Journal of Human Evolution最新文献_第6页

New insights into the Neanderthal pelvis morphology based on a partial os coxae from El Sidrón (Asturias, Spain) 基于El Sidrón（西班牙阿斯图里亚斯）部分os coae对尼安德特人骨盆形态的新见解

IF 3.1 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Human Evolution

Pub Date : 2025-04-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2025.103666

Nicole Torres-Tamayo , Markus Bastir , Caroline VanSickle , Antonio García-Tabernero , Marco de la Rasilla , Antonio Rosas

The Neanderthal pelvis exhibits distinctive features compared to modern humans, including wider and more flared iliac blades, a more anteriorly positioned sacrum, and a longer and thinner, outwardly oriented pubic bone. Each new addition to the pelvic fossil record is significant for enhancing our understanding of Neanderthal morphology and variation. Here, we present SD-1663, the most complete adult os coxae fragment recovered from the El Sidrón site in Asturias (Spain), dated to approximately 49 ka. We carried out a detailed description and quantitative analysis of SD-1663 within a comparative framework that includes other notable pelvic fossil specimens. Utilizing traditional and three-dimensional morphometric techniques, we assessed the morphological characteristics of SD-1663 focusing on dimensions and anatomical landmarks that distinguish Neanderthal pelves from those of other hominins. The analyses reveal that SD-1663 was a young adult male with features and size that clustered with other Neanderthals in our comparative sample. However, SD-1663 also shares significant morphological affinities with earlier Pleistocene Homo specimens such as KNM-ER 3228 (Homo erectus), suggesting a broader range of pelvic variation within Neanderthals than previously recognized. This discovery contributes to expanding the Neanderthal range of anatomical diversity, indicating that the Neanderthal pelvis may have been more variable than the current fossil record suggests. It also underscores the importance of continued excavation and analysis of Neanderthal remains to fully comprehend the scope of their anatomical adaptations and evolutionary history. SD-1663 thus represents a valuable addition to the fossil record, offering new perspectives on Neanderthal pelvis morphology and its variation.

与现代人相比，尼安德特人的骨盆表现出独特的特征，包括更宽、更宽的髂骨，更靠前的骶骨，更长、更薄、向外的耻骨。骨盆化石记录的每一个新发现都对增强我们对尼安德特人形态和变异的理解具有重要意义。在这里，我们展示了SD-1663，这是在阿斯图里亚斯（西班牙）的El Sidrón遗址中发现的最完整的成年os cocoae碎片，可追溯到大约49年前。我们在一个比较框架内对SD-1663进行了详细的描述和定量分析，其中包括其他著名的骨盆化石标本。利用传统和三维形态测量技术，我们评估了SD-1663的形态特征，重点是将尼安德特人与其他人类区分开来的尺寸和解剖标志。分析显示，SD-1663是一名年轻的成年男性，其特征和体型与我们比较样本中的其他尼安德特人相似。然而，SD-1663也与早期更新世人标本（如KNM-ER 3228（直立人））具有显著的形态学相似性，这表明尼安德特人的骨盆变异范围比之前认识到的要大。这一发现有助于扩大尼安德特人解剖学多样性的范围，表明尼安德特人的骨盆可能比目前的化石记录显示的更加多样化。这也强调了继续挖掘和分析尼安德特人遗骸的重要性，以充分了解他们的解剖适应和进化历史的范围。因此，SD-1663代表了对化石记录的宝贵补充，为尼安德特人骨盆形态及其变异提供了新的视角。

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引用次数: 0

Ecomorphology in Kenya's Koobi Fora Formation: Reconstructing Early Pleistocene hominin paleoenvironments with 3D geometric morphometric analyses of bovid metapodials 肯尼亚Koobi Fora组的生态形态学：用三维几何形态分析重建早更新世人族古环境

IF 3.1 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Human Evolution

Pub Date : 2025-04-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2025.103681

Megan Malherbe , Nicole Webb , Magdalena Palisson-Kramer , Emmanuel K. Ndiema , David R. Braun , Martin Haeusler , Frances Forrest

