International Nursing Review最新文献

Aims: To profile the characteristics of nurses with varying levels of vaccine hesitancy toward the COVID-19 and influenza vaccines.

Background: In many countries across the world, healthcare workers, and nurses in particular, display significant reluctance toward COVID-19 and influenza vaccines due to concerns about safety, distrust in healthcare policies, and media influences. To address this, a proposed approach involves profiling nurses to tailor vaccination campaigns and to improve acceptance rates and public health outcomes.

Methods: This cross-sectional study adopted the Vaccination Attitudes Examination scale to assess hesitancy toward COVID-19 and influenza vaccines among 294 registered nurses in the UK between March and July 2023. A K-means cluster analysis was performed. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines were adopted.

Results: Three profiles were identified. Profile A showed low vaccination hesitancy, profile B showed average hesitancy, and profile C showed high hesitancy toward vaccines. The highest concern for all profiles was related to unforeseen future effects of vaccination. Profile C had more nurses in early career roles, whereas nurses in profiles A and B were in more senior roles. Profile A showed higher educational attainment. Nurses in profile C used Snapchat more, whereas nurses in profile A used Twitter more frequently.

Conclusion: This study identified specific characteristics associated with higher levels of vaccination hesitancy in nursing. Unforeseen future effects of vaccination are a core aspect to consider in promoting vaccination.

Implications for nursing and nursing policy: Policies and vaccination campaigns should be targeted on early career nurses and should deliver tailored messages to dispel misinformation about unforeseen future effects of vaccination through specific social media platforms. Senior nurses should be involved as role models in promoting vaccination. These results are key for enhancing an evidence-based approach to implementing global health policies in healthcare.

Aim: This study aimed to determine the disaster preparedness perceptions and psychological first-aid competencies of psychiatric nurses.

Background: Nurses must recognize the risks before a disaster occurs and have an action plan for providing effective physical and psychological care to patients and other affected individuals during and after the disaster. It is especially important for psychiatric nurses caring for a high-risk group, such as psychiatric patients, to be prepared for disasters and be able to support patients by recognizing the psychological reactions that may occur after a disaster and managing their care accordingly.

Methods: For this cross-sectional and correlational study, data on 122 nurses were collected using a personal information form, the preparedness perception scale of disaster in nurses, and the psychological first-aid application self-efficacy scale.

Results: The mean score for the participants' perception of overall disaster preparedness was 76.70 ± 8.30, the mean score for the preparation stage was 27.02 ± 2.82, the mean score for the intervention stage was 30.40 ± 5.15, the mean score for the post-disaster stage was 19.27 ± 2.88, and the mean score for psychological first-aid application self-efficacy was 140.28 ± 19.17.

Conclusion: The findings showed that psychiatric nurses were above the medium level in terms of disaster preparedness perceptions and psychological first-aid application self-efficacy.

Implications for nursing and health policy: It is important for nurses caring for high-risk groups, such as psychiatric patients, to be aware of disaster preparedness, to recognize psychological reactions that may be observed after a disaster, and to be aware of psychological first-aid practices that can be used to intervene in a disaster.

Aim: To identify the relationship between the violence-prevention climate and workplace happiness in hospitals. The secondary objective is to adapt a valid and reliable scale to a different culture in healthcare settings.

Background: Healthcare settings are not immune to the harmful effects of violence, which can exacerbate existing challenges such as staff shortages. In the midst of these challenges, organizational efforts to ensure the safety of health workers are critical. These efforts can contribute positively to workers' happiness or well-being.

Method: Using a cross-sectional design with 400 healthcare professionals from five hospitals in Trabzon, Turkey, data collection involved the Violence-Prevention Climate Scale and Workplace Happiness Scale. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to test the Turkish validity and reliability of the scale, and the consistency coefficient was calculated.

Results: The findings revealed that, on average, employees exhibited high levels of violence-prevention climate ( $\overline{x}$  = 4.22) and moderate levels of workplace happiness ( $\overline{x}$  = 3.70). Subsequently, correlation analysis unveiled a statistically significant association between the dimensions of violence-prevention climate and workplace happiness (p < 0.05, r = 0.392). It was observed that those who experienced violence and did not feel safe in the workplace had lower levels of happiness.

Discussion: The instances of healthcare workers being exposed to violence identified in the study largely align with previous theories related to both individual and organizational effects.

Conclusion: Violence-prevention climate affects the safety and workplace happiness of workers.

