Journal for Nature Conservation最新文献

{"title":"The effectiveness of connectivity of existing biodiversity corridors in Central Annamite, Vietnam","authors":"Van Tri Tin Nguyen ,&nbsp;David Newell ,&nbsp;Les Christidis ,&nbsp;Cooper Schouten ,&nbsp;Cody Aylward","doi":"10.1016/j.jnc.2025.126952","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnc.2025.126952","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biodiversity corridors can promote wildlife conservation by facilitating movement between habitat patches if carefully planned. The biodiversity corridors in the Central Annamite Landscape, Vietnam, were legally established in 2018. However, there has been no detailed modeling or surface analysis undertaken to assess their effectiveness. If biodiversity corridors are not well planned and rigorously monitored, they could lead to human-wildlife conflicts and create ecological sinks. Here we assessed the potential effectiveness of biodiversity corridors between five protected areas in Quang Nam and Thua Thien Hue provinces with the aim of identifying opportunities for improving connectivity via forest restoration and infrastructure mitigation. The Linkage Mapper toolset in ArcGIS was used for the connectivity modeling process using cost-weighted distances. In the absence of robust empirical biodiversity data for this region, we relied on a panel of local species experts to generate a consensus resistance surface. A total of 152,200 ha was identified as potentially effective biodiversity corridors, primarily consisting of natural forests without roads. Barrier areas were found near roads, emphasizing the importance of linear infrastructure mitigation to promote connectivity. Our results provide a quantitative assessment of opportunities for enhanced corridor effectiveness in the Central Annamite Landscape and demonstrate the application of expert-based approaches as a first step to connectivity conservation in data-challenged biodiversity hotspots. Subsequent studies using species-specific empirical data remains a critical future step to improve our understanding of functional connectivity in the Central Annamite Landscape.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54898,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Nature Conservation","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 126952"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143870446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Locals’ perceptions of the conservation status and socio-cultural factors determining the consent for cultivation of Vitex doniana Sweet, a threatened species in Burkina Faso","authors":"Hamadé Tidjani Guindé ,&nbsp;Prospère Sabo ,&nbsp;Bassiaka Ouattara ,&nbsp;Ounyambila Lompo ,&nbsp;Amadé Ouédraogo","doi":"10.1016/j.jnc.2025.126953","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnc.2025.126953","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Vitex doniana</em> Sweet is a socio-economically important agroforestry species in Africa. However, the species is threatened by overexploitation, the degradation of its natural habitats, and the climate pejoration. Understanding the socio-cultural factors that influence local perceptions of species status and influence decisions about its conservation or cultivation is crucial for developing effective management strategies. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with 384 respondents familiar with the species. The questionnaire concerned the socio-cultural profile of respondents, their opinion on the species availability, the local conservation practices, and their willingness to cultivate or to conserve the species in-situ. The results showed that the majority of people (77.72%) perceive a decline in <em>V. doniana</em> populations. This regressive perception varied significantly depending on ethnic group, education level, and main occupation. Overexploitation (34.64%), agriculture (19.79%), vegetation fires (14.06%), and negative effects of climate change (10.01%) were cited as the main causes of the species decline. Despite the species is recognized to be in decline and the causes are known, few conservation strategies were implemented by locals. When cited, their number varied significantly according to ethnic groups and education level. The cited local practices for the conservation of <em>V. doniana</em> included planting (25.65%), raising awareness (20.68%), cutting interdiction (18.23%), and natural assisted regeneration (15.62%). Furthermore, gender, age and education level were the socio-demographic factors that significantly influenced the willingness of people to cultivate <em>V. doniana</em>. These finding prove that successful conservation strategies for the species must consider the sociodemographic dimension in a participatory approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54898,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Nature Conservation","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 126953"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in ecological product value research: A bibliometric analysis based on CiteSpace and VOSviewer","authors":"Chenxi Li ,&nbsp;Xuan Zhai","doi":"10.1016/j.jnc.2025.126951","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnc.2025.126951","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Eco-product value research has received extensive attention from international scholars, and exploring the research hotspots and development trends in this field will provide new perspectives and directions for future eco-product value research and practice. This study retrieved and screened 1341 documents from the Web of Science (WOS) database from January 1, 1993 to November 19, 2023, and explored the research progress, hotspots and prospects of scholars in the field of eco-products value research using bibliometric analysis software such as CiteSpace and VOSviewer. Based on the relevant literature included in the WOS database, this study visualizes and analyzes the content of research institutions, scholars and keywords in this research field, and explores and analyzes the evolutionary vein and hotspots of concern in international ecological product value research. The