Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.1080/14620316.2015.11513157
M. Wael, M. Mostafa, A. A. E. Taia, M. Saad, T. A. Magdi
Summary A two-season pot experiment was conducted on Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants to evaluate their response to 1.0 mM salicylic acid (SA) in a growing medium contaminated with 0.25 or 0.50 mM Cd2+ ions. Plants were sampled for growth measurements and chemical analyses 45 d after sowing, and to measure the yield of beans at the end of each experiment. Exposing plants to either concentration of Cd2+ ions resulted in significant declines in growth, pigment concentrations, relative water content, and nutrient concentrations, and in chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and the performance index (PI) of photosynthesis. However, 1.0 mM SA mitigated Cd2+ ion stress and significantly improved each of these parameters. Both Cd2+ ion treatments increased proline and Cd2+ ion concentrations, electrolyte leakage, and lipid peroxidation (measured as malondialdehyde concentration). However, 1.0 mM SA attenuated the adverse effects of Cd2+ ions on these characteristics. Cd2+-induced increases in the activities of several key anti-oxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase were reduced following the exogenous application of 1.0 mM SA.These results confirm that the application of 1.0 mM SA could be used to reduce the adverse effects of Cd2+ ion toxicity in bean plants.
通过盆栽试验，研究了菜豆(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)在0.25和0.50 mM Cd2+污染培养基中对1.0 mM水杨酸(SA)的响应。播种后45 d取样植株进行生长测量和化学分析，并在每次试验结束时测量豆类产量。两种浓度的Cd2+均导致植物生长、色素浓度、相对含水量和营养物质浓度、叶绿素荧光(Fv/Fm)和光合作用性能指数(PI)显著下降。然而，1.0 mM SA减轻了Cd2+离子胁迫，并显著改善了这些参数。Cd2+离子处理均增加脯氨酸和Cd2+离子浓度、电解质泄漏和脂质过氧化(以丙二醛浓度测量)。然而，1.0 mM SA减弱了Cd2+离子对这些特性的不利影响。外源施用1.0 mM SA后，Cd2+诱导的几种关键抗氧化酶(如超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶和谷胱甘肽还原酶)活性的增加减少。结果表明，施用1.0 mM SA可降低Cd2+对大豆植株的毒性。
{"title":"Alleviation of cadmium toxicity in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants by the exogenous application of salicylic acid","authors":"M. Wael, M. Mostafa, A. A. E. Taia, M. Saad, T. A. Magdi","doi":"10.1080/14620316.2015.11513157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2015.11513157","url":null,"abstract":"Summary A two-season pot experiment was conducted on Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants to evaluate their response to 1.0 mM salicylic acid (SA) in a growing medium contaminated with 0.25 or 0.50 mM Cd2+ ions. Plants were sampled for growth measurements and chemical analyses 45 d after sowing, and to measure the yield of beans at the end of each experiment. Exposing plants to either concentration of Cd2+ ions resulted in significant declines in growth, pigment concentrations, relative water content, and nutrient concentrations, and in chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and the performance index (PI) of photosynthesis. However, 1.0 mM SA mitigated Cd2+ ion stress and significantly improved each of these parameters. Both Cd2+ ion treatments increased proline and Cd2+ ion concentrations, electrolyte leakage, and lipid peroxidation (measured as malondialdehyde concentration). However, 1.0 mM SA attenuated the adverse effects of Cd2+ ions on these characteristics. Cd2+-induced increases in the activities of several key anti-oxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase were reduced following the exogenous application of 1.0 mM SA.These results confirm that the application of 1.0 mM SA could be used to reduce the adverse effects of Cd2+ ion toxicity in bean plants.","PeriodicalId":54808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology","volume":"90 1","pages":"83 - 91"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14620316.2015.11513157","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60229246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.1080/14620316.2014.11513055
Ram Sharma, S. Reddy, Md. Jameel Jhalegar
Summary Several good agricultural practices (GAP) are becoming popular throughout the World for the production of high quality fruit with less dependence on man-made chemicals. Among such practices, pre-harvest fruit bagging has emerged as an effective method. Bagging is a physical protection method which not only improves the visual quality of fruit by promoting skin colouration and reducing blemishes, but can also change the micro-environment for fruit development, which can have several beneficial effects on internal fruit quality. Pre-harvest bagging of fruit can also reduce the incidence of disease, insect pest and/or mechanical damage, sunburn of the skin, fruit cracking, agrochemical residues on the fruit, and bird damage. Due to its many beneficial