Implications for nursing and/or health policy: Employees expect their managers to seriously consider all reports of violence. In this context, creating a violence-prevention climate would be a good start. According to WHO 2030 targets, in an environment where there is a significant shortage of healthcare personnel, especially nurses, ensuring that existing employees work in a safer and happier environment will make a positive contribution to healthcare systems.

Background: Children are a particularly vulnerable group in natural disasters such as earthquakes, and although they represent a difficult group to research in such situations, there appears to be a lack of literature investigating children's experiences in the immediate post-earthquake period. Experienced nurses can shed light on children's experiences.

Aim: This study was conducted to examine the experiences of nurses caring for children affected by the earthquake in Kahramanmaraş, Turkey.

Methods: This phenomenological study was conducted with nurses who provided care to children during the Kahramanmaraş earthquake between May and August 2023. The study sample consisted of 14 nurses selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through in-depth interviews by using the "Introductory Information Form" and "Semi-structured Interview Form" developed by the researchers. The interviews were subsequently analyzed using Colaizzi's method.

Results: The results revealed five themes under two main themes. Under the main theme of nurse, there are subthemes of chaos, helplessness-incompetence, while under the main theme of child, there are subthemes of unresponsiveness, intertwined needs, empathy, and care. The study also highlights the chaotic environment in the immediate aftermath of the earthquake, characterized by a high number of pediatric casualties and psychological trauma, and the nurses' feelings of helplessness as a result of being separated from their families.

Conclusion: This study found that nurses caring for children in the earthquake had difficulties in managing children's hospital processes and they demonstrated an empathic approach by trying to communicate with the children in their care. The nurses stated that children should be supported psychologically as well as having their basic needs such as water, food, and shelter met.

Implications for nursing and health policy: Health policymakers should be aware that in the early stages of major disasters such as earthquakes, children are not only physically injured but also have basic needs such as water, shelter, and food, and are emotionally affected. It is recommended that disaster management plans be developed to address all children's needs and nurses be provided with psychological support and training to improve their knowledge and skills.

Aims: To explore the experience of registered nurses and their mentors in the implementation of the Gerontological Nursing Competencies in long-term aged care and the perceived effectiveness and suitability of the programme to support nurse development.

Background: The global population is ageing and needs a reliable aged-care nursing workforce.

Introduction: Opportunities for education and mentorship for newly qualified and experienced aged-care nurses warrant investigation.

Methods: Qualitative evaluation using semi-structured focus groups was conducted following the implementation of the programme into five not-for-profit long-term aged-care organisations and analysed by a reflexive qualitative thematic approach and reported according to COREQ criteria.

Results: A total of 21 nurses (7 mentors and 14 mentees) participated in six focus groups. Five themes were generated: (1) nurses gained confidence and competence through the programme; (2) the facilitation of suitable mentoring activities and approaches was crucial to success; (3) the programme helps nurses recognise gerontology as a specialty; (4) the programme contributes to building a strategy of recruitment/retention/quality improvement in the sector; (5) barriers, challenges, changes and recommendations were identified.

Discussion: The Gerontological Nursing Competency model, which combined adaptive mentoring supported by reflective practice embedded in a gerontological nursing competencies framework, was perceived to improve nurse confidence and competence to lead and improve nursing standards of care.

Conclusion and implications for nursing and health policy: The evidence-based competencies are an acceptable and effective method for supporting gerontological nurse development. Expansion of, and accessibility to, the programme may aid global responses to aged-care reform, by building the recognition of gerontological nursing as a specialty and contributing towards recruitment, retention and quality care improvements.

Background: Internationally qualified nurses are highly sought after as a labour source due to continued shortages in the nursing profession in most developed countries. However, the lack of clear policies and procedures for nurses in the host country to use specialty nursing skills can result in the underutilisation of their expertise.

Objectives: To review the registration processes of internationally qualified nurses in 20 developed countries, with a focus on the transferability of specialised skills gained overseas.

Methods: A multicentre policy review design was used, using the STROBE reporting guidelines. The study sourced policy information from nurse registration bodies in developed countries and reviewed and removed redundant policies.

Results: Out of 34 policies initially identified, 26 were used to show the registration process of nurses after immigration to developed countries. Only four of the 20 countries reviewed indicated the option of specialised nurse registration on their website for internationally qualified nurses, with a university qualification required before years of experience. All other countries indicated the general registration pathway only.