This research presents a new method of ecological morphology (ecomorphology) analysis using three-dimensional geometric morphometrics to quantify shape variation in extant bovid metapodials with known habitat preferences. Extant data were used to create a model for classifying bones into distinct habitat categories and to test functional hypotheses related to locomotor behavior in different habitats. The model was then applied to fossils from the Koobi Fora Formation, Kenya, to assess the environmental context during important events in hominin evolution. The use of three-dimensional geometric morphometrics demonstrates significant improvement over traditional methods using caliper measurements. Discriminant function analysis successfully classified 94% of metacarpals and 93% of metatarsals into their correct habitat categories for modern specimens. The protocol was reduced to a subset of landmarks focused on the distal epiphyses. This model produced greater overlap, but classification success rates remained high, with 82% and 83% correct classification for modern metacarpals and metatarsals, respectively. We applied the reduced model to metapodials from Upper Burgi (1.98–1.87 Ma), KBS (1.87–1.56 Ma), and Okote (1.56–1.38 Ma) members in the Koobi Fora Formation. This location is important to understanding human evolution, fossil diversity, and paleoecology. Moreover, previous studies on faunal abundance, paleosol carbonates, and carbon isotopes provide a robust framework to compare the findings of this study. Our analyses classified the majority of fossil specimens as open-habitat dwellers, with a few specimens grouped as closed-adapted, the highest number of these falling within the Okote Member sample. This suggests that open and likely xeric environments dominated the East Turkana region during the Early Pleistocene. These findings are consistent with many previous reconstructions, though with a more open signal for the Okote Member than expected based on bovid abundance research.

本研究提出了一种新的生态形态学分析方法，利用三维几何形态计量学来量化已知栖息地偏好下现存牛科动物元足的形状变化。现有数据用于创建一个模型，将骨骼分类为不同的栖息地类别，并测试与不同栖息地中运动行为相关的功能假设。然后将该模型应用于肯尼亚Koobi Fora组的化石，以评估人族进化重要事件期间的环境背景。三维几何形态计量学的使用比使用卡尺测量的传统方法有了显著的改进。判别功能分析成功地将94%的掌骨和93%的跖骨划分为现代标本正确的栖息地类别。该方案减少到一个子集的标志集中在远端骨骺。该模型产生了更大的重叠，但分类成功率仍然很高，对现代掌骨和跖骨的分类准确率分别为82%和83%。将简化模型应用于Koobi Fora组Upper Burgi （1.98 ~ 1.87 Ma）、KBS （1.87 ~ 1.56 Ma）和Okote （1.56 ~ 1.38 Ma）段的元跖面。这个位置对了解人类进化、化石多样性和古生态学非常重要。此外，先前关于动物丰度、古土壤碳酸盐和碳同位素的研究为比较本研究的结果提供了一个强有力的框架。我们的分析将大多数化石标本归类为开放式栖息地的居民，少数标本归类为封闭式适应的居民，其中最多的标本属于Okote成员样本。这表明，在早更新世，东图尔卡纳地区主要处于开放和可能的干旱环境。这些发现与之前的许多重建结果一致，尽管与基于动物丰度研究的预期相比，Okote成员的信号更加开放。

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引用次数: 0

Serial reconstruction of Hominini manual phalanges 人族手指骨的序列重建

IF 3.1 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Human Evolution

Pub Date : 2025-04-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2025.103674

