Pub Date : 2001-01-01DOI: 10.1080/14620316.2001.11511428
T. Terhi Suojala
Summary Timing of harvest is an essential factor affecting the quantity, quality and storability of onion yield. This study aimed to establish when no further yield increase is to be expected and to determine the relationship between maturity stage and yield development. Experiments on 4-6 harvests at 9-14 d intervals were conducted at several locations in southern Finland in 1996-1999. Generally little, if any, yield increase was recorded after plants had reached 100% maturity, but in some cases bulb growth continued after complete fall-down of leaves. On the other hand, harvesting before 100% maturity resulted in a yield loss of 0-45% of final yield. Weight loss, and thus energy consumption during drying, was still reduced after complete leaf fall-down. Therefore, it may be concluded that delaying harvest up to 100% maturity, or even longer, ensures that highest yield and lowest drying costs.
{"title":"Effect of harvest date on onion yield in a northern climate","authors":"T. Terhi Suojala","doi":"10.1080/14620316.2001.11511428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2001.11511428","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Timing of harvest is an essential factor affecting the quantity, quality and storability of onion yield. This study aimed to establish when no further yield increase is to be expected and to determine the relationship between maturity stage and yield development. Experiments on 4-6 harvests at 9-14 d intervals were conducted at several locations in southern Finland in 1996-1999. Generally little, if any, yield increase was recorded after plants had reached 100% maturity, but in some cases bulb growth continued after complete fall-down of leaves. On the other hand, harvesting before 100% maturity resulted in a yield loss of 0-45% of final yield. Weight loss, and thus energy consumption during drying, was still reduced after complete leaf fall-down. Therefore, it may be concluded that delaying harvest up to 100% maturity, or even longer, ensures that highest yield and lowest drying costs.","PeriodicalId":54808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14620316.2001.11511428","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60227813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-01-01DOI: 10.1080/14620316.2001.11511426
S. Sanliang Gu, S. Shufu Dong, J. Jianqiang Li, S. Susanne Howard
Summary Acclimation and deacclimation of primary bud cold hardiness in ‘Norton’, ‘Vignoles’, and ‘St. Vincent’ grapevines were studied at Southwest Missouri State University Research Campus in Mountain Grove, Missouri, USA. Canes from mature vines were acclimated at -10°C for 7 d and then subjected to deacclimation at 20°C for 1,2,3,5 and 7 d in January and February 1997.During 1997-98 winter season, they were acclimated at -7°C and deacclimated at 20°C for 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 d in December, February, and March. Cold hardiness of primary buds under field temperature conditions was also evaluated at the same time as the buds treated under laboratory conditions. Cold hardiness of primary buds was influenced by temperature regimes, and the length of exposure time to acclimating and deacclimating temperatures. ‘Norton’ was the most cold hardy and ‘St Vincent’ was the least cold hardy cultivar, while ‘Vignoles’ was least sensitive to acclimating and deacclimating temperatures. Cold hardiness of primary buds decreased gradually while their sensitivity to acclimating and deacclimating temperatures increased, from December to March. Exposure to -7 or -10°C increased cold hardiness and exposure to 20°C decreased cold hardiness during certain sampling periods but not always so. It seems that there is a maximum level of cold hardiness above which primary buds will not acclimate and there is a minimum level of cold hardiness below which primary buds will not deacclimate.
