Pub Date : 2005-01-01DOI: 10.1080/14620316.2005.11511935
Jui-Pin Wang, K. Sheng
SummaryKnowledge of the firmness and sugar content of fruit flesh and intact fruit is required for grading and processing. Little detailed information is available on anisotropic differences in firmness and sugar content, and their relationship within fruit. The objectives of this study were to determine any spatial or orientational differences in firmness and/or sugar content in ‘Huanghua’ pear, and to analyse the relationship between firmness and sugar content. Significant differences in firmness and sugar content existed between unripe and ripe pears. Our analyses showed that firmness and sugar content did not differ significantly in the radial (longitudinal) axis, but along the stem-to-calyx (latitudinal) axis (i.e., the proximal to distal end of the fruit) there were significant differences between the two parameters. Firmness and sugar content were greatest in the top or proximal, stem-end of the fruit, and lowest in the distal or calyx end. Thus, it is necessary to consider axis orientation and spa...
{"title":"Variations in firmness and sugar content in 'Huanghua' pear (Pyrus pyrifolia 'Nakai')","authors":"Jui-Pin Wang, K. Sheng","doi":"10.1080/14620316.2005.11511935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2005.11511935","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryKnowledge of the firmness and sugar content of fruit flesh and intact fruit is required for grading and processing. Little detailed information is available on anisotropic differences in firmness and sugar content, and their relationship within fruit. The objectives of this study were to determine any spatial or orientational differences in firmness and/or sugar content in ‘Huanghua’ pear, and to analyse the relationship between firmness and sugar content. Significant differences in firmness and sugar content existed between unripe and ripe pears. Our analyses showed that firmness and sugar content did not differ significantly in the radial (longitudinal) axis, but along the stem-to-calyx (latitudinal) axis (i.e., the proximal to distal end of the fruit) there were significant differences between the two parameters. Firmness and sugar content were greatest in the top or proximal, stem-end of the fruit, and lowest in the distal or calyx end. Thus, it is necessary to consider axis orientation and spa...","PeriodicalId":54808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14620316.2005.11511935","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60228397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-01-01DOI: 10.1080/14620316.2005.11511936
S. Gu, R. Cochran, G. Du, A. Hakim, K. Fugelsang, J. Ledbetter, Chuck A. Ingles, P. Verdegaal
SummaryThe effects of training-pruning regimes on Eutypa dieback, vigour, yield and fruit composition were evaluated in ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ grapevines from 1991 to 2004 in Galt, California, USA. Mechanical pruning at bud swell, and minimal pruning (trimming only in Summer) gave the least dieback. In contrast, pruning of dormant vines trained on either a bilateral cordon or a Sylvoz system increased wounding and dieback. Hand pruning of head-trained vines gave fewer cuts and less dieback, compared with vines trained as bilateral cordons or Sylvoz. Dieback reduced the extension of fruiting arms on bilateral cordon- and Sylvoz-trained vines with dormant season pruning, whereas arms were healthy after mechanical and minimal pruning. Hand-pruned vines (bilateral cordon, Sylvoz or head) had greater pruning weights, fewer shoots and clusters, heavier clusters, and lower yields than vines pruned mechanically or minimally. Despite the presence of dieback, yields did not decline over 14 years (except for Sylvoz-tr...