Implications for nursing policy: More attention is needed to address the lack of well-defined policies that guide the utilisation of internationally qualified nurses' specialised skills. Transparent procedures are essential to fully benefit from their expertise in the host country's health workforce.

Background: To meet the population's needs, community care should be customized and continuous, adequately equipped, and monitored.

Introduction: Considering their fragmented and heterogeneous nature, a summary of community healthcare services described in European literature is needed. The aim of this study was to summarize their organizational models, outcomes, nursing contribution to care, and nursing-related determinants of outcomes.

Methods: A systematic review was performed by searching PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Embase in October 2022 and October 2023 (for updated results). Quantitative studies investigating the effects of community care, including nursing contribution, on patient outcomes were included and summarized. Reporting followed the PRISMA checklist. The review protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022383856).

Results: Twenty-three studies describing six types of community care services were included, which are heterogeneous in terms of target population, country, interventions, organizational characteristics, and investigated outcomes. Heterogeneous services' effects were observed for access to emergency services, satisfaction, and compliance with treatment. Services revealed a potential to reduce rehospitalizations of people with long-term conditions, frail or older persons, children, and heart failure patients. Models are mainly multidisciplinary and, although staffing and workload may also have an impact on provided care, this was not enough investigated.

Discussion: Community health services described in European literature in the last decade are in line with population needs and suggest different suitable models and settings according to different care needs. Community care should be strengthened in health systems, although the influence of staffing, workload, and work environment on nursing care should be investigated by developing new management models.

Conclusions and implications for health policy: Community care models are heterogeneous across Europe, and the optimum organizational structure is not clear yet. Future policies should consider the impact of community care on both health and economic outcomes and enhance nursing contributions to care.

Background: Occupational health and safety are central elements of work. Throughout its history as a speciality, occupational health nursing (OHN) has been expanding the development of academic competencies and the improvement of clinical skills.

Sources of evidence: The literature highlights that OHN is more involved in the application of policies with a public health perspective focused on the well-being of the worker than in their design and development. REFLECTIONS FROM A SOCIO-OCCUPATIONAL AND PROFESSIONAL PERSPECTIVE OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH NURSING: From this premise, the current reality contributes to establishing priorities for action, generates consensus as a discipline, induces self-criticism and favours development as a profession. The article points out the strategies that favour political participation in companies, the factors that limit public representation and some of the benefits of establishing this type of initiative in organisations.

Conclusions and implications for nursing and health policy: The OHN is a key agent of change in the design and development of health policies in the workplace. From a panoramic view of how health strategies can influence companies, and the care of the working population, political awareness and civic participation in its different aspects are part of the commitment to this nursing speciality.

Aim: To examine the relationship between missed nursing care and conscientious intelligence.

Background: Missed nursing care is a globally common patient safety issue that threatens quality nursing care. Current studies mainly focus on the relationship between missed nursing care and external factors such as nurse, unit and hospital characteristics. However, internal factors, such as the conscientious intelligence of nurses, are also very important for missed nursing care. Moreover, the relationship between missed nursing care and conscientious intelligence has not been examined so far. This study will contribute to filling this gap in the literature.

Methods: This is a descriptive correlational study. The study sample consisted of 514 nurses working in a city in the southeastern region of Türkiye, reached by convenience sampling method. Study data were collected between 30 January and 30 June 2021. Descriptive statistics, difference statistics, Pearson correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were performed.

Results: Nurses missed nursing care at an occasional level (1.66 ± 0.63), and their conscientious intelligence score was high (131.26 ± 19.24). Conscientious intelligence alone accounted for 10.6% of the variance in missed nursing care. As nurses' conscientious intelligence levels increase, the level of missed nursing care decreases. Gender, education level, satisfaction with being a nurse and patient-to-nurse ratios had a statistically significant effect on missed nursing care scores.

Conclusion: Missed nursing care decreased as nurses' conscientious intelligence increased. Although nurses need to be knowledgeable and competent in caregiving, it is also necessary to consider their conscientious intelligence in patient care.

Implications for nursing and health policy: Organizations and nurse managers could improve nursing care by implementing strategies to increase nurses' conscientious intelligence. For this, they would need to encourage nurses to receive training on sensitivity, awareness, ethical decision-making and ethical sensitivity. Moreover, nurse managers should be role models and leaders in compliance with personal and professional values and ethical standards to improve nursing care.