{"title":"Acclimation and deacclimation of primary bud cold hardiness in ‘Norton’, ‘Vignoles’ and ‘St. Vincent’ grapevines","authors":"S. Sanliang Gu, S. Shufu Dong, J. Jianqiang Li, S. Susanne Howard","doi":"10.1080/14620316.2001.11511426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2001.11511426","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Acclimation and deacclimation of primary bud cold hardiness in ‘Norton’, ‘Vignoles’, and ‘St. Vincent’ grapevines were studied at Southwest Missouri State University Research Campus in Mountain Grove, Missouri, USA. Canes from mature vines were acclimated at -10°C for 7 d and then subjected to deacclimation at 20°C for 1,2,3,5 and 7 d in January and February 1997.During 1997-98 winter season, they were acclimated at -7°C and deacclimated at 20°C for 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 d in December, February, and March. Cold hardiness of primary buds under field temperature conditions was also evaluated at the same time as the buds treated under laboratory conditions. Cold hardiness of primary buds was influenced by temperature regimes, and the length of exposure time to acclimating and deacclimating temperatures. ‘Norton’ was the most cold hardy and ‘St Vincent’ was the least cold hardy cultivar, while ‘Vignoles’ was least sensitive to acclimating and deacclimating temperatures. Cold hardiness of primary buds decreased gradually while their sensitivity to acclimating and deacclimating temperatures increased, from December to March. Exposure to -7 or -10°C increased cold hardiness and exposure to 20°C decreased cold hardiness during certain sampling periods but not always so. It seems that there is a maximum level of cold hardiness above which primary buds will not acclimate and there is a minimum level of cold hardiness below which primary buds will not deacclimate.","PeriodicalId":54808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14620316.2001.11511426","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60227899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-01-01DOI: 10.1080/14620316.2001.11511347
M.S. Munnu Singh
Summary A field experiment was conducted over five years (1992–97) at Bangalore (13.58N, 77.558E, 930.m above mean sea level) to study the effect of nitrogen application (0, 50, 100 and 150.kg N ha–1 year–1) on yield, oil quality and soil fertility of lemongrass (Cymbopogon fiexuosus) in the semi-arid tropical conditions of South India. Fresh herbage yield of lemongrass differed significantly between years; the yields increased up to the second year after which they started to decline. During the five years, the response to nitrogen was linear, while still maintaining the same content and quality of essential oil. The oil content and chemical composition of oil did not change as the crop aged. Application of nitrogen and phosphorus maintained the fertility of the soil while potassium depletion was noticed.
{"title":"Long-term studies on yield, quality and soil fertility of lemongrass (Cymbopogon fiexuosus) in relation to nitrogen application","authors":"M.S. Munnu Singh","doi":"10.1080/14620316.2001.11511347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2001.11511347","url":null,"abstract":"Summary A field experiment was conducted over five years (1992–97) at Bangalore (13.58N, 77.558E, 930.m above mean sea level) to study the effect of nitrogen application (0, 50, 100 and 150.kg N ha–1 year–1) on yield, oil quality and soil fertility of lemongrass (Cymbopogon fiexuosus) in the semi-arid tropical conditions of South India. Fresh herbage yield of lemongrass differed significantly between years; the yields increased up to the second year after which they started to decline. During the five years, the response to nitrogen was linear, while still maintaining the same content and quality of essential oil. The oil content and chemical composition of oil did not change as the crop aged. Application of nitrogen and phosphorus maintained the fertility of the soil while potassium depletion was noticed.","PeriodicalId":54808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14620316.2001.11511347","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60228067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary S3-, S5-, S9- (=Sc-), Sf-, Sg- and Sh (=S24)-alleles in the wild apple were deduced by using S-allele-specific-polymerase-chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses. Within the alleles, the deduced amino acid sequence of Sg 9-RNase in Sg-allele of Malus transitoria differed by one amino acid from that of Sg-RNase in Sg-allele of M. × domestica ‘Indo’. From the cross pollination analysis of M. transitoria and M. × domestica ‘Indo’, and S-allele-specific-PCR-RFLP analyses of their progenies, it was indicated that the pistil Sg 9 RNase in M. transitoria rejected the pollen of Sg-allele from ‘Indo’. A difference of one amino acid within the RHV region produced by natural mutation was not enough to generate a new S-allele. This is the first report in the literature concerning S-allele diversification in the apple.
{"title":"A functional S-allele, ‘Sg’, in the wild apple possessing a single amino acid, S-RNase ‘Sg’-RNase’, different from ‘Sg-RNase’ in Malus × domestica cultivars","authors":"S.M. Shogo Matsumoto, K.K. Kentaro Kitahara, H.K. Hiromitsu Komatsu, J.S. Junichi Soejima","doi":"10.1080/14620316.2001.11511344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2001.11511344","url":null,"abstract":"Summary S3-, S5-, S9- (=Sc-), Sf-, Sg- and Sh (=S24)-alleles in the wild apple were deduced by using S-allele-specific-polymerase-chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses. Within the alleles, the deduced amino acid sequence of Sg 9-RNase in Sg-allele of Malus transitoria differed by one amino acid from that of Sg-RNase in Sg-allele of M. × domestica ‘Indo’. From the cross pollination analysis of M. transitoria and M. × domestica ‘Indo’, and S-allele-specific-PCR-RFLP analyses of their progenies, it was indicated that the pistil Sg 9 RNase in M. transitoria rejected the pollen of Sg-allele from ‘Indo’. A difference of one amino acid within the RHV region produced by natural mutation was not enough to generate a new S-allele. This is the first report in the literature concerning S-allele diversification in the apple.","PeriodicalId":54808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14620316.2001.11511344","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60227992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-01-01DOI: 10.1080/14620316.2001.11511340
A.R. Andrew Riseman, C.J. Charlotte Jensen, M.W. Michelle Williams
Summary Reduced water availability during the production of potted miniature roses improves water use efficiency, tolerance to subsequent drought stress and improves post-production performance. However, the physiological response of roses to reduced water availability treatments is not well understood. To explain why a change in production treatment can improve drought stress tolerance, two cultivars of potted miniature roses, Apollo Parade and Charming Paradet were produced with reduced water availability. The plants were exposed to repeated stress and recovery cycles from second cut to flowering. Each of the three 14.d stress cycles included 10.d of reduced water availability and 4.d of recovery, where plants were watered as control plants. During production detailed evaluations were taken on water consumption, water use efficiency, soil and leaf water potential, stomatal conductivity and leaf osmotic potential. The greatest responses occurred following the first exposure to drought. This first exposure to drought had a conditioning effect on the plants which improved their tolerance to subsequent exposure to drought. The two cultivars used different mechanisms to respond to drought in that Apollo utilized osmotic adjustment while Charming modified stomatal closure.