Miguel López-Cano , Markus Bastir

Serial morphology is the study of repeating, sequentially arranged structures in organisms, focusing on their development, organization, and evolutionary significance. Manual digits in primates, exhibiting proximodistal and radioulnar homology, can be analyzed using a serial morphological approach. This method offers a potential tool for reconstructing serial elements of hominin fossil record. Therefore, this study aims to analyze serial homology in proximal and intermediate phalanges of extant and extinct Hominini species to validate a novel methodology for reconstructing missing bones within the hand. For this purpose, we designed a template (27 true landmarks and 128 curve semilandmarks) for proximal and intermediate phalanges of digits II–V, applied to Homo sapiens (n = 125), Homo neanderthalensis (n = 9), Homo naledi (n = 9), Australopithecus sediba (n = 2), and Pan troglodytes (n = 122). Missing data were estimated using bilateral symmetry or geometric estimation methods. We used principal component analysis to quantify and examine morphological variability for each phalanx. Each serially reconstructed phalanx was validated by comparing the estimated to the original morphology using generalized Procrustes analysis and Procrustes distances, principal component analysis, and the Mann-Whitney U test. The results highlight both similarities and differences in serial homology between Pan and hominins, reflecting a shared developmental ‘blueprint’ alongside interspecific morphological variations influenced by genetic and functional factors. Finally, serial reconstruction with homologous elements is possible in the proximal and intermediate manual phalanges of Hominini, being more accurate with a proximal-proximal or intermediate-intermediate disposition, offering potential for reconstructing missing fossil hominin manual phalanges.

序列形态学是研究生物体中重复的、顺序排列的结构，重点研究它们的发育、组织和进化意义。灵长类动物的手指，表现出近远端和桡尺同源性，可以使用序列形态学方法进行分析。该方法为重建古人类化石记录序列元素提供了一种潜在的工具。因此，本研究旨在分析现存和已灭绝的人族物种近端和中间指骨的序列同源性，以验证一种重建手部缺失骨骼的新方法。为此，我们设计了一个II-V趾近端和中间指骨模板（27个真实标记和128个曲线半标记），应用于智人（n = 125）、尼安德特人（n = 9）、纳莱迪人（n = 9）、南方古猿sediba （n = 2）和类人猿（n = 122）。缺失数据的估计采用双边对称或几何估计方法。我们使用主成分分析来量化和检查每个指骨的形态变异。利用广义Procrustes分析、Procrustes距离、主成分分析和Mann-Whitney U检验，将估计的指骨与原始形态进行比较，对每个序列重建的指骨进行验证。结果突出了潘人与古人类序列同源性的相似性和差异性，反映了共同的发育“蓝图”以及受遗传和功能因素影响的种间形态差异。最后，用同源元素对古人类近端和中间手指骨进行序列重建是可能的，用近端-近端或中间-中间的定位更准确，为重建缺失的古人类手指骨化石提供了可能。

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引用次数: 0

Re-evaluating Omo 105-7, a provisional hominin last lumbar vertebra from the Lower Omo Basin (Plio-Pleistocene) of Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚下奥莫盆地（上新世-更新世）临时人类最后腰椎Omo 105-7的重新评价

IF 3.1 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Human Evolution

Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2025.103676

Xue Wang , Marc R. Meyer , Scott A. Williams

引用次数: 0

Aurignacian groups at Isturitz (France) adapted to a shifting environment upon their arrival in Western Europe ∼42,000 years ago 在法国伊斯图里茨（Isturitz）的奥里尼亚纪（Aurignacian）群在大约4.2万年前到达西欧时适应了不断变化的环境

IF 3.1 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Human Evolution

Pub Date : 2025-04-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2025.103665

E. Berlioz , M. Fernández-García , M.-C. Soulier , L. Agudo-Pérez , G. Amorós , C. Normand , A.B. Marín-Arroyo

The Marine Isotope Stage 3 is a context of considerable climatic instability. Establishing the link between global climate changes and their impact on the local ecological contexts and prey exploited by human populations is challenging. Still, it is necessary to understand better the local conditions where humans lived to unravel how they adapted to fluctuating environmental conditions. Here, we address this question by studying 250 osteodental elements from animals hunted and consumed by human groups at Isturitz, a rich and well-documented French archaeological site and one of the earliest in Western Europe where the Aurignacian technoculture has been attested. To do so, we set up a multiproxy approach (archaeozoology, three-dimensional dental microwear texture analyses, and stable isotopic analyses of δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C in enamel bioapatite and δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N, and δ³⁴S in bone collagen) that informs us on a timeline from the first years to the last few days of an animal's life. We reconstructed their ecologies and paleoenvironments during the different Aurignacian phases at Isturitz. Our findings indicate that the first human occupations at Isturitz occurred under cold and arid conditions, rapidly becoming even cooler and drier. Limited changes are observed in the human-environment-prey relationship despite this unstable climatic context where significant changes in rainfall, temperature, and a gradual opening of environments and some changes in the faunal assemblage occurred. Our findings suggest that human groups hunted in similar territories and utilized comparable strategies throughout the temporal sequence. Our multiproxy approach, combining complementary analyses, provides a better understanding of the adaptation strategies when the first phases of the Upper Paleolithic were emerging in Western Europe.