{"title":"Effect of training-pruning regimes on Eutypa dieback and performance of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ grapevines","authors":"S. Gu, R. Cochran, G. Du, A. Hakim, K. Fugelsang, J. Ledbetter, Chuck A. Ingles, P. Verdegaal","doi":"10.1080/14620316.2005.11511936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2005.11511936","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryThe effects of training-pruning regimes on Eutypa dieback, vigour, yield and fruit composition were evaluated in ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ grapevines from 1991 to 2004 in Galt, California, USA. Mechanical pruning at bud swell, and minimal pruning (trimming only in Summer) gave the least dieback. In contrast, pruning of dormant vines trained on either a bilateral cordon or a Sylvoz system increased wounding and dieback. Hand pruning of head-trained vines gave fewer cuts and less dieback, compared with vines trained as bilateral cordons or Sylvoz. Dieback reduced the extension of fruiting arms on bilateral cordon- and Sylvoz-trained vines with dormant season pruning, whereas arms were healthy after mechanical and minimal pruning. Hand-pruned vines (bilateral cordon, Sylvoz or head) had greater pruning weights, fewer shoots and clusters, heavier clusters, and lower yields than vines pruned mechanically or minimally. Despite the presence of dieback, yields did not decline over 14 years (except for Sylvoz-tr...","PeriodicalId":54808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14620316.2005.11511936","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60228522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-01-01DOI: 10.1080/14620316.2003.11511663
Rujira Choehom, S. Ketsa, W. V. Doorn
Summary Major components of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) fruit quality include pericarp hardening, and shrinkage of both the stem and the sepals (calyx). At room temperature in South-East Asia (29–30°C) the fruit remains acceptable for about 6–8 d. To determine optimum storage temperature, fruit were stored at 38,68 and 12°C (88–90% r.h.). Unacceptable chilling injury symptoms were found within 5 d at 38 and 6°C. Symptoms were hardening of the pericarp, browning of the edible aril, and off-flavour. Early pericarp hardening was not correlated with increased lignin synthesis, but elevated lignin levels preceded hardening at later stages. Storage at 12°C produced acceptable levels of chilling symptoms, and therefore resulted in the longest storage life (20.d). Storage life at 12°C was limited by shriveling of the calyx and stem end. Calyces and stems were dipped in various concentrations of benzyladenine (BA), gibberellic acid (GA3) and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), either alone or combination, prior to storage at 12°C. BA delayed calyx and stem shriveling during storage, thereby allowing at least 25 d of storage. It is concluded that storage of mangosteen at 3 and 6°C induced unacceptable pericarp discoloration and pericarp hardening, whereas storage at 12°C did not. Dipping in BA can be used to extend the storage period at 12°C.
{"title":"Development of RAPD and SCAR markers linked to the Co gene conferring columnar growth habit in apple (Malus pumila Mill.)","authors":"Rujira Choehom, S. Ketsa, W. V. Doorn","doi":"10.1080/14620316.2003.11511663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2003.11511663","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Major components of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) fruit quality include pericarp hardening, and shrinkage of both the stem and the sepals (calyx). At room temperature in South-East Asia (29–30°C) the fruit remains acceptable for about 6–8 d. To determine optimum storage temperature, fruit were stored at 38,68 and 12°C (88–90% r.h.). Unacceptable chilling injury symptoms were found within 5 d at 38 and 6°C. Symptoms were hardening of the pericarp, browning of the edible aril, and off-flavour. Early pericarp hardening was not correlated with increased lignin synthesis, but elevated lignin levels preceded hardening at later stages. Storage at 12°C produced acceptable levels of chilling symptoms, and therefore resulted in the longest storage life (20.d). Storage life at 12°C was limited by shriveling of the calyx and stem end. Calyces and stems were dipped in various concentrations of benzyladenine (BA), gibberellic acid (GA3) and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), either alone or combination, prior to storage at 12°C. BA delayed calyx and stem shriveling during storage, thereby allowing at least 25 d of storage. It is concluded that storage of mangosteen at 3 and 6°C induced unacceptable pericarp discoloration and pericarp hardening, whereas storage at 12°C did not. Dipping in BA can be used to extend the storage period at 12°C.","PeriodicalId":54808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14620316.2003.11511663","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60228509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-01-01DOI: 10.1079/9780851996882.0181
C. LenterenvanJ., M. Tommasini
{"title":"Mass production, storage, shipment and release of natural enemies","authors":"C. LenterenvanJ., M. Tommasini","doi":"10.1079/9780851996882.0181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851996882.0181","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58627396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-01-01DOI: 10.1080/14620316.2003.11511641
R. Ramakrishnan Nair, S. Dutta Gupta
Summary A protocol was developed for induction, maturation and germination of somatic embryos from the tissues of germinating seeds of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.). Explants were cultured on growth regulator – free solid SH medium maintained in the dark. The first somatic embryos developing directly from the explant tissue were noticed after 60 d of culture. Somatic embryos originated from a ring-like tissue on the micropylar region of the seeds. Sucrose concentration of the medium was found to be crucial for the induction of somatic embryos, and 30 g l–1 was found to be the optimum. Maturation and germination of somatic embryos were achieved on the same medium. Suspension culture enhanced the process of maturation and germination. Regenerated plants were established in soil. Histology confirmed the ontogeny and each stage of development. Growth regulators were found to inhibit the induction of somatic embryogenesis. Cytological analysis of the regenerated plants revealed the normal chromosome number of 2n=52.