effects, fruit bagging has become an integral part of peach, apple, pear, grape, and loquat cultivation in Japan, Australia, China and the USA. Moreover, countries such as Mexico, Chile, and Argentina do not import apples unless they are bagged. Several studies have been conducted to identify the desirable effects of pre-harvest fruit bagging on skin colour development and quality, but contradictory results have been reported. These may be due to differences in the type of bag used, the stage of fruit development when bagged, the duration of fruit exposure to natural light following bag removal, and/or fruit- and cultivar-specific responses. Bagging is laborious and its cost:benefit ratio must be investigated in order to promote adoption of the method in much of the World. The aim of this review is to improve our understanding of the beneficial effects of bagging in different fruit by collecting otherwise scattered information so that more growers could consider using this method on a commercial scale.
{"title":"Pre-harvest fruit bagging: a useful approach for plant protection and improved post-harvest fruit quality – a review","authors":"Ram Sharma, S. Reddy, Md. Jameel Jhalegar","doi":"10.1080/14620316.2014.11513055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2014.11513055","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Several good agricultural practices (GAP) are becoming popular throughout the World for the production of high quality fruit with less dependence on man-made chemicals. Among such practices, pre-harvest fruit bagging has emerged as an effective method. Bagging is a physical protection method which not only improves the visual quality of fruit by promoting skin colouration and reducing blemishes, but can also change the micro-environment for fruit development, which can have several beneficial effects on internal fruit quality. Pre-harvest bagging of fruit can also reduce the incidence of disease, insect pest and/or mechanical damage, sunburn of the skin, fruit cracking, agrochemical residues on the fruit, and bird damage. Due to its many beneficial effects, fruit bagging has become an integral part of peach, apple, pear, grape, and loquat cultivation in Japan, Australia, China and the USA. Moreover, countries such as Mexico, Chile, and Argentina do not import apples unless they are bagged. Several studies have been conducted to identify the desirable effects of pre-harvest fruit bagging on skin colour development and quality, but contradictory results have been reported. These may be due to differences in the type of bag used, the stage of fruit development when bagged, the duration of fruit exposure to natural light following bag removal, and/or fruit- and cultivar-specific responses. Bagging is laborious and its cost:benefit ratio must be investigated in order to promote adoption of the method in much of the World. The aim of this review is to improve our understanding of the beneficial effects of bagging in different fruit by collecting otherwise scattered information so that more growers could consider using this method on a commercial scale.","PeriodicalId":54808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology","volume":"89 1","pages":"101 - 113"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14620316.2014.11513055","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60229199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.1080/14620316.2014.11513059
J. De Lojo, A. Di Benedetto
Summary The productivity of ornamental foliage plants is related to their capacity to increase their leaf number and leaf size. In Monstera deliciosa, a change in leaf shape is also a pre-requisite for successful marketing. The aim of this work was to describe the effects of different concentrations of exogenous 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP; 5, 50, 100, or 200 mg l–1) on the control of both leaf size and leaf shape in M. deliciosa, and the impact of these changes on commercial plant productivity. We found an increase of between 15.4 – 23.1% in the rate of leaf appearance (RLA), which reflected a shortening of the phyllochron, and an increase of between 17.5 – 34.9% in the relative rate of leaf area expansion (RLAE) at most of the BAP concentrations tested. This resulted in higher biomass accumulation in both roots and shoots through an increase of between 5.4 – 7.9% in the relative growth rate (RGR), mainly associated with higher net assimilation rates (NAR; increases from 9.0-fold to 11.0-fold) and increased photoassimilate partitioning to the shoots. The most important result of this work was the early appearance of perforated leaf laminae in M. deliciosa plants sprayed with 50 – 200 mg l–1 BAP, which made them ready for sale.
