Journal for Nature Conservation最新文献_第3页

Threats to the conservation of protected natural areas in Mexico 对墨西哥自然保护区保护的威胁

IF 2.5 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Journal for Nature Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2026.127226

Dulce Guadalupe García-Flores , Martha Mariela Zarco-González , Ángel Balbuena-Serrano , Zuleyma Zarco-González , Octavio Monroy-Vilchis

Protected Natural Areas (PNA) are a primary tool for conserving biodiversity and are used internationally. However, there is currently no decree ensuring their proper functioning, especially considering the rapid expansion of human activities. In Mexico, 182 PNA have been decreed, of which 125 terrestrial areas were analyzed to assess fragmentation and connectivity using land cover data from the MAD-Mex system (Monitoring Activity Data for the Mexican REDD + program) and a least-cost path modeling approach. A cluster analysis based on fragmentation metrics resulted in the formation of three groups of PNA, which were classified through discriminant analysis into low, medium, and high vulnerability levels. Subsequently, the extreme groups (low and high vulnerability) were characterized using nine socioeconomic variables, through a generalized linear model. The most vulnerable PNA are concentrated in the central region of the country, where population density, mining activity, and proximity to metropolitan areas increase fragmentation and reduce connectivity. A generalized linear model showed that the vulnerability of PNA increases with human population density and the presence of mines, while it decreases with distance to metropolitan areas and the presence of tourist areas. This analysis provides important insights into the local threats faced by each of Mexico’s terrestrial PNA. Such information is crucial for improving management plans and conservation strategies tailored to the specific threats confronting these areas.

自然保护区（PNA）是保护生物多样性的主要工具，在国际上得到广泛使用。但是，目前没有法令确保其适当运作，特别是考虑到人类活动的迅速扩大。在墨西哥，已经颁布了182个PNA，使用MAD-Mex系统（墨西哥REDD +计划的监测活动数据）的土地覆盖数据和最低成本路径建模方法，分析了其中125个陆地区域，以评估碎片化和连通性。基于碎片化指标的聚类分析将PNA划分为三组，并通过判别分析将其分为低、中、高脆弱性。随后，通过广义线性模型，利用9个社会经济变量对极端群体（低脆弱性和高脆弱性）进行了表征。最脆弱的PNA集中在该国的中部地区，那里的人口密度、采矿活动和靠近大都市地区加剧了碎片化，减少了连通性。广义线性模型表明，PNA的脆弱性随着人口密度和地雷的存在而增加，而随着距大都市的距离和旅游区的存在而降低。这一分析为了解墨西哥每一种陆地PNA面临的当地威胁提供了重要的见解。这些信息对于改进针对这些地区面临的具体威胁的管理计划和保护战略至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Ecological niche modelling of Saussurea obvallata (DC.) Sch.Bip., a culturally and medicinally important threatened species of Indian Himalayan region 小叶雪莲生态位模型研究Sch.Bip。印度喜马拉雅地区的一种文化和医学上重要的濒危物种

IF 2.5 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Journal for Nature Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2026.127240

Gourav Devtalla , Praveen Gunwant , Anil Kumar Yadava , Manish Tripathi

The prediction of species distribution is a cardinal tool for conservation and recuperation planning of medicinally and culturally important plant species. Climate change accompanied with anthropogenic pressures are the imperative factors in changing the alpine vegetation’s habitat and causing their natural habitat to shrink in numbers. Saussurea obvallata (DC.) Sch.Bip., is an important yet highly threatened medicinal herb of the Himalayan region. Overexploitation and unscientific harvesting have resulted in the steep decline of the plant’s natural habitat populations. The present study aims to the model the present and future distribution of S. obvallata, using MaxEnt in Uttarakhand state, India. The authors selected twenty-six variables (bioclimatic, topographic and pedologic) and 38 well-dispersed species occurrence points to predict the potential distribution of S. obvallata in Uttarakhand. Future distributions were projected under two Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP2-4.5, SSP5-8.5) scenarios using two Global Circulation Models for the period 2021–2040 and 2041–2060. Results showed that the MaxEnt model was accurate, with the area under ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve reaching 0.9352 with isothermality, precipitation of warmest quarter, temperature of annual range, mean diurnal range and aspect emerging as the major contributing variables to the model. The study identified 1378.88 km² high suitability area and 5135 km² area with medium suitability for S. obvallata in Uttarakhand. The results of this study can be used to plan conservation strategies and prioritizing the highly suitable areas to be used as rehabilitation sites for S. obvallata. Overall, this study highlights an urgent need for instantaneous policy interventions to protect S. obvallata from habitat fragmentation, unscientific harvesting, and over exploitation.

