Journal of Human Evolution最新文献_第6页

Aurignacian groups at Isturitz (France) adapted to a shifting environment upon their arrival in Western Europe ∼42,000 years ago 在法国伊斯图里茨（Isturitz）的奥里尼亚纪（Aurignacian）群在大约4.2万年前到达西欧时适应了不断变化的环境

IF 3.1 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Human Evolution

Pub Date : 2025-04-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2025.103665

E. Berlioz , M. Fernández-García , M.-C. Soulier , L. Agudo-Pérez , G. Amorós , C. Normand , A.B. Marín-Arroyo

The Marine Isotope Stage 3 is a context of considerable climatic instability. Establishing the link between global climate changes and their impact on the local ecological contexts and prey exploited by human populations is challenging. Still, it is necessary to understand better the local conditions where humans lived to unravel how they adapted to fluctuating environmental conditions. Here, we address this question by studying 250 osteodental elements from animals hunted and consumed by human groups at Isturitz, a rich and well-documented French archaeological site and one of the earliest in Western Europe where the Aurignacian technoculture has been attested. To do so, we set up a multiproxy approach (archaeozoology, three-dimensional dental microwear texture analyses, and stable isotopic analyses of δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C in enamel bioapatite and δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N, and δ³⁴S in bone collagen) that informs us on a timeline from the first years to the last few days of an animal's life. We reconstructed their ecologies and paleoenvironments during the different Aurignacian phases at Isturitz. Our findings indicate that the first human occupations at Isturitz occurred under cold and arid conditions, rapidly becoming even cooler and drier. Limited changes are observed in the human-environment-prey relationship despite this unstable climatic context where significant changes in rainfall, temperature, and a gradual opening of environments and some changes in the faunal assemblage occurred. Our findings suggest that human groups hunted in similar territories and utilized comparable strategies throughout the temporal sequence. Our multiproxy approach, combining complementary analyses, provides a better understanding of the adaptation strategies when the first phases of the Upper Paleolithic were emerging in Western Europe.

海洋同位素阶段 3 的气候相当不稳定。在全球气候变化及其对当地生态环境和人类所捕食的猎物的影响之间建立联系具有挑战性。不过，我们仍有必要更好地了解人类生活的当地条件，以了解他们是如何适应波动的环境条件的。在这里，我们通过研究伊斯图里茨人类群体捕猎和食用的 250 种动物的骨齿元素来解决这个问题。伊斯图里茨是一个内容丰富、资料翔实的法国考古遗址，也是西欧最早证实奥里尼亚克技术文化的遗址之一。为此，我们建立了一个多代理方法（考古动物学、三维牙齿微磨损纹理分析、珐琅质生物磷灰石中的δ18O和δ13C以及骨胶原中的δ13C、δ15N和δ34S的稳定同位素分析），为我们提供了一条从动物生命最初几年到最后几天的时间线。我们重建了伊斯图里茨不同奥里尼亚克期的生态和古环境。我们的研究结果表明，伊斯图里茨最早的人类活动发生在寒冷和干旱的条件下，并迅速变得更加寒冷和干燥。尽管在这种不稳定的气候条件下，降雨量、温度发生了显著变化，环境逐渐开阔，动物群落也发生了一些变化，但在人类-环境-猎物关系中观察到的变化有限。我们的研究结果表明，在整个时间序列中，人类群体在相似的地域狩猎，并使用相似的策略。我们的多代理方法结合了互补性分析，使我们能够更好地理解西欧出现上旧石器时代第一阶段时的适应策略。

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引用次数: 0

Palaeoecology of the Pliocene large carnivore guild at Hadar, Lower Awash Valley, Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚下阿瓦什河谷哈达尔地区上新世大型食肉动物公会的古生态学

IF 3.1 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Human Evolution

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2025.103653

Joshua R. Robinson , Ignacio A. Lazagabaster , John Rowan , Margaret E. Lewis , Lars Werdelin , Christopher J. Campisano , Kaye E. Reed