海洋同位素阶段 3 的气候相当不稳定。在全球气候变化及其对当地生态环境和人类所捕食的猎物的影响之间建立联系具有挑战性。不过，我们仍有必要更好地了解人类生活的当地条件，以了解他们是如何适应波动的环境条件的。在这里，我们通过研究伊斯图里茨人类群体捕猎和食用的 250 种动物的骨齿元素来解决这个问题。伊斯图里茨是一个内容丰富、资料翔实的法国考古遗址，也是西欧最早证实奥里尼亚克技术文化的遗址之一。为此，我们建立了一个多代理方法（考古动物学、三维牙齿微磨损纹理分析、珐琅质生物磷灰石中的δ18O和δ13C以及骨胶原中的δ13C、δ15N和δ34S的稳定同位素分析），为我们提供了一条从动物生命最初几年到最后几天的时间线。我们重建了伊斯图里茨不同奥里尼亚克期的生态和古环境。我们的研究结果表明，伊斯图里茨最早的人类活动发生在寒冷和干旱的条件下，并迅速变得更加寒冷和干燥。尽管在这种不稳定的气候条件下，降雨量、温度发生了显著变化，环境逐渐开阔，动物群落也发生了一些变化，但在人类-环境-猎物关系中观察到的变化有限。我们的研究结果表明，在整个时间序列中，人类群体在相似的地域狩猎，并使用相似的策略。我们的多代理方法结合了互补性分析，使我们能够更好地理解西欧出现上旧石器时代第一阶段时的适应策略。

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引用次数: 0

Palaeoecology of the Pliocene large carnivore guild at Hadar, Lower Awash Valley, Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚下阿瓦什河谷哈达尔地区上新世大型食肉动物公会的古生态学

IF 3.1 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Human Evolution

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2025.103653

Joshua R. Robinson , Ignacio A. Lazagabaster , John Rowan , Margaret E. Lewis , Lars Werdelin , Christopher J. Campisano , Kaye E. Reed

The Hadar Formation at Hadar (Lower Awash Valley, Ethiopia, ∼3.45–2.95 Ma) is one of the most well-known and studied Pliocene hominin-bearing sequences in eastern Africa, yielding numerous fossils of the species Australopithecus afarensis. While much research has been conducted on the palaeoecology of the Hadar Formation broadly, little attention has been placed on the carnivore guild. Here, we present new stable carbon and oxygen isotope data for Hadar carnivores that contribute to the palaeoenvironmental reconstructions of the Hadar Formation and facilitate inference of predator-prey relationship between the large carnivore and herbivore guilds at Hadar. Overall, the members of the Hadar carnivore guild had relatively high carbon values (−4.6 ± 1.4‰), with the highest values in the middle part of the sequence (Denen Dora Member, ∼3.2 Ma). These values are higher than the carbon values of carnivores from penecontemporaneous sediments in the Turkana Basin (southern Ethiopia and northern Kenya). Stable oxygen isotope values are variable throughout the Hadar Formation, but reconstruction of estimated meteoric water oxygen values indicates a wetter and more pluvial climate than that at the present. Carbon isotope mixing models weighted by a prey selectivity index based on established predator-prey body size relationships reveals that two large-bodied taxa (Homotherium and Crocuta venustula) had partitioned their dietary niches only to a limited extent. Understanding the nature of the large carnivore guild at Hadar allows us to predict which taxa may have been competitors or predators of Au. afarensis, offering insights into the palaeoecological context beyond what can be inferred from palaeoenvironmental reconstructions alone. Moreover, our analyses provide a valuable insight into the little-known isotopic ecology of fossil African carnivores.