{"title":"Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in black pepper (Piper nigrum L.): I. Direct somatic embryogenesis from tissues of germinating seeds and ontogeny of somatic embryos","authors":"R. Ramakrishnan Nair, S. Dutta Gupta","doi":"10.1080/14620316.2003.11511641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2003.11511641","url":null,"abstract":"Summary A protocol was developed for induction, maturation and germination of somatic embryos from the tissues of germinating seeds of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.). Explants were cultured on growth regulator – free solid SH medium maintained in the dark. The first somatic embryos developing directly from the explant tissue were noticed after 60 d of culture. Somatic embryos originated from a ring-like tissue on the micropylar region of the seeds. Sucrose concentration of the medium was found to be crucial for the induction of somatic embryos, and 30 g l–1 was found to be the optimum. Maturation and germination of somatic embryos were achieved on the same medium. Suspension culture enhanced the process of maturation and germination. Regenerated plants were established in soil. Histology confirmed the ontogeny and each stage of development. Growth regulators were found to inhibit the induction of somatic embryogenesis. Cytological analysis of the regenerated plants revealed the normal chromosome number of 2n=52.","PeriodicalId":54808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14620316.2003.11511641","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60228435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-01-01DOI: 10.1080/14620316.2002.11511550
Sanliang Gu, Pinhai Ding, Howard Susanne
Summary Primary bud cold hardiness in `Concord', `Norton', `Vignoles', and `St. Vincent' grapevines was studied at Southwest Missouri State University Research Campus in Mountain Grove, Missouri, USA. Canes from mature vines were exposed to 210, 25, 0, 10 or 20°C for 2, 4, 6 or 8.d in early December, late January, and early March during the 1998–99 winter season. Cold hardiness of primary buds was in¯uenced by temperature, exposure time, and dormant period. Temperatures of 10 or 20°C had similar deacclimating effects on primary bud cold hardiness of all cultivars during the entire winter. Cold hardiness of primary buds exposed to 0¼ was greater than that of buds exposed to 10 or 20°C only in early March for all cultivars and late January for `Concord'. Exposure to 0°C was as deacclimating as that to 10 or 20°C otherwise. Cold hardiness of primary buds becomes more sensitive to temperature as dormancy progresses. Longer exposure was advantageous for cold hardiness of primary buds only at 25 or 210°C. `Concord' and `Norton' were generally more sensitive to temperature than were `Vignoles' and `St. Vincent'. The greater cold hardiness of the tested non-vinifera cultivars is due to both their greater cold hardiness at high temperature and their sensitivity to temperature change, acclimating faster and deeper at lower temperature. During the early and middle dormant season, exposure to 10 to 20°C for 2.d was sufficient to deacclimate primary buds to their minimum cold hardiness. However, exposure to 210°C even for 8.d was not always sufficient to acclimate them to their maximum cold hardiness.
{"title":"Effect of temperature and exposure time on cold hardiness of primary buds during the dormant season in `Concord', `Norton', `Vignoles' and `St. Vincent' grapevines","authors":"Sanliang Gu, Pinhai Ding, Howard Susanne","doi":"10.1080/14620316.2002.11511550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2002.11511550","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Primary bud cold hardiness in `Concord', `Norton', `Vignoles', and `St. Vincent' grapevines was studied at Southwest Missouri State University Research Campus in Mountain Grove, Missouri, USA. Canes from mature vines were exposed to 210, 25, 0, 10 or 20°C for 2, 4, 6 or 8.d in early December, late January, and early March during the 1998–99 winter season. Cold hardiness of primary buds was in¯uenced by temperature, exposure time, and dormant period. Temperatures of 10 or 20°C had similar deacclimating effects on primary bud cold hardiness of all cultivars during the entire winter. Cold hardiness of primary buds exposed to 0¼ was greater than that of buds exposed to 10 or 20°C only in early March for all cultivars and late January for `Concord'. Exposure to 0°C was as deacclimating as that to 10 or 20°C otherwise. Cold hardiness of primary buds becomes more sensitive to temperature as dormancy progresses. Longer exposure was advantageous for cold hardiness of primary buds only at 25 or 210°C. `Concord' and `Norton' were generally more sensitive to temperature than were `Vignoles' and `St. Vincent'. The greater cold hardiness of the tested non-vinifera cultivars is due to both their greater cold hardiness at high temperature and their sensitivity to temperature change, acclimating faster and deeper at lower temperature. During the early and middle dormant season, exposure to 10 to 20°C for 2.d was sufficient to deacclimate primary buds to their minimum cold hardiness. However, exposure to 210°C even for 8.d was not always sufficient to acclimate them to their maximum cold hardiness.","PeriodicalId":54808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14620316.2002.11511550","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60227939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary Endogenous abscisic acid (ABA), its 2-trans isomer (trans-ABA), phaseic acid (PA) and dihydrophaseic acid (DPA) were quantified in the skin, pulp and seed of the late-harvest cultivar Rongrien and the early-harvest cultivar