarus效应的一个例子,即一个分类单元(在本例中为灵长目)在长时间中断后突然出现在化石记录中。
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引用次数: 0
The Initial Upper Paleolithic of the Altai: New radiocarbon determinations for the Kara-Bom site 阿尔泰旧石器时代早期:卡拉博姆遗址的新放射性碳测定。
IF 3.2 1区 地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103453
Evgeny P. Rybin , Natalia E. Belousova , Anatoly P. Derevianko , Katerina Douka , Tom Higham

The Initial Upper Paleolithic (IUP) is one of the most important phases in the recent period of the evolution of humans. During a narrow period in the first half of Marine Isotope Stage 3 laminar industries, accompanied by developed symbolism and specific blade technology, emerged over a vast area, replacing different variants of the Middle Paleolithic. In western Eurasia, the earliest appearance of IUP technology is seen at the Boker Tachtit site, dated ca. 50 ka cal BP. The earliest evidence of IUP industries in the Balkans and Central Europe, linked to the spread of Homo sapiens, has been dated to around 48 ka cal BP. A key area of IUP dispersals are the mountains and piedmont of southern Siberia and eastern Central Asia. One of the reference assemblages here is Kara-Bom, an open-air site in the Siberian Altai. Three major settlement phases are distinguished in the sediment sequence. In this paper, we present the results of new radiocarbon determinations and Bayesian models. We find that the latest phase of the IUP, Upper Paleolithic 1 (‘UP1’) is bracketed between 43 and 35 ka cal BP (at 95.4% probability). The earliest IUP phase, ‘UP2’, begins to accumulate from ca. 49 ka cal BP and ends by ca. 45 ka cal BP. The Middle Paleolithic ‘MP2’ assemblages all fall prior to 50 ka cal BP. We can detect a spatial distribution of dates from the geographic core of the IUP beyond the Altai where it appears around 47–45 ka cal BP. The current distribution of dates suggests a west–east dispersal of the IUP technocomplex along the mountain belts of Central Asia and South Siberia.

旧石器时代早期是人类进化史上最重要的阶段之一。在海洋同位素第三阶段前半段的一个狭窄时期,伴随着发达的象征意义和特定的刀片技术,层状工业在广阔的地区出现,取代了旧石器时代中期的不同变体。在欧亚大陆西部,IUP技术最早出现在Boker Tachtit遗址,年代约为公元前50卡。巴尔干半岛和中欧的IUP产业与智人的传播有关,最早的证据可以追溯到大约48千卡BP。IUP分散的一个关键地区是西伯利亚南部和中亚东部的山脉和山前地带。这里的参考组合之一是卡拉博姆,西伯利亚阿尔泰的一个露天遗址。沉积物序列中有三个主要的沉降阶段。在本文中,我们介绍了新的放射性碳测定结果和贝叶斯模型。我们发现IUP的最新阶段,旧石器时代晚期1(“UP1”)介于43和35卡BP之间(概率为95.4%)。最早的IUP阶段,“UP2”,从大约49卡卡BP开始积累,到大约45卡BP结束。旧石器时代中期的“MP2”组合都发生在50千卡BP之前。我们可以从阿尔泰以外的IUP地理核心检测到日期的空间分布,它出现在47-45卡卡BP左右。目前的日期分布表明,IUP技术复合体沿着中亚和南西伯利亚的山区向东向西扩散。
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引用次数: 0
Tracking the emergence of an organized use of space: A direct comparison of the spatial patterning within Middle and Upper Paleolithic open-air sites 追踪有组织的空间利用的出现:旧石器时代中期和晚期露天遗址空间格局的直接比较。
IF 3.2 1区 地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103455
Amy E. Clark

Although the ‘organization of space’ is said to be one of the defining characteristics of modern human behavior, the identification and documentation of such organization has proven to be elusive, especially as rendered in artifact patterning. Without directly comparing artifact patterns within multiple sites, there is no benchmark with which to conclude one site to be more or less ‘organized’ than another. We can objectively identify patterns within the distribution of archaeological materials, but the decision of whether that patterning constitutes as ‘organized’ is entirely subjective without a comparative model. In this paper, I present the results of a study in which the spatial distribution of artifacts within nine Middle and Upper Paleolithic sites in France are directly compared to one another, and discernible changes in patterning can be identified. The differences in spatial patterning between the Middle and Upper Paleolithic sites suggest that the organization of space likely became increasingly formalized into and throughout the Upper Paleolithic alongside other cultural norms of behavior. Though more sites are needed to thoroughly document this phenomenon, this study suggests that direct comparisons of spatial patterning have the potential to yield more objective results on the question of spatial organization.