Hadar组（埃塞俄比亚下阿瓦什山谷，约3.45-2.95 Ma）是非洲东部最著名和研究最多的上新世人类序列之一，发现了大量的南方古猿阿法种化石。虽然对哈达尔组的古生态学进行了广泛的研究，但对食肉动物行会的关注却很少。本文提供了新的哈达尔食肉动物的稳定碳氧同位素数据，有助于重建哈达尔组的古环境，并有助于推断哈达尔大型食肉动物和食草动物行会之间的捕食-猎物关系。总体而言，哈达尔食肉动物行会成员的碳值相对较高（- 4.6±1.4‰），其中序列中部（Denen Dora成员，~ 3.2 Ma）的碳值最高。这些值高于图尔卡纳盆地（埃塞俄比亚南部和肯尼亚北部）准同生沉积物中食肉动物的碳值。稳定的氧同位素值在整个哈达尔组是变化的，但估计的大气水氧值的重建表明，气候比现在更湿润，更富雨。基于已建立的捕食者-被捕食者体型关系的碳同位素混合模型加权表明，两个大型类群（Homotherium和Crocuta venustula）仅在有限程度上划分了它们的饮食生态位。了解哈达尔大型食肉动物公会的性质，可以让我们预测哪些分类群可能是Au的竞争对手或捕食者。阿法种，提供了对古生态背景的深入了解，而不仅仅是从古环境重建中推断出来的。此外，我们的分析为鲜为人知的非洲食肉动物化石的同位素生态学提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

JHE: The case for preserving a legacy journal and its community JHE：保留传统期刊及其社区的案例。

IF 3.1 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Human Evolution

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2025.103677

Radu Iovita , Nohemi Sala , Song Xing

引用次数: 0

Human midfacial growth pattern differs from that of Neanderthals and chimpanzees 人类面部中部的生长模式不同于尼安德特人和黑猩猩

IF 3.1 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Human Evolution

Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2025.103667

Alexandra Schuh , Philipp Gunz , Chiara Villa , Bruno Maureille , Michel Toussaint , Grégory Abrams , Jean-Jacques Hublin , Sarah E. Freidline

Present-day humans have small and retracted midfaces, while Neanderthals possess large and forwardly projected midfaces. To understand the ontogenetic patterns underlying these characteristic morphologies, we compared maxillary growth and development from birth to adulthood in present-day humans (Homo sapiens; n = 128), Neanderthals (Homo neanderthalensis; n = 13), and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus; n = 33) using macroscopic (i.e., geometric morphometrics) and microscopic (i.e., surface histology) approaches. Using geometric morphometrics to quantify macroscopic patterns of growth and development, we found that the midfaces of present-day humans are on average already smaller at birth than those of Neanderthals and grow more slowly after birth. In particular, we find an early cessation of growth around adolescence, which is unique to our species. Microscopically, this is reflected in reduced amounts of bone resorption, indicative of decreased cellular activities linked to bone development. Greater amounts of bone formation in the infraorbital and nasal regions and faster growth rates are responsible for the large Neanderthal midface. These results highlight the importance of postnatal ontogeny (especially in late stages) for explaining facial differences between Neanderthals and present-day humans, as well as part of the gracilization process characteristic of present-day humans.