物种分布预测是制定重要药用和文化植物物种保护和恢复规划的重要工具。气候变化和人为压力是导致高寒植被生境变化和自然生境减少的重要因素。雪莲（DC.）Sch.Bip。是喜马拉雅地区一种重要但受到高度威胁的草药。过度开发和不科学的采伐导致了该植物自然栖息地数量的急剧下降。本研究旨在利用MaxEnt在印度北阿坎德邦建立S. obvallata现在和未来分布的模型。选取生物气候、地形、土壤学等26个变量和38个分布较广的物种分布点，预测了北阿坎德邦白骨螺的潜在分布。利用两种全球环流模式预测了2021-2040年和2041-2060年两种共享社会经济路径（SSP2-4.5、SSP5-8.5）情景下的未来分布。结果表明，MaxEnt模型准确，ROC （Receiver Operating Characteristic）曲线下面积达到0.9352，其中等温、最暖季降水、年差温、平均日差和坡向是影响模型的主要变量。在北阿坎德邦确定了1378.88 km2的高适宜区和5135 km2的中等适宜区。本研究结果可用于规划保护策略和优先选择高度适宜的区域作为黑桫椤的恢复地点。总体而言，本研究强调迫切需要立即采取政策干预措施，以保护黑桫椤免受栖息地破碎化、不科学采伐和过度开发的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Quantification of the overall protection of threatened fauna and flora species from France, globally and across territories and taxonomic groups 法国濒危动植物物种总体保护的量化，全球范围内，跨地域和分类群

IF 2.5 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Journal for Nature Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2026.127209

Julie Rode , Raphaël Marchand , Rémy Poncet , Geoffroy Dufay

In a context of rapid biodiversity loss, the protection of threatened species has become a crucial stake. By comparing the reference databases of threatened and protected fauna and flora species from France, we quantified the gap between threat evaluation and protection legislation. More than half of threatened species are not protected. The distribution over taxonomic groups and administrative units display a largely uneven bias geographically towards mainland France and Corsica, and taxonomically towards the vertebrates’ group. Such bias can also be found among described species and species classified by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, which leads to an underestimation of the number of threatened species. It becomes urgent to accelerate the evaluation of species threat level and to improve their protection – either directly or indirectly (e.g. through the protection of “umbrella species”, selected based on documented species to species, or species to habitats relationships) to use protection status as an efficient mean to stop and reverse the decline.

在生物多样性迅速丧失的背景下，保护濒危物种已成为一项至关重要的利益。通过对法国濒危和受保护动植物物种参考数据库的比较，我们量化了威胁评估与保护立法之间的差距。超过一半的濒危物种没有得到保护。在分类类群和行政单位上的分布表现出很大的不均衡，地理上偏向法国大陆和科西嘉岛，分类上偏向脊椎动物类群。在被描述的物种和被国际自然保护联盟分类的物种中也可以发现这种偏见，这导致了对受威胁物种数量的低估。当务之急是加快物种威胁水平的评估，并直接或间接地（例如，通过保护“保护伞物种”，根据记录的物种对物种或物种对栖息地的关系选择），利用保护状态作为阻止和扭转下降的有效手段。

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引用次数: 0

The importance of riparian forests as corridors for mammals in a productive landscape of the Yungas 河岸森林作为哺乳动物走廊的重要性

IF 2.5 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Journal for Nature Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2026.127213