The Hadar Formation at Hadar (Lower Awash Valley, Ethiopia, ∼3.45–2.95 Ma) is one of the most well-known and studied Pliocene hominin-bearing sequences in eastern Africa, yielding numerous fossils of the species Australopithecus afarensis. While much research has been conducted on the palaeoecology of the Hadar Formation broadly, little attention has been placed on the carnivore guild. Here, we present new stable carbon and oxygen isotope data for Hadar carnivores that contribute to the palaeoenvironmental reconstructions of the Hadar Formation and facilitate inference of predator-prey relationship between the large carnivore and herbivore guilds at Hadar. Overall, the members of the Hadar carnivore guild had relatively high carbon values (−4.6 ± 1.4‰), with the highest values in the middle part of the sequence (Denen Dora Member, ∼3.2 Ma). These values are higher than the carbon values of carnivores from penecontemporaneous sediments in the Turkana Basin (southern Ethiopia and northern Kenya). Stable oxygen isotope values are variable throughout the Hadar Formation, but reconstruction of estimated meteoric water oxygen values indicates a wetter and more pluvial climate than that at the present. Carbon isotope mixing models weighted by a prey selectivity index based on established predator-prey body size relationships reveals that two large-bodied taxa (Homotherium and Crocuta venustula) had partitioned their dietary niches only to a limited extent. Understanding the nature of the large carnivore guild at Hadar allows us to predict which taxa may have been competitors or predators of Au. afarensis, offering insights into the palaeoecological context beyond what can be inferred from palaeoenvironmental reconstructions alone. Moreover, our analyses provide a valuable insight into the little-known isotopic ecology of fossil African carnivores.

Hadar组（埃塞俄比亚下阿瓦什山谷，约3.45-2.95 Ma）是非洲东部最著名和研究最多的上新世人类序列之一，发现了大量的南方古猿阿法种化石。虽然对哈达尔组的古生态学进行了广泛的研究，但对食肉动物行会的关注却很少。本文提供了新的哈达尔食肉动物的稳定碳氧同位素数据，有助于重建哈达尔组的古环境，并有助于推断哈达尔大型食肉动物和食草动物行会之间的捕食-猎物关系。总体而言，哈达尔食肉动物行会成员的碳值相对较高（- 4.6±1.4‰），其中序列中部（Denen Dora成员，~ 3.2 Ma）的碳值最高。这些值高于图尔卡纳盆地（埃塞俄比亚南部和肯尼亚北部）准同生沉积物中食肉动物的碳值。稳定的氧同位素值在整个哈达尔组是变化的，但估计的大气水氧值的重建表明，气候比现在更湿润，更富雨。基于已建立的捕食者-被捕食者体型关系的碳同位素混合模型加权表明，两个大型类群（Homotherium和Crocuta venustula）仅在有限程度上划分了它们的饮食生态位。了解哈达尔大型食肉动物公会的性质，可以让我们预测哪些分类群可能是Au的竞争对手或捕食者。阿法种，提供了对古生态背景的深入了解，而不仅仅是从古环境重建中推断出来的。此外，我们的分析为鲜为人知的非洲食肉动物化石的同位素生态学提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

JHE: The case for preserving a legacy journal and its community JHE：保留传统期刊及其社区的案例。

IF 3.1 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Human Evolution

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2025.103677

Radu Iovita , Nohemi Sala , Song Xing

引用次数: 0

Human midfacial growth pattern differs from that of Neanderthals and chimpanzees 人类面部中部的生长模式不同于尼安德特人和黑猩猩

IF 3.1 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Human Evolution

Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2025.103667

Alexandra Schuh , Philipp Gunz , Chiara Villa , Bruno Maureille , Michel Toussaint , Grégory Abrams , Jean-Jacques Hublin , Sarah E. Freidline

Present-day humans have small and retracted midfaces, while Neanderthals possess large and forwardly projected midfaces. To understand the ontogenetic patterns underlying these characteristic morphologies, we compared maxillary growth and development from birth to adulthood in present-day humans (Homo sapiens; n = 128), Neanderthals (Homo neanderthalensis; n = 13), and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus; n = 33) using macroscopic (i.e., geometric morphometrics) and microscopic (i.e., surface histology) approaches. Using geometric morphometrics to quantify macroscopic patterns of growth and development, we found that the midfaces of present-day humans are on average already smaller at birth than those of Neanderthals and grow more slowly after birth. In particular, we find an early cessation of growth around adolescence, which is unique to our species. Microscopically, this is reflected in reduced amounts of bone resorption, indicative of decreased cellular activities linked to bone development. Greater amounts of bone formation in the infraorbital and nasal regions and faster growth rates are responsible for the large Neanderthal midface. These results highlight the importance of postnatal ontogeny (especially in late stages) for explaining facial differences between Neanderthals and present-day humans, as well as part of the gracilization process characteristic of present-day humans.