Seechompoo to clarify the pathway of ABA metabolism in rambutan fruit (Nephelium lappaceum L.) and the relationship between ABA and fruit maturation. In the skin of ‘Rongrien’, ABA concentration reached a maximum 70.d after full bloom (DAFB) before maturation and then decreased torwards harvest. Trans-ABA and PA concentrations also followed a similar pattern to ABA. DPA increased from 84 DAFB and peaked at 98 DAFB. In the skin, although DPA increased after the decrease of ABA and PA, there was a long time lag, and the amount of increase was slight compared with the decrease of ABA. These results demonstrate that PA and DPA may not be the major metabolic pathway of ABA in rambutan skin. ABA metabolism in the seed of both cultivars followed a similar pattern. ABA and PA in the seed of ‘Rongrien' and ‘Seechompoo’ decreased from 56 DAFB and 42 DAFB towards harvest, respectively. Meanwhile DPA increased from 56 to 70 DAFB in ‘Rongrien’ and 42 to 56 DAFB in ‘Seechompoo’, and then decreased. The amount of ABA decrease coincided with that of DPA increase. These results suggest that in the seed PA may transform directly in DPA, and DPA may be the predominant metabolite of ABA. The ABA concentrations in the pulp from 84 to 105 DAFB (harvest) in ‘Rongrien’ and those from 70 to 91 DAFB (harvest) in ‘Seechompoo’ were higher than those in the skin respectively. The changes of ABA, trans-ABA, PA and DPA in the pulp were different for each cultivar. Although ABA, trans-ABA, PA and DPA in the pulp of ‘Rongrien’ showed almost no change between 84 and 105 DAFB, those of ‘Seechompoo’ decreased from 84 DAFB towards 91 DAFB. The difference of ABA metabolites in pulp of each cultivar, the relationships between lower ABA concentrations in maturing seed and dormancy, and between higher ABA concentrations in the pulp and chilling resistance are discussed.
{"title":"Abscisic acid metabolism during development and maturation of rambutan fruit","authors":"S.K. Satoru Kondo, P.P. Panumas Posuya, S.K. Sirichai Kanlayanarat, N.H. Nobuhiro Hirai","doi":"10.1080/14620316.2001.11511357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2001.11511357","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Endogenous abscisic acid (ABA), its 2-trans isomer (trans-ABA), phaseic acid (PA) and dihydrophaseic acid (DPA) were quantified in the skin, pulp and seed of the late-harvest cultivar Rongrien and the early-harvest cultivar Seechompoo to clarify the pathway of ABA metabolism in rambutan fruit (Nephelium lappaceum L.) and the relationship between ABA and fruit maturation. In the skin of ‘Rongrien’, ABA concentration reached a maximum 70.d after full bloom (DAFB) before maturation and then decreased torwards harvest. Trans-ABA and PA concentrations also followed a similar pattern to ABA. DPA increased from 84 DAFB and peaked at 98 DAFB. In the skin, although DPA increased after the decrease of ABA and PA, there was a long time lag, and the amount of increase was slight compared with the decrease of ABA. These results demonstrate that PA and DPA may not be the major metabolic pathway of ABA in rambutan skin. ABA metabolism in the seed of both cultivars followed a similar pattern. ABA and PA in the seed of ‘Rongrien' and ‘Seechompoo’ decreased from 56 DAFB and 42 DAFB towards harvest, respectively. Meanwhile DPA increased from 56 to 70 DAFB in ‘Rongrien’ and 42 to 56 DAFB in ‘Seechompoo’, and then decreased. The amount of ABA decrease coincided with that of DPA increase. These results suggest that in the seed PA may transform directly in DPA, and DPA may be the predominant metabolite of ABA. The ABA concentrations in the pulp from 84 to 105 DAFB (harvest) in ‘Rongrien’ and those from 70 to 91 DAFB (harvest) in ‘Seechompoo’ were higher than those in the skin respectively. The changes of ABA, trans-ABA, PA and DPA in the pulp were different for each cultivar. Although ABA, trans-ABA, PA and DPA in the pulp of ‘Rongrien’ showed almost no change between 84 and 105 DAFB, those of ‘Seechompoo’ decreased from 84 DAFB towards 91 DAFB. The difference of ABA metabolites in pulp of each cultivar, the relationships between lower ABA concentrations in maturing seed and dormancy, and between higher ABA concentrations in the pulp and chilling resistance are discussed.","PeriodicalId":54808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14620316.2001.11511357","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60227850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-01-01DOI: 10.1080/14620316.2001.11511438
B. Bodo Gutezeit
Summary High yield and quality are important factors for growers of carrots (Daucus carota L.). The objective of this study was to determine optimum soil moisture and N-fertilization to maximize carrot yield and external quality (i.e. the quantity of split and forked roots). The experiment was carried out in a microplot field installation with three levels of soil moisture (75, 50 and 25 vol% available field capacity (AFC)) on a sandy and a loamy soil over the last 16 and 11 weeks of the cropping period, respectively. Two movable roofs covered with polyethylene foil were used to maintain the three soil moisture levels, which were measured in all combinations with two levels of nitrogen fertilization (0 and 150 kg N ha-1). The highest total yields were reached at both soil types at 75 vol% AFC and 150 kg N ha-1. The quantity of forked carrots was more affected by reduced soil moisture on the sandy soil than on the loamy soil. The mass fraction of split roots increased with increasing soil moisture on both soil types and a significant interaction was calculated between soil type and fertilization. The mass of split roots on the sandy soil was significantly increased by fertilization.