Sebastian A. Albanesi , Roberto Cáceres , Agustina Novillo , Laura M. Bellis

In agricultural landscapes, riparian forests often represent the last remaining fragments of native habitats, facilitating wildlife movement and playing a crucial role in conservation. In the Yungas, a forest ecoregion east of the Andes mountain range in South America, these forests still support significant mammal diversity; however, they remain poorly studied. The aim of this study is therefore to assess the importance of riparian forest corridors for mammal communities within a productive matrix, compared to those in a continuous forest landscape. We used diversity indices, PERMANOVA and SIMPER analysis to compare species frequency variation between riparian forest types. Furthermore, we employed principal component analysis (PCA) and generalised linear models (GLMs) to identify the variables that explain habitat use. The species richness and diversity indices of both riparian forest types were similar. Seven species contributed to the dissimilarity between the situations. The most frequently recorded mammal species differed between the two environments: the agouti (Dasyprocta variegata) was most common in the riparian forest, whereas the tapeti (Sylvilagus brasiliensis) dominated in the forest embedded within the productive matrix. The global model did not show statistically significant relationships between species richness and the environmental variables, however, the species-specific models indicated that detection frequency was significantly influenced at fine scales by canopy cover, the percentage of croplands, and the density of nearby roads, and at broader scales by the distance to protected areas and to cities/towns. Therefore, we recommend prioritizing riparian forests for biological restoration actions within agricultural landscapes, as this may enhance the persistence of mammal populations across large spatial extents.

在农业景观中，河岸森林往往是原生栖息地的最后残余部分，促进野生动物的运动，在保护中发挥着至关重要的作用。在南美洲安第斯山脉以东的森林生态区Yungas，这些森林仍然支持着重要的哺乳动物多样性；然而，对它们的研究仍然很少。因此，本研究的目的是评估与连续森林景观相比，在生产基质中河岸森林走廊对哺乳动物群落的重要性。利用多样性指数、PERMANOVA和SIMPER分析比较了不同河岸林类型间物种频率的变化。此外，我们采用主成分分析（PCA）和广义线性模型（GLMs）来确定解释栖息地利用的变量。两种类型的物种丰富度和多样性指数相似。7个物种导致了两种情况之间的差异。两种环境中记录最多的哺乳动物种类不同：刺鼠（Dasyprocta variegata）在河岸森林中最常见，而绵猴（Sylvilagus brasiliensis）在嵌入生产基质的森林中占主导地位。全球模型未显示物种丰富度与环境变量之间的统计显著关系，但物种特异性模型表明，在细尺度上，检测频率受冠层覆盖、农田百分比和附近道路密度的显著影响，在更大尺度上受保护区和城镇距离的显著影响。因此，我们建议在农业景观中优先考虑河岸森林的生物恢复行动，因为这可能会增强哺乳动物种群在大空间范围内的持久性。

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引用次数: 0

Differential demographic responses of lion-tailed macaques to habitat fragmentation: Four decades of population monitoring in the Anamalai Hills, Western Ghats and perspectives for management and conservation 狮子尾猕猴对栖息地破碎化的不同人口反应：西高止山脉阿纳马莱山40年人口监测及管理和保护展望

IF 2.5 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Journal for Nature Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2026.127236

Santanu Mahato , Honnavalli N. Kumara , Govindhaswamy Umapathy , Mridula Singh , Mewa Singh

The biodiversity-rich tropical ecosystems are experiencing burgeoning anthropogenic threats and continuous modifications. Responses of the primate population are important indicators of such modifications; thus, monitoring them is crucial to frame conservation strategies. Habitat fragmentation and dependence on anthropogenic food sources can impact population viability, as in the case of an endangered species, the lion-tailed macaque (Macaca silenus) in the Anamalai Hills of the Western Ghats, India. We recorded 37 groups (∼ 800 individuals), with larger mean group sizes in non-protected areas (non-PAs) compared to protected areas (PAs). The groups in non-PAs are likely to experience greater long-term vulnerability due to their proximity to human settlements and exposure to anthropogenic disturbances, including road mortality and electrocution. In contrast, the groups in PAs remained largely stable. Birth rates did not vary significantly across fragments; however, group size was negatively correlated with canopy height. Fragments in PAs supported a higher proportion of adult females to immatures and adults to immatures than non-PAs. Our findings highlight the differential impacts of fragmentation on the demography of the lion-tailed macaque and emphasize the need for conservation strategies that balance population viability.