{"title":"Biomass accumulation and leaf shape can be modulated by an exogenous spray of 6-benzylaminopurine in the ornamental foliage plant, Monstera deliciosa (Liebm.)","authors":"J. De Lojo, A. Di Benedetto","doi":"10.1080/14620316.2014.11513059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2014.11513059","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The productivity of ornamental foliage plants is related to their capacity to increase their leaf number and leaf size. In Monstera deliciosa, a change in leaf shape is also a pre-requisite for successful marketing. The aim of this work was to describe the effects of different concentrations of exogenous 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP; 5, 50, 100, or 200 mg l–1) on the control of both leaf size and leaf shape in M. deliciosa, and the impact of these changes on commercial plant productivity. We found an increase of between 15.4 – 23.1% in the rate of leaf appearance (RLA), which reflected a shortening of the phyllochron, and an increase of between 17.5 – 34.9% in the relative rate of leaf area expansion (RLAE) at most of the BAP concentrations tested. This resulted in higher biomass accumulation in both roots and shoots through an increase of between 5.4 – 7.9% in the relative growth rate (RGR), mainly associated with higher net assimilation rates (NAR; increases from 9.0-fold to 11.0-fold) and increased photoassimilate partitioning to the shoots. The most important result of this work was the early appearance of perforated leaf laminae in M. deliciosa plants sprayed with 50 – 200 mg l–1 BAP, which made them ready for sale.","PeriodicalId":54808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology","volume":"40 1","pages":"136 - 140"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14620316.2014.11513059","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60229233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.1080/14620316.2010.11512699
Slatnar Ana, M. Maja, Halbwirth Haidrun, Štampar Franci, Stich Karl, Veberic Robert
Summary This study investigated the activities of key enzymes in the phenylpropanoid pathway and the accumulation of phenolic products in apple peel in response to infection with Venturia inaequalis [(Cooke) G. Wint.]. We compared healthy apple peel with apple peel showing symptomatic scab lesions, and with peel tissue from 1 – 2 mm around the scab lesions in fruit 1 month before maturity [140 d after full bloom (DAFB)] and at physiological maturity (175 DAFB). Infection with V. inaequalis enhanced the synthesis of some phenolic compounds. Compared to healthy peel, scab lesion tissue had ≤ 3.1-times higher hydroxycinnamic acid content, ≤ 1.3-times higher dihydrochalcone content, and ≤ 3.9-times higher flavan-3-ol content. Scab lesions showed slightly higher phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, chalcone synthase, chalcone isomerase, flavonol synthase, and dihydroflavonol 4-reductase activities. The total amount of phenolics remained relatively stable between the two sampling dates, except for epicatechin and caffeic acid which decreased in amount toward fruit maturity, and levels of catechin which increased in more mature fruit. During fruit maturation, only chalcone synthase and chalcone isomerase activities decreased in all tissues examined. This study showed that the phenylpropanoid pathway in apple fruit peel changed significantly following infection with the apple scab pathogen.