现代人类的中脸小而向后缩，而尼安德特人的中脸大而向前突出。为了了解这些特征形态背后的个体发生模式，我们比较了现代人类(智人；n = 128)，尼安德特人(Homo neanderthalensis；n = 13)，黑猩猩(Pan troglodytes verus；N = 33)，采用宏观（即几何形态计量学）和微观（即表面组织学）方法。使用几何形态计量学来量化生长和发育的宏观模式，我们发现现代人的中脸在出生时平均已经比尼安德特人小，出生后增长更慢。特别是，我们发现青春期前后生长会提前停止，这是人类独有的。显微镜下，这反映在骨吸收量减少，表明与骨发育有关的细胞活动减少。在眶下和鼻区有大量的骨骼形成，生长速度更快，这是尼安德特人中脸较大的原因。这些结果强调了出生后个体发育（特别是在后期）对于解释尼安德特人和现代人之间面部差异的重要性，以及现代人特征的部分纤体化过程。

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引用次数: 0

The Marine Isotope Stage 5 (∼105 ka) lithic assemblage from Ga-Mohana Hill North Rockshelter and insights into social transmission across the Kalahari Basin and its environs 来自Ga-Mohana Hill North Rockshelter的海洋同位素第5阶段（~ 105 ka）岩石组合以及对喀拉哈里盆地及其周边地区社会传播的见解

IF 3.1 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Human Evolution

Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2025.103654

Precious Chiwara-Maenzanise , Benjamin J. Schoville , Yonatan Sahle , Jayne Wilkins

The social transmission of cultural information is widely acknowledged as a key factor in the survival of our species. This paper explores lithic technological systems to assess the presence and extent of cultural information transmission between early human groups in the Kalahari Basin and its environs during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5 (∼130–74 ka). This period is crucial for understanding the development and expansion of complex behaviors in Africa. Dated to ∼105 ka, the dark brown silt and roofspall lithic assemblage at Ga-Mohana Hill North Rockshelter in the southern Kalahari provides evidence of early human behavior from South Africa's interior. Technological analyses reveal that lithic reduction at Ga-Mohana Hill North Rockshelter focused on producing flakes, convergent pieces, and blades, primarily using the recurrent Levallois method. Comparisons with contemporaneous MIS 5 assemblages in the Kalahari and surrounding regions, such as Erfkroon, Florisbad, and White Paintings Rockshelter, reveal significant technological similarities. These include the use of local raw materials, recurrent Levallois methods, hard hammer percussion technique, core maintenance through débordants, manufacturing of blanks with comparable shapes and sizes, mostly with faceted platforms, and a low frequency of formal tools. These similarities suggest a shared technological tradition and potential cultural exchange among the groups at these sites. This connectivity may reflect their shared adaptation to the predominantly arid and semi-arid conditions of the Kalahari Basin and its environs, which may have necessitated the formation of social ties to access scarce and potentially unpredictable resources, in contrast to the fragmentation observed in some other regions during interglacial periods.

文化信息的社会传播被广泛认为是人类生存的关键因素。本文探讨了岩石技术系统，以评估喀拉哈里盆地及其周边地区在海洋同位素阶段（MIS） 5 （~ 130-74 ka）早期人类群体之间文化信息传播的存在和程度。这一时期对于理解非洲复杂行为的发展和扩展至关重要。喀拉哈里南部Ga-Mohana Hill North Rockshelter的深棕色淤泥和屋顶碎块岩石组合可追溯到~ 105 ka，为南非内陆的早期人类行为提供了证据。技术分析表明，Ga-Mohana Hill North Rockshelter的岩屑减少主要集中在薄片、会聚块和叶片上，主要使用循环的Levallois方法。与Kalahari和周边地区（如Erfkroon、Florisbad和White Paintings Rockshelter）的同期MIS 5组合进行比较，揭示了显著的技术相似性。这些措施包括使用当地原材料、重复使用勒瓦卢瓦方法、硬锤敲击技术、通过danalys进行芯部维护、制造具有类似形状和尺寸的毛坯（主要是多面平台），以及使用正规工具的频率较低。这些相似之处表明，在这些遗址的群体之间存在着共同的技术传统和潜在的文化交流。这种连通性可能反映了他们对喀拉哈里盆地及其周边地区主要干旱和半干旱条件的共同适应，这可能需要形成社会联系以获取稀缺和潜在不可预测的资源，这与间冰期在其他一些地区观察到的碎片化形成鲜明对比。

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引用次数: 0

Ulnar morphology of Pliobates cataloniae (Pliopithecoidea: Crouzeliidae): Insights into catarrhine locomotor diversity and forelimb evolution cataloniates （Pliobates）尺骨形态（Pliobates coidea: crouzelidae）： carrine运动多样性和前肢进化的见解