生物多样性丰富的热带生态系统正面临日益严重的人为威胁和不断的改变。灵长类动物种群的反应是这种修饰的重要指标；因此，监测它们对于制定保护策略至关重要。栖息地的破碎化和对人为食物来源的依赖会影响种群的生存能力，就像印度西高止山脉阿纳马莱山的一种濒危物种狮尾猕猴（Macaca silenus）一样。我们记录了37个群体（约800个个体），与保护区相比，非保护区（non-PAs）的平均群体规模更大。非保护区的群体可能会经历更大的长期脆弱性，因为它们靠近人类住区并受到人为干扰，包括道路死亡和触电。相比之下，保护区的群体基本保持稳定。不同片段间的出生率没有显著差异；而群落大小与冠层高度呈负相关。与非保护区相比，保护区中的片段支持更高比例的成年雌性对不成熟的和成年对不成熟的。我们的研究结果强调了碎片化对狮尾猕猴人口统计学的不同影响，并强调了平衡种群生存能力的保护策略的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Gout as cause of morbidity and mortality of Audouin’s gull (Ichthyaetus audouinii) in southern Portugal 痛风是葡萄牙南部奥杜安海鸥发病和死亡的原因

IF 2.5 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Journal for Nature Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2026.127223

João Almeida , Rute Noiva , Mário Quaresma , Luís Carvalho , María Casero

Audouin’s gull (Ichthyaetus audouinii) is a species endemic to the Mediterranean and Western Sahara, with the world’s largest breeding colony located on Deserta Island, Algarve (Southern Portugal). This study aimed to identify pathological abnormalities and drivers of mortality within this population, with the broader goal of improving our understanding of the terrestrial and marine threats faced by this species in the Algarve .

Data on the admission of 878 Audouin’s gulls at RIAS − Ria Formosa Wild Animal Recovery and Investigation Center, between January 2010 and December 2023, were collected and characterized. Of these, 176 birds were necropsied, and histopathology was carried out on 4 birds.

The results revealed that morbidity/mortality in the colony mainly affects juveniles (87.81% admissions) collected at the Faro/Olhão Wastewater Treatment Station and surrounding areas, manifesting as signs of weakness/malnutrition. Anatomopathological analysis revealed a predominance of renal and joint diseases, consistent with nephritis and urolithiasis, and ankylosis and arthritis, respectively. Histopathological examination showed the deposition of uric acid crystals in renal parenchyma. In 2 of the 4 cases analysed, trematode parasites with pigmented shell eggs were observed within the ureters and free in the coelom and were classified as belonging to the family Renicolidae.

The data suggests gout as an important disease in this population, with both age-related and geographic components. This condition may be associated with debilitation following fledging, as juvenile birds move toward wastewater treatment facilities in search freshwater or food. It may also be related with the presence of a renal trematode parasite, unreported in this population, which may contribute to renal failure.

奥杜安海鸥（Ichthyaetus audouinii）是地中海和西撒哈拉特有的物种，世界上最大的繁殖地位于阿尔加维（葡萄牙南部）的Deserta岛。本研究旨在确定该种群的病理异常和死亡驱动因素，其更广泛的目标是提高我们对阿尔加维该物种面临的陆地和海洋威胁的理解。本文收集了2010年1月至2023年12月在RIAS - Ria Formosa野生动物恢复与调查中心（RIAS - Ria Formosa wildlife Recovery and Investigation Center）收留的878只奥杜安鸥的数据并进行了特征分析。其中尸检176只，对4只进行组织病理学检查。结果显示，在Faro/ olh污水处理站及周边地区收集的种群中，发病率/死亡率主要影响少年（87.81%），表现为身体虚弱/营养不良。解剖病理分析显示肾脏和关节疾病的优势，一致的肾炎和尿石症，强直和关节炎分别。组织病理学检查显示肾实质内尿酸结晶沉积。4例中有2例在输尿管内和体腔内检出带色素壳卵的吸虫，属吸虫科。数据表明痛风是这一人群中的一种重要疾病，与年龄和地理因素有关。这种情况可能与雏鸟羽化后的虚弱有关，因为幼鸟会向污水处理设施移动以寻找淡水或食物。它也可能与肾吸虫寄生虫的存在有关，未在该人群中报道，这可能导致肾功能衰竭。