本研究研究了苹果皮中苯丙素途径关键酶的活性和酚类产物的积累对inaequalis Venturia侵染的响应[(Cooke) G. Wint.]。我们比较了成熟前1个月(开花后140天)和生理成熟(175天)的健康苹果皮与出现症状性结痂的苹果皮，以及结痂周围1 - 2mm的果皮组织。侵染不均等弧菌可促进部分酚类化合物的合成。与健康果皮相比，痂皮病变组织羟基肉桂酸含量高≤3.1倍，二氢查尔酮含量高≤1.3倍，黄烷-3-醇含量高≤3.9倍。结痂处苯丙氨酸解氨酶、查尔酮合成酶、查尔酮异构酶、黄酮醇合成酶和二氢黄酮醇4还原酶活性稍高。在两个采样日期之间，酚类物质的总量保持相对稳定，除了表儿茶素和咖啡酸的数量随着果实成熟而减少，儿茶素的水平随着果实成熟而增加。果实成熟过程中，各组织中只有查尔酮合成酶和查尔酮异构酶活性下降。本研究表明，苹果痂病菌侵染后，苹果果皮中苯丙素途径发生了显著变化。
{"title":"Response of the phenylpropanoid pathway to Venturia inaequalis infection in maturing fruit of ‘Braeburn’ apple","authors":"Slatnar Ana, M. Maja, Halbwirth Haidrun, Štampar Franci, Stich Karl, Veberic Robert","doi":"10.1080/14620316.2010.11512699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2010.11512699","url":null,"abstract":"Summary This study investigated the activities of key enzymes in the phenylpropanoid pathway and the accumulation of phenolic products in apple peel in response to infection with Venturia inaequalis [(Cooke) G. Wint.]. We compared healthy apple peel with apple peel showing symptomatic scab lesions, and with peel tissue from 1 – 2 mm around the scab lesions in fruit 1 month before maturity [140 d after full bloom (DAFB)] and at physiological maturity (175 DAFB). Infection with V. inaequalis enhanced the synthesis of some phenolic compounds. Compared to healthy peel, scab lesion tissue had ≤ 3.1-times higher hydroxycinnamic acid content, ≤ 1.3-times higher dihydrochalcone content, and ≤ 3.9-times higher flavan-3-ol content. Scab lesions showed slightly higher phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, chalcone synthase, chalcone isomerase, flavonol synthase, and dihydroflavonol 4-reductase activities. The total amount of phenolics remained relatively stable between the two sampling dates, except for epicatechin and caffeic acid which decreased in amount toward fruit maturity, and levels of catechin which increased in more mature fruit. During fruit maturation, only chalcone synthase and chalcone isomerase activities decreased in all tissues examined. This study showed that the phenylpropanoid pathway in apple fruit peel changed significantly following infection with the apple scab pathogen.","PeriodicalId":54808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology","volume":"85 1","pages":"465 - 472"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14620316.2010.11512699","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60229193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-01-01DOI: 10.1080/14620316.2008.11512391
D. S. Sudhakar Rao, K. P. Gopalakrishna Rao
Summary An investigation was carried out on two commercial mango cultivars in India, ‘Alphonso’ and ‘Banganapalli’, to determine the optimum controlled atmosphere (CA) composition and to investigate the effect of pre-storage hot water (HW) treatment on the quality of fruit stored under the optimum CA. In the first experiment, mature green fruit of ‘Alphonso’ and ‘Banganapalli’ were stored at 13°C in CAs containing 5% O2 + 5% CO2; 3% O2 + 5% CO2; 5% O2 + 3% CO2; or 3% O2 + 3% CO2. CA storage in 5% O2 significantly reduced the respiratory and ethylene peaks during ripening in both cultivars; but CAs containing 3% O2 + 5 CO2 in ‘Alphonso’, and 3% O2 + 3% CO2 in ‘Banganapalli’, resulted in abnormal respiration and ethylene production behaviour. CA storage at 13°C in 5% O2 + 5% CO2 for ‘Alphonso’, and in 5% O2 + 3% CO2 for ‘Banganapalli’, extended their storage-life by 4 and by 5 weeks, respectively; followed by an additional week to become fully ripe under ambient conditions (25° – 32°C). After removal from CA, fruit stored under optimum CA conditions ripened normally to a bright-yellow skin colour, with higher fruit firmness, total soluble solids, total carotenoid and sugar contents, and an acceptable organoleptic quality. HW treatment prior to CA storage at 13°C was found to affect quality attributes such as ascorbic acid, total carotenoids and sugar contents in both cultivars. ‘Alphonso’ mangoes stored for > 4 weeks under CA at 13°C tended to ripen to an inferior quality, with lower firmness, carotenoid, ascorbic acid and sugar contents, irrespective of their pre-CA storage treatment. In contrast, fruit of ‘Banganapalli’ ripened normally and to a good quality, even after 5 weeks in CA storage.