results of the study show that the number of publications on eco-product value in the international academic community has been increasing rapidly since 2005; outstanding scholars in this field include Gret-regamey, Adrienne and Costanza, Robert, etc.; the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) is the research institution with the largest number of publications; and the analysis of the co-occurrence of keywords shows that the realization of eco-product value and accounting for eco-product value are important issues in this research field. In the future, academics should strengthen the research on ecological product value, focusing on the exploration of the real path of ecological product value realization, the deep excavation of the cultural value of ecological products and the standardization of ecological product value accounting methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54898,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Nature Conservation","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 126951"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decline of European grayling (Thymallus thymallus L.) populations in Belgian rivers: What are the main environmental factors involved?","authors":"Chloé Vom Berge ,&nbsp;Michaël Ovidio ,&nbsp;Jean-Philippe Benitez","doi":"10.1016/j.jnc.2025.126949","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnc.2025.126949","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated population trends of the European grayling (<em>Thymallus thymallus</em> L.) across Belgian rivers in relation to environmental changes. Freshwater biodiversity has been declining dramatically and facing many threats those past decades. Among freshwater species, the European grayling is present throughout Europe, but its populations have declined across their distribution area. It is an exigent fish species, having specific physiological and ecological needs that are in the frontline of many consequences of human activities, with climate change bringing additional pressures. This study aimed to assess the decline of graylings and to determine the most impactful environmental factors. We analysed data from fishing events from 2000 to 2022 and environmental data of the Walloon region of Belgium. When comparing the first two decades of the 2000 s, the fishing data highlighted a decline of 42.8 % of grayling population abundance. In parallel, water flow tended to decrease with a higher occurrence of very low-flow, and maximum water temperature tended to increase with higher occurrence of days with water temperature &gt; 18 °C. Indeed, there was an average of 18.6 additional days at very low water flow and an average of 9.6 additional days at water temperature &gt; 18 °C. These parameters showed an impact on graylings abundance giving the significant correlation found between them. This study quantifies the rate of grayling’s decline in Belgium and the change of water flow and temperature over time, and it highlights the environmental variables that have shown an influence on European grayling abundance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54898,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Nature Conservation","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 126949"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of camera traps, eDNA, and visual encounter surveys for threatened species detection","authors":"Leah R.N. Samuels ,&nbsp;Taylor Wilcox ,&nbsp;Michelle Hoffman ,&nbsp;Michele Elmore ,&nbsp;Robert Aldredge ,&nbsp;Benjamin S. Stegenga ,&nbsp;James E. Bogan Jr. ,&nbsp;Mark A. Davis ,&nbsp;Stephanie Hertz ,&nbsp;Michael K. Schwartz ,&nbsp;Houston C. Chandler","doi":"10.1016/j.jnc.2025.126948","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnc.2025.126948","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate, cost-effective monitoring remains a major limitation to conservation efforts for many wildlife species. The USA federally threatened eastern indigo snake (<em>Drymarchon couperi</em>) exemplifies this sampling challenge. They occur at low densities, are cryptic, and highly mobile, which has historically made them challenging and expensive to monitor. However, emerging technologies and methodologies may provide new pathways to augment, complement, or replace conventional sampling to yield improved monitoring programs, both for eastern indigo snakes and for other imperiled and cryptic taxa. Here, we compare environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling, camera trapping, and visual encounter surveys as monitoring methods for the eastern indigo snake. We conducted an <em>in situ</em> study of eDNA decay rate in soil. Subsequently, we paired active searches across four sites in the southeast United States, eDNA sampling of gopher tortoise burrows and drift fences, and camera trapping of gopher tortoise burrows and drift fences and used these data to (1) assess eDNA detectability over time and (2) relative cost-effectiveness of the different survey methods. We found patterns of eDNA detectability that were concordant with previous experimental trials. Of 120 samples collected from locations with confirmed snake presence via visual encounter surveys, 66 amplified (55%) and eDNA was detectable up to six days after snake presence. Using multi-scale, multi-method occupancy modeling we estimated that the probability of eastern indigo snake presence in gopher tortoise burrows (0.29) was higher than at drift fences (0.24) and that cameras had a higher rate of detection (0.50) than eDNA sampling (0.38), although image processing time made camera trapping prohibitively expensive relative to other approaches. To reach a 95% likelihood of detection, the most cost-effective sampling method is visual encounter surveys augmented with eDNA sampling. Our results illustrate that visual encounter surveys remain an effective monitoring method, but supplementing with eDNA may decrease costs and increase detection probability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54898,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Nature Conservation","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 