IF 3.1 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Human Evolution

Pub Date : 2025-03-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2025.103663

Georgina Raventós-Izard , Oriol Monclús-Gonzalo , Salvador Moyà-Solà , David M. Alba , Julia Arias-Martorell

Pliobates cataloniae is a small-bodied crouzeliid pliopithecoid from the Miocene (∼11.6 Ma) of Abocador de Can Mata (ACM; Vallès-Penedès Basin, NE Iberian Peninsula). It exhibits a mosaic of primitive (stem catarrhine) and derived (modern hominoid-like) postcranial features. The holotype partial skeleton, from locality ACM/C8-A4, includes an almost complete ulna—a bone that plays a critical role in forearm flexion-extension and pronation-supination. Here, we use landmark-based three-dimensional geometric morphometrics to evaluate the closest morphometric affinities of the Pliobates ulna and explore its implications for the locomotor repertoire of this taxon. The comparative sample includes 156 specimens corresponding to 35 species from 20 anthropoid genera, three lorisid genera, and 10 fossil catarrhines. Our results indicate that the trochlear notch morphology of Pliobates resembles that of stem catarrhines and other nonhominoid primates. However, Pliobates differs from cercopithecoids (especially terrestrial taxa) in radial notch features related to enhanced pronation-supination capabilities, closely resembling the condition displayed by crown hominoids, Ateles, and Loris. In turn, the distal ulna of Pliobates does not overlap with any extant group and differs from the other fossils analyzed, most closely resembling that of hylobatids and lorisids. Pliobates probably had an extensive range of movement in the distal forearm, as indicated by the incipiently expanded semilunar ulnar head, the relatively short styloid process, the deep fovea, and the hooklike styloid process. This suggests that Pliobates would have frequently displayed nonstereotypical limb postures and slow locomotor behaviors. Overall, the ulnar morphology of Pliobates suggests that its locomotor repertoire may have combined cautious above-branch quadrupedalism and eclectic climbing with nonagile suspensory behaviors resembling those of Ateles.

cataloniae Pliobates是一种小体crouzeliid pliopithecoid，来自Abocador de Can Mata （ACM）中新世（~ 11.6 Ma）；伊比利亚半岛东北部的vall - pened盆地)。它展示了原始（干卡塔林）和衍生（现代类人猿）后颅特征的马赛克。完整型部分骨骼，来自部位ACM/C8-A4，包括一个几乎完整的尺骨，在前臂屈伸和旋前中起关键作用。在这里，我们使用基于地标的三维几何形态计量学来评估尺骨唇形类最接近的形态相似性，并探讨其对该分类单元运动能力的影响。比较样本包括20个类人猿属、3个猴目属、10个卡鼻目化石的35种156个标本。我们的研究结果表明，上颚类动物的滑车切迹形态与干鼻虫和其他非人猿灵长类动物相似。然而，Pliobates与cercopithecoids（尤其是陆生类群）的不同之处在于，其径向缺口特征与增强的旋前-旋后能力有关，与冠类人猿、Ateles和Loris的情况非常相似。反过来，Pliobates的远端尺骨与任何现存的类群都没有重叠，并且与其他被分析的化石不同，最接近于hylobatids和lorisids。从早期扩张的半月尺骨头、相对较短的茎突、较深的中央窝和钩状茎突可以看出，凸突骨在前臂远端可能具有广泛的活动范围。这表明棱叶虫可能经常表现出非典型的肢体姿势和缓慢的运动行为。总的来说，唇形纲的尺骨形态表明，它的运动方式可能结合了谨慎的枝上四足行走和折衷的攀爬，以及类似于掌形纲的非敏捷悬吊行为。

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引用次数: 0

A fresh look at an iconic human fossil: Virtual reconstruction of the KNM-WT 15000 cranium 对标志性人类化石的全新看法：KNM-WT 15000颅骨的虚拟重建

IF 3.1 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Human Evolution

Pub Date : 2025-03-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2025.103664

Karen L. Baab

引用次数: 0

Micro-computed tomography unveils anatomy of the oldest known plesiadapiform cranium 微型计算机断层扫描揭示了已知最古老的蛇颈状头盖骨的解剖结构