{"title":"Controlled atmosphere storage of mango cultivars ‘Alphonso’ and ‘Banganapalli’ to extend storage-life and maintain quality","authors":"D. S. Sudhakar Rao, K. P. Gopalakrishna Rao","doi":"10.1080/14620316.2008.11512391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2008.11512391","url":null,"abstract":"Summary An investigation was carried out on two commercial mango cultivars in India, ‘Alphonso’ and ‘Banganapalli’, to determine the optimum controlled atmosphere (CA) composition and to investigate the effect of pre-storage hot water (HW) treatment on the quality of fruit stored under the optimum CA. In the first experiment, mature green fruit of ‘Alphonso’ and ‘Banganapalli’ were stored at 13°C in CAs containing 5% O2 + 5% CO2; 3% O2 + 5% CO2; 5% O2 + 3% CO2; or 3% O2 + 3% CO2. CA storage in 5% O2 significantly reduced the respiratory and ethylene peaks during ripening in both cultivars; but CAs containing 3% O2 + 5 CO2 in ‘Alphonso’, and 3% O2 + 3% CO2 in ‘Banganapalli’, resulted in abnormal respiration and ethylene production behaviour. CA storage at 13°C in 5% O2 + 5% CO2 for ‘Alphonso’, and in 5% O2 + 3% CO2 for ‘Banganapalli’, extended their storage-life by 4 and by 5 weeks, respectively; followed by an additional week to become fully ripe under ambient conditions (25° – 32°C). After removal from CA, fruit stored under optimum CA conditions ripened normally to a bright-yellow skin colour, with higher fruit firmness, total soluble solids, total carotenoid and sugar contents, and an acceptable organoleptic quality. HW treatment prior to CA storage at 13°C was found to affect quality attributes such as ascorbic acid, total carotenoids and sugar contents in both cultivars. ‘Alphonso’ mangoes stored for > 4 weeks under CA at 13°C tended to ripen to an inferior quality, with lower firmness, carotenoid, ascorbic acid and sugar contents, irrespective of their pre-CA storage treatment. In contrast, fruit of ‘Banganapalli’ ripened normally and to a good quality, even after 5 weeks in CA storage.","PeriodicalId":54808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology","volume":"83 1","pages":"351 - 359"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14620316.2008.11512391","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60229118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a dynamic principal-agent analysis of incentive systems for Salmonella control. The European Union will require Salmonella testing from 2008. On the basis of the producer's performance history in controlling Salmonella, the incentive systems analysed determine quality premiums to the producer, testing frequencies for hogs delivered, as well as charges to the producer for testing and penalties. Using cost estimates and technical parameters, we evaluate two dynamic incentive systems. We also assess the impact of ownership structure on performance. The more efficient incentive system economises on testing costs by reducing the probability of testing in response to a favourable production history and is preferred under all ownership structures.