尽管“空间组织”被认为是现代人类行为的决定性特征之一,但事实证明,这种组织的识别和记录是难以捉摸的,尤其是在人工制品模式中。如果不直接比较多个站点中的工件模式,就没有基准可以得出一个站点比另一个站点或多或少“有组织”的结论。我们可以客观地识别考古材料分布中的模式,但如果没有比较模型,这种模式是否构成“有组织的”的决定完全是主观的。在这篇论文中,我介绍了一项研究的结果,在该研究中,将法国旧石器时代中期和晚期九个遗址内的人工制品的空间分布进行了直接比较,可以确定图案的明显变化。旧石器时代中期和晚期遗址之间空间格局的差异表明,在旧石器时代晚期,空间的组织可能与其他文化行为规范一起变得越来越正式。尽管需要更多的站点来彻底记录这一现象,但这项研究表明,对空间模式的直接比较有可能在空间组织问题上产生更客观的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Estimation of the upper diaphragm in KNM-WT 15000 (Homo erectus s.l.) and Kebara 2 (Homo neanderthalensis) using a Homo sapiens model 使用智人模型估算KNM-WT 15000(直立人s.l.)和Kebara 2(尼安德特人)的上隔膜。
IF 3.2 1区 地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103442
José M. López-Rey , Daniel García-Martínez , Sandra Martelli , Benoît Beyer , Carlos A. Palancar , Isabel Torres-Sánchez , Francisco García-Río , Markus Bastir
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引用次数: 0
Paleoenvironmental inferences on the Late Miocene hominoid-bearing site of Can Llobateres (NE Iberian Peninsula): An ecometric approach based on functional dental traits Can Llobateres(伊比利亚半岛东北部)中新世晚期含人遗址的古环境推断:基于功能牙齿特征的生态测量方法。
IF 3.2 1区 地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103441
Sara G. Arranz , Isaac Casanovas-Vilar , Indrė Žliobaitė , Juan Abella , Chiara Angelone , Beatriz Azanza , Raymond Bernor , Omar Cirilli , Daniel DeMiguel , Marc Furió , Luca Pandolfi , Josep M. Robles , Israel M. Sánchez , Lars W. van den Hoek Ostende , David M. Alba

Hispanopithecus laietanus from the Late Miocene (9.8 Ma) of Can Llobateres 1 (CLL1; Vallès-Penedès Basin, NE Iberian Peninsula) represents one of the latest occurrences of fossil apes in Western mainland Europe, where they are last recorded at ∼9.5 Ma. The paleoenvironment of CLL1 is thus relevant for understanding the extinction of European hominoids. To refine paleoenvironmental inferences for CLL1, we apply ecometric models based on functional crown type (FCT) variables—a scoring scheme devised to capture macroscopic functional traits of occlusal shape and wear surfaces of herbivorous large mammal molars. Paleotemperature and paleoprecipitation estimates for CLL1 are provided based on published regional regression models linking average FCT of large herbivorous mammal communities to climatic conditions. A mapping to Whittaker's present-day biome classification is also attempted based on these estimates, as well as a case-based reasoning via canonical variate analysis of FCT variables from five relevant biomes. Estimates of mean annual temperature (25 °C) and mean annual precipitation (881 mm) classify CLL1 as a tropical seasonal forest/savanna, only in partial agreement with the canonical variate analysis results, which classify CLL1 as a tropical rainforest with a higher probability. The former biome agrees better with previous inferences derived from fossil plants and mammals, as well as preliminary isotopic data. The misclassification of CLL1 as a tropical forest is attributed to the mixture of forest-adapted taxa with others adapted to more open environments, given that faunal and plant composition indicates the presence of a dense wetland/riparian forest with more open woodlands nearby. The tested FCT ecometric approaches do not provide unambiguous biome classification for CLL1. Nevertheless, our results are consistent with those from other approaches, thus suggesting that FCT variables are potentially useful to investigate paleoenvironmental changes through time and space—including those that led to the extinction of European Miocene apes.

Can Llobateres 1(CLL1;Vallès-Penedès盆地,NE Iberian半岛)中新世晚期(9.8 Ma)的laietanus Hispanophecus代表了西欧大陆最新出现的类人猿化石之一,它们最后一次被记录是在~9.5 Ma。因此,CLL1的古环境与理解欧洲类人猿的灭绝有关。为了完善CLL1的古环境推断,我们应用了基于功能牙冠类型(FCT)变量的生态测量模型,这是一种旨在捕捉草食性大型哺乳动物磨牙咬合形状和磨损表面宏观功能特征的评分方案。CLL1的古温度和古降水量估计是基于已发表的区域回归模型提供的,该模型将大型草食性哺乳动物群落的平均FCT与气候条件联系起来。基于这些估计,以及通过对五个相关生物群落的FCT变量进行规范变量分析进行的基于案例的推理,也试图映射到惠特克目前的生物群落分类。对年平均温度(25°C)和年平均降水量(881 mm)的估计将CLL1归类为热带季节性森林/稀树草原,仅与典型变量分析结果部分一致,后者将CLL1分类为热带雨林的概率更高。以前的生物群落与以前从植物和哺乳动物化石以及初步同位素数据中得出的推断更为一致。CLL1被错误归类为热带森林是由于森林适应分类群与其他适应更开放环境的分类群的混合,因为动物群和植物组成表明附近有密集的湿地/河岸森林和更开放的林地。测试的FCT生态测量方法没有为CLL1提供明确的生物群落分类。尽管如此,我们的结果与其他方法的结果一致,因此表明FCT变量可能有助于研究古环境在时间和空间上的变化,包括导致欧洲中新世类人猿灭绝的变化。
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Journal of Human Evolution
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