现代人类的中脸小而向后缩，而尼安德特人的中脸大而向前突出。为了了解这些特征形态背后的个体发生模式，我们比较了现代人类(智人；n = 128)，尼安德特人(Homo neanderthalensis；n = 13)，黑猩猩(Pan troglodytes verus；N = 33)，采用宏观（即几何形态计量学）和微观（即表面组织学）方法。使用几何形态计量学来量化生长和发育的宏观模式，我们发现现代人的中脸在出生时平均已经比尼安德特人小，出生后增长更慢。特别是，我们发现青春期前后生长会提前停止，这是人类独有的。显微镜下，这反映在骨吸收量减少，表明与骨发育有关的细胞活动减少。在眶下和鼻区有大量的骨骼形成，生长速度更快，这是尼安德特人中脸较大的原因。这些结果强调了出生后个体发育（特别是在后期）对于解释尼安德特人和现代人之间面部差异的重要性，以及现代人特征的部分纤体化过程。

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引用次数: 0

The Marine Isotope Stage 5 (∼105 ka) lithic assemblage from Ga-Mohana Hill North Rockshelter and insights into social transmission across the Kalahari Basin and its environs 来自Ga-Mohana Hill North Rockshelter的海洋同位素第5阶段（~ 105 ka）岩石组合以及对喀拉哈里盆地及其周边地区社会传播的见解

IF 3.1 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Human Evolution

Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2025.103654

Precious Chiwara-Maenzanise , Benjamin J. Schoville , Yonatan Sahle , Jayne Wilkins

The social transmission of cultural information is widely acknowledged as a key factor in the survival of our species. This paper explores lithic technological systems to assess the presence and extent of cultural information transmission between early human groups in the Kalahari Basin and its environs during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5 (∼130–74 ka). This period is crucial for understanding the development and expansion of complex behaviors in Africa. Dated to ∼105 ka, the dark brown silt and roofspall lithic assemblage at Ga-Mohana Hill North Rockshelter in the southern Kalahari provides evidence of early human behavior from South Africa's interior. Technological analyses reveal that lithic reduction at Ga-Mohana Hill North Rockshelter focused on producing flakes, convergent pieces, and blades, primarily using the recurrent Levallois method. Comparisons with contemporaneous MIS 5 assemblages in the Kalahari and surrounding regions, such as Erfkroon, Florisbad, and White Paintings Rockshelter, reveal significant technological similarities. These include the use of local raw materials, recurrent Levallois methods, hard hammer percussion technique, core maintenance through débordants, manufacturing of blanks with comparable shapes and sizes, mostly with faceted platforms, and a low frequency of formal tools. These similarities suggest a shared technological tradition and potential cultural exchange among the groups at these sites. This connectivity may reflect their shared adaptation to the predominantly arid and semi-arid conditions of the Kalahari Basin and its environs, which may have necessitated the formation of social ties to access scarce and potentially unpredictable resources, in contrast to the fragmentation observed in some other regions during interglacial periods.

文化信息的社会传播被广泛认为是人类生存的关键因素。本文探讨了岩石技术系统，以评估喀拉哈里盆地及其周边地区在海洋同位素阶段（MIS） 5 （~ 130-74 ka）早期人类群体之间文化信息传播的存在和程度。这一时期对于理解非洲复杂行为的发展和扩展至关重要。喀拉哈里南部Ga-Mohana Hill North Rockshelter的深棕色淤泥和屋顶碎块岩石组合可追溯到~ 105 ka，为南非内陆的早期人类行为提供了证据。技术分析表明，Ga-Mohana Hill North Rockshelter的岩屑减少主要集中在薄片、会聚块和叶片上，主要使用循环的Levallois方法。与Kalahari和周边地区（如Erfkroon、Florisbad和White Paintings Rockshelter）的同期MIS 5组合进行比较，揭示了显著的技术相似性。这些措施包括使用当地原材料、重复使用勒瓦卢瓦方法、硬锤敲击技术、通过danalys进行芯部维护、制造具有类似形状和尺寸的毛坯（主要是多面平台），以及使用正规工具的频率较低。这些相似之处表明，在这些遗址的群体之间存在着共同的技术传统和潜在的文化交流。这种连通性可能反映了他们对喀拉哈里盆地及其周边地区主要干旱和半干旱条件的共同适应，这可能需要形成社会联系以获取稀缺和潜在不可预测的资源，这与间冰期在其他一些地区观察到的碎片化形成鲜明对比。