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引用次数: 0

Manor parks as refuges for cavity-nesting birds: Can rural legacy support forest biodiversity in a highly deforested agricultural landscape? 庄园公园作为洞穴筑巢鸟类的避难所：在森林被高度砍伐的农业景观中，农村遗产能否支持森林生物多样性？

IF 2.5 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Journal for Nature Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2026.127220

Jerzy Michalczuk, Monika Michalczuk

Historic manor parks are a traditional component of Central European rural landscapes, representing a form of cultural heritage established primarily in the 18th and 19th centuries. These sites often contain old-growth tree stands that resemble forest habitats, which are increasingly rare in deforested agricultural regions. As such, they can act as biodiversity refuges, particularly for forest-dwelling birds. In this study, we assessed the role of manor parks as nesting habitats for cavity-nesting birds in southeastern Poland. We compared the occupancy of 37 manor parks and 34 non-manor rural parks by woodpeckers and secondary cavity nesters, and analysed the influence of habitat features such as tree health and trunk dimensions, as well as park area and location. Our results show that cavity nesting birds occupied manor parks significantly more often (97%) than non-manor parks (62%). Large tree stands (>2 ha) and the presence of old trees in poor health condition positively affected species richness. These findings demonstrate that the protection of old-growth trees in cultural landscapes enhances conservation outcomes. Historic parks integrate cultural and ecological values and support the persistence of forest specialists in otherwise inhospitable rural environments. As multifunctional green spaces, they offer potential for ecological connectivity and complement protected area networks. We argue that land use policy and spatial planning should explicitly recognise historic tree stands as valuable biodiversity assets. The protection of such elements of rural heritage can support conservation objectives and promote more resilient and multifunctional landscapes.

历史庄园公园是中欧乡村景观的传统组成部分，代表了一种主要建立于18世纪和19世纪的文化遗产形式。这些地点通常包含类似森林栖息地的古老树木，这在森林砍伐的农业地区越来越罕见。因此，它们可以作为生物多样性的避难所，特别是对于森林栖息的鸟类。在这项研究中，我们评估了庄园公园作为波兰东南部洞巢鸟类筑巢栖息地的作用。以37个庄园公园和34个非庄园公园为研究对象，比较了啄木鸟和次生洞巢鸟的占用情况，分析了树木健康、树干尺寸、公园面积和位置等生境特征对啄木鸟和次生洞巢鸟的影响。结果表明，洞巢鸟占据庄园公园的频率（97%）明显高于非庄园公园（62%）。大型林分（2公顷）和健康状况较差的老树的存在对物种丰富度产生了积极影响。这些研究结果表明，在文化景观中保护古树可以提高保护效果。历史公园整合了文化和生态价值，并支持森林专家在原本不适宜居住的农村环境中坚持下去。作为多功能绿色空间，它们提供了生态连接的潜力，并补充了保护区网络。我们认为，土地利用政策和空间规划应明确承认历史林分是宝贵的生物多样性资产。保护这些乡村遗产元素可以支持保护目标，促进更具弹性和多功能的景观。

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引用次数: 0

Perceptions of national parks among adjacent communities: a case study of Kubah national park using best-worst scaling 邻近社区对国家公园的看法：库巴国家公园最佳最差尺度的案例研究

IF 2.5 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Journal for Nature Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2026.127228

Kriskkumar Karunanithi , Takahiro Tsuge , Huda Farhana Mohamad Muslim , Winnie Akin , Noordyana Hassan , Prasetyo Nugroho , Shinya Numata , Susumu Takahashi , Mufeng Voon , Ayumi Onuma