{"title":"Stomatal conductivity and osmotic adjustment during acclimation to multiple cycles of drought stress in potted miniature rose (Rosa × hybrida)","authors":"A.R. Andrew Riseman, C.J. Charlotte Jensen, M.W. Michelle Williams","doi":"10.1080/14620316.2001.11511340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2001.11511340","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Reduced water availability during the production of potted miniature roses improves water use efficiency, tolerance to subsequent drought stress and improves post-production performance. However, the physiological response of roses to reduced water availability treatments is not well understood. To explain why a change in production treatment can improve drought stress tolerance, two cultivars of potted miniature roses, Apollo Parade and Charming Paradet were produced with reduced water availability. The plants were exposed to repeated stress and recovery cycles from second cut to flowering. Each of the three 14.d stress cycles included 10.d of reduced water availability and 4.d of recovery, where plants were watered as control plants. During production detailed evaluations were taken on water consumption, water use efficiency, soil and leaf water potential, stomatal conductivity and leaf osmotic potential. The greatest responses occurred following the first exposure to drought. This first exposure to drought had a conditioning effect on the plants which improved their tolerance to subsequent exposure to drought. The two cultivars used different mechanisms to respond to drought in that Apollo utilized osmotic adjustment while Charming modified stomatal closure.","PeriodicalId":54808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14620316.2001.11511340","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60227566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.1080/14620316.2000.11511294
S. Lanteri, E. Portis, H. W. Bergervoet, S. Groot
Summary Priming treatments (osmoconditioning), which can considerably improve seed germination performance, are widely applied by seed companies to increase the rate and uniformity of seedling establishment of commercial vegetable and flower seeds. Advancement of embryonic root tip cells into S and G2 phases of the cell cycle, as measured by the increase in the percentage of nuclei showing a 4C DNA content, has been observed to occur after osmoconditioning of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seeds. Here we report the relationship between osmoconditioning effects and the activation of DNA replication as well as the accumulation of p-tubulin, a constitutive element of microtubules, in the embryo root tips during priming in PEG 6000 solutions, at the osmotic potentials of ‒1.1 and ‒1.5 MPa. With dry seeds, flow cytometric profiles indicated that most of the cells were arrested at Gi phase of the cell cycle while β-tubulin was not detectable on western blots. During priming, β-tubulin appeared to be synthesized de novo and its accumulation preceded DNA replication. Within each priming condition, the time courses and amounts of DNA replication and p-tubulin accumulation were found to correlate with improved seed germination performance. Their potential use as molecular markers for discriminating a priori priming effectiveness is discussed.