IF 3.1 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Human Evolution

Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2025.103655

Jordan W. Crowell , K. Christopher Beard , Stephen G.B. Chester

Palaechthonids are a likely paraphyletic or polyphyletic assemblage of dentally plesiomorphic plesiadapiforms known from the Paleocene of North America. This family is known primarily from isolated dental fossils, but one partial cranium of the palaechthonid Plesiolestes nacimienti (Division of Vertebrate Paleontology, Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas [KUVP] 9557) exists and was studied a half-century ago to infer aspects of the paleobiology of basal or stem primates. Since then, additional plesiadapiform crania representing several families have been described, but KUVP 9557 remains the best preserved for a palaechthonid and is the geologically oldest known cranial fossil of any plesiadapiform or euarchontan mammal (primates + colugos + treeshrews). Here, for the first time, we scanned the partial cranium of P. nacimienti using micro-computed tomography (μCT) to assess previously described morphology, document novel morphology, and make comparisons with crania of other plesiadapiforms and euarchontans. While several previous cranial descriptions are reaffirmed here (e.g., caudal expansion of the nasals, an intraorbital lacrimal foramen), μCT scan data have clarified that certain previously identified structures (e.g., postorbital process) are not present and have unveiled previously unknown structures (e.g., foramen ovale, optic foramen). Comparisons indicate that the cranial anatomy of P. nacimienti is most like that of non-microsyopid plesiadapiforms and that unambiguous synapomorphies with an extant euarchontan clade are absent. Paleobiological inferences presented here suggest that P. nacimienti was broadly similar to the extant treeshrew Ptilocercus, albeit less insectivorous, which is in line with evolutionary scenarios proposed for the ancestral primatomorphan or the ancestral primate (sensu lato) that emphasize the importance of arboreality and angiosperm products.

古棘齿目动物是一种可能由牙齿似形蛇形适应动物组成的泛系或多系组合，已知于北美古新世。这个科主要是从孤立的牙齿化石中得知的，但古棘目Plesiolestes nacimienti（堪萨斯大学生物多样性研究所脊椎动物古生物学部[KUVP] 9557]）的一个部分颅骨存在，并在半个世纪前进行了研究，以推断基础或主干灵长类动物的古生物学方面。从那时起，代表几个科的其他蛇颈类颅骨被描述，但KUVP 9557仍然是保存最完好的古蛇颈类，是地质上已知最古老的蛇颈类或原始哺乳动物（灵长类动物+鼯猴+树鼩）的颅骨化石。在这里，我们首次使用微计算机断层扫描（μCT）对P. nacimienti的部分颅骨进行了扫描，以评估先前描述的形态学，记录新的形态学，并与其他plesiadapiforms和euarchontans的颅骨进行了比较。虽然这里重申了先前的一些颅部描述（例如，鼻尾部扩张，眶内泪孔），但μCT扫描数据澄清了某些先前确定的结构（例如，眶后突）不存在，并且揭示了以前未知的结构（例如，卵圆孔，视神经孔）。比较表明，P. nacimienti的颅骨解剖结构最像非微颌类蛇的适应性，与现存的等颌类进化枝没有明确的突触形态。本文提出的古生物学推断表明，P. nacimienti与现存的树鼩Ptilocercus大致相似，尽管较少食虫，这与强调树栖和被子植物产物重要性的灵长类祖先或灵长类祖先（sensu lato）的进化情景一致。

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引用次数: 0

Morphological variation of the Australopithecus afarensis maxilla 南猿上颌骨的形态变异

IF 3.1 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Human Evolution

Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2025.103651

Hester Hanegraef , Fred Spoor

Central to discussions about hominin diversity in the mid-Pliocene of eastern Africa is whether or not certain fossils should be attributed to Australopithecus afarensis, instead of representing separate species. Key to answering this question is a good understanding of the magnitude and pattern of intraspecific variation shown by A. afarensis. Given the importance of maxillary characteristics in species diagnoses of early hominins, we explored morphological variation among all nine sufficiently preserved A. afarensis maxillae from Hadar. After CT-based virtual reconstruction, these were analyzed in the comparative context of 448 extant hominine (modern human and African ape) maxillae, representing all currently recognized subspecies, large geographic areas, and both sexes. Maxillary morphology was captured by three-dimensional landmarks, and size and shape were examined using geometric morphometric methods. The main findings are that 1) A. afarensis has high degrees of size and shape variation compared with extant hominines, potentially linked with sexual dimorphism, 2) no allometry was found, despite the large size variation, 3) a temporal trend in maxillary size is suggested but not in shape, and 4) the inferred patterns of sexual dimorphism in form and shape are different from those observed in Homo sapiens, Pan, and Gorilla. These results provide a greater understanding of A. afarensis, enable quantitative comparisons with contemporary maxillae attributed to Kenyanthropus platyops, Australopithecus deyiremeda, and Australopithecus bahrelghazali, and can help evaluate variation in other Plio-Pleistocene hominins, such as those assigned to species of early Homo.

关于东非上新世中期人类多样性的讨论的核心是，某些化石是否应该归于南方古猿阿法种，而不是代表单独的物种。回答这个问题的关键是对南方南方古猿种内变异的大小和模式有一个很好的理解。考虑到上颌特征在早期古人类物种诊断中的重要性，我们对哈达尔所有保存完好的9种阿法南方古猿上颌进行了形态学变异研究。在基于ct的虚拟重建之后，这些数据在448个现存的人类（现代人类和非洲猿）上颌骨的比较背景下进行了分析，这些上颌骨代表了所有目前公认的亚种，大地理区域和两性。采用三维地标法捕获上颌形态，并用几何形态计量学方法检测大小和形状。主要发现有：(1)阿法古猿与现存人科动物相比，其大小和形状有较大差异，可能与性别二态性有关；(2)未发现异速生长，但尺寸差异较大；(3)上颌大小有时间变化趋势，但形状没有变化趋势；(4)推测的形状和形状的性别二态性模式与智人、潘人和大猩猩不同。这些结果提供了对南方古猿阿法种更深入的了解，可以与肯尼亚猿人（Kenyanthropus platyops）、deyiremeda南方古猿（Australopithecus deyiremeda）和bahrelghazali南方古猿（Australopithecus bahrelghazali）的当代上颌进行定量比较，并可以帮助评估其他上新世-更新世人科动物的变异，例如那些属于早期人属的物种。

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引用次数: 0

First articulating os coxae, femur, and tibia of a small adult Paranthropus robustus from Member 1 (Hanging Remnant) of the Swartkrans Formation, South Africa 南非Swartkrans组第1成员（悬挂残余物）中一个小型成年副粗壮人的髋部、股骨和胫骨

IF 3.1 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Human Evolution

Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103647

Travis Rayne Pickering , Marine Cazenave , R.J. Clarke , A.J. Heile , Matthew V. Caruana , Kathleen Kuman , Dominic Stratford , C.K. Brain , Jason L. Heaton

Since paleontological work began there in 1948, Swartkrans (South Africa) has yielded hundreds of Early Pleistocene hominin fossils, currently attributed to (in ascending order of quantity) cf. Australopithecus africanus, Homo spp., and Paranthropus robustus. The bulk of that large sample comprises craniodental remains, with (mostly fragmentary) postcranial materials being much less abundant at the site. In that context, our announcement here of the first articulating partial os coxae, nearly complete femur, and complete tibia of a young adult hominin (SWT1/HR-2), excavated from the <2.3 to >1.7-million-year-old Hanging Remnant (Member 1) of the Swartkrans Formation, represents an important addition to the understanding of hominin postural and locomotor behavior in Early Pleistocene South Africa. We provide qualitative and quantitative descriptions and initial functional morphological interpretations of the fossils, based mostly on external bone morphology. Epiphyseal fusion data, element dimensions, the crural index, and live body stature and mass estimates that we provide all indicate that SWT1/HR-2 is one of the smallest known adult hominins in the fossil record. We discuss the paleobiological implications of these findings in relation to our taxonomic diagnosis of SWT1/HR-2 as representing P. robustus.

自从1948年在那里开始古生物学工作以来，斯瓦特克朗斯（南非）已经发现了数百块早更新世的古人类化石，这些化石目前被归类为（按数量由高到低）非洲南方古猿、智人和傍人粗壮人。这个大样本的大部分是颅齿残骸，（大部分是碎片）颅后材料在现场的数量要少得多。在此背景下，我们在此宣布，从距今230万至170万年前的Swartkrans组悬挂遗迹（成员1）中出土的一个年轻成年人族（SWT1/HR-2）的第一个可连接的部分股骨、几乎完整的股骨和完整的胫骨，为了解早更新世南非人族的姿势和运动行为提供了重要的补充。我们提供化石的定性和定量描述和初步功能形态学解释，主要基于外部骨骼形态学。我们提供的骨骺融合数据、元素尺寸、脚指数、活体身高和质量估计都表明，SWT1/HR-2是化石记录中已知最小的成年人族之一。我们讨论了这些发现的古生物意义与我们的分类诊断SWT1/HR-2代表壮种。

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引用次数: 0