The global call for expanding protected areas to conserve biodiversity often conflicts with the livelihoods of the local communities inhabiting these regions. Understanding these communities’ perspectives is crucial for balancing conservation efforts with their well-being. This study surveyed the local communities living near Kubah National Park to explore their perceived benefits and concerns regarding the park’s existence. Using the best-worst scaling approach, we found that the diversity of flora and fauna was ranked as the most beneficial aspect of the park, whereas restriction of resource access was identified as the most significant concern. Additionally, latent class analysis revealed substantial heterogeneity in preferences among the respondents. These findings offer important insights for policymakers aiming to expand protected areas while addressing the needs of adjacent communities.

扩大保护区以保护生物多样性的全球呼吁往往与居住在这些地区的当地社区的生计相冲突。了解这些社区的观点对于平衡保护工作和他们的福祉至关重要。本研究调查了居住在库巴国家公园附近的当地社区，以探讨他们对公园存在的感知利益和担忧。使用最佳-最差尺度方法，我们发现动植物多样性被列为公园最有益的方面，而资源获取限制被确定为最重要的问题。此外，潜在类别分析揭示了受访者偏好的实质性异质性。这些发现为决策者在扩大保护区的同时解决邻近社区的需求提供了重要的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Fragmentation dynamics in the Atlantic forest Green Corridor of Misiones, Argentina: Implications for conservation planning and policy effectiveness 阿根廷米西奥内斯大西洋森林绿色走廊的破碎化动态：对保护规划和政策有效性的影响

IF 2.5 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Journal for Nature Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2026.127212

L.S. Polo Perdomo , Pablo Baldassini , Carlos M. Di Bella

The Atlantic Forest Green Corridor in Misiones, Argentina, is one of the last remaining bastions of subtropical biodiversity in South America. Yet, over the past three decades, the region has experienced sustained deforestation and escalating forest fragmentation. This study employs multitemporal satellite imagery (1990–2020), landscape metrics (Mean Patch Area, Number of Patches, Nearest Neighbor Distance), and spatial autocorrelation (Moran’s I) to assess changes in forest structure and connectivity across 1.1 million hectares. Results reveal a 12.98 % loss of native forest (∼129,000 ha), with deforestation peaking at 0.73 % annually (2000–2005). Fragmentation intensified as Mean Patch Area (MPA) declined by 24.6 % (from 285 to 215 ha), the number of patches (NP) more than doubled, and patch isolation (NND) increased from 95 m to 246 m. Under Argentina’s Native Forest Law (OTBN), strictly protected Category I areas maintained greater structural integrity. In contrast, Categories II (regulated use) and III (low protection) exhibited severe fragmentation; by 2020, no unfragmented forest remained in Category III, and Category II displayed strong spatial coupling between deforestation and fragmentation (Moran’s I > 0.5). While core protected areas remained resilient, degradation in surrounding private lands and buffer zones indicates that zoning alone cannot halt habitat loss. These findings emphasize the need to embed ecological connectivity into land-use planning and conservation frameworks. We recommend reinforcing habitat corridors, restoring degraded forests in vulnerable zones, and strengthening the enforcement of sustainable land-use regulations. This integrative approach demonstrates the utility of spatial analysis and remote sensing in informing effective conservation strategies to safeguard landscape connectivity in one of the world’s most threatened forest ecosystems.