{"title":"Incentive systems for food quality control with repeated deliveries: Salmonella control in pork production","authors":"G. Backus, R. King","doi":"10.1093/ERAE/JBL030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ERAE/JBL030","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a dynamic principal-agent analysis of incentive systems for Salmonella control. The European Union will require Salmonella testing from 2008. On the basis of the producer's performance history in controlling Salmonella, the incentive systems analysed determine quality premiums to the producer, testing frequencies for hogs delivered, as well as charges to the producer for testing and penalties. Using cost estimates and technical parameters, we evaluate two dynamic incentive systems. We also assess the impact of ownership structure on performance. The more efficient incentive system economises on testing costs by reducing the probability of testing in response to a favourable production history and is preferred under all ownership structures.","PeriodicalId":54808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2007-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/ERAE/JBL030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60843196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-01-01DOI: 10.1080/14620316.2006.11512120
Mohammad Mahdi Jowkar
Summary Disruption of cut flower water relations due to the growth and proliferation of microorganisms in the vase solution is one of the most important factors causing reduced vase-life and deterioration in cut flowers. These experiments were conducted to study the effects of some biocides in controlling microbial proliferation in vase solutions and on water relations in cut Narcissus tazetta L. cv. ‘Shahla-e-Shiraz’, a native bulbous cut flower of Iran. The stems of ‘Shahla-e-Shiraz’ Narcissus cut flowers were exposed to 17 treatments: aluminium sulphate (at 100, 200 or 300 mg l–1), citric acid (at 150, 300 or 450 mg l–1), 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate (at 200, 300 or 400 mg l–1), sodium hypochlorite (at 400, 600 or 800 mg l–1), calcium hypochlorite (at 400, 600 or 800 mg l–1), sterilised distilled water, or tap water (control). Generally, the least effective compounds in controlling microbial proliferation were low concentrations of aluminium sulphate or citric acid. 8-Hydroxyquinoline citrate treatments were most effective, and the vase solution did not contain any microbes until day-6. Vase solution contaminants were yeasts, Bacillus ssp., Staphylococcus ssp., Actinomycetes and Aspergillus ssp. Yeasts and bacilli were the most common microorganisms. Severe symptoms of phytotoxicity such as bud abortion and yellowing in aluminium sulphate-treated flowers, stem proximal-end browning and shrinking in 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate-treated flowers, and bleaching of soaked parts in sodium hypochlorite treatments, were seen. Most solution was taken up in 150 mg l–1 citric acid, while the reduction in fresh weight was least in 200 mg l–1 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate. The correlation between microbial counts and growth rate with solution uptake was slightly negative, but their correlation with fresh weight loss was slightly positive.
{"title":"Water relations and microbial proliferation in vase solutions of Narcissus tazetta L. cv. ‘Shahla-e-Shiraz’ as affected by biocide compounds","authors":"Mohammad Mahdi Jowkar","doi":"10.1080/14620316.2006.11512120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2006.11512120","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Disruption of cut flower water relations due to the growth and proliferation of microorganisms in the vase solution is one of the most important factors causing reduced vase-life and deterioration in cut flowers. These experiments were conducted to study the effects of some biocides in controlling microbial proliferation in vase solutions and on water relations in cut Narcissus tazetta L. cv. ‘Shahla-e-Shiraz’, a native bulbous cut flower of Iran. The stems of ‘Shahla-e-Shiraz’ Narcissus cut flowers were exposed to 17 treatments: aluminium sulphate (at 100, 200 or 300 mg l–1), citric acid (at 150, 300 or 450 mg l–1), 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate (at 200, 300 or 400 mg l–1), sodium hypochlorite (at 400, 600 or 800 mg l–1), calcium hypochlorite (at 400, 600 or 800 mg l–1), sterilised distilled water, or tap water (control). Generally, the least effective compounds in controlling microbial proliferation were low concentrations of aluminium sulphate or citric acid. 8-Hydroxyquinoline citrate treatments were most effective, and the