126948"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143851456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What makes Great Snipe stay? Developing hydrological indicators for successful habitat management of selected breeding sites of Gallinago media in Poland","authors":"Mateusz Grygoruk ,&nbsp;Somsubhra Chattopadhyay ,&nbsp;Paweł Osuch ,&nbsp;Paweł Trandziuk ,&nbsp;Michał Fabiszewski ,&nbsp;Paweł Szewczyk ,&nbsp;Tomasz Chodkiewicz ,&nbsp;Michał Korniluk","doi":"10.1016/j.jnc.2025.126947","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnc.2025.126947","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrological conditions of habitats remain one of the key factors determining the occurrence, abundance, condition, successful foraging, and breeding success of a range of wetland bird species. Appropriate saturation of the topsoil, flooding recurrence, and groundwater levels assuring stability of peatland and riparian ecosystems remain critical indicators for habitat suitability and behavioral requirements for wetland biota. Hence, comprehensive and geographically distributed studies on relations between the occurrence of selected wetland bird species and defined hydrological indicators may allow for the formulation of specific target values that remain a key factor to successful habitat management. Based on the extensive automatic water levels monitoring, our research conducted a comprehensive hydrological evaluation on 16 breeding grounds of the Great Snipe Gallinago media located in the westernmost range of lowland populations in east Poland. Our field-research-oriented study over 3 years (2020–2022), was an attempt to find correlations between selected hydrological indicators and Great Snipe males number on the leks. We found that the multi-annual lowest groundwater level during breeding season best explained the abundance of Great Snipes males on the lek and was positively correlated with the number of males present on the lek. We did not find any correlations between changing saturations in habitats and changes in the abundance of males present on the lek over one particular lekking season. Our findings indicate, that management of the Great Snipe habitats, at least in its western-most range of lowland population, should be oriented at assuring high groundwater levels just before and during the lekking season (late April-mid-May), consistently throughout the years. We found that average groundwater levels could have described appropriate hydrological habitat conditions for examined Great Snipe habitats during the lekking season ranging from 0.04 m above the ground level (agl) to −0.43 m agl. We also revealed that the target depths to groundwater table in fens, drained peatlands and floodplains should be kept at the level of at least −0.2 m agl to sustain appropriate hydrological conditions to maintain large and stable leks. Provided results have the potential to become a goal in the Great Snipe habitat management, where drainage and agricultural abuse of habitats have been reported as a main threat to this species’ resilience in the edges of its range in Europe.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54898,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Nature Conservation","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 126947"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143851457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socio-Environmental conflicts and traditional communities in protected areas: A scientometric analysis","authors":"Everton Cruz Silva ,&nbsp;Mayerly Alexandra Guerrero-Moreno ,&nbsp;Fernando Abreu Oliveira ,&nbsp;Karina Dias-Silva ,&nbsp;Leandro Juen ,&nbsp;James Ferreira Moura Junior ,&nbsp;Fernando Geraldo de Carvalho ,&nbsp;José Max Barbosa Oliveira-Junior","doi":"10.1016/j.jnc.2025.126936","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnc.2025.126936","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although science recognizes that traditional communities are essential for the sustainable management of areas of high biodiversity, they are often neglected in the creation and management of protected areas (PAs), leading to a series of social and environmental tensions. In this context, this study aims to analyze the socio-environmental conflicts involving traditional communities in PAs using a scientometric approach. A total of 263 articles from the Scopus and Web of Science databases were analyzed. The highest scientific productivity was recorded in 2021 (<em>n</em> = 22; 8.37 %). The USA (<em>n</em> = 36; 13.69) had the most scientific output, while Brazil (<em>n</em> = 26; 9.89 %) was the most studied. The thematic map identifies “protected areas” as the central theme, ”indigenous communities“ as a crucial topic, and ”marine protected areas“ as an emerging theme. A percentage of 66.54 % of the studies focused on non-indigenous populations, 16.73 % on indigenous populations, and 16.73 % on both. There was a significant predominance of conflicts involving reserves (50.19 %). The most recurrent socio-environmental conflict is related to access to resources and livelihoods (27.37). The results underscore the urgent need for management strategies and the development of more inclusive public policies that meet the needs and ensure the rights of traditional communities for their well-being. It is essential to actively integrate them into decision-making processes; by adopting this action, it is possible to reduce conflicts and significantly promote the sustainability of protected areas. This approach not only recognizes the importance of these communities but also strengthens the conservation and sustainable use of natural resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54898,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Nature Conservation","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 126936"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the impact of human activities on natural diversity in the Egyptian western Mediterranean tourist coasts: A case study using dune- habitats’ restricted species","authors":"Omnia M. Arief ,&nbsp;Dalia Abd El-Azeem Ahmed ,&nbsp;Dalia