阿根廷米西奥内斯的大西洋森林绿色走廊是南美洲亚热带生物多样性的最后堡垒之一。然而，在过去三十年中，该地区经历了持续的森林砍伐和不断升级的森林破碎化。本研究采用多时相卫星图像（1990-2020年）、景观指标（平均斑块面积、斑块数量、最近邻距离）和空间自相关（Moran’s I）来评估110万公顷森林结构和连通性的变化。结果显示，原始森林损失了12.98%（约12.9万公顷），毁林率最高为每年0.73%（2000-2005年）。平均斑块面积（MPA）减少24.6%（从285 ha减少到215 ha），斑块数量（NP）增加一倍以上，斑块隔离（NND）从95 m增加到246 m，破碎化加剧。根据阿根廷的原生森林法（OTBN），严格保护的第一类地区保持了更大的结构完整性。相比之下，第二类（管制使用）和第三类（低保护）表现出严重的碎片化；到2020年，第III类未破碎化森林已消失，第II类森林在森林砍伐和破碎化之间表现出较强的空间耦合（Moran 's I > 0.5）。虽然核心保护区仍然具有复原力，但周边私人土地和缓冲区的退化表明，仅靠分区不能阻止栖息地的丧失。这些发现强调了将生态连通性纳入土地利用规划和保护框架的必要性。我们建议加强栖息地走廊，恢复脆弱地区退化的森林，并加强可持续土地利用法规的执行。这种综合方法展示了空间分析和遥感在提供有效保护策略方面的效用，以保护世界上最受威胁的森林生态系统之一的景观连通性。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating line transect efficiency for estimating vicuña (Vicugna vicugna) population density and habitat use in the Apolobamba National Natural Integrated Management Area, Bolivia 玻利维亚Apolobamba国家自然综合管理区估算vicuña （Vicugna Vicugna）种群密度和生境利用的样线效率评价

IF 2.5 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Journal for Nature Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2026.127235

Robert B. Wallace , Sandra Rivera , Jesus Martinez , Guido Ayala , Ariel Reinaga , Robert Marquez , Samantha Strindberg

Vicuñas (Vicugna vicugna) are sustainably managed in Bolivia as a wild species with highly valuable wool. As part of a community management model, over the last two decades indigenous communities have organized censuses of wild vicuña. In order to validate these community censuses, we estimated vicuña population density and abundance in the Apolobamba National Natural Integrated Management Area in the northwestern Bolivian Andes using a line transect distance sampling approach. We placed 54 transects across 690 km² covering most of the vicuña distribution within Apolobamba, with transects conducted on motorcycles on the flatter Andean plain and on foot in the adjacent hills. Using a Multiple Covariate Distance Sampling (MCDS) approach and based on 252 transect encounters the vicuña population density was estimated at 12.53 individuals/km² (95% CI 9.51 – 15.07) overall with a half-normal model. A complementary occupancy sampling analysis of the survey data indicated that vicuña occupancy was higher as distance to peat bog increased and vicuña detectability was greater when line transects were conducted on foot. Our population estimate for the area where local communities and park guards traditionally count vicuña was 12,527 animals (95% CI 10,614–––13,815). The community census conducted immediately before our survey counted 11,978 animals. This parity in results for the two methodologies is important as the community census methodology is widely applied across Bolivia to evaluate wild vicuna populations under community management. Our results validate the community census methodology as an accurate and participative methodology for monitoring wild vicuña populations into the future.

Vicuñas （Vicugna Vicugna）是玻利维亚可持续管理的野生物种，具有高价值的羊毛。作为社区管理模式的一部分，在过去二十年中，土著社区组织了野生vicuña人口普查。为了验证这些社区普查，我们使用样线距离抽样方法估计了玻利维亚安第斯山脉西北部Apolobamba国家自然综合管理区vicuña的人口密度和丰度。我们在690平方公里的范围内放置了54个横断面，覆盖了Apolobamba内的大部分vicuña分布，在较平坦的安第斯平原上骑摩托车进行横断面，在邻近的山丘上步行进行横断面。采用半正态模型，利用多重协变量距离抽样（MCDS）方法，基于252个样带遭遇，估计vicuña总体种群密度为12.53个体/km2 （95% CI 9.51 ~ 15.07）。对调查数据的补充占用抽样分析表明，vicuña占用率随距离泥炭沼泽的增加而增加，vicuña可探测性随步行线样条的增加而增加。我们对当地社区和公园警卫传统计数vicuña的地区的人口估计为12,527只动物（95% CI 10,614—13,815）。在我们调查之前进行的社区普查统计了11978只动物。这两种方法的结果相当重要，因为社区普查方法在玻利维亚广泛应用于评估社区管理下的野生骆马种群。我们的结果验证了社区普查方法是一种准确和参与性的方法，用于监测野生vicuña种群到未来。

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引用次数: 0