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引用次数: 0

Ulnar morphology of Pliobates cataloniae (Pliopithecoidea: Crouzeliidae): Insights into catarrhine locomotor diversity and forelimb evolution cataloniates （Pliobates）尺骨形态（Pliobates coidea: crouzelidae）： carrine运动多样性和前肢进化的见解

IF 3.1 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Human Evolution

Pub Date : 2025-03-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2025.103663

Georgina Raventós-Izard , Oriol Monclús-Gonzalo , Salvador Moyà-Solà , David M. Alba , Julia Arias-Martorell

Pliobates cataloniae is a small-bodied crouzeliid pliopithecoid from the Miocene (∼11.6 Ma) of Abocador de Can Mata (ACM; Vallès-Penedès Basin, NE Iberian Peninsula). It exhibits a mosaic of primitive (stem catarrhine) and derived (modern hominoid-like) postcranial features. The holotype partial skeleton, from locality ACM/C8-A4, includes an almost complete ulna—a bone that plays a critical role in forearm flexion-extension and pronation-supination. Here, we use landmark-based three-dimensional geometric morphometrics to evaluate the closest morphometric affinities of the Pliobates ulna and explore its implications for the locomotor repertoire of this taxon. The comparative sample includes 156 specimens corresponding to 35 species from 20 anthropoid genera, three lorisid genera, and 10 fossil catarrhines. Our results indicate that the trochlear notch morphology of Pliobates resembles that of stem catarrhines and other nonhominoid primates. However, Pliobates differs from cercopithecoids (especially terrestrial taxa) in radial notch features related to enhanced pronation-supination capabilities, closely resembling the condition displayed by crown hominoids, Ateles, and Loris. In turn, the distal ulna of Pliobates does not overlap with any extant group and differs from the other fossils analyzed, most closely resembling that of hylobatids and lorisids. Pliobates probably had an extensive range of movement in the distal forearm, as indicated by the incipiently expanded semilunar ulnar head, the relatively short styloid process, the deep fovea, and the hooklike styloid process. This suggests that Pliobates would have frequently displayed nonstereotypical limb postures and slow locomotor behaviors. Overall, the ulnar morphology of Pliobates suggests that its locomotor repertoire may have combined cautious above-branch quadrupedalism and eclectic climbing with nonagile suspensory behaviors resembling those of Ateles.

cataloniae Pliobates是一种小体crouzeliid pliopithecoid，来自Abocador de Can Mata （ACM）中新世（~ 11.6 Ma）；伊比利亚半岛东北部的vall - pened盆地)。它展示了原始（干卡塔林）和衍生（现代类人猿）后颅特征的马赛克。完整型部分骨骼，来自部位ACM/C8-A4，包括一个几乎完整的尺骨，在前臂屈伸和旋前中起关键作用。在这里，我们使用基于地标的三维几何形态计量学来评估尺骨唇形类最接近的形态相似性，并探讨其对该分类单元运动能力的影响。比较样本包括20个类人猿属、3个猴目属、10个卡鼻目化石的35种156个标本。我们的研究结果表明，上颚类动物的滑车切迹形态与干鼻虫和其他非人猿灵长类动物相似。然而，Pliobates与cercopithecoids（尤其是陆生类群）的不同之处在于，其径向缺口特征与增强的旋前-旋后能力有关，与冠类人猿、Ateles和Loris的情况非常相似。反过来，Pliobates的远端尺骨与任何现存的类群都没有重叠，并且与其他被分析的化石不同，最接近于hylobatids和lorisids。从早期扩张的半月尺骨头、相对较短的茎突、较深的中央窝和钩状茎突可以看出，凸突骨在前臂远端可能具有广泛的活动范围。这表明棱叶虫可能经常表现出非典型的肢体姿势和缓慢的运动行为。总的来说，唇形纲的尺骨形态表明，它的运动方式可能结合了谨慎的枝上四足行走和折衷的攀爬，以及类似于掌形纲的非敏捷悬吊行为。

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引用次数: 0