F. Slima","doi":"10.1016/j.jnc.2025.126943","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnc.2025.126943","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Egyptian coastal dunes have endured dramatic changes during the past decade due to tourism and urbanization. Here we focused on dune-restricted habitat species that can serve as indicators providing conservation status of the Mediterranean coastal ecosystem. We identified 13 urban or non-urban habitats; classification of plots was carried out using the percentage cover through agglomerative hierarchical clustering. Therophytes were the most represented life form (51 %), followed by chamaephytes and hemicryptophytes (18 and 14 %, respectively). Our findings utilized diversity indices between urban and non-urban locations; the urban locations had relatively greater values than the non-urban with values ∼ 0.63 and ∼ 0.12 (nepers/indiv.) for urban sites and sand formation as the non-urban locations, respectively. The values of the Natural diversity index (N index) of species at both urban and non-urban locations generally display a high degree of naturalness. Our results are a key finding for conservation monitoring and preventing habitat loss or even extinction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54898,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Nature Conservation","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 126943"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143835127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting the potential distribution of the Gila Monster and evaluating the extent of protected natural areas for conservation","authors":"C.S. Gehman,&nbsp;C.M. Gienger","doi":"10.1016/j.jnc.2025.126944","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnc.2025.126944","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A common challenge facing wildlife conservation efforts is obtaining accurate species assessments for use in informing management strategies. Predictive techniques such as species distribution modeling are often used to determine the geographic distribution of rare and cryptic species and can facilitate conservation planning. In this study we developed a MaxEnt model using historical occurrence data and a suite of environmental variables to predict the geographic distribution of the Gila Monster (<em>Heloderma suspectum</em>), a large and enigmatic lizard native to the deserts of the American Southwest and northwestern Mexico that is state listed as protected, threatened, or endangered across its range. MaxEnt (maximum entropy) is a modeling technique using presence-only occurrence data to model habitat suitability. The predicted distribution was overlayed with currently recognized protected natural areas (PNAs) to evaluate the extent of habitat conservation efforts. About 36 % of the predicted species distribution is currently contained within recognized PNAs, but only ∼ 11 % are considered high-quality areas that do not permit extractive activities and employ active management plans. We identified potential Gila Monster habitat in regions notably lacking historic surveys or occurrence information, including southwestern California (U.S.) and northwestern Chihuahua (Mexico). This study identifies gaps in both survey effort and in habitat protection status, especially in Sonora (Mexico), which contains ∼ 59 % of the species predicted distribution, but only 4.8 % having PNA designation. These gaps should encourage increased survey efforts in remote regions and the development of specific conservation plans in lower classification PNAs to ensure the protection of crucial Gila Monster habitat in the face encroaching anthropogenic habitat alteration and shifting climates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54898,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Nature Conservation","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 126944"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sacred natural sites as other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMS) for biodiversity conservation in South Africa: Key opportunities and challenges for policy and practice","authors":"Ndidzulafhi Innocent Sinthumule","doi":"10.1016/j.jnc.2025.126935","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnc.2025.126935","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The focus of this study is on sacred natural sites (SNS’s) as other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs) in South Africa. The global recognition of OECMs Kunming-Montrel Global Biodiversity Framework Target 3 is an important milestone in the global conservation arena. The recognition of OECMs as an essential supplementary strategy to protected areas is a critical step towards conservation. This study aimed to assess opinions and perceptions about the opportunities and challenges of SNS’s as OECMs in contributing to global conservation goals and targets. Semi-structured interviews were used as the main collection tool (either face-to-face or remotely) to elicit perceptions, judgements and feelings from academics involved in research on Indigenous knowledge, people involved in discussions related to OECMs, and the custodians of sacred sites. Recruitment of experts was undertaken using a mixture of non-probability purposive and snowball sampling. Experts were purposefully selected after which they were requested to refer us to other stakeholders/respondents who were also involved in projects related to OECMs. The study identified several opportunities and challenges that need to be addressed if SNS’s are to be designated as OECMs. Although there is potential for recognising SNS’s as OECMs, there are no standard criteria or guidelines available at the local or national level in South Africa for declaring SNS’s as OECMs. This highlights a policy gap within the existing legal structure. The lack of clear policy frameworks and guidelines specifically designed for OECMs in South Africa creates implementation uncertainties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54898,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Nature Conservation","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 126935"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}