{"title":"The control of the annual growth cycle in raspberry","authors":"S. Lanteri, E. Portis, H. W. Bergervoet, S. Groot","doi":"10.1080/14620316.2000.11511294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2000.11511294","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Priming treatments (osmoconditioning), which can considerably improve seed germination performance, are widely applied by seed companies to increase the rate and uniformity of seedling establishment of commercial vegetable and flower seeds. Advancement of embryonic root tip cells into S and G2 phases of the cell cycle, as measured by the increase in the percentage of nuclei showing a 4C DNA content, has been observed to occur after osmoconditioning of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seeds. Here we report the relationship between osmoconditioning effects and the activation of DNA replication as well as the accumulation of p-tubulin, a constitutive element of microtubules, in the embryo root tips during priming in PEG 6000 solutions, at the osmotic potentials of ‒1.1 and ‒1.5 MPa. With dry seeds, flow cytometric profiles indicated that most of the cells were arrested at Gi phase of the cell cycle while β-tubulin was not detectable on western blots. During priming, β-tubulin appeared to be synthesized de novo and its accumulation preceded DNA replication. Within each priming condition, the time courses and amounts of DNA replication and p-tubulin accumulation were found to correlate with improved seed germination performance. Their potential use as molecular markers for discriminating a priori priming effectiveness is discussed.","PeriodicalId":54808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14620316.2000.11511294","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60227488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-08-08DOI: 10.1080/14620316.1999.11511118
A. D. Webster, J. Spencer
SummaryHigh volume sprays of ammonium thiosulphate (ATS), endothal, sulfcarbamide and pelargonic acid, applied at full bloom, were compared as flower thinners for the apple cultivars Queen Cox and Royal Gala grown on M.9 rootstocks in the south-east of England. Sprays of ATS (10,000 or 15,000 mg l–1) or endothal (500 to 200 mg l–1 reduced initial and final fruit set per 100 floral buds in each of two consecutive years when applied to the same set of trees. Sulfcarbamide reduced fruit set only when applied at concentrations higher than those recommended (4000 mg l–1), and sprays of pelargonic acid had no significant effect on the final set of these two cultivars. The ATS and endothal treatments increased fruit size in the first year of application, but effects in the subsequent year were inconsistent. Sprays in the first year increased floral density in the second year. In both years of treatment, sprays of benzyladenine (BA), applied when fruitlets were approximately 12.mm in diameter, increased the perce...
{"title":"New strategies for the chemical thinning of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars Queen Cox and Royal Gala","authors":"A. D. Webster, J. Spencer","doi":"10.1080/14620316.1999.11511118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.1999.11511118","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryHigh volume sprays of ammonium thiosulphate (ATS), endothal, sulfcarbamide and pelargonic acid, applied at full bloom, were compared as flower thinners for the apple cultivars Queen Cox and Royal Gala grown on M.9 rootstocks in the south-east of England. Sprays of ATS (10,000 or 15,000 mg l–1) or endothal (500 to 200 mg l–1 reduced initial and final fruit set per 100 floral buds in each of two consecutive years when applied to the same set of trees. Sulfcarbamide reduced fruit set only when applied at concentrations higher than those recommended (4000 mg l–1), and sprays of pelargonic acid had no significant effect on the final set of these two cultivars. The ATS and endothal treatments increased fruit size in the first year of application, but effects in the subsequent year were inconsistent. Sprays in the first year increased floral density in the second year. In both years of treatment, sprays of benzyladenine (BA), applied when fruitlets were approximately 12.mm in diameter, increased the perce...","PeriodicalId":54808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"1999-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14620316.1999.11511118","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60223056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1080/14620316.1999.11511072
Y. Nakao, S. Shiozaki, T. Ogata, K. Kawase, Shousaku Horiuchi
SummaryThe carbohydrate and water contents of the ovule of Ginkgo biloba L. (ginkgo) were evaluated during its development. The ovule grew rapidly (stage I) after pollination in early May, temporarily stopped growing, in mid-July (stage II), and resumed growth slowly (stage III) from mid-August until maturation. The water content in the endosperm and outer integument were highest in June, and decreased thereafter, accompanied by ovule development. In the endosperm, the sugar content decreased rapidly during stage I, followed by a rapid increase in the starch content which is high level in early September. In the outer integument, the sugar content increased in early June, and remained nearly constant until early August. Then it transiently decreased in mid-August, when meso-integument hardening was completed, followed by a rapid increase. The starch content in the outer integument was low, but peaked in mid-August, when the sugar content was lowest. Although ginkgo nuts are usually harvested in October, w...