高产和优质是胡萝卜栽培的重要因素。本研究的目的是确定最佳土壤水分和施氮量，以最大限度地提高胡萝卜产量和外部质量(即根裂和分叉的数量)。试验在种植期的最后16周和11周，在沙质和壤土上设置了3种土壤水分水平(75%、50%和25%有效田间容量(AFC))的小块田间装置。在两个氮肥水平(0和150 kg N ha-1)的所有组合下，采用覆盖聚乙烯箔的两个活动屋顶来保持三个土壤湿度水平。在75 vol% AFC和150 kg N ha-1时，两种土壤类型的总产量均达到最高。沙质土壤水分减少对胡萝卜分叉数量的影响大于壤土。两种土壤类型的裂根质量分数均随土壤含水量的增加而增加，土壤类型与施肥之间存在显著的交互作用。施肥显著增加了沙质土壤的裂根质量。
{"title":"Yield and quality of carrots as affected by soil moisture and N-fertilization","authors":"B. Bodo Gutezeit","doi":"10.1080/14620316.2001.11511438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2001.11511438","url":null,"abstract":"Summary High yield and quality are important factors for growers of carrots (Daucus carota L.). The objective of this study was to determine optimum soil moisture and N-fertilization to maximize carrot yield and external quality (i.e. the quantity of split and forked roots). The experiment was carried out in a microplot field installation with three levels of soil moisture (75, 50 and 25 vol% available field capacity (AFC)) on a sandy and a loamy soil over the last 16 and 11 weeks of the cropping period, respectively. Two movable roofs covered with polyethylene foil were used to maintain the three soil moisture levels, which were measured in all combinations with two levels of nitrogen fertilization (0 and 150 kg N ha-1). The highest total yields were reached at both soil types at 75 vol% AFC and 150 kg N ha-1. The quantity of forked carrots was more affected by reduced soil moisture on the sandy soil than on the loamy soil. The mass fraction of split roots increased with increasing soil moisture on both soil types and a significant interaction was calculated between soil type and fertilization. The mass of split roots on the sandy soil was significantly increased by fertilization.","PeriodicalId":54808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14620316.2001.11511438","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60227840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-01-01DOI: 10.1080/14620316.2001.11511352
Y.V. Yiftach Vaknin, S.G. Samuel Gan-Mor, A.B. Avital Bechar, B.R. Beni Ronen, D.E. Dan Eisikowitch
Summary Supplementary pollination of almond using electrostatic techniques was tested in a three year study (1996–1998) in Northern Israel. We used an electrostatic pollination device and tested its effects on fruitlet set, fruit set, yield weight and nut weight. We also tested its ability to pollinate flowers on the tree from the distal to the proximal part of the branches. We found that when individual branches were pollinated, fruitlet set was in accordance with the expected deposition rate of pollen grains on the stigma: electrostatic 1 open pollination > non-electrostatic + open pollination + open pollination > electrostatic pollination > non-electrostatic pollination > spontaneous self pollination. Fruit set results showed the same pattern but were not as precise. Electrostatic pollination of individual trees resulted in an insignificant increase in pollen germinability on the stigma. The highest germinability was on the distal part of the branch and the lowest was on the proximal part of the branch, in all pollination treatments. Electrostatic pollination increased yield as compared with non-electrostatic and open pollination. Nut weight, however, decreased slightly with increased yield. We suggest that electrostatic pollination can be an important method for pollen supplementation in almond orchards when honeybee pollination is insuf®cient and when the trees can withstand the added portion of nuts, resulting from improved pollination.