vase solution did not contain any microbes until day-6. Vase solution contaminants were yeasts, Bacillus ssp., Staphylococcus ssp., Actinomycetes and Aspergillus ssp. Yeasts and bacilli were the most common microorganisms. Severe symptoms of phytotoxicity such as bud abortion and yellowing in aluminium sulphate-treated flowers, stem proximal-end browning and shrinking in 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate-treated flowers, and bleaching of soaked parts in sodium hypochlorite treatments, were seen. Most solution was taken up in 150 mg l–1 citric acid, while the reduction in fresh weight was least in 200 mg l–1 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate. The correlation between microbial counts and growth rate with solution uptake was slightly negative, but their correlation with fresh weight loss was slightly positive.","PeriodicalId":54808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology","volume":"81 1","pages":"656 - 660"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14620316.2006.11512120","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60228326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-01-01DOI: 10.1080/14620316.2006.11512068
John R. Hillman Frse
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Pub Date : 2005-01-01DOI: 10.1080/14620316.2005.11511933
Kristiansen Kell, Bredmose Niels, Nielsen Bjarne
Summary The effects of propagation soil temperature and photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) concentration, and cutting position on root formation, axillary bud growth, and further growth were investigated in Schlumbergera ‘Russian Dancer’. Temperatures between 21.3ºC and 24.7ºC were optimal for root formation, whereas increasing temperature promoted axillary bud growth (onset of new phylloclade growth). At temperatures below 24.7ºC, root formation and axillary bud growth occurred more or less simultaneously, whereas at higher temperatures axillary bud growth occurred before roots were visible. Temperature also affected the number of phylloclades on the second and third levels of stem segments produced after propagation. On increasing PPFD from 46 to 72 µmol m–2 s–1 during propagation, time to axillary bud growth was reduced by 15%, and more phylloclades were produced at high PPFD combined with high temperature. Rooting ability and axillary bud growth were affected by cutting position on the stock plants, indicating the presence of topophysis in Schlumbergera. Time to visible roots and number of new phylloclades decreased basipetally with the original position of the cutting by approximately 25%, whereas time to axillary bud growth increased basipetally by 30%. Survival of cuttings receiving IBA at 10–5–10–3 M was superior. IBA at 10–3 M resulted in the shortest time to visible rooting. At increasing IBA concentration, time to axillary bud growth gradually increased and fewer phylloclades were produced. Concentrations of 10–2 and 10–1 M IBA had negative effects on all measured characters. The results are discussed in relation to possible roles of auxins and cytokinins.
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Pub Date : 2005-01-01DOI: 10.1080/14620316.2005.11511930
K. Ichimura, M. Kishimoto, R. Norikoshi, Y. Kawabata, K. Yamada
SummaryPost-harvest characteristics of Rosa hybrida L. cv. ‘Delilah’, a long-lived cultivar, were compared with those of cv. ‘Sonia’, a short-lived cultivar. The vase-life of ‘Delilah’ was 10.6 d whereas that of ‘Sonia’ was 5.6 d. Petals of ‘Sonia’ flowers kept in water did not reflect fully and showed blueing. However, treatment with sucrose plus 8-hydroxyquinoline sulphate (HQS) markedly promoted petal reflection and inhibited blueing. In contrast, ‘Delilah’ flowers kept in water reflected fully and did not show blueing. In both cultivars, hydraulic conductance of stem segments in the control treatment decreased rapidly after harvest. Treatment with HQS suppressed this decrease. Concentrations of glucose, fructose and sucrose in petals of ‘Delilah’ were much higher throughout the experimental period than those of ‘Sonia’. There was no difference between ‘Sonia’ and ‘Delilah’ in soluble carbohydrate concentrations in stems and leaves. Starch concentration in petals of ‘Sonia’ was higher than in ‘Delilah’...
蔷薇(Rosa hybrida L. cv.)采收后特征。以长寿品种黛丽拉(Delilah)为对照。“索尼娅”，短命栽培品种。“黛丽拉”的花瓶寿命为10.6天，而“索尼娅”的花瓶寿命为5.6天。“索尼娅”的花瓣放在水中不能完全反射，呈现蓝色。而蔗糖加8-羟基喹啉硫酸盐(HQS)处理能显著促进花瓣反射，抑制蓝化。相比之下，放在水中的“黛丽拉”花完全反射，没有出现蓝色。在两个品种中，控制处理的茎段水力导度在收获后迅速下降。HQS抑制了这种下降。在整个实验期间，“Delilah”花瓣中葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖的浓度比“Sonia”高得多。“索尼娅”和“黛丽拉”在茎和叶的可溶性碳水化合物浓度方面没有差异。“索尼娅”花瓣中的淀粉含量高于“黛丽拉”。
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