{"title":"Changes in carbohydrate and water content with ovule growth of Ginkgo biloba L.","authors":"Y. Nakao, S. Shiozaki, T. Ogata, K. Kawase, Shousaku Horiuchi","doi":"10.1080/14620316.1999.11511072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.1999.11511072","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryThe carbohydrate and water contents of the ovule of Ginkgo biloba L. (ginkgo) were evaluated during its development. The ovule grew rapidly (stage I) after pollination in early May, temporarily stopped growing, in mid-July (stage II), and resumed growth slowly (stage III) from mid-August until maturation. The water content in the endosperm and outer integument were highest in June, and decreased thereafter, accompanied by ovule development. In the endosperm, the sugar content decreased rapidly during stage I, followed by a rapid increase in the starch content which is high level in early September. In the outer integument, the sugar content increased in early June, and remained nearly constant until early August. Then it transiently decreased in mid-August, when meso-integument hardening was completed, followed by a rapid increase. The starch content in the outer integument was low, but peaked in mid-August, when the sugar content was lowest. Although ginkgo nuts are usually harvested in October, w...","PeriodicalId":54808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14620316.1999.11511072","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60219996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1080/14620316.1999.11511093
S. Southwick, M. Rupert, J. Yeager, B. Lampinen, T. Dejong, K. Weis
SummaryIn 1991, a 3.6 ha plot was established to determine the effects of urea fertigation via drip emitters on growth responses and yield of young `French' prune trees. Urea N (UN32) was applied annually beginning in 1992 and continuing through 1996 at 0 (control), 0.11, 0.23, and 0.45 kg actual N per tree as biweekly applications with one-tenth of the total amount per application from May until September. An additional annual treatment delivered 0.06 kg N per tree if July analysis of leaf N showed 2.3% or lower total N. Fruit yield, number of fruit per kilogram, drying ratio (fresh fruit mass per dry fruit mass), tree growth (trunk cross-sectional area and mass of pruned shoots), leaf N concentration, and soil nitrate content were assessed as a function of treatment. Dry yields per tree were increased by N treatments compared with the control in 1994 and 1996 and when averaged over three years. Fruit size and drying ratio were not affected by N treatments during any year. Where no N was applied, there w...
1991年，在一个3.6公顷的试验田上建立了滴灌施肥系统，以确定尿素施肥对“法国”李子树幼树生长响应和产量的影响。从1992年开始，每年施用氮肥(UN32)，一直持续到1996年，每棵树的实际氮肥为0(对照)、0.11、0.23和0.45公斤，每两周施用，每次施用总量的十分之一，从5月到9月。如果7月叶氮分析显示总氮为2.3%或更低，则每年额外处理每棵树提供0.06 kg N，果实产量、每公斤果数、干燥比(每干果质量的新鲜果质量)、树木生长(树干截面积和修剪过的梢质量)、叶氮浓度和土壤硝酸盐含量作为处理的函数进行评估。在1994年和1996年以及三年平均水平上，施氮处理比对照提高了单株干产量。各年份氮肥处理对果实大小和干燥率无显著影响。当不施加N时，有w…
{"title":"EFFECTS OF NITROGEN FERTIGATION ON FRUIT YIELD AND QUALITY OF YOUNG 'FRENCH' PRUNE TREES","authors":"S. Southwick, M. Rupert, J. Yeager, B. Lampinen, T. Dejong, K. Weis","doi":"10.1080/14620316.1999.11511093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.1999.11511093","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryIn 1991, a 3.6 ha plot was established to determine the effects of urea fertigation via drip emitters on growth responses and yield of young `French' prune trees. Urea N (UN32) was applied annually beginning in 1992 and continuing through 1996 at 0 (control), 0.11, 0.23, and 0.45 kg actual N per tree as biweekly applications with one-tenth of the total amount per application from May until September. An additional annual treatment delivered 0.06 kg N per tree if July analysis of leaf N showed 2.3% or lower total N. Fruit yield, number of fruit per kilogram, drying ratio (fresh fruit mass per dry fruit mass), tree growth (trunk cross-sectional area and mass of pruned shoots), leaf N concentration, and soil nitrate content were assessed as a function of treatment. Dry yields per tree were increased by N treatments compared with the control in 1994 and 1996 and when averaged over three years. Fruit size and drying ratio were not affected by N treatments during any year. Where no N was applied, there w...","PeriodicalId":54808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14620316.1999.11511093","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60221562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1080/14620316.1999.11511106
S. Ramanayake, A. Kovoor
SummaryThe requirements for in vitro micrografting Anacardium occidentale L. are described. Excised embryos germinated in vitro were used as rootstocks. Shoot tips and axillary shoots proliferated from seedling shoots were the source of scions. Flooding the cut surfaces immediately in a mixture that contained citric acid controlled oxidative browning. Firm contact between the scion and rootstock was assured through the use of an aluminium foil tube at the graft junction. An indole acetic acid pretreatment of the scions and a culture medium with alpha naphthalene acetic acid that enhanced rooting brought about graft fusion and development, indicating an exogenous auxin requirement. Further improvement of this technique and modifications to suit mature tree explants would prove to be a more advantageous practical application of in vitro micrografting in the improvement of cashew.
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