{"title":"Improving pollination of almond (Amygdalus communis L., Rosaceae) using electrostatic techniques","authors":"Y.V. Yiftach Vaknin, S.G. Samuel Gan-Mor, A.B. Avital Bechar, B.R. Beni Ronen, D.E. Dan Eisikowitch","doi":"10.1080/14620316.2001.11511352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2001.11511352","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Supplementary pollination of almond using electrostatic techniques was tested in a three year study (1996–1998) in Northern Israel. We used an electrostatic pollination device and tested its effects on fruitlet set, fruit set, yield weight and nut weight. We also tested its ability to pollinate flowers on the tree from the distal to the proximal part of the branches. We found that when individual branches were pollinated, fruitlet set was in accordance with the expected deposition rate of pollen grains on the stigma: electrostatic 1 open pollination > non-electrostatic + open pollination + open pollination > electrostatic pollination > non-electrostatic pollination > spontaneous self pollination. Fruit set results showed the same pattern but were not as precise. Electrostatic pollination of individual trees resulted in an insignificant increase in pollen germinability on the stigma. The highest germinability was on the distal part of the branch and the lowest was on the proximal part of the branch, in all pollination treatments. Electrostatic pollination increased yield as compared with non-electrostatic and open pollination. Nut weight, however, decreased slightly with increased yield. We suggest that electrostatic pollination can be an important method for pollen supplementation in almond orchards when honeybee pollination is insuf®cient and when the trees can withstand the added portion of nuts, resulting from improved pollination.","PeriodicalId":54808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14620316.2001.11511352","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60227791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-01-01DOI: 10.1080/14620316.2001.11511350
M.O. Michal Oren-Shamir, G.D. Gal Dela, R.O. Rinat Ovadia, A.N. Ada Nissim-Levi, S.P. Sonia Philosoph-Hadas, S.M. Shimon Meir
Summary One of the striking visible changes that occur in cut red rose flowers during vase life is blueing of the petals prior to wilting. However, it is not clear whether this phenomenon is part of the senescence syndrome. The aim of this study was to differentiate between petal blueing and sensecence processes. For this purpose we followed in parallel the kinetics of several typical senescence processes and blueing of rose petals in cut flowers in the presence or absence of sucrose, known to extend the longevity of cut roses and to delay senescence. We have shown that the kinetics of rose petal blueing is similar to that of the vacuolar pH increase, and different from the kinetics of other senescence parameters such as a decrease in water content and an increase of ion leakage of the petal cells. Sucrose treatment delayed all the senescence processes assayed at advanced stages, but it had an immediate effect only in delaying flower blueing and in increasing cell sap pH. This suggests a correlation between the two processes. Indeed, our results clearly demonstrate that the change in pH occurring in the petals is the main cause of the blueing effect.
{"title":"Differentiation between petal blueing and senescence of cut ‘Mercedes’ rose flowers","authors":"M.O. Michal Oren-Shamir, G.D. Gal Dela, R.O. Rinat Ovadia, A.N. Ada Nissim-Levi, S.P. Sonia Philosoph-Hadas, S.M. Shimon Meir","doi":"10.1080/14620316.2001.11511350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2001.11511350","url":null,"abstract":"Summary One of the striking visible changes that occur in cut red rose flowers during vase life is blueing of the petals prior to wilting. However, it is not clear whether this phenomenon is part of the senescence syndrome. The aim of this study was to differentiate between petal blueing and sensecence processes. For this purpose we followed in parallel the kinetics of several typical senescence processes and blueing of rose petals in cut flowers in the presence or absence of sucrose, known to extend the longevity of cut roses and to delay senescence. We have shown that the kinetics of rose petal blueing is similar to that of the vacuolar pH increase, and different from the kinetics of other senescence parameters such as a decrease in water content and an increase of ion leakage of the petal cells. Sucrose treatment delayed all the senescence processes assayed at advanced stages, but it had an immediate effect only in delaying flower blueing and in increasing cell sap pH. This suggests a correlation between the two processes. Indeed, our results clearly demonstrate that the change in pH occurring in the petals is the main cause of the blueing effect.","PeriodicalId":54808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14620316.2